Introduction and Overview

(1)

Introduction and Overview

Jonathan Overly Jonathan Overly

East Tennessee Clean Fuels Coalition

USB Biodiesel Webinar

September 28, 2009

(2)

Clean Cities

A voluntary, locally‐based government/

i d t t hi

industry partnership

Mission: To advance the energy, economic, and environmental security of the U.S. by supporting local decisions to adopt

practices that contribute to the reduction of petroleum

p f p

consumption in the transportation sector.

• Established in 1993 in response to the Energy Policy Act (EPAct) of 1992

• Companion program to the EPAct mandates requiring certain fleets to

acquire AFVs (Federal, State, and Fuel provider fleets)

(3)

• 87 Active Coalitions in 45 States

• 632,000 AFVs using alternative fuels

• 5,600 AF Refueling i

Stations

• 6,500+ Stakeholders

(4)

Goal: Petroleum Reduction Goal: Petroleum Reduction

How to Achieve the goal…

Five Clean Cities technologies:

• Alternative fuels and vehicles

• Hybrid electric vehicles

• Idle reduction technologies

• Fuel economy measures Fuel economy measures

• Low‐level blends

Eliminate

(5)

Biodiesel 301 Workshops & Webinar: Why? p y

• Help disseminate quality, accurate information on biodiesel,

t it i ’ d th ti A i ’ h d

get it in user’s and other proactive American’s hands;

chance for dialogue and questions with the experts

• Lots of changes for biodiesel industry lately; need to keep

interested parties up‐to‐date

(6)

Biodiesel Update Biodiesel Update

Richard Nelson

National Biodiesel Board National Biodiesel Board

800‐841‐5849

(7)

Today’s Presentation Today’s Presentation

 ASTM Specifications

 Engine Warranties

 RFS‐2

 Renewable Identification Numbers (RINS) Renewable Identification Numbers (RINS)

 Indirect Land Use Change (iLUC)

(8)

ASTM Current Status ASTM Current Status

 ASTM D6751 is the approved standard for B100 for blending up to B20

– Feedstock and Process Neutral

– ASTM has approved D6751 for B100 based on a B20 final blend

Hi h bl d lt ti ith th OEM

– Higher blends upon consultation with the OEM

 D975 (on/off road diesel) and D396 (heating oil) both allow up to 5% biodiesel

– 5.49% and lower with rounding – Performance based for engines

B100 t t D6751 i t bl di – B100 must meet D6751 prior to blending

 D7467: B6 to B20 for on/off road diesel engines

– Designed so that if B100 meets D6751 and petrodiesel meets D975, B6 to B20 blends will meet their specifications:

(9)

(10)

OEM Biodiesel Blend Approvals Approvals

 T t l # M j Di l E i

 Total # Major Diesel Engine

Manufacturers in U.S. Market: 31

New

 Mfrs approving B5 only: 8

^{Mfrs -}^TBA

B5 Only

52%

22%

 Mfrs approving B20 or higher on

at least some models: 16

^{B20 or}

Hi h

52%

26%

– Mfrs approving B100: 4

^Higher

 New to U.S. diesel Mfrs – biodiesel blend TBA: 7

http://www.biodiesel.org/pdf_files/OEM%20Statements/OEM_Statements_Summary.pdf

(11)

EPA Proposed Rule – RFS2

 Requires 500 million gal. biodiesel in 2009 – less than 2008 production

 Requires biodiesel must reduce GHG emissions by 50%

– Compared to 2005 diesel production

– Does not account for increased CO

₂

from tar sand utilization Concludes that biodiesel from all feedstocks has direct GHG

emissions reduction of 80%.

However, when estimated indirect emissions from ILUC,

t bl il t b fit l 22%

vegetable oils net benefits are only 22%

(12)

Renewable Identification Number (RIN) Number (RIN)

E ll f bi di l t 1 5 RIN

Every gallon of biodiesel creates 1.5 RIN.

Obligated party required to collect X number of RINs per year/quarter.

When obligated parties have to purchase RINs on the open

p p

market, your fuel supplier has opportunity to sell their RINs and profit

profit.

RIN value to fleets:

awareness allows you to

better negotiate bids and g

fuel prices

(13)

EPA Proposed GHG Emissions Rule Emissions Rule

 Biodiesel must meet a 50% reduction in total LCA Biodiesel must meet a 50% reduction in total LCA

emissions (direct and indirect) versus the petroleum baseline

— Concludes that biodiesel from all feedstocks has direct GHG emissions reduction of 80%

— However, when estimated indirect emissions from ILUC, vegetable oils net benefits are only 22%

 ILUC theory biofuel production causes an increase in commodity crop

d d h “ ” l f b f b f

production acres due to the “vacuum” left by using an acre of soybeans for biodiesel; EPA assumes that the acre used to make up the lost soybean

production automatically comes from a rainforest

(14)

The technical controversies e tec ca co t o e s es

 Predicting future yields for crops (both biofuels g y p ( and conventional crops)

 Untangling and understanding all the other myriad factors influencing land use change and

deforestation deforestation

 Actually quantifying cause and effect relationship

 Actually quantifying cause and effect relationship between biofuels, food prices, land use decisions and deforestation

 EPA resolution based on very limited data; need

considerably more time to analyze this

(15)

TENNESSEE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUE

Regulatory Services Divisiong y

Fuel Quality & ASTM D6751-09

Randy Jennings

Tennessee Department of Agriculture

2009 Soy Biodiesel Webinar

Biodiesel 301 So Biodiesel and O r Changing Biodiesel 301: Soy Biodiesel and Our Changing

Alt Fuels Landscape September 28, 2009

(16)

Presentation Outline Presentation Outline

• How ASTM D6751 Got Started

• The first ASTM Specification vs. Today’s Specificationp y p

• Most Recent Cold Soak Addition Information

• Related Field Problem Examplep

• What Passage of the Cold Soak Filtration Test Allowed to Happen – Big Change in U.S.

• Questions

(17)

How ASTM D6751 Got Started

• June 1994 – ASTM Committee D02 - Sub. E Formed the Biodiesel Task Force – Objective #1 – Development of Standard Specification for Biodiesel Fuel Blend Stock Standard Specification for Biodiesel Fuel Blend Stock

• June 1999 – PS 121-99 was approved by D02

D b 2001 ASTM St d d S ifi ti P

• December 2001 – ASTM Standard Specification Passes Committee D02 and is issued as ASTM D6751-02

Note: D6751 NOT designed for blends > B20

(18)

ASTM PS 121-99

(19)

ASTM D6751-09

(20)

D6751 Developmental Milestones Since Becoming a Full ASTM Standard

Full ASTM Standard

• 2008 Committee D02 Approved :

o Cold Soak Filtration Test Method & Specified a Cold Soakp

Filtration Limit of 360 seconds, max (200 s max if ambient temperatures expected to be -12 Deg. C or lower)

 300 mL B100 chilled to 40ºF 16 h warmed to room temp300 mL B100 chilled to 40 F, 16 h, warmed to room temp, vacuum filtered through a 0.7µm glass fiber filter. Sample must pass through filter in 360 s

Thi t t i NOT ifi ll L T t O bilit

 This test in NOT specifically a Low Temperature Operability Test:

 Developed to control precipitates above the Cloud Point, i e Minor Compounds including;

i.e. Minor Compounds including;

Monoglycerides, Sterol Glucosides, Soaps, Water

(21)

D6751 Developmental Milestones Since Becoming a Full ASTM Standard

Full ASTM Standard

ADM Study on Minor Compounds Effect on Cold Soak Filtration:

(22)

Example of Field Problem Related to Minor Compounds

• Late 2007 Contacted by a Biodiesel Marketer Regarding Filter Plugging in Customer Fleet

• Contacted Fleet Operator For Description of ProblemContacted Fleet Operator For Description of Problem – Verified Fuel Systems in Problem Vehicles

– Verified when Problem BeganVerified when Problem Began

– Collected Plugged Filters and Samples of the Biodiesel Blends

• Contacted Biodiesel Marketer

– Collected Sample of B100 Currently In Stock

(23)

Example of Field Problem Related to Minor Compounds

• The Fleet Operator Confirmed That:

– All Vehicles Affected Had 2002 and 2003 High Pressure Fuel Systems

Older Models Without High Pressure Systems Had No Issues Older Models Without High Pressure Systems Had No Issues

– Fleet had been operating on ~B10 since May 2007 w/o Issue – Within 2-3 Week period 15 Vehicle Failures

– Within 2-3 Week period, 15 Vehicle Failures

– No Change in Filter Brands, No Additional Additives Being Used

(24)

Lab 1 Result Spec , Max R of Method r of Method

Sample Results

Lab 2. Result Spec , Max R of Method r of Method

Total Glycerin, Mass % 0.167 0.24 0.095 0.037

Free Glycerin, Mass % 0.031 0.02 0.020 0.004

p ,

Acid No., mg KOH/g, g g 0.33 0.5 0.188 0.059

Cold Soak Filtration, s >1200 N/A N/A N/A

Water Content, ppm 70 500 216 19.42

Phosphorous, ppm 3 10 N/A N/A

Ca + Mg, ppm 7 5 2.229 0.4334

Na + K, ppm 1 5 1.13 .213

Cold Soak Filtration, s >900 N/A N/A N/A

Ph h 10 10 N/A N/A

Phosphorous, ppm <10 10 N/A N/A

Ca + Mg, ppm 6 5 2.08 0.4102

Na + K, ppm <2 5 N/A N/A

(25)

Filter Analysis

Diesel/Biodiesel

Reformed Solids – Mainly

MeOH/Water/Glycerin y

Sitosterol Compounds MeOH/Water/Glycerin

(26)

What Passage of the Cold Soak Filtration Test Method Allowed to Happen

Allowed to Happen

1. Revision of ASTM D975 Standard Specification for Diesel Fuel to allow up to 5% by volume Biodiesel

2. Passage of a new ASTM D7467 Standard Specification for Biodiesel Blend (B6 to B20)

Biodiesel Blend (B6 to B20)

a) D975 limits plus: Acid No., Oxidation Stability, and Biodiesel Content

3. Revision of ASTM D396 Standard Specification for Fuel Oils to allow up to 5% Biodiesel

(27)

M ti ht i till i f bi di l!

More spec tightening still coming for biodiesel!

Thank you!

Randy Jennings 615-837-5150

[email protected]

(28)

BIODIESEL 101 BIODIESEL 101 Ukrop’s Plunge

RECO & Southside Fuel Collaboration

National Biodiesel Board

www.biodiesel.org 800-841-5849 Dell Daugherity 804-219-2107 Ukrop’s Super Markets, Inc

(29)

BIODIESEL 101

(ATSM D6751)

• Oil + alcohol + catalyst = B100 + glycerin

d d f bl

• Produced from renewable resources

• Biodegradable, nontoxic & sulfur free

• Clean burning for conventional engines

• No special storage/distribution No special storage/distribution

• Success = costs near current Diesel price

(30)

Ukrop’s Fried Chicken – Richmond Staple

FY09 – Ukrop’s sold 2 45m lbs Fried Chicken (47k lbs/wk) FY09 Ukrop s sold 2.45m lbs Fried Chicken (47k lbs/wk) By Product – 29,960 gal used soy oil (576 gal/wk)

(31)

Ukrop’s Used Soy Oil

RECO

provided 250 provided 250 gal container

Ukrop’s changes fryer oil weekly Ukrop s changes fryer oil weekly.

92% efficiency = 27,500 gal B100 or 183,750 gal B15

(32)

RECO & Southside Fuel Collaboration

d l

• RECO Biodiesel, Inc.

Local Producer

Pickup used soy oil

Provide holding containers Provide holding containers

• Southside Fuel

l b l h bl

Local Distributor ‐ splash blend B15 Wet refuel Ukrop’s fleet

Federal Tax Credit

Used - $1 00 & First Use - $1 00 Used - $1.00 & First Use - $1.00

B15 price = Current Diesel price

(33)

RECO B100 Production

(34)

Wet Refuel Partner ‐ Southside Fuel

Splash Blend 900 gal 15% BioDiesel 3x per Wk

(35)

Ukrop’s Wet Refueling

FY09 Southside Fuel dispensed 108k gal 15% Biodiesel – 55% Need

(36)

Thank You

(37)

City of Sevierville City of Sevierville Biodiesel Overview

Biodiesel 301 Webinar September 28, 2009

(38)

Our Biodiesel Use History

• Began using B5 on January 4, 2005

• Increased to B10 on September 30, 2005 (built p , ( our own fuel farm)

• We increased in small increments to our current blend of B20

• Used B20 +‐ since May 16, 2006 y ,

• All City vehicles (including Fire Trucks) and our

local Gas Company (SCUD) p y ( )

(39)

Diesel Engine Inventory by Brand g y y

(40)

Lessons Learned…

• Our supplier is usually Rogers/McNutt/Pilot

• We try not to decrease the % y

• A good Diesel Additive is Recommended

• When you start keep extra fuel filters

• When you start…keep extra fuel filters

• We changed filters after the first full tank

• Be ready to make road calls for clogged filters

• Better with ULSD…better lubricity, etc. y,

(41)

Lessons Learned…

• We try to keep fresh fuel…

our goal is 3 weeks between tank fills

• Fuel efficiency increased after the systems were cleaned out

• Oil change frequency decreased to OEM recommendation (previously shorter)

• Engines seem to be quieter with better Cetane

quality

(42)

Lessons Learned…

• We’ve seen 8 –10 % increase in fuel economy since using B20

economy since using B20

• During the spike of high fuel prices,

bi di l bl d t ll l th

biodiesel blend was actually lower than

diesel

(43)

Other Alternative Fuels:

(44)

For More Information

• Bryon Fortner, Public Works Director

– 865.429.4567 865.429.4567

– [email protected]

l

• Jim Dennison, Fleet Manager

– 865.429.4567

– [email protected]

(45)

Biodiesel Preparedness Resources Biodiesel Preparedness Resources

& Funding Update

Chelsea Jenkins Virginia Clean Cities Virginia Clean Cities

USB Biodiesel Webinar

September 28, 2009

(46)

Ensuring Fuel Quality:

http://biodiesel org/resources/fuelqualityguide/

http://biodiesel.org/resources/fuelqualityguide/

(47)

Cold Weather Guide:

Cold Weather Guide: http://biodiesel.org/cold/

F h di ld h h i l

• Fact sheets, case studies on cold weather users, technical

support, educational tools, PPT on cold weather use

(48)

AFDC:

AFDC: http://www.afdc.energy.gov/afdc/

(49)

U.S. EPA Diesel Emission Reduction Program U.S. EPA Diesel Emission Reduction Program

• National Clean Diesel Program (70% of funding)

– National Clean Diesel Funding Assistance Program: contains the majority of the

f di d di d d l f EPA ifi d d ifi d h l i

funding dedicated to deployment of EPA‐verified and certified technologies.

– National Clean Diesel Emerging Technologies Program fosters the deployment of innovative technologies through a national grant competition. To qualify as an

f

emerging technology, a manufacturer must have an EPA approved application and test plan for verification.

– SmartWay Clean Diesel Finance Program allows EPA to issue competitive grants to establish national low‐cost revolving loans or other financing programs that will provide funding to fleets to reduce diesel emissions.

• State Clean Diesel Grant Program (30% of funding)

– State Clean Diesel Grant Program makes funds directly available to States interested in establishing new diesel emission reduction programs.

(50)

U.S. EPA Diesel Emission Reduction Program U.S. EPA Diesel Emission Reduction Program

• NCDC Qualifying projects

– Repower, Retrofits, Vehicle replacements, Cleaner fuel use – Non‐road cargo handling equipment, airport equipmentg g q p p q p

• Another solicitation from regular budget expected late summer 2009

– Look to ARRA solicitation for guidelines on how might look

(51)

State Incentives State Incentives

Examples:

• AL: Biofuels for schools grants, Biofuels production tax credit

• IL: Clean School Bus Program AFV

• IL: Clean School Bus Program, AFV and AF Rebates, Bio Blend Use Requirement, Biofuels Production Credits

• IN: Biodiesel Production Tax Credit, Biodiesel Blending Tax Credit,

Biodiesel Retailer Tax Credit,

Biodiesel Blend Fuel Tax Exemption, Biofuels Blend Use Requirement

• MN: Biodiesel fueling infrastructure grants, Biodiesel blend mandate, …

• VA: Biodiesel Grant Program

• VA: Biodiesel Grant Program (coming in October 2009)

(52)

Resources Resources

• Clean Cities:Clean Cities:

http://www1.eere.energy.gov/cleancities/

• Alternative Fuels and Advanced Vehicles Data Center: Refueling locator TransAtlas

• Alternative Fuels and Advanced Vehicles Data Center: Refueling locator, TransAtlas, PREP, laws & incentives, etc.

http://www.afdc.energy.gov/afdc/

• Virginia Clean Cities http://www.hrccc.org

• East Tennessee Clean Fuels Coalition http://www.ETCleanFuels.org

• Mid‐Atlantic Diesel and Southeast Diesel Collaboratives http://www.dieselmidatlantic.org/diesel/index.htm

http://www.southeastdiesel.org/

(53)