FSD3157. EVA Survey on Finnish Values and Attitudes Codebook

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EVA Survey on Finnish Values and Attitudes 2017

Codebook

F ÎNNISH S ÔCIAL S ^CIENCE D ÂTA A ^RCHIVE

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EVA Survey on Finnish Values and Attitudes 2017 [codebook]. Finnish Social Science Data Archive [producer and distributor], 2021.

This codebook has been generated from the version 2.0 (12.1.2018) of the data.

Finnish Social Science Data Archive FIN-33014 University of Tampere FSD User Services:

[email protected] +358 40 190 1442

Aila Data Service Portal:

https://services.fsd.uta.fi/

Finnish Social Science Data Archive http://www.fsd.uta.fi/en/

$ Koodikirjoitin.py v37 @ 2021-03-03 10:55:10.210000 $

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This codebook is part of the data FSD3157 archived at the FSD (Finnish Social Science Data Archive).The dataset has been described in as much detail as possible in Finnish and English.

Variable frequencies, variable and value labels, and missing values have been checked. If neces- sary, the data have been anonymised. The data and its creators shall be cited in all publications and presentations for which the data have been used. The bibliographic citation may be in the form suggested by the archive or in the form required by the publication. The bibliographic citation suggested by the archive:

Finnish Business and Policy Forum (EVA): EVA Survey on Finnish Values and Attitudes 2017 [dataset]. Version 2.0 (2018-01-12). Finnish Social Science Data Archive [distributor]. http://urn.fi/urn:nbn:fi:fsd:T-FSD3157

The user shall notify the archive of all publications where she or he has used the data. The original data creators and the archive bear no responsibility for any results or interpretations arising from the reuse of the data.

The codebook contains information on data content, structure and data collection, and includes a list of publications wholly or in part based on the data, according to publication information received by the FSD. The second part of the codebook contains information on variables:

question texts, response options, and frequencies. The third part contains indexes.

Variable distributions presented in this codebook have been generated from the SPSS files. Dis- tribution tables present variable values, frequencies (n), frequency percentages (%), and valid percentages (v. %) which take into account missing data. All distributions are unweighted. If the data contain weight variables, these will be found at the end of the variables list. In some cases frequency distributions have been substituted by descriptive statistics. Categorised responses to open-ended questions are not always included in the codebook. Distributions may contain missing data. The note "System missing (SYSMIS)" refers to missing observations (e.g. a respondent has not answered all questions) whereas "Missing (User missing)" refers to data the user has defined as missing. For example, the user may decide to code answer alternatives ’don’t want to say’ or ’can’t say’ as missing data.

The codebook may contain attached files, the most common one being the questionnaire.

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1 Study description 1

1.1 Titles . . . 1

1.2 Subject description . . . 1

1.3 Structure and collection of the data . . . 3

1.4 Use of data . . . 4

2 Variables 7 3 Indexes 83 3.1 Variables in the order of occurrence . . . 83

3.2 Variables in alphabetical order . . . 92

A Questionnaire in Finnish 101

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Study description

1.1 Titles

Titles and data version:EVA Survey on Finnish Values and Attitudes 2017 Titles and data version in Finnish: EVAn kansallinen asennetutkimus 2017 This codebook has been generated from the version 2.0 (12.1.2018) of the data.

1.2 Subject description

Authoring entity

Finnish Business and Policy Forum (EVA)

Copyright statement for the data

In accordance with the agreement between FSD and the depositor.

Depositor

Haavisto, Ilkka (Finnish Business and Policy Forum EVA)

Date of deposit

7.2.2017

Keywords

decision making; democracy; European integration; European Union; foreign policy; globaliza- tion; immigration; local government services; occupational life; parliamentary elections; polit-

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ical systems; political systems; primary education; refugees

Topic Classification

Fields of Science Classification:Social sciences

CESSDA Classification:Economic systems and development; Equality, inequality and social exclusion; Political behaviour and attitudes; Social behaviour and attitudes

Series description

The data belong to the series:

EVA Surveys on Finnish Values and Attitudes

Since 1984, the Finnish Business and Policy Forum (EVA) has conducted biennial surveys studying changes in Finnish attitudes, values, and perceptions of the present and the future. The series, formerly known as Finnish National Attitudes, aims at measuring and analysing citizens’

views on Finnish society. The data allow a detailed empirical analysis and systematic follow-up of change in public opinion. Each dataset contains both new themes and recurring themes with questions repeated over the years.

Themes covered include democracy, market economy, welfare, environment, society and politics, Finland’s international position, economic depression, economic growth, Finnish identity, and views on the future. The surveys are funded by EVA and have usually been carried out by Yhdyskuntatutkimus. The FSD collections also include surveys on values and attitudes of corporate executives (for example, FSD1091), in which some of the questions presented in this series have been repeated.

Abstract

The survey charted the values and attitudes of Finnish people. The main themes of the 2017 survey included the Finnish basic education system, municipal services and how they are provided, economic differences between population groups, the Finnish political system, social security, democracy, globalisation, Finnish foreign policy, and the EU and eurozone.

First, the respondents were asked to what extent they agreed with a large number of statements relating to, for instance, political parties and the political system, globalisation, education, employment, economic growth and markets, municipalities, taxation, changes in society, immigration and refugees, social security, the EU, and NATO membership.

The respondents’ opinions on municipalities’ duties were charted by asking which services should be provided by the public sector, which services should be provided by the private sector or in cooperation with the private sector. These services included day care, education, and street and road maintenance, among other things. Opinions on municipal tax and its effect on services provided by the municipality were also investigated. Views on basic education were probed by asking which things schools should teach and what subjects could be taught less. Views on immigration were charted in light of the current refugee crisis.

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The respondents’ opinions on democracy and different political systems were investigated by asking how important they felt it was to live in a democratic country, and by asking them to evaluate different political systems. Furthermore, the respondents were presented made-up political parties with extreme views, and asked how likely they were to vote for the party in the next parliamentary elections if such party existed. The potential future developments of the EU and the EMU that the respondents hoped to see happen in the following 10 years were surveyed (e.g. Brexit being cancelled, dissolution of the EU, Finland quitting the euro, the development of the EU into a federation).

Further questions relating to the European Union were asked, charting opinions on Finland’s EU membership and the currency change to the euro. The respondents were also asked whether the EMU membership and the euro were advantageous or disadvantageous to Finland in the economic situation at the time of the survey, and whether the respondents would have voted for or against Finland’s EU membership if a referendum had been held at the time of responding.

The respondents were also asked about the impacts they felt Donald Trump would have as the president of the USA. Lastly, the respondents were presented with a list of influencers of current society and asked whether they thought these influencers had too much, enough, or not enough power in Finland.

Background variables included the respondent’s gender, year of birth, region of residence (NUTS3), basic and vocational education, economic activity and occupational status, household size and composition, household gross income, working time, industry of employment, political party choice if parliamentary elections were held at the time of survey, membership in a trade union, self-perceived social class, and number of inhabitants in the municipality of residence.

1.3 Structure and collection of the data

Country:Finland

Geographic coverage:Finland

Analysis or observation unit type:Individual

Universe:People aged between 18 and 70 living in Finland, excluding the Åland Islands Collection date:11.1.2017 – 23.1.2017

Data collector(s):Taloustutkimus

Mode of data collection:Self-administered questionnaire: Web-based (CAWI) Type of research instrument:Structured questionnaire

Time period covered:2017

Time method of the data collection:Longitudinal: Trend/Repeated cross-section Response rate:19.4

Number of variables and cases:The data contain 172 variables and 2040 cases.

Sampling procedure:Probability: Multistage

The sample for this study was drawn from among the Taloustutkimus panel members, to be representative of the 18-70-year-old Finnish population (excluding the Åland Islands) in terms of age, gender, region of residence, education, and economic activity and occupational status.

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Reminder e-mails were sent four times to non-respondents and to persons who had completed only a part of the questionnaire. During data analysis at Taloustutkimus, the data were weighted to represent the Finnish population aged 18-70 in terms of age, gender, region of residence, education, economic activity and occupational status, industry of employment, and political party allegiance (which party would vote for in parliamentary elections)

The Internet panel of Taloustutkimus, randomly drawn from Finland’s population register, con- sists of citizens aged 15-79 who have entered their demographic and sociographic information when registering to the panel and have given their consent to Taloustutkimus to invite them to participate in various surveys. Answering any survey is voluntary and participants can leave the panel any time they want.

1.4 Use of data

Data appraisal

Frequencies of variables q3a_1 - q3b_6 describe how the respondents’ rated the importance of the issue on a scale from 1 to 6, for example common knowledge was ranked first x times, and ranked second y times etc.

Related publications

Alpimaa, Markku (2020) Talouspoliittiset asennemuutokset Suomessa vuosina 1984-2020 EVA:n arvo- ja asennetutkimusten valossa. Turku: Turun yliopisto. Sosiologian pro gradu -tutkielma.

http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi-fe20201223102803

Apunen, Matti & Haavisto, Ilkka & Iskanius, Annika & Toivonen, Sarianna (2017). Kumous kunnissa. EVAn Arvo- ja asennetutkimus 2017. EVA Raportti 1/2017. Helsinki: Taloustieto Oy.

Erola, Marko & Haavisto, Ilkka & Hokkanen, Eveliina & Kauhanen, Antti & Koskinen, Seppo

& Malm Lindberg, Henrik & Makkula, Janne & Vihriälä, Vesa (2018). Työn uudet ehdot raportti. Miten avaamme työmarkkinoiden umpisolmut? [verkkodokumentti]. Helsinki: Elinkei-

noelämän valtuuskunta. EVA Raportti. https://www.eva.fi/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/eva_raportti_tyon_uudet_ehdot.pdf [viitattu 29.6.2018].

Haavisto, Ilkka (2018). Kansa suosii perinteistä sosiaaliturvaa. Helsinki: Elinkeinoelämän valtuuskunta. https://www.eva.fi/blog/2018/09/27/kansa-suosii-perinteista-sosiaaliturvaa/ [viitattu 19.12.2018].

Haavisto, Ilkka & Heikkinen, Janne (2017): Työ ensin. Suomalaiset torjuvat anteliaan perustu-

lon. Helsinki: Elinkeinoelämän valtuuskunta. EVA Analyysi No. 10. https://www.eva.fi/blog/2017/07/27/eva- arvio-suomalaiset-torjuvat-anteliaan-perustulon/ [viitattu 19.12.2018].

Iskanius, Annika (2017). EVA Attitude and Value survey 2017. Finns worry about Russia, Trump and Brexit. Summary of Key Findings [online]. Helsinki: Finnish Business and Policy Forum EVA. http://www.eva.fi/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/summary.pdf [cited 11.5.2017].

Valaranta, Iida (2020). Suomalaisten asennoituminen kunnallisten palveluiden markkinoistu- miseen. Tampere: Tampereen yliopisto. Sosiaalipolitiikan pro gradu -tutkielma.URN:NBN:fi:tuni- 202001151314

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Updated list of publications in the study description at

https://services.fsd.uta.fi/catalogue/FSD3157?lang=en&study_language=en

Location of the data collection

Finnish Social Science Data Archive

Weighting

The data contain a weight variable that can be used to weight the data to represent the Finnish population aged 18-70 in terms of age, gender, region of residence, education, economic activity and occupational status, industry of employment, and political party allegiance (which party would vote for in parliamentary elections)

Restrictions

The dataset is (B) available for research, teaching and study.

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Variables

[FSD_NO] FSD study number

Question

FSD study number

Descriptive statistics

statistic value

number of valid cases 2040

minimum 3157.00

maximum 3157.00

mean 3157.00

standard deviation 0.00

[FSD_VR] FSD edition number

Question

FSD edition number

statistic value

minimum 2.00

maximum 2.00

mean 2.00

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[FSD_ID] FSD case id

Question FSD case id

statistic value

minimum 1.00

maximum 2040.00

mean 1020.50

[Q1A_1] No political party promotes issues that are important to me

Question

No political party promotes issues that are important to me

Frequencies

label value n % v. %

Completely agree 1 189 9.3 9.3

Agree to some extent 2 581 28.5 28.5

Difficult to say 3 413 20.2 20.2

Disagree to some extent 4 688 33.7 33.7

Completely disagree 5 169 8.3 8.3

2040 100.0 100.0

[Q1A_2] Finland is too far involved in globalisation, and our country should steer back to a more national economy and politics

Question

Finland is too far involved in globalisation, and our country should steer back to a more national economy and politics

Frequencies

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2040 100.0 100.0

[Q1A_3] The decrease and ageing of our nation’s population require that immigration to Finland be made easier

Question

The decrease and ageing of our nation’s population require that immigration to Finland be made easier

Frequencies

2040 100.0 100.0

[Q1A_4] Investment in education must be substantially increased in our country, even if it meant reducing allocations in some other field

Question

Investment in education must be substantially increased in our country, even if it meant reducing allocations in some other field

Frequencies

(continued on next page)

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(cont. from previous page)

2040 100.0 100.0

[Q1A_5] It is good that public social and health care system will become option-based, and individual citizens can choose their own service provider

Question

It is good that public social and health care system will become option-based, and individual citizens can choose their own service provider

Frequencies

2040 100.0 100.0

[Q1A_6] It is always worth voting, even though ordinary citizens cannot influence politics very much

Question

It is always worth voting, even though ordinary citizens cannot influence politics very much

Frequencies

2040 100.0 100.0

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[Q1A_7] In Finland, one must accept that their wage might be so low that they need social welfare to get by sufficiently

Question

In Finland, one must accept that their wage might be so low that they need social welfare to get by sufficiently

Frequencies

2040 100.0 100.0

[Q1A_8] Finland has the best basic education in the world

Question

Finland has the best basic education in the world

Frequencies

2040 100.0 100.0

[Q1A_9] A lot more advisory (non-binding) referendums should be held on municipal issues

Question

A lot more advisory (non-binding) referendums should be held on municipal issues

Frequencies

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2040 100.0 100.0

[Q1A_10] Income disparity between different population groups has grown too large in our country

Question

Income disparity between different population groups has grown too large in our country

Frequencies

2040 100.0 100.0

[Q1A_11] Our nation needs strong leaders who are capable of returning discipline and order into our society and respect for the right values

Question

Our nation needs strong leaders who are capable of returning discipline and order into our society and respect for the right values

Frequencies

2040 100.0 100.0

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[Q1A_12] Economic growth is a prerequisite for sustained welfare for the people

Question

Economic growth is a prerequisite for sustained welfare for the people

Frequencies

2040 100.0 100.0

[Q1A_13] All of society would benefit from it if Finnish people’s attitudes were more positive towards entrepreneurship

Question

All of society would benefit from it if Finnish people’s attitudes were more positive towards entrepreneurship

Frequencies

2040 100.0 100.0

[Q1A_14] The elite in our society only pursue their own selfish ends and do not care about the common Finns’ living circumstances

Question

The elite in our society only pursue their own selfish ends and do not care about the common Finns’ living circumstances

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Frequencies

2040 100.0 100.0

[Q1A_15] What is essential in public services is their availability to all citi- zens, not who provides them

Question

What is essential in public services is their availability to all citizens, not who provides them

Frequencies

2040 100.0 100.0

[Q1A_16] Parents could take more part in teaching in schools

Question

Parents could take more part in teaching in schools

Frequencies

2040 100.0 100.0

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[Q1A_17] Comprehensive social security schemes and the extensive safety net of the welfare state make people lazy and unenterprising

Question

Comprehensive social security schemes and the extensive safety net of the welfare state make people lazy and unenterprising

Frequencies

2040 100.0 100.0

[Q1A_18] Personally, I would be glad to pay more taxes than I do at the moment

Question

Personally, I would be glad to pay more taxes than I do at the moment

Frequencies

2040 100.0 100.0

[Q1B_1] All Finns have a duty to work for the common good

Question

All Finns have a duty to work for the common good

Frequencies

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2040 100.0 100.0

[Q1B_2] I feel very alienated from the local government and decision mak- ing in my municipality

Question

I feel very alienated from the local government and decision making in my municipality

Frequencies

2040 100.0 100.0

[Q1B_3] Even though Finland has to bear its share of the responsibility of refugees from war and persecution, the current level of migration to Finland is too much

Question

Even though Finland has to bear its share of the responsibility of refugees from war and persecution, the current level of migration to Finland is too much

Frequencies

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2040 100.0 100.0

[Q1B_4] Due to globalisation, countries with cheap labour increasingly steal jobs from Finland

Question

Due to globalisation, countries with cheap labour increasingly steal jobs from Finland

Frequencies

2040 100.0 100.0

[Q1B_5] Instead of constantly raising taxes, the efficiency of the public sec- tor should be improved

Question

Instead of constantly raising taxes, the efficiency of the public sector should be improved

Frequencies

2040 100.0 100.0

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[Q1B_6] It is irrelevant whether schooling services are provided by the mu- nicipality, third sector, or corporations, as long as quality and equality of education are maintained

Question

It is irrelevant whether schooling services are provided by the municipality, third sector, or corporations, as long as quality and equality of education are maintained

Frequencies

2040 100.0 100.0

[Q1B_7] The actions and policies of Russia in international politics are le- gitimate and deserve the support of Finns

Question

The actions and policies of Russia in international politics are legitimate and deserve the support of Finns

Frequencies

2040 100.0 100.0

[Q1B_8] Municipalities have taken on way too many tasks and responsi- bilites

Question

Municipalities have taken on way too many tasks and responsibilites

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Frequencies

2040 100.0 100.0

[Q1B_9] Political parties are drifting further and further away from the problems of ordinary citizens

Question

Political parties are drifting further and further away from the problems of ordinary citizens

Frequencies

2040 100.0 100.0

[Q1B_10] Finnish schools should focus more on developing excellence, even if it means reducing the role of general knowledge in education

Question

Finnish schools should focus more on developing excellence, even if it means reducing the role of general knowledge in education

Frequencies

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2040 100.0 100.0

[Q1B_11] Municipal services will improve if they are exposed to competi- tion with corporations and third sector service providers

Question

Municipal services will improve if they are exposed to competition with corporations and third sector service providers

Frequencies

2040 100.0 100.0

[Q1B_12] I am interested in politics and follow it actively

Question

I am interested in politics and follow it actively

Frequencies

2040 100.0 100.0

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[Q1B_13] It is fair that top professionals are significantly better paid than others, even if it increases income disparity

Question

It is fair that top professionals are significantly better paid than others, even if it increases income disparity

Frequencies

2040 100.0 100.0

[Q1B_14] Differences between schools (e.g. learning outcomes, school com- fort) should be reported, and these reports made public knowledge avail- able for all

Question

Differences between schools (e.g. learning outcomes, school comfort) should be reported, and these reports made public knowledge available for all

Frequencies

2040 100.0 100.0

[Q1B_15] Globalisation of international economy will increase global wel- fare

Question

Globalisation of international economy will increase global welfare

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Frequencies

2040 100.0 100.0

[Q1B_16] Finnish society has succumbed too much to market forces

Question

Finnish society has succumbed too much to market forces

Frequencies

2040 100.0 100.0

[Q1B_17] Finland should join NATO

Question

Finland should join NATO

Frequencies

2040 100.0 100.0

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[Q1C_1] A possible universal basic income would have to be sufficiently high so that it would be possible to live off of it even if it meant increased taxation

Question

A possible universal basic income would have to be sufficiently high so that it would be possible to live off of it even if it meant increased taxation

Frequencies

2040 100.0 100.0

[Q1C_2] As social and health care services are provided by autonomous regions in the future it would be fair that these regions also decidedd on the amount of taxes needed to finance the services

Question

As social and health care services are provided by autonomous regions in the future it would be fair that these regions also decidedd on the amount of taxes needed to finance the services

Frequencies

2040 100.0 100.0

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[Q1C_3] Basic education in its current form is a remnant from the past, and instead of gradual improvement the whole system should be reformed

Question

Basic education in its current form is a remnant from the past, and instead of gradual improvement the whole system should be reformed

Frequencies

2040 100.0 100.0

[Q1C_4] Social security benefits have become acquired rights that are used even by people who would not need them

Question

Social security benefits have become acquired rights that are used even by people who would not need them

Frequencies

2040 100.0 100.0

[Q1C_5] My home municipality should move to a system where municipal manager or mayor is directly elected by the citizens

Question

My home municipality should move to a system where municipal manager or mayor is directly elected by the citizens

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Frequencies

2040 100.0 100.0

[Q1C_6] Although the EU has its problems, it is nevertheless the only power that can lead and control the development of Europe

Question

Although the EU has its problems, it is nevertheless the only power that can lead and control the development of Europe

Frequencies

2040 100.0 100.0

[Q1C_7] Possibility of choosing one’s school is a bad thing, because it leads to a division into good and poor schools

Question

Possibility of choosing one’s school is a bad thing, because it leads to a division into good and poor schools

Frequencies

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2040 100.0 100.0

[Q1C_8] Finland should remain outside NATO, even if Sweden joined it

Question

Finland should remain outside NATO, even if Sweden joined it

Frequencies

2040 100.0 100.0

[Q1C_9] Currently, there is not much room for enhancement in municipal service provision

Question

Currently, there is not much room for enhancement in municipal service provision

Frequencies

2040 100.0 100.0

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[Q1C_10] There should be special schools for very talented students

Question

There should be special schools for very talented students

Frequencies

2040 100.0 100.0

[Q1C_11] The actions and policies of the United States in international pol- itics are legitimate and deserve the support of Finns

Question

The actions and policies of the United States in international politics are legitimate and deserve the support of Finns

Frequencies

2040 100.0 100.0

[Q1C_12] Teachers should be given more power to keep order in the class- room

Question

Teachers should be given more power to keep order in the classroom

Frequencies

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2040 100.0 100.0

[Q1C_13] EU membership obliges Finns to comply with many norms and regulations which we neither want nor need

Question

EU membership obliges Finns to comply with many norms and regulations which we neither want nor need

Frequencies

2040 100.0 100.0

[Q1C_14] The Finnish education system mostly produces average people who lack creativity and initiative

Question

The Finnish education system mostly produces average people who lack creativity and initiative

Frequencies

2040 100.0 100.0

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[Q1C_15] The ethics of politics are unnecessarily criticised because most of our politicians are honest and conscientious

Question

The ethics of politics are unnecessarily criticised because most of our politicians are honest and conscientious

Frequencies

2040 100.0 100.0

[Q1C_16] It is in the best interest of citizens that municipalities provide most of their services on their own and only complement these with services from outside sources

Question

It is in the best interest of citizens that municipalities provide most of their services on their own and only complement these with services from outside sources

Frequencies

2040 100.0 100.0

[Q1C_17] Ability grouping should be reintroduced in basic education, so every student could progress at their own pace

Question

Ability grouping should be reintroduced in basic education, so every student could progress at their own pace

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Frequencies

2040 100.0 100.0

[Q1C_18] A common defence policy for the EU is a utopian plan, because the EU has no real military power without the USA

Question

A common defence policy for the EU is a utopian plan, because the EU has no real military power without the USA

Frequencies

2040 100.0 100.0

[Q1D_1] Students should be able to choose their primary and secondary school regardless of municipality or school district

Question

Students should be able to choose their primary and secondary school regardless of municipality or school district

Frequencies

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2040 100.0 100.0

[Q1D_2] Income disparity is dangerous because someone’s gain is always, in one way or another, someone else’s loss

Question

Income disparity is dangerous because someone’s gain is always, in one way or another, someone else’s loss

Frequencies

2040 100.0 100.0

[Q1D_3] Decision making units in municipalities have too many municipal employees as members, who decide on their own and each other’s issues

Question

Decision making units in municipalities have too many municipal employees as members, who decide on their own and each other’s issues

Frequencies

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2040 100.0 100.0

[Q1D_4] Corporations should have no role in developing schools

Question

Corporations should have no role in developing schools

Frequencies

2040 100.0 100.0

[Q1D_5] In all circumstances, Finns should have the right to a minimum income guaranteed by society

Question

In all circumstances, Finns should have the right to a minimum income guaranteed by society

Frequencies

2040 100.0 100.0

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[Q1D_6] Entrepreneurship is so costly and risky in Finland that one has to be ’crazy’ to found a business instead of being employed

Question

Entrepreneurship is so costly and risky in Finland that one has to be ’crazy’ to found a business instead of being employed

Frequencies

2040 100.0 100.0

[Q1D_7] Most of our country’s public services should be privatised in order to improve the efficiency of service provision

Question

Most of our country’s public services should be privatised in order to improve the efficiency of service provision

Frequencies

2040 100.0 100.0

[Q1D_8] In Finland, the interests of employees and employers are largely convergent

Question

In Finland, the interests of employees and employers are largely convergent

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Frequencies

2040 100.0 100.0

[Q1D_9] Public welfare services and social security benefits should be pri- oritised to those who need them most and are the most disadvantaged

Question

Public welfare services and social security benefits should be prioritised to those who need them most and are the most disadvantaged

Frequencies

2040 100.0 100.0

[Q1D_10] Finnish society is being steered too much by blind market forces and a selfish pursuit of profits

Question

Finnish society is being steered too much by blind market forces and a selfish pursuit of profits

Frequencies

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2040 100.0 100.0

[Q1D_11] I support universal basic income provided that the monetary ex- tent of the UBI is sufficiently low so that the receivers of UBI will also have to work

Question

I support universal basic income provided that the monetary extent of the UBI is sufficiently low so that the receivers of UBI will also have to work

Frequencies

2040 100.0 100.0

[Q1D_12] It is a good thing that public health care will be provided by autonomous regions instead of municipalities

Question

It is a good thing that public health care will be provided by autonomous regions instead of municipalities

Frequencies

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2040 100.0 100.0

[Q1D_13] Numerical evaluation should be reintroduced in all grades of the primary school (1-6)

Question

Numerical evaluation should be reintroduced in all grades of the primary school (1-6)

Frequencies

2040 100.0 100.0

[Q1D_14] Even though Russia has its own problems, Finns have no reason to take a negative attitude to this big neighbour

Question

Even though Russia has its own problems, Finns have no reason to take a negative attitude to this big neighbour

Frequencies

2040 100.0 100.0

(43)

[Q1D_15] If taxes were lowered, I would be willing to give up some of the services I receive from the state and municipalities

Question

If taxes were lowered, I would be willing to give up some of the services I receive from the state and municipalities

Frequencies

2040 100.0 100.0

[Q2_1] How should the tasks below be divided in the municipalities? Chil- dren’s day care

Question

How should the tasks below be divided in the municipalities? Children’s day care

Frequencies

Should be done by the municipality 1 439 21.5 21.5

Should be done in co-operation 2 1438 70.5 70.5

Should be privatized completely 3 46 2.3 2.3

Can’t say 4 117 5.7 5.7

2040 100.0 100.0

[Q2_2] How should the tasks below be divided in the municipalities? Build- ing infrastructures (roads, public buildings etc.)

Question

How should the tasks below be divided in the municipalities? Building infrastructures (roads, public buildings etc.)

Frequencies

(44)

Can’t say 4 64 3.1 3.1

2040 100.0 100.0

[Q2_3] How should the tasks below be divided in the municipalities? Em- ployment services (e.g. providing rehabilitating work)

Question

How should the tasks below be divided in the municipalities? Employment services (e.g. providing rehabilitating work)

Frequencies

Can’t say 4 115 5.6 5.6

2040 100.0 100.0

[Q2_4] How should the tasks below be divided in the municipalities? Main- tenance of public sport and recreational areas (swimming pools, sports fields etc.)

Question

How should the tasks below be divided in the municipalities? Maintenance of public sport and recreational areas (swimming pools, sports fields etc.)

Frequencies

Can’t say 4 80 3.9 3.9

2040 100.0 100.0

(45)

[Q2_5] How should the tasks below be divided in the municipalities? Own- ership of real estate used by municipality.

Question

How should the tasks below be divided in the municipalities? Ownership of real estate used by municipality.

Frequencies

Can’t say 4 149 7.3 7.3

2040 100.0 100.0

[Q2_6] How should the tasks below be divided in the municipalities? Road and street maintenance

Question

How should the tasks below be divided in the municipalities? Road and street maintenance

Frequencies

Can’t say 4 59 2.9 2.9

2040 100.0 100.0

[Q2_7] How should the tasks below be divided in the municipalities? Main- tenance of museums and cultural locations

Question

How should the tasks below be divided in the municipalities? Maintenance of museums and cultural locations

Frequencies

(46)

Can’t say 4 89 4.4 4.4

2040 100.0 100.0

[Q2_8] How should the tasks below be divided in the municipalities? Pro- vision of school services

Question

How should the tasks below be divided in the municipalities? Provision of school services

Frequencies

Can’t say 4 59 2.9 2.9

2040 100.0 100.0

[Q2_9] How should the tasks below be divided in the municipalities? De- ciding on land use

Question

How should the tasks below be divided in the municipalities? Deciding on land use

Frequencies

Can’t say 4 128 6.3 6.3

2040 100.0 100.0

(47)

[Q2_10] How should the tasks below be divided in the municipalities? Pro- vision of library services

Question

How should the tasks below be divided in the municipalities? Provision of library services

Frequencies

Can’t say 4 77 3.8 3.8

2040 100.0 100.0

[Q3A_1] How important do you consider teaching the following to children in basic education (on a scale from 1 to 6 where 1 is most important and 6 is least important)? General knowledge

Question

How important do you consider teaching the following to children in basic education (on a scale from 1 to 6 where 1 is most important and 6 is least important)? General knowledge

Frequencies

Mentioned first 1 1016 49.8 51.2

Mentioned second 2 331 16.2 16.7

Mentioned third 3 234 11.5 11.8

Mentioned fourth 4 171 8.4 8.6

Mentioned fifth 5 109 5.3 5.5

Mentioned sixth 6 124 6.1 6.2

System missing (SYSMIS) . 55 2.7 –

2040 100.0 100.0

(48)

[Q3A_2] How important do you consider teaching the following to children in basic education (on a scale from 1 to 6 where 1 is most important and 6 is least important)? Diligence and the importance of work

Question

How important do you consider teaching the following to children in basic education (on a scale from 1 to 6 where 1 is most important and 6 is least important)? Diligence and the importance of work

Frequencies

2040 100.0 100.0

[Q3A_3] How important do you consider teaching the following to children in basic education (on a scale from 1 to 6 where 1 is most important and 6 is least important)? Information retrieval and processing

Question

How important do you consider teaching the following to children in basic education (on a scale from 1 to 6 where 1 is most important and 6 is least important)? Information retrieval and processing

Frequencies

(49)

2040 100.0 100.0

[Q3A_4] How important do you consider teaching the following to children in basic education (on a scale from 1 to 6 where 1 is most important and 6 is least important)? Flexible and enthusiastic attitude

Question

How important do you consider teaching the following to children in basic education (on a scale from 1 to 6 where 1 is most important and 6 is least important)? Flexible and enthusiastic attitude

Frequencies

2040 100.0 100.0

[Q3A_5] How important do you consider teaching the following to children in basic education (on a scale from 1 to 6 where 1 is most important and 6 is least important)? Future work-related skills (e.g. entrepreneurship, in- ternationalism)

Question

How important do you consider teaching the following to children in basic education (on a scale from 1 to 6 where 1 is most important and 6 is least important)? Future work-related skills (e.g.

entrepreneurship, internationalism)

Frequencies

(50)

2040 100.0 100.0

[Q3A_6] How important do you consider teaching the following to children in basic education (on a scale from 1 to 6 where 1 is most important and 6 is least important)? Finding a field that interests oneself

Question

How important do you consider teaching the following to children in basic education (on a scale from 1 to 6 where 1 is most important and 6 is least important)? Finding a field that interests oneself

Frequencies

2040 100.0 100.0

[Q3B_1] If teaching new skills in basic education is to be increased, which subjects currently taught could be cut back on (on a scale from 1 to 6 where 1 is the best solution and 6 is the worst)? No cut-backs, more classes should be introduced

Question

If teaching new skills in basic education is to be increased, which subjects currently taught could be cut back on (on a scale from 1 to 6 where 1 is the best solution and 6 is the worst)? No

(51)

cut-backs, more classes should be introduced

Frequencies

2040 100.0 100.0

[Q3B_2] If teaching new skills in basic education is to be increased, which subjects currently taught could be cut back on (on a scale from 1 to 6 where 1 is the best solution and 6 is the worst)? Subjects dealing with general knowledge (history, biology)

Question

If teaching new skills in basic education is to be increased, which subjects currently taught could be cut back on (on a scale from 1 to 6 where 1 is the best solution and 6 is the worst)?

Subjects dealing with general knowledge (history, biology)

Frequencies

2040 100.0 100.0

(52)

[Q3B_3] If teaching new skills in basic education is to be increased, which subjects currently taught could be cut back on (on a scale from 1 to 6 where 1 is the best solution and 6 is the worst)? Languages

Question

Languages

Frequencies

2040 100.0 100.0

[Q3B_4] If teaching new skills in basic education is to be increased, which subjects currently taught could be cut back on (on a scale from 1 to 6 where 1 is the best solution and 6 is the worst)? Arts

Question

Arts

Frequencies

(53)

2040 100.0 100.0

[Q3B_5] If teaching new skills in basic education is to be increased, which subjects currently taught could be cut back on (on a scale from 1 to 6 where 1 is the best solution and 6 is the worst)? Handicraft

Question

Handicraft

Frequencies

2040 100.0 100.0

[Q3B_6] If teaching new skills in basic education is to be increased, which subjects currently taught could be cut back on (on a scale from 1 to 6 where 1 is the best solution and 6 is the worst)? Physical education

Question

Physical education

Frequencies

(54)

2040 100.0 100.0

[Q4A] How important an issue would you say the municipal tax rate in your municipality is to you?

Question

How important an issue would you say the municipal tax rate in your municipality is to you?

Frequencies

Very important 1 234 11.5 11.5

Quite important 2 723 35.4 35.4

Not very important 4 619 30.3 30.3

Not at all important 5 131 6.4 6.4

2040 100.0 100.0

[Q4B] What is your opinion on the municipal tax rate in your municipal- ity if you consider the services provided by the municipality (quantity and quality of services)?

Question

What is your opinion on the municipal tax rate in your municipality if you consider the services provided by the municipality (quantity and quality of services)?

Frequencies

Very high 1 119 5.8 5.8

Quite high 2 505 24.8 24.8

(55)

Appropriate 3 1062 52.1 52.1

Quite low 4 81 4.0 4.0

Very low 5 21 1.0 1.0

Can’t say 6 252 12.4 12.4

2040 100.0 100.0

[Q4C] Social and health care reform will remove some tasks from the mu- nicipalities as well as the corresponding tax income. Please assess the de- velopment of municipal tax in your municipality in the future.

Question

Social and health care reform will remove some tasks from the municipalities as well as the corresponding tax income. Please assess the development of municipal tax in your municipality in the future.

Frequencies

Will increase considerably 1 231 11.3 11.3

Will increase slightly 2 676 33.1 33.1

Will stay the same 3 392 19.2 19.2

Will decrease slightly 4 188 9.2 9.2

Will decrease considerably 5 69 3.4 3.4

Can’t say 6 484 23.7 23.7

2040 100.0 100.0

[Q5] Have your own attitudes toward migration to Finland become more favourable or critical due to the recent European refugee crisis?

Question

Have your own attitudes toward migration to Finland become more favourable or critical due to the recent European refugee crisis?

Frequencies

Much more favourable 1 74 3.6 3.6

(56)

Somewhat more favourable 2 170 8.3 8.3

There has been no change 3 683 33.5 33.5

Somewhat more critical 4 525 25.7 25.7

Much more critical 5 562 27.5 27.5

Can’t say 6 26 1.3 1.3

2040 100.0 100.0

[Q6A] How important is it for you to live in a democratically-governed country?

Question

How important is it for you to live in a democratically-governed country?

Frequencies

(not at all important) 1 12 0.6 0.6

3 11 0.5 0.5

4 11 0.5 0.5

5 38 1.9 1.9

6 27 1.3 1.3

7 53 2.6 2.6

8 167 8.2 8.2

9 353 17.3 17.3

(extremely important) 10 1368 67.1 67.1

2040 100.0 100.0

[Q6B] And how democratically is Finland being governed currently?

Question

And how democratically is Finland being governed currently?

Frequencies

(not at all democratically) 1 56 2.7 2.7

2 71 3.5 3.5

(57)

3 115 5.6 5.6

4 122 6.0 6.0

5 149 7.3 7.3

6 262 12.8 12.8

7 373 18.3 18.3

8 476 23.3 23.3

9 299 14.7 14.7

(completely democratically) 10 117 5.7 5.7

2040 100.0 100.0

[Q6C_1] What would be your opinion on the following systems of governing Finland: A strong leader who does not have to care about the Parliament or elections

Question

What would be your opinion on the following systems of governing Finland: A strong leader who does not have to care about the Parliament or elections

Frequencies

A very good system 1 31 1.5 1.5

A fairly good system 2 205 10.0 10.0

Quite a poor system 3 382 18.7 18.7

A very poor system 4 1367 67.0 67.0

Can’t say 5 55 2.7 2.7

2040 100.0 100.0

[Q6C_2] What would be your opinion on the following systems of governing Finland: Experts, not the government, make decisions according to what they think is best for the country

Question

What would be your opinion on the following systems of governing Finland: Experts, not the government, make decisions according to what they think is best for the country

Frequencies

FSD3157. EVA Survey on Finnish Values and Attitudes Codebook

EVA Survey on Finnish Values and Attitudes 2017

Codebook

F INNISH S OCIAL S CIENCE D ATA A RCHIVE

Study description

1.1 Titles

1.2 Subject description

Authoring entity

Copyright statement for the data

Depositor

Date of deposit

Keywords

Topic Classification

Series description

Abstract

1.3 Structure and collection of the data

1.4 Use of data

Data appraisal

Related publications

Location of the data collection

Weighting

Restrictions

Variables

[FSD_NO] FSD study number

[FSD_VR] FSD edition number

[FSD_ID] FSD case id

[Q1A_1] No political party promotes issues that are important to me

[Q1A_2] Finland is too far involved in globalisation, and our country should steer back to a more national economy and politics

[Q1A_3] The decrease and ageing of our nation’s population require that immigration to Finland be made easier

[Q1A_4] Investment in education must be substantially increased in our country, even if it meant reducing allocations in some other field

[Q1A_5] It is good that public social and health care system will become option-based, and individual citizens can choose their own service provider

[Q1A_6] It is always worth voting, even though ordinary citizens cannot influence politics very much

[Q1A_7] In Finland, one must accept that their wage might be so low that they need social welfare to get by sufficiently

[Q1A_8] Finland has the best basic education in the world

[Q1A_9] A lot more advisory (non-binding) referendums should be held on municipal issues

[Q1A_10] Income disparity between different population groups has grown too large in our country

[Q1A_11] Our nation needs strong leaders who are capable of returning discipline and order into our society and respect for the right values

[Q1A_12] Economic growth is a prerequisite for sustained welfare for the people

[Q1A_13] All of society would benefit from it if Finnish people’s attitudes were more positive towards entrepreneurship

[Q1A_14] The elite in our society only pursue their own selfish ends and do not care about the common Finns’ living circumstances

[Q1A_15] What is essential in public services is their availability to all citi- zens, not who provides them

[Q1A_16] Parents could take more part in teaching in schools

[Q1A_17] Comprehensive social security schemes and the extensive safety net of the welfare state make people lazy and unenterprising

[Q1A_18] Personally, I would be glad to pay more taxes than I do at the moment

[Q1B_1] All Finns have a duty to work for the common good

[Q1B_2] I feel very alienated from the local government and decision mak- ing in my municipality

[Q1B_3] Even though Finland has to bear its share of the responsibility of refugees from war and persecution, the current level of migration to Finland is too much

[Q1B_4] Due to globalisation, countries with cheap labour increasingly steal jobs from Finland

[Q1B_5] Instead of constantly raising taxes, the efficiency of the public sec- tor should be improved

[Q1B_6] It is irrelevant whether schooling services are provided by the mu- nicipality, third sector, or corporations, as long as quality and equality of education are maintained

[Q1B_7] The actions and policies of Russia in international politics are le- gitimate and deserve the support of Finns

[Q1B_8] Municipalities have taken on way too many tasks and responsi- bilites

[Q1B_9] Political parties are drifting further and further away from the problems of ordinary citizens

[Q1B_10] Finnish schools should focus more on developing excellence, even if it means reducing the role of general knowledge in education

[Q1B_11] Municipal services will improve if they are exposed to competi- tion with corporations and third sector service providers

[Q1B_12] I am interested in politics and follow it actively

[Q1B_13] It is fair that top professionals are significantly better paid than others, even if it increases income disparity

[Q1B_14] Differences between schools (e.g. learning outcomes, school com- fort) should be reported, and these reports made public knowledge avail- able for all

[Q1B_15] Globalisation of international economy will increase global wel- fare

[Q1B_16] Finnish society has succumbed too much to market forces

[Q1B_17] Finland should join NATO

[Q1C_1] A possible universal basic income would have to be sufficiently high so that it would be possible to live off of it even if it meant increased taxation

[Q1C_2] As social and health care services are provided by autonomous regions in the future it would be fair that these regions also decidedd on the amount of taxes needed to finance the services

[Q1C_3] Basic education in its current form is a remnant from the past, and instead of gradual improvement the whole system should be reformed

[Q1C_4] Social security benefits have become acquired rights that are used even by people who would not need them

[Q1C_5] My home municipality should move to a system where municipal manager or mayor is directly elected by the citizens

[Q1C_6] Although the EU has its problems, it is nevertheless the only power that can lead and control the development of Europe

[Q1C_7] Possibility of choosing one’s school is a bad thing, because it leads to a division into good and poor schools

[Q1C_8] Finland should remain outside NATO, even if Sweden joined it

[Q1C_9] Currently, there is not much room for enhancement in municipal service provision

[Q1C_10] There should be special schools for very talented students

[Q1C_11] The actions and policies of the United States in international pol- itics are legitimate and deserve the support of Finns

[Q1C_12] Teachers should be given more power to keep order in the class- room

[Q1C_13] EU membership obliges Finns to comply with many norms and regulations which we neither want nor need

[Q1C_14] The Finnish education system mostly produces average people who lack creativity and initiative

[Q1C_15] The ethics of politics are unnecessarily criticised because most of our politicians are honest and conscientious

[Q1C_16] It is in the best interest of citizens that municipalities provide most of their services on their own and only complement these with services from outside sources

[Q1C_17] Ability grouping should be reintroduced in basic education, so every student could progress at their own pace

[Q1C_18] A common defence policy for the EU is a utopian plan, because the EU has no real military power without the USA

[Q1D_1] Students should be able to choose their primary and secondary school regardless of municipality or school district

F ÎNNISH S ÔCIAL S ^CIENCE D ÂTA A ^RCHIVE