Original Research Article

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Salāmat-i ijtim (Community Health) ISSN 2423-4702; Vol. 8 No.3; 2021 http://journals.sbmu.ac.ir/ch

Original Research Article

The Effectiveness of Skills Training based on Dialectical Behavior Therapy on Fear of Negative Evaluation and Communication Skills among Adolescents with

Social Anxiety Disorder

Rozita Astaneh¹ , Bahram Mirzaian^2* , Ramazan Hassanzadeh³

1. Ph.D. Student of Department of General Psychology, Sari Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sari, Iran.

2. Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, Sari Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sari, Iran.

3. Professor, Department of Psychology, Sari Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sari, Iran.

*Corresponding Author: Bahram Mirzaian, Department of Psychology, Sari Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sari, Iran.

Email: [email protected]

Received: 2 September 2020 Accepted: 23 September 2020 Published: 11 July 2021 How to cite this article:

Astaneh R, Mirzaian B, Hassanzadeh R. The Effectiveness of Skills Training based on Dialectical Behavior Therapy on Fear of Negative Evaluation and Communication Skills among Adolescents with Social Anxiety Disorder. Salamat Ijtimai (Community Health). 2021; 8(3):359-370. DOI: http://doi.org/10.22037/ch.v8i1.31227.

Abstract

Background and Objective: One of the significant problems that has a deterrent effect on individuals' efficiency and dynamism and prevents the flourishing of their talents and intellectual and emotional powers is social anxiety and the inability of social communication. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of skills training based on dialectical behavior therapy on the fear of negative evaluation and communication skills among adolescents with social anxiety disorder.

Materials and Methods: This study was of quasi-experimental design with pre-test, post-test, and a control group. Statistical population consisted of adolescents aged 12 to 18 years with a social anxiety disorder referred to counseling centers in District 6 of Tehran during 2019 years. Sixty subjects who met the study's criteria were selected by the convenience sampling method and were randomly divided into two groups of 30 experimental and control. The experimental group received dialectical behavior therapy-based skills training in twelve 120-minute sessions. The Fear of Negative Assessment Scale and the Communication Skills Scale were administered for both groups before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 22 through a covariance analysis.

Results: The mean (SD) fear of negative evaluation of the experimental group in the pre-test was 19.8 (5.2), which decreased to 16.9 (3.9) in the post-test (P<0.001). However, the mean (SD) score of the control group in the pre-test was 20.7 (4.9), which reached 20.1 (4.7) in the post-test and was not statistically significant.

The mean (SD) score of the communication skills of the experimental group in the pre-test was 88.1 (20.3), which increased to 115.1 (20.3) in the post-test (P<0.001). However, the mean (SD) score of the control group in the pre-test was 93.1 (19.5), which reached 88.2 (20.5) in the post-test, but the difference was not statistically significant.

Conclusion: The study showed that dialectical behavior therapy-based skills training effectively reduced the fear of negative evaluation and increases adolescents' communication skills with a social anxiety disorder.

Keywords: Dialectical Behavior Therapy; Fear of Negative Evaluation; Communication Skills; Social Anxiety Disorder.

Introduction

Social anxiety is a common debilitating disorder with a significant impact on patients' quality of life (1). Various models have been developed to identify the effective factors in the occurrence and persistence of this disorder. Dialectical behavior therapy is a

practical treatment approach for people with severe emotion regulation problems (2).

Despite considerable research on the effectiveness of dialectical behavior therapy, there is a relative lack of practical, principled information to assist therapists in case formulation and treatment from a dialectical

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Effectiveness of Skills Training based on … Rozita Astaneh and et al. 360

behavior therapy perspective (3). There is a positive relationship between the effects of social value and social isolation (4). There is evidence that group dialectical behavior therapy is effective on adolescent aggression (5). This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of skills training based on dialectical behavior therapy on the fear of negative evaluation and communication skills among adolescents with social anxiety disorder.

Materials and methods

This study was of quasi-experimental design with pre-test, post-test, and a control group.

The statistical population consisted of adolescents aged 12 to 18 years with a social anxiety disorder referred to counseling centers in District 6 of Tehran in 2019. Sixty subjects who met the study's criteria were selected by the convenience sampling method and randomly divided into groups of 30 experimental and control. The experimental group received dialectical behavior therapy- based skills training in twelve 120-minute sessions. The Fear of Negative Assessment Scale (6), Communication Skills Scale (7), and the Social Phobia Inventory (8) were administered for both groups before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 22 through a covariance analysis.

Results

The mean (SD) fear of negative evaluation of the experimental group in the pre-test was 19.8 (5.2), which decreased to 16.9 (3.9) in the post-test (P<0.001). However, the mean (SD) score of the control group in the pre-test was 20.7 (4.9), which reached 20.1 (4.7) in the post-test and was not statistically significant. The mean (SD) score of the communication skills of the experimental group in the pre-test was 88.1 (20.3), which increased to 115.1 (20.3) in the post-test (P<0.001). However, the mean (SD) score of the control group in the pre-test was 93.1 (19.5), which reached 88.2 (20.5) in the post-

test, but the difference was not statistically significant.

Discussion

The study showed that dialectical behavior therapy was influential on the fear of negative evaluation and communication skills among adolescents with social anxiety disorder.

Dialectical behavior therapy reduced the fear of negative evaluation, which was in line with another study (9). During dialectical behavior therapy, people with social anxiety disorder observe their mood and its physiological, mental, behavioral, and emotional consequences through behavioral and self- observation exercises (2). Skills training based on dialectical behavior therapy increased adolescents' communication skills with social anxiety disorder, which was consistent with another study (8). Observing anxiety-related thoughts without judgment may lead to the understanding that these are

"thoughts only" and do not represent reality or truth, and should not necessarily lead to escape or avoidance behavior (3).

Conclusion

The study showed that dialectical behavior therapy-based skills training effectively reduced the fear of negative evaluation and increased adolescents' communication skills with a social anxiety disorder.

Acknowledgment

Authors would like to thank all participants of the study.

Conflict of Interest

None of the authors has any conflict of interest to disclose.

Ethical publication statement

We confirm that we have read the Journal's position on issues involved in ethical publication and affirm that this report is consistent with those guidelines.

Ethical code: IR.IAU.SARI.REC.1399.061.

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[Full text in Persian]

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Development and validation of new anxiety and bipolar symptom scales for an expanded version of the IDAS (the IDAS-II). Assessment. 2012;19(4):399-420.

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Effectiveness of Skills Training based on … Rozita Astaneh and et al. 362

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بت 370

http://journals.sbmu.ac.ir/ch

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363 ٖػبوتخا تهلاؾ ِلده

ُضٍز نتكّ

ُضبوق ، 3 ، ىبتؿثبت 1400

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

ٍمذقم ةاطغضا

،ٖػبوتخا هٗ

للاتذا غٗبق

ٍ ىاَتبً

ُسٌٌو تؾا

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ْٖخَت طث ت٘ف٘و

ٖگسًظ ىبٗلاتجه

ِث يٗا للاتذا زضاز

( 1 .) ىاطگكٍّػپ سًا ِتفبٗضز

ٕزاطفا

ِو ضز ىاضٍز

ًٖاَخًَ

زاسؼت

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تلالاتذا

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ِثطدت

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ٕسؼث

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ٕبّ

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ٍ ؼطتؾا يهعه

لابث اض ف٘پ

ٌٖ٘ث

ٖه سٌو ( 2 .)

للاتذا ةاطغضا

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ٖثبٗظ

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ٖه زَق

ِو

ِث ضَع لَوؼه زَذ اض بث

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ِو زطف ظؾَت ىاطگٗز زضَه

ٖثبٗظضا ضاطل

ٖه

،زط٘گ ىبكً

ٖه سّز ( 3 .) ةاطغضا

ٖػبوتخا بث

ؼطت

ف٘ث ظا سح ظا بّ ت٘ؼلَه بٗ

ٕبّزطىلوػ

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زَق ٖه

ٍ ي٘هضبْچ للاتذا

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ِو ىاع٘ه عَ٘ق ىآ ضز

لَع

ٖگسًظ 1 / 12 % ي٘ورت

ُزظ زَق ٖه ( 4 .) ةبٌتخا ظا

،ُبگً

هٗ

ٖگػٍٗ

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ٍ

ٖه سًاَت

ِث

ىاٌَػ هٗ

مذبق

ٖتؿٗظ -

ٕضبتفض ظا يٗا للاتذا ضبىث زٍض ( 5 .) طثوا زاطفا لاتجه

ٖػبوتخا ظا

هٗ

زاسٍٗض

سحاٍ

بٗ

هٗ

ِثطدت ه مٍاس

ٖػبوتخا طجذ

ٖه

،سٌّز

ِو لاَوؼه طث ضَحه

،ط٘محت زطع

ٍ زبمتًا ضاَتؾا

،تؾا اطٗظ فمً

ٖوْه ضز

عٍطق يٗا للاتذا

ِتقاز تؾا ( 6 .)

Watson & Friend

ؼطت ظا

ٖثبٗظضا

ٖفٌه اض

ًٖاطگً

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تجؿً

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ٕبّ

،ٖفٌه ةبٌتخا ظا

٘ؼلَه ت

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ٍ ضبظتًا

ِثطدت

ٖثبٗظضا

ٕبّ

ٖفٌه ظا

َٕؾ ىاطگٗز فٗطؼت سًزطو ( 7 .) تبؼلبغه ىبكً

ٖه سّز

ِو

ٕبّ تذبٌق

،ٖػبوتخا

ِث

ُػٍٗ

ناضزا

ٖػبوتخا

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ٍ ةاطغضا

ٖػبوتخا

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ٖه سٌٌو .

ِث طظً

ٖه سؾض

ِو ىبًاَخًَ

ٖتلبدذ ؼبؿحا

ٖفٌه تجؿً

ِث وػ زطىل

ٖػبوتخا زَذ

سًضاز

ِو لابوتحا ؼبؾاطث

تب٘ثطدت

ٖفٌه ضز ت٘ؼلَه

ٕبّ

( 8 .) زاطفا ظا ف٘ع

ٖؼ٘ؾٍ

ظا ظثاٍض

ٖػبوتخا سًٌبه

ِولبىه بث زاطفا

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يتؾَ٘پ

ِث

ٍُطگ بّ

بٗ

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ٖه سٌؾطت . طتك٘ث

ٕزضاَه

ِو

ُسّبكه بًْآ

ظؾَت ىاطگٗز مبدًا

َق ٖه

،ز

ضاَقز تؾا . يٗا تاطّبظت تلغا

ضز لَع ىبهظ ضب٘ؿث يهعه

ُزَث

ٍ بث ف٘ع

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ٕا ظا تلاىكه

ًٖاٍض ظجتطه

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ِث

ىاٌَػ

،لبثه فلبچ بّ

ضز ظثاٍض بث

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ىلابؿوّ

ٍ تبػَضَه طَثطه

ِث

ِؾضسه ( 9 .)

ٍُلاػ طث

،يٗا للاتذا ةاطغضا

ٖػبوتخا

ًلاَوؼه ط٘ؾ

ٌٖهعه

ِث

ُاطوّ

زضاز ( 10 )

ٍ

ِث نغض س٘ٗأت

ٖكرثطثا

ٖذطث ىبهضز بّ

ظا

ِلوخ ىبهضز

ٖتذبٌق -

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ىبهضز ي٘وضت

ُسق

ٕا

ِو زضَه س٘ٗأت ىبگوّ

،سقبث

ٕاطث يٗا للاتذا زَخٍ

زضاسً

( 11 .)

ِث ي٘وّ

،ل٘لز طٗز

ًٖبهظ تؾا

ِو لسه

ٕبّ

ٖفلتره تْخ

ٖٗبؾبٌق لهاَػ

طثؤه ضز ظٍطث

ٍ مٍاست يٗا للاتذا ىق ل

ِتفطگ سًا . لسه

ٕبّ

ٕطظً

ٖػبوتخا بث

ِ٘ىت طث لهاَػ

ٕس٘لو

ٕضبتفض

ٍ

،ٖتذبٌق ندح

ٕزبٗظ ظا فٍّػپ بّ

ٍ

لىتٍطپ

ٕبّ

ًٖبهضز اض

ِتر٘گًاطث سًا

( 10 .)

،يٗاطثبٌث

ٖؾضطث

ٕبّضبىّاض طثؤه

ضز فّبو يٗا للاتذا

ِث ىاٌَػ

ٖىٗ

ظا حٗاض يٗطت

للاتذا

ٕبّ

ضز

ٕبً٘ز ظٍطها ه

ٖ سًاَت

ِث

ِلعٌه

ٕط٘گك٘پ

ِ٘لٍا ظا

ٕضب٘ؿث ظا ت٘ؾآ

ٕبّ

طگٗز

ُزَث

ٍ

ِث

ٕبمتضا تهلاؾ

ٍ

ُبفض

ٖػبوتخا هوو

سٌو .

ًٖبهضزضبتفض

ٖى٘تىلبٗز هٗ

ـٍض

ًٖبهضز ضب٘ؿث حٗاض تؾا

ِو

ِث طظً

سؾض ٖه

ٕاطث

ٕزاطفا

ِو

ٖتلاىكه سٗسق

ضز ن٘ظٌت ىبدّ٘

،سًضاز طثؤه سقبث ( 12 .) سًٌبه طّ

ىبهضز فض

،ٕضبت فمً

ٖثبٗظضا ضز ضبتفض

ًٖبهضز

ٖى٘تىلبٗز

ضب٘ؿث نْه تؾا .

ِچطگ تبم٘محت لثبل

ْٖخَت ضز

ٌٔ٘هظ

ٖكرثطثا ضبتفض

ًٖبهضز

ٖى٘تىلبٗز زَخٍ

،زضاز بها ضز ي٘ػ

،لبح

زَجوو

ٖجؿً

تبػلاعا

ٖلوػ

ٍ

ٌٖتجه طث لَنا نّ

تؿّ

ِو

ِث ىاطگًبهضز ضز

ٕسٌث تضَن زضَه

ٍ ىبهضز ظا

ُبگسٗز ضبتفض

ز

ًٖبهض

ٖى٘تىلبٗز هوو

سٌو ( 13 .) طگظطث

ٍٖٗطفث

ٍ فًاضبىوّ

ضز

ٖكٍّػپ

ِو بث فسّ

ي٘٘ؼت

ٖكرثطثا ـظَهآ

تضبْه

ٕبّ

ٖعبجتضا طث

ةاطغضا

ٖػبوتخا ىبًاَخًَ

ضز ؼضاسه طْق زعٗ

مبدًا

،سق يٗا حٗبتً

ِث تؾز سهآ

ِو ـظَهآ تضبْه

ٕبّ

ٖعبجتضا ثػبث فّبو ةاطغضا

ٖػبوتخا

ٍ

ِفلؤه

ٕبّ

،ىآ ٗ

ٌٖؼ ؼطت ظا

ٖثبٗظضا

،ٖفٌه ةبٌتخا

ٍ

ٍُسًا

ٖػبوتخا ضز

ت٘ؼلَه

سٗسخ

ٍ

ٖهَوػ

ٖه زَق ( 14 .)

ٕبّ ِتفبٗ

لنبح ظا فٍّػپ

ِتؾاط٘پ كلغه

ٍ ىاضبىوّ

ىبكً

زاز

ِو ي٘ث ا طغض ةا

ٖقبً

ظا

(6)

ٕظَهآ

ًٖبهضز

...

بتٗظض ًِبتؾآ

ٍ ىاضبىوّ

364

ظضا فٌهٖثبٗ

ـ

ٖ

ٖػبوتخا

ٍ

ٕاٍعًا

ٖػبوتخا طبجتضا

تجثه

ٍ ضازبٌؼه زَخٍ

زضاز ( 15 .) يٗسث ت٘تطت ا طغض ةا

ٖقبً

ظا

ظضا فٌهٖثبٗ

ـ

ٖ

ٖػبوتخا ف٘پ

ٌٖ٘ث

ُسٌٌو

ٖثَذ

ٕاطث

ٕاٍعًا

تؾا .

Gómez

ٍ ىاضبىوّ

ضز

ٖكٍّػپ بث

ىاٌَػ ةاطغضا

ٖػبوتخا

ٍ

ٕضبگظبؾ

ًٖاٍض

: طبجتضا بث ضاظآ

،ىلابؿوّ

تعػ ؽفً

ٍ ن٘ظٌت

،ًٖبدّ٘

ىبكً

زاز

ِو تعػ ؽفً

ٕزاطفا

ِو حَغؾ

ٕلابث ةاطغضا

ٖػبوتخا اض

ِثطدت

ٖه

،سًزطو تاطثا

ٖفٌه

ٕطتك٘ث تقاز

( 16 .)

يٌ٘چوّ

حٗبتً

ِتفبٗ

بّ

ضز زضَه ط٘ثأت ةاطغضا

ٖػبوتخا طث

حغؾ

ٖتؿٗعْث ضز

لثبمه

ٖتحاضبً

ٖػبوتخا ظبًٍ٘

ِث

ٖتلاذاسه

ٕاطث يٗا ظٗاطق

ٖه سقبث . حٗبتً

فٍّػپ

ُزاظ ىبد٘لػ

ٍ ىاضبىوّ

( 17 ) ىبكً

زاز ضبتفض

ًٖبهضز

ٖى٘تىلبٗز

ٍّٖطگ (

ٌٖتجه طث

ـظَهآ بّ تضبْه )

طث

ٕطگقبذطپ ىبًاَخًَ

طثؤه تؾا .

ِخَت

ِث

ٔلئؿه ةاطغضا

ٖػبوتخا ضز

ىبًاَخًَ

ضب٘ؿث

ٕضٍطض

،تؾا اطچ

ِو طگا ضز حغؾ ىلاو

ِتؿٗطگً

،زَق يٗا طها ثػبث

بفَىق ىسكً

ٕبّزاسؼتؾا

َٓملبث ىبًاَخ

ُسق

ٍ تٗبًْضز

ِث ضطض لو عبوتخا سّاَذ ث زَ

. يٗا فٍّػپ ضز يٗا لَهذ ظا

طظً

ٕزطثضبو عً٘

ت٘وّا

ٕضب٘ؿث زضاز ىَچ بث مركه ىسق

ٖكرثطثا يٗا

زطىٍٗض

ًٖبهضز طث

ٕبّط٘غته

ٖتذبٌكًاٍض لهبق

ٖؾطت

ظا

ٖثبٗظضا

ٖفٌه

ٍ

ٕبّ تضبْه

،ٖعبجتضا

ٖه ىاَت ىآ اض

ِث ىاٌَػ لىتٍطپ

ًٖبهضز

ٕاطث ةاطغضا

ٖػبوتخا زضَه

ُزبفتؾا ضاطل

زاز . سّ

ف فٍّػپ طضبح ي٘٘ؼت

ٕظَهآ

ًٖبهضز

ؼطت ظا

ٖثبٗظضا

ٖفٌه

ٍ تضبْه

ٕبّ

لاتجه

.

شير داًم ي طضبح فٍّػپ ىَهظآ ف٘پ حطع ٍ ٖكٗبهظآ ِوً٘ عًَ ظا

زَث ُاَگ ٍُطگ بث ىَهظآ ؽپ – .

ضبهآ ِؼهبخ ِ٘لو لهبق ،فٍّػپ ٕ

ىبًاَخًَ

12 بت 18 لبؾ ضز ِو زَث ٖػبوتخا ةاطغضا للاتذا ِث لاتجه لبؾ 1398

ٕبّ هٌ٘٘لو ٍ ٕا ُضٍبكه عواطه ِث

ِمغٌه فق .سًزَوً ِؼخاطه ىاطْت طْق ىآ ي٘ث ظا

بّ

60 ُزطو تؿو ٖػبوتخا ةاطغضا ِهبٌكؾطپ ضز ٕطتلابث تاطوً ِو طفً

لاتجه نّ ٌٖ٘لبث ِجحبههضز ٍ فٍّػپ ٕزٍضٍ ٕبّ نلاه بث ٍ سًزَث ُسق ُزاز م٘ركت ٖػبوتخا ةاطغضا للاتذا ِث

ٍُطگ ِث ٖفزبهت تضَن ِث زاسؼت يٗا ،ؽپؾ .سًسق ةبرتًا ،سٌتقاز ىبهضز ِث لٗبوت ٍ ِتقاز ًٖاَروّ

ٕبّ

30 فٗبهظآ ُطفً

.سًسق ُزضبوگ سّبق ٍ طثا ُظاسًا ؼبؾا طث ًَِوً زاطفا زاسؼت ةبرتًا نلاه

25 / 0

، ٕبفلآ 05 / 0 ىاَت ٍ 80 / 0 ،ٍُطگ ِؾ ضز

تؾز ٕاطث ًَِوً زاسؼت للاسح ،طظً زضَه ىاَت ِث ٖثبٗ

30 ًبؼوخ ٍُطگ طّ ضز طفً

60 سهآ تؾز ِث طفً

.

نلاه ٕبّ

فٍّػپ ِث زٍضٍ

ي٘ث يؾ ،ٌٖجلبث ِجحبهه كٗطع ظا م٘ركت بث ٖػبوتخا ةاطغضا للاتذا ِث لاتثا لهبق 12

بت

18 ندٌپ للاسح تلا٘هحت ، ٕاطخا مبگٌّ ضز ِو يٗا ٍ ،جلاؼلا تؼن ٕضبو٘ث بٗ سٗسق ًٖاٍض للاتذا ِث لاتثا مسػ ٍ ،ٖٗاستثا

ىاٍض تلاذاسه طٗبؾ بث ىبهضز تحت ،فٍّػپ

،سًط٘گً ضاطل ٖتذبٌق ظا ِؿلخ ٍز ظا ف٘ث تج٘غ لهبق جٍطذ ٕبّ نلاه .زَث

ث ٖى٘تىلبٗز ًٖبهضز ضبتفض طث ٌٖتجه ٕظَهآ تضبْه .زَث ًٖبهضز تبؿلخ ِؿلخ ُزظاٍز زاسؼت ِ

120 تضَن ِث ٕا ِم٘لز

ٕاطث .سًزطو تفبٗضز ٖگتفّ

فٗبهظآ ٍُطگ ،

ى٘تىلبٗز ًٖبهضزضبتفض طث ٌٖتجه ٕظَهآ تضبْه

ٖ بث

ِ٘ىت طث

ِفلؤه يّش ٕبّ

لوحت ،ّٖبگآ

ٍ ًٖبكٗطپ ن٘ظٌت

.سق اطخا ًٖبهضز ٕبوٌّاض ؼبؾاطث ٕزطف ي٘ث ٕسهآضبو ٍ ًٖبدّ٘

لٍسخ ضز

ُضبوق 1 حطق ،

تره تفبٗضز ٖقظَهآ سّبق ٍُطگ تسه يٗا ٖع .تؾا ُسق ِئاضا ٖى٘تىلبٗز ًٖبهضز ضبتفض طث ٌٖتجه ٕظَهآ تضبْه تبؿلخ طه

.سًزطىً

.سق مبدًا ِهبٌكؾطپ ظا ُزبفتؾا بث بّ ُزاز ٕضٍآ غوخ

ٍطق ظا لجل .زَث ٕضب٘تذا ًلاهبو فٍّػپ يٗا ضز توطق ِو زَث تضَن يٗا ِث فٍّػپ يٗا ضز ٖللاذا تبظحلاه ،حطع ع

توضبكه ٍ فٗبهظآ ٍُطگ ٕبضػا .زَث ماطتحا زضَه زاطفا سٗبمػ ٍ ـطگً .سًسق بٌقآ ىآ تاضطمه ٍ حطع تبهركه بث ىبگسٌٌو

ِلحطه طّ ضز فٍّػپ ظا جٍطذ ُظبخا ،سّبق

ِللاػ تضَن ضز سّبق ٍُطگ ٕبضػا ،يٗا طث ٍُلاػ .سٌتقاز ٕا

ٖه ٕسٌه سٌتؿًاَت

مبدًا ِلذاسه ،حطع مبوتا ظا سؼث ٍ نضاسه ِ٘لو .سٌٌو تفبٗضز ًبٌ٘ػ ،ِثبكه ًٖبهضز تبؿلخ ضز اض فٗبهظآ ٍُطگ ٕاطث ُسق

ِهبٌكؾطپ .سٗزطگ صذا ىبجلعٍاز ِوّ ظا ًِبّبگآ ٖجتو ِهبً تٗبضض .زَث ىبٗطده ضب٘تذا ضز بٌْت ،ًِبهطحه كثاَؾ ٍ بّ

سبیقم :یفىم یببیزرا زا سرت ظؾَت ِهبٌكؾطپ يٗا

Watson

ىاضبىوّ ٍ لبؾ ضز

2012 ٍ تاضبظتًا ِث ِو تؾا ُسق ِْ٘ت

( زضاز ُضبقا ،ىاطگٗز ٖفٌه ٖثبٗظضا بث ظجتطه ًٖبكٗطپ 7

.) تلبل ضز ٖقضاعگزَذ ؼب٘مه يٗا 30

ٍ تؾضز ف٘ع ِٗبپ طث لاَؾ

بت طفن ظا ُطوً ٌِهاز ٍ تؾضزبً

30 ٕبٌؼه ِث طتلابث تاطوً تؿو .سقبث ٖه ظضا ظا ؼطت

ٗ ثب

ٖ فٌه

ٖه زطف ضز طتك٘ث ٖ -

(7)

ُضٍز نتكّ

.سقبث

Watson

( ىاضبىوّ ٍ 7

،خبجًٍطو ٕبفلآ ـٍض بث َٖٗدكًاز ًَِوً هٗ ضز اض ؼب٘مه يٗا ٖٗبٗبپ ) 86

/ 0 .زَوً ـضاعگ

ٕضس٘ح ٍ ٕط٘ؼق تؿً

( 18 خبجًٍطو ٕبفلآ ـٍض بث ؼب٘مه يٗا ٖٗبٗبپ تٗطض َٖٗدكًاز ًَِوً هٗ ضز ) 87

/ 0 ـٍض بث ٍ

يوتبگ 87 / 0

ِهبٌكؾطپ يٗا ًٍٖضز ًٖبؿوّ تٗطض .تؾا ُزاز ـضاعگ ،خبجًٍطو ٕبفلآ ـٍض ِث طضبح فٍّػپ ضز

79 / 0 ِث

.سهآ تؾز ٌربمض ليذج

1 - یکیتکلبید یوبمرد ربتفر رب یىتبم یزًمآ تربُم تبسلج یاًتحم ي ٍمبورب

ِؿلخ

ِؿلخ سٌٗاطف

لٍا ف٘پ

ِهسمه ٍ ىَهظآ نئلاػ ٖؾضطث ،ةاطغضا ٍ ؼطت ٔثطدت تذبٌق ،ٕضاصگ فسّ ٍ لٗلاز ظا ٕا ِنلاذ ،

ا ةاطغضا

ٖػبوتخ

مٍز طث ٕضٍطه

ٖى٘تىلبٗز ًٖبهضز ضبتفض ٍ ـطٗصپ َٓحً ،ةاطغضا ىبهضز ضز ىآ ٕضاصگط٘ثأت تلػ ٍ ىآ ٔچرٗضبت ،

ف٘لبىت ِئاضا ٍ زضَذظبث تفبٗضز ،تلاىكه ط٘٘غت

مَؾ ؼبؿحا ،بّطىف ُط٘دًظ ٖؾضطث

ت٘ؼلَه ضز بّضبتفض ٍ بّ

ةاطغضا ٕبّ

ـظضا ٖدٌؾضب٘ػ ٍ ٖٗبهظآ ت٘ؼلاٍ ،اظ ،بّ

ضز ف٘لبىت ِئاضا ٍ زضَذظبث تفبٗ

مضبْچ تضبْه ٖلو لَنا ـظَهآ

زطىٍٗض ضز ًٖاٍض ضبكف لوحت ٕبّ

ٖى٘تىلبٗز ًٖبهضز ضبتفض تضبْه ٍ

ـطٗصپ ٕبّ

ف٘لبىت ِئاضا ٍ زضَذظبث تفبٗضز ،ًِبٗاطگ غلاٍ

ندٌپ ماضآ ٕبّزطجّاض

فهاضآ زَذ بٗ ٕظبؾ ت٘لبؼف ٖؾضطث ،ٖكرث

ِخَت ِث طَثطه ٕبّ

،ًٖازطگطث ٍ زضَذظبث تفبٗضز

ف٘لبىت ِئاضا

نكق تضبْه لَنا ـظَهآ

زطىٍٗض ضز ىبدّ٘ ن٘ظٌت ٕبّ

ٖى٘تىلبٗز ًٖبهضز ضبتفض

ًِبكً ِث طَثطه يٗطوت ، ٕبّ

ف٘لبىت ِئاضا ٍ زضَذظبث تفبٗضز ،ىبدّ٘ ًٖبوؿخ

نتفّ

ذبؾ ظجتطه ٍ ضبىفا ِث تبًبدّ٘ ىزاز طبجتضا ِث طَثطه يٗطوت ،تبًبدّ٘ ٍ ضبىفا ٖؾضطث ،تبًبدّ٘ بث لبوػا يت

ف٘لبىت ِئاضا ٍ زضَذظبث تفبٗضز

نتكّ

تضبْه لَنا ـظَهآ يتفگ ًِ ضز لىكه (ٖدٌؾزَذ يٗطوت ،ٖى٘تىلبٗز ًٖبهضزضبتفض ضز ٕزطف ىب٘ه ٕبّ

ف٘لبىت ِئاضا ٍ زضَذظبث تفبٗضز ، )...ٍ

نًْ

ّظبً٘ ىزضٍآطث لحاطه ِث طَثطه يٗطوت ،زَذ فاسّا ٍ بّظبً٘ ٖٗبؾبٌق ٖؾضطث ي٘ث تلاهبؼت ضز زَذ ٕب

،ٕزطف

ف٘لبىت ِئاضا ٍ زضَذظبث تفبٗضز

نّز تضبْه ظا ُزبفتؾا بث ؼطتؾا لطتٌو

ٕبّ

ٖى٘تىلبٗز ًٖبهضز ضبتفض ت٘ؾآ فّبو ٕاطث ٖتجلاطهزَذ تضبْه ،

-

ف٘لبىت ِئاضا ٍ زضَذظبث تفبٗضز ،ؼطتؾا طثاطث ضز ٕطٗصپ

نّزظبٗ

تضبْه ِػَوده ىزطث ضبو ِث ٕبّ

ًبهضز ضبتفض

ٖى٘تىلبٗز ٖ ٍ زضَذظبث تفبٗضز ،ٖػبوتخا ةاطغضا لطتٌو ٕاطث

ف٘لبىت ِئاضا

نّزظاٍز غوخ

تضبْه ِػَوده ىزطث ضبو ِث ،لجل تبؿلخ ضٍطه ٍ ٕسٌث ٕبّ

ٖى٘تىلبٗز ًٖبهضز ضبتفض لطتٌو ٕاطث

ٖػبوتخا ةاطغضا تبؿلخ ضٍطه ٍ ٕسٌث غوخ ،ىبهضز ِؿلخ ظا جضبذ ِث بّ تضبْه ن٘وؼت ٖگًَگچ ـظَهآ ىَهظآ ؽپ ٕاطخا ،

تربُم سبیقم :یطببترا یبَ

( بّضبغػ ظؾَت ىَهظآ يٗا ٖثبٗضبدٌّ ٍ تذبؾ 19

ٕاطث ِهبٌكؾطپ يٗا .تؾا ُسق مبدًا )

لهبق ِو سٗزطگ ن٘ظٌت ٍ ِْ٘ت ىاظَهآ فًاز ٖعبجتضا ٕبّ تضبْه فدٌؾ 34

ٕاضاز ٍ تؾا لاَؾ

ِؾ تٗطٗسه ؼب٘مه ُزطذ

ىبدّ٘

خٍ ظاطثا ٍ ىاطگٗز ناضزا ،بّ

ٖه زَ

دؾبپ حٌپ ي٘ث ظا ،لاَؾ يته بث زَذ تمفاَه ِث ِتؿث ًٖزَهظآ ىَهظآ يٗا ضز .سقبث

ظا لاَؾ طّ ّٖز ُطوً .سٌو ٖه ةبرتًا اض زَذ طظً زضَه ٌِٗعگ ،تبلٍا طتك٘ث ،زبٗظ بتجؿً ،تبلٍا ّٖبگ ،تضسً ِث ،عگطّ بجٗطمت

ّ ؼَىؼه ِو ٖٗبّ لاَؾ ضز ِو تضَن يٗا ِث ،تؾا ط٘غته حٌپ بت هٗ

ضز .سًط٘گ ٖه ُطوً ؼَىؼه تضَن ِث بّ ٌِٗعگ ،سٌتؿ

تضبْه ظا ٕضازضَذطث ٕبٌؼه ِث ؼب٘مه يٗا ضز لابث تاطوً تؿو .سٗآ ٖه تؾز ِث لو ُطوً ،تاطوً غوخ ظا تٗبًْ

ٕبّ

(8)

ٕظَهآ

ًٖبهضز

...

ٍ ىاضبىوّ

366

ىبدّ٘ تٗطٗسه ؼب٘مه ُزطذ ٕاطث خبجًٍطو ٕبفلآ ظا ُزبفتؾا بث ٖٗبٗبپ تٗطض .تؾا زطف ضز طتك٘ث ٖعبجتضا بّ

73 / 0 طث ، ٕا

ىاطگٗز ناضزا ؼب٘مه ُزطذ 63

/ 0 زَخٍ ظاطثا ؼب٘مه ُزطذ ٕاطث ٍ ، 55

/ 0 تٗطض ٖٗبهظآظبث ـٍض ِث ٖٗبٗبپ ِجؾبحه ضز ٍ

ىبدّ٘ تٗطٗسه ؼب٘مه ُزطذ ٕاطث ٖگتؿجوّ

بّ

83 / 0 ىاطگٗز ناضزا ؼب٘مه ُزطذ ، 70

/ 0 زَخٍ ظاطثا ؼب٘مه ُزطذ ٍ 57

/ 0

ظا ؼب٘مه ٕا ٖولاه ٖٗاٍض ٕاطث .تؾا ُسق ـضاعگ ،تؾا ىاطٗا ضز ضبدٌّ ٍ مطً ٕاضاز ِو ىاظَهآ فًاز ٕضبگظبؾ ِهبٌكؾطپ

( زَث ي٘ث ف٘پ ٍ نلاه ٕبّ ُطوً ي٘ث ُسق ِجؾبحه ٖگتؿجوّ تٗطض .سق ُزبفتؾا نلاه ىاٌَػ ِث 43

/ 0

; ،r

001 /

>0 )P

( 19 ،خبجًٍطو ٕبفلآ ـٍض ِث طضبح فٍّػپ ضز ِهبٌكؾطپ يٗا ٖٗبٗبپ .) 83

/ 0 .سهآ تؾز ِث

( یعبمتجا سارَ سبیقم :)SPIN

ظؾَت ؼب٘مه يٗا

Connor

( ىاضبىوّ ٍ 20

ٖػبوتخا ةاطغضا بٗ ؼاطّ ٖثبٗظضا ضَظٌه ِث )

ٖدٌؾزَذ ؼب٘مه هٗ .سٗزطگ ِْ٘ت 17

ٕاضاز ِو تؾا ٕا ُزبه

ِؾ ( ؼطت ٖػطف ؼب٘مه ُزطذ 6

( ةبٌتخا ،)ُزبه 7

ٍ )ُزبه

( هٗغَلَٗع٘ف ٖتحاضبً

4 ؼبؾا طث ُزبهطّ .تؾا )ُزبه تطى٘ل ؼب٘مه

حٌپ ظا( ٕا ِخضز طفن

- ِث بت ،ِخٍ چّ٘

4 - )تٗبًْ ٖث

طثاطث ٖػبوتخا ةاطغضا للاتذا م٘ركت بث ٖٗبّ ٍُطگ ضز ٖٗبهظآظبث ـٍض ِث ٖٗبٗبپ تٗطض .تؾا ُسق ٕسٌث ِخضز 78

/ 0 ٍ

89 / 0 طثاطث ؼب٘مه لو ٕاطث ضبدٌْث زاطفا ظا ٍّٖطگ ضز خبجًٍطو بفلآ تٗطض بث ًٍٖضز ًٖبؿوّ .زَث 94

/ 0 .تؾا ُسق ـضاعگ

ـطث ِغمً ،تاطوً ط٘ؿفت ٕاطث 40

م٘ركت تلز ٖٗاضبو بث 80

% ـطث ِغمً ٍ 50

م٘ركت تلز ٖٗاضبو بث 89

% ٕاضاز زاطفا

ةاطغضا للاتذا م٘ركت بث ٖٗبّ ٍُطگ ضز ؼب٘مه يٗا ٖٗبهظآظبث ٖٗبٗبپ .سٌو ٖه عٗبوته ٕزبػ زاطفا ظا اض ٖػبوتخا ةاطغضا ٖػبوتخا 86

/ 0

ٍضز ًٖبؿوّ ٍ طثاطث ضبدٌْث ٍُطگ ضز خبجًٍطو ٕبفلآ ـٍض ِث اض ؼب٘مه ًٖ

92 / 0 ( سق ـضاعگ 20

ىاطٗا ضز .)

ىَهظآ يٗا لٍا ٔوً٘ ٕاطث خبجًٍطو ٕبفلآ ٔجؾبحه 82

/ 0 ىآ مٍز ٔوً٘ ٕاطث ٍ 76

/ 0 ٍز يٗا ٖگتؿجوّ تٗبًْ ضز ٍ سق ـضاعگ

84 / 0 ( سهآ تؾز ِث 21

.) آ ـٍض ِث طضبح فٍّػپ ضز ِهبٌكؾطپ يٗا ٖٗبٗبپ ،خبجًٍطو ٕبفل

87 / 0 .سهآ تؾز ِث

ُزاز ضاعفا مطً ظا ُزبفتؾا بث بّ

SPSS-22

ُزاز ٖف٘نَت ٖؾضطث ضز .سٌتفطگ ضاطل ل٘لحت ٍ ِٗعدت زضَه مذبق بّ

ٕضبهآ ٕبّ

ط٘غته ظا هٗ طّ ِث طَثطه ىَهظآ ظا ٖعبجٌتؾا ضبهآ فرث ضز .سٗزطگ ِجؾبحه فٍّػپ ٕبّ

سٌچ ؽًبٗضاٍَو ل٘لحت ٕبّ

٘لحت ،ُط٘غته ل

ضاٍَو

ٗ ؽًب هٗ

غته

٘

ُط تؾا ُسٗزطگ ُزبفتؾا .

ٍتفبی بَ

توطق يؾ )ضب٘ؼه فاطحًا( ي٘گًب٘ه ( فٗبهظآ ٍُطگ ضز ىبگسٌٌو

4 / 4 ) 5 / 16 ( سّبق ٍُطگ ضز ٍ 1

/ 4 ) 7 / 15 للاسح .زَث لبؾ

توطق يؾ ىبگسٌٌو

12 طثوسح ٍ 18

زاسؼت ،فٗبهظآ ٍُطگ ضز .زَث لبؾ 17

( 7 / 56 زاسؼت ٍ ىاطتذز اض طفً )%

13 ( 3 / 43 )%

ٖه ل٘ىكت ىاطؿپ اض طفً

زاسؼت ،سّبق ٍُطگ ضز .سًزاز 14

( 7 / 46 زاسؼت ٍ طتذز طفً )%

16 ( 3 / 53 .سًزَث طؿپ طفً )%

ٌربمض ليذج 2

- ٌيرگ يد رد نًمزآ سپ ،نًمزآ صیپ رد صَيژپ یبَریغتم )ربیعم فارحوا( هیگوبیم

ط٘غته

ٍُطگ ىَهظآ ف٘پ

ىَهظآ ؽپ

P ي٘گًب٘ه )ضب٘ؼه فطحًا( ي٘گًب٘ه )ضب٘ؼه فطحًا(

ٖفٌه ٖثبٗظضا ظا ؼطت فٗبهظآ

( 2 / 5 ) 8 / 19 (

9 / 3 ) 9 / 16 001

/ 0

سّبق (

9 / 4 ) 7 / 20 (

7 / 4 ) 1 / 20 58

/ 0

تضبْه لو ُطوً

ٖعبجتضا ٕبّ

فٗبهظآ (

3 / 20 ) 1 / 88 (

3 / 20 ) 1 / 115 001

/ 0

سّبق (

5 / 19 ) 1 / 93 (

5 / 20 ) 2 / 88 09

/ 0

ىبدّ٘ تٗطٗسه فٗبهظآ

( 5 / 2 ) 8 / 28 (

7 / 6 ) 6 / 33 001

/ 0

سّبق (

9 / 2 ) 4 / 30 (

4 / 3 ) 8 / 28 19

/ 0

ىاطگٗز ناضزا فٗبهظآ

( 5 / 3 ) 1 / 30 (

1 / 5 ) 4 / 38 001

/ 0

سّبق (

5 / 4 ) 9 / 30 (

6 / 3 ) 9 / 29 77

/ 0

زَخٍ ظاطثا فٗبهظآ

( 5 / 4 ) 1 / 33 (

2 / 4 ) 6 / 44 001

/ 0

سّبق 8

/ 34 ( 7 / 4 ) 5

/ 33 ( 1 / 5 ) 62

/ 0

(9)

ُضٍز نتكّ

ُضبوق لٍسخ ضز ِو ضَع ىبوّ

2 ُسّبكه زَق ٖه

ف٘پ ضز فٗبهظآ ٍُطگ ٖفٌه ٖثبٗظضا ظا ؼطت )ضب٘ؼه فاطحًا( ي٘گًب٘ه -

ىَهظآ ( 2 / 5 ) 8 / 19 ؽپ ضز ِو زَث

ِث ىَهظآ (

9 / 3 ) 9 / 16 ( تفبٗ فّبو 001

/

>0 ضز سّبق ٍُطگ )ضب٘ؼه فاطحًا( ي٘گًب٘ه بها )P

ف٘پ ىَهظآ ( 9 / 4 ) 7 / 20 ؽپ ضز ِو زَث

ِث ىَهظآ (

7 / 4 ) 1 / 20 ظً ظا تٍبفت يٗا ِو س٘ؾض يٌ٘چوّ .زَجً ضازبٌؼه ٕضبهآ ط

)ضب٘ؼه فاطحًا( ي٘گًب٘ه تضبْه

بّ

ٕ عبجتضا

ٖ ف٘پ ضز فٗبهظآ ٍُطگ ىَهظآ

( 3 / 20 ) 1 / 88 ؽپ ضز ِو زَث

ِث ىَهظآ (

3 / 20 )

1 / 115 ( تفبٗ فٗاعفا 001

/

>0 ف٘پ ضز سّبق ٍُطگ )ضب٘ؼه فاطحًا( ي٘گًب٘ه بها )P

ىَهظآ ( 5 / 19 ) 1 / 93 ؽپ ضز ِو زَث ىَهظآ

ِث ( 5 / 20 ) 2 / 88 .زَجً ضازبٌؼه ٕضبهآ طظً ظا تٍبفت يٗا ِو س٘ؾض

-

ٍَار کی سوبیراي لیلحت نًمزآ جیبتو

بّضٍصده عَوده بّضٍصده ي٘گًب٘ه df

F

ٖوْؾ ٕبتا ضٍصده Sig.

ٍُطگ 082

/ 48 1

082 / 48 859

/ 4 036 / 0 153

/ 0

بغذ 151

/ 267 57

894 / 9

لو 000

/ 10834 60

بوق لٍسخ كثبغه ُض

3 تٍبفت ، ةاطغضا

( زَث ضازبٌؼه ٍُطگ ٍز ضز 036

/ 0

; ،P

85 / 4

; طگٗز تضبجػ ِث .)F

ًٖبهضز ضبتفض

ٖػبوتخا ةاطغضا للاتذا ِث لاتجه ىبًاَخًَ ٖفٌه ٖثبٗظضا ظا ؼطت طث ٖى٘تىلبٗز طثؤه

.تؾا

-

ٌریغتم ذىچ سوبیراي لیلحت نًمزآ جیبتو

ىَهظآ -

ٍُطگ طثا ُظاسًا

F df₁

df₂

عىلٍٗ ٕاسجهلا 145

/ 0 98

/ 30 4

51 0001

/ 0 85

/ 0

ٕلا٘پ طثا 855

/ 0 98

/ 30 4

51 0001

/ 0 85

/ 0

ُضبوق لٍسخ كثبغه 4

تٍبفت ،

ِفلؤه ٕبّ

تضبْه

ٖػبوتخا ةاطغضا للاتذا ِث لاتجه ىبًاَخًَ ٖعبجتضا ٕبّ

ٍُطگ ٍز ي٘ث

( تؾا ضازبٌؼه 0001

/

>0 ،P

98 / 30

; .)F ٌربمض ليذج 5

- بَ ٌيرگ هیب لمبعت نًمزآ جیبتو

غجٌه بّ ط٘غته

بّضٍصده عَوده ي٘گًب٘ه ضٍصده Df

F

ٍُطگ تضبْه لو ُطوً

24 / 4585 1

24 / 4585 52

/ 11 002 / 0 32

/ 0

ىبدّ٘ تٗطٗسه 76

/ 144 1

76 / 144 93

/ 4 036 / 0 17

/ 0

ىاطگٗز ناضزا 26

/ 449 1

26 / 449 46

/ 21 0001 / 0 47

/ 0

زَخٍ ظاطثا 49

/ 981 1

49 / 981 06

/ 75 0001 / 0 75

/ 0

بغذ تضبْه لو ُطوً

25 / 9546 54

76 / 397

ىبدّ٘ تٗطٗسه 32

/ 704 54

34 / 29

ىاطگٗز ناضزا 33

/ 502 54

93 / 20

زَخٍ ظاطثا 80

/ 313 54

07 / 13

ُضبوق لٍسخ حٗبتً ِث ِخَت بث 5

ضبْه لو ُطوً تٍبفت ت

( ٖعبجتضا ٕبّ

002 / 0

; ،P

52 / 11

; تٍبفت عً٘ ٍ ٍُطگ ٍز ضز )F

ِفلؤه

( ىبدّ٘ تٗطٗسه 036

/ 0

; ،P

93 / 4

; تٍبفت ٍ ٍُطگ ٍز ضز )F

ِفلؤه ( ىاطگٗز ناضزا 0001

/ 0

; ،P

46 / 21

; ٍ ٍُطگ ٍز ضز )F

يٌ٘چوّ

ِفلؤه ( زَخٍ ظاطثا 0001

/ 0

; ،P

06 / 75

; تؾا ضازبٌؼه ٍُطگ ٍز ضز )F

.

ثحب

زاز

ِو ه ي٘گًب٘

( فاطحًا ضب٘ؼه ) ؼطت ظا

ٖثبٗظضا

ٖفٌه

ٍُطگ فٗبهظآ ضز

ف٘پ ىَهظآ ( 2 / 5 ) 8 / 19 زَث

ِو ضز

ؽپ ىَهظآ

ِث ( 9 / 3 ) 9 / 16 فّبو تفبٗ

ِو ضز ؽپ -

ىَهظآ

ِث ( 7 / 4 ) 1 / 20 س٘ؾض

ٕضبهآ ضازبٌؼه ً زَج . ي٘گًب٘ه ( فاطحًا ضب٘ؼه ) تضبْه

ٕبّ

ٖعبجتضا

ٍُطگ

(10)

ٕظَهآ

ًٖبهضز

...

ٍ ىاضبىوّ

368

فٗبهظآ ضز ف٘پ ىَهظآ ( 3 / 20 ) 1 / 88 زَث

ِث ( 3 / 20 ) 1 / 115 فٗاعفا تفبٗ

ِث ( 5 / 20 ) 2 / 88 س٘ؾض

ٕضبهآ ضازبٌؼه

زَجً

. يٗا ىاسث

ٌٖؼه تؾا

ِو ضبتفض

ًٖبهضز

ؼطت ظا

ٖثبٗظضا

ٖفٌه

ٍ تضبْه

ٕبّ

لاتجه

ِث

ٖػبوتخا طثؤه

تؾا .

ِتفبٗ

لٍا ك٘محت يٗا زَث

ِو ضبتفض

ًٖبهضز

ٖثبٗظضا

ٖفٌه ىبًاَخًَ

لاتجه

ِث لاتذا ل ةاطغضا

ٖػبوتخا سق

. يٗا

ِتفبٗ

بث

ِتفبٗ

ٕبّ

فٍّػپ

ٕبّ

Gómez

ٍ ىاضبىوّ

( 18 )،

ٍ ىاضبىوّ

( 17 )

َؿوّ

ٖه سقبث . حٗبتً

فٍّػپ

ٍ ىاضبىوّ

ىبكً

ُسٌّز ىآ تؾا

ِو طّ

ِچ ا طغض ةا

ٖقبً

ظا ظضا فٌهٖثبٗ

ـ

ٖ

ٖػبوتخا

ضز ىبًاَخًَ

طتلابث

،سقبث

ٕاٍعًا

ٖػبوتخا عً٘

طتك٘ث سّاَذ زَث ( 17 .)

ضز ي٘٘جت يٗا

ِتفبٗ

ٖه ىاَت تفگ ضبتفض

ًٖبهضز

،ه٘تىلبٗز

ًٖبهضز تؾا

ِو ضبتذبؾ

ٌٖقٍض زضاز

ٍ ظا هٌ٘ىت

ٕبّ

ٕضبتفض

ُزبفتؾا

ٖه سٌو . ظا

َٕؾ طگٗز س٘وبت طث ضبجتػا

،ٖكرث طدٌه

ِث ـطٗصپ تلاىكه

ًٖبدّ٘

ُسق

ٍ يٗا ـطٗصپ ضز تٗبًْ

ِث

لْ٘ؿت تاط٘٘غت طدٌه

ٖه ززطگ . هٗ

ٖگػٍٗ

زاطفا لاتجه

ٖػبوتخا يٗا

تؾا

ِو ضز

ِلنبف

ٕط٘گ

ٍ ىٍط٘ث

ىسهآ ظا تبؾبؿحا

ٍ كلذ

ٖفٌه زَذ ةَذ لوػ

ٖوً

سٌٌو . ضز لَع سٌٗاطف تضبْه

ٕظَهآ ضبتفض

ًٖبهضز

،ٖى٘تىلبٗز زاطفا

لاتجه

ٖػبوتخا ظا

كٗطع مبدًا يٗطوت

ٕبّ

تفض

ٕضب

ٍ زَذ

ُسّبكه

،ٕطگ ضز

ٖتلبح ىٍسث

،تٍبضل

ِث

ُسّبكه

كلذ زَذ

ٍ

ٕبّسهب٘پ

،ٕغَلَٗع٘ف

،ٌّٖش

ٕضبتفض

ٍ

ًٖبدّ٘

ىآ

ٖه سًظازطپ

ٍ بث

ِث ضبو

ٕط٘گ يٗطوت

،بّ

نؿً٘بىه ضاصگ

ظا يٗا

ت٘ؼضٍ

اض

ٖه سًظَهآ ( 12 .)

ِتفبٗ

مٍز فٍّػپ طگًبكً

ىآ زَث

ِو تضبْه

ٕظَهآ

ًبهضز

ٖ

فٗاعفا تضبْه

ٕبّ

ٖعبجتضا

ىبًاَخًَ

لاتجه

ٖػبوتخا سق

. يٗا

ِتفبٗ

بث حٗبتً

فٍّػپ

ُزاعًبد٘لػ

ٍ ىاضبىوّ

( 20 )

ٌٖجه طث ط٘ثأت

ٖكرثطثا ضبتفض

ًٖبهضز

ٖى٘تىلبٗز

ٍّٖطگ (

ٌٖتجه طث ـظَهآ تضبْه بّ

) طث

ٕطگقبذطپ ىبًاَخًَ

َؿوّ

زَث .

ِتفبٗ

ٕبّ

پ فٍّػ طضبح ىبكً

زاز تضبْه

ٕظَهآ

ًٖبهضز

ٖى٘تىلبٗز بث

ِ٘ىت طث

ِفلؤه

ٕبّ

يّش

،ّٖبگآ لوحت

ًٖبكٗطپ

ن٘ظٌتٍ

ًٖبدّ٘

ٍ

ٕسهآضبو ي٘ث

ٕزطف ضز فّبو ؼطت ظا

ٖثبٗظضا

ٖفٌه

ٍ فٗاعفا تضبْه

ٕبّ

لاتجه

ِث

ٖه سقبث . بٌٗطوت ت يّش

ّٖبگآ

ٍ ن٘ظٌت ىبدّ٘

ٍ لوحت

ًٖبكٗطپ بث

يتفطگطظًطٗظ نئاز

ٍ

ىٍسث تٍبضل ؽح

ٕبّ

طَثطه

ِث

،ةاطغضا ىٍسث

ٖؼؾ ضز ضاطف بٗ

ةبٌتخا ظا بًْآ

ٖه سًٌاَت ثػبث فّبو فٌواٍ

ٕبّ

ًٖبدّ٘

ززطگ

ِو

ًلاَوؼه ظؾَت

ًِبكً

ٕبّ

ةاطغضا

ِتر٘گًاطث

ٖه سًَق .

ٓسّبكه ىٍسث

تٍبضل ضبىفا ظجتطه بث ةاطغضا يىوه

تؾا

طدٌه

ِث نْف

ٍ نضز يٗا

ِتىً

ززطگ

ِو بٌْٗا

« ظمف سًضبىفا

»

ٍ طگًبٗبوً

ت٘ؼلاٍ

بٗ

تم٘مح سٌتؿً٘

ٍ

ًبهٍعل سٗبجً

ثػبث ضاطف بٗ

ضبتفض

ٖثبٌتخا سًَق

( 13 .) ظا

ٖفطع ضز سٌٗاطف ـظَهآ ضبتفض

ًٖبهضز

ٖى٘تىلبٗز به

ظا زاطفا

ٖه نّ٘اَذ

ِو بث ةضبدت

سٌٗبقَذبً

َذ ز

ِغثاض

ٕا تٍبفته زبدٗا سٌٌو

ٍ بث ـطٗصپ

ٍ ضبجتػا

ٖكرث

ِث تبؾبؿحا سٌٗبقَذبً

ضز زضَه ن٘وهت

ٓضبثضز

ٖگًَگچ دؾبپ

ِث

،تبًبدّ٘

ّٖبگآ

ِتقاز سٌقبث .

ِث طظً

ٖه سؾض يٗا

ِغثاض

ِث فّبو ةاطغضا

ٖلو زطف طدٌه ززطگ .

ٖكرثطثا يٗا

ـٍض

ِث زطثضبو ضبجتػا

ٖكرث طَثطه تؾا

ٍ يٗا بجتػا ض

ٖكرث طدٌه

ِث ـطٗصپ تلاىكه

ًٖبدّ٘

ُسق

ٍ يٗا

ـطٗصپ ضز تٗبًْ

ِث لْ٘ؿت تاط٘٘غت طدٌه

ٖه ززطگ . يٌ٘چوّ

هٌ٘ىت

ٖٗبّ

سًٌبه زَذ

ُسّبكه

ٕطگ طدٌه

ِث تبجث

تاط٘٘غت

ٖه ززطگ ( 14 .)

ٍجیتو یریگ

زاز

ِو تضبْه

ٕظَهآ

ًٖبهضز

ٖثبٗظضا

ٖفٌه

ٍ فٗاعفا

تضبْه

ٕبّ

لاتجه

سق .

یوادرذق ي رکطت ىبگسٌؿًَٗ

ظا مبوت

ٕزاطفا

ِو ضز يٗا فٍّػپ توطق

،سًزطو لبوو طىكت

ٍ

ًٖازضسل اض

سًضاز . يٗا

ِلبمه

ٕاضاز سو

ِت٘وو

قلاذا

IR.IAU.SARI.REC.1399.061

ظا

ُبگكًاز آ زاظ

ٖهلاؾا سحاٍ

ٕضبؾ

ٖه سقبث .

(11)

ُضٍز نتكّ

عفبىم رد ضربعت .زضاسً زَخٍ ِلبمه يٗا زضَه ضز ٖؼفبٌه وضبؼت ًَِگ چّ٘ سًضاز ٖه ضبْظا ىبگسٌؿًَٗ

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[Full text in Persian].

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[Full text in Persian]

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2016;22(140):1-10.

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ًٖبهضز

...

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370

19. Atarha N. Making and assessing of abnormality of relationship skills and charactrization of its psychological properties. Psychology Publications. 2007;4(3):25-33. [Full text in Persian].

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