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R E S E A R C H

Open Access

Sensitivity analysis for a new class of

generalized parametric nonlinear ordered

variational inequality problems in ordered

Banach spaces

Kottakkaran Sooppy Nisar

1*

, Mohd. Sarfaraz

2

, Ahmed Morsy

1

and Md. Kalimuddin Ahmad

2

*Correspondence:

[email protected]

1Department of Mathematics,

College of Arts and Sciences, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Wadi Aldawasir, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Full list of author information is available at the end of the article

Abstract

In this study, we introduce a class of new generalized parametric nonlinear ordered variational inequality problems and discuss its existence result. Also, we prove the sensitivity of the solution for the parametric inequality class with the help of B-restricted-accretive method in ordered Banach spaces. Some special cases of the main results are also discussed.

MSC: Primary 47J05; secondary 47J20; 47J22

Keywords: Sensitivity analysis; Variational inequality; Parametric; Ordered Banach spaces; Restricted-accretive

1 Introduction

Ordered equations or inequalities have capacious significance to many fields, including neural networks, remote sensing, optimization of structures, optimization of electromag-netic systems, and many other applied sciences. Lately, much consideration has been given to the sensitivity analysis of variational inequalities. We comment that sensitivity analysis is imperative for a few reasons.

To begin with, since assessing issue information regularly presents estimation mistakes, sensitivity analysis soothes in distinguishing touchy factors that ought to be acquired with generally high exactness. Second, sensitivity analysis may anticipate in the doom changes of the steadiness because of alters in the dictating systems. Lastly, sensitivity gives valuable input for outlining or arranging different equilibrium in various frames. Moreover, from scientific and engineering perspectives, sensitivity analysis can give new bits of knowledge with respect to issues being considered and can fortify new thoughts for critical thinking. During the most-recent decade, there has been expanding enthusiasm to concentrate on checking the sensitivity of different inequalities and inclusion systems. We contemplate the subjective conduct of the solution of the variational inequalities when the given oper-ator and the feasible convex set change in a parameter. Such an investigation is known as sensitivity analysis, which is vital and significant. Sensitivity analysis gives us helpful data for outlining different equilibrium systems and for anticipating the coming alters of the equilibria because of the adjustments in the dictating systems.

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Dafermos in [7] utilized the fixed-point technique to ponder the sensitivity analysis of Stampacchia’s variational inequalities. Time to time the model has been changed and stretched out by numerous writers for reviewing the sensitivity analysis of different classes of variational inequalities and inclusions problems; for more details, see [1,2,4–6,12–14, 16–18].

Then again, in 1972, Amman [3] proposed the idea of finding the numbers of invari-ants under the nonlinear mapping in an ordered Banach space. Motivated by the idea of Amman, Li [9] instigated the work on the generalized nonlinear ordered variational in-equalities and equation. By theB-restricted-accretive method for mapA, Li initiated the study of existence and convergence result for approximation solution for the said prob-lems in ordered Banach space. After that, in 2009, Li [10] started the study of a new class in ordered Banach space, and it was abbreviated as GNOVI. The sensitivity analysis was also investigated by Li [11], in which an existence result was proposed for another class of problems constricted as parametric GNOVI. Persuaded by the exploration in this ten-dency, we present a new class of generalized parametric nonlinear ordered variational inequalities involving⊕operator in ordered Banach space. We also prove the existence and continuity of the solution for the said problem.

2 Prelude

In this part of the paper, we review some basic facets which are supplementary for further processing.

Allow (E, “≤”) to be a real ordered Banach space with a norm · . Let (C, “≤”) be a partial ordered cone having a normal constantN, θ is the zero member of (E, “≤”). Presume thatglb{m,n}andlub{m,n}both exist.

Definition 2.1 CE, a non-void convex and closed subset, is termed cone if

(i) asmCandκ> 0,κmC; (ii) if–m,mC, thenm=θ.

Definition 2.2([8]) A non-void subsetCEcharacterizes as normal cone iff ∃N> 0 with 0≤mnsuch thatm ≤Nn.

Definition 2.3([15]) Define a partial order “≤” for any elementsm,nE asmniff

mnC. Then (E, “≤”) is a real ordered Banach space.

Definition 2.4 ([15]) Elementsm,nE related by the partial order defined above are called comparable elements.

Definition 2.5([15]) Let∨,∧, and⊕be operations namedOR,AND, andXORand char-acterized respectively as follows:

(i) mn=lub{m,n};

(ii) mn=glb{m,n};

(iii) mn= (mn)∨(nm).

Lemma 2.1 [15]For any members m,n,wE,the following relations hold:

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(iii) (m+w)∨(n+w)exists and(m+w)∨(n+w) = (mn) +w; (iv) (mn) = (m+n) – (mn);

(v) forλ≥0,one can haveλ(mn) =λmλn; (vi) forλ≤0,one can haveλ(mn) =λmλn; (vii) the converse part of(v)and(vi)holds ifm=n; (viii) eithermnormnexists,thenEis a lattice;

(ix) (m+w)∧(n+w)exists and(m+w)∧(n+w) = (mn) +w; (m) (mn) = –(–m∨–n);

(xi) (–m)∧(m)≤θ≤(–m)∨m.

Proposition 1([8]) For the comparable members m and n inE,then mnnm,and

θ≤(mn)∨(nm).

Proposition 2 ([8]) For any positive integer k, if mnk and nkn∗ (k→ ∞),then

mn∗.

Lemma 2.2([9]) For any comparable elements m,n,z,wEand an operation⊕,the fol-lowing relations hold:

(i) mn=nm; (ii) mm=θ; (iii) θmθ;

(iv) letλ∈R,thenm)⊕(λn) =|λ|(mn); (v) (mn)≤(mw) + (wn);

(vi) suppose(m+n)∨(p+q)exists,and ifmp,qandnp,q,then

(m+n)⊕(p+q)≤(mp+nq)∧(mq+np);

(vii) supposem,n,z,wcan be comparative to each other,then

(mn)⊕(zw)≤(mz)∨(nw)∧(mw)∨(nz);

(viii) ifmθ,thenαmβm=|αβ|m+ (α⊕β)m.

Definition 2.6([9]) AllowA,B:E×ΣEto be two parametric maps andΣEbe a non-void open subset in whichςlives.

(i) Ais called comparison regarding the slotς, if for anyςΣand each m(ς),n(ς)∈Ewe havem(ς)∝n(ς), thenA(m(ς),ς)A(n(ς),ς), m(ς)∝A(m(ς),ς), andn(ς)∝A(n(ς),ς).

(ii) AandBare termed comparison regarding the spotςto each other, if for each m(ς)∈E,A(m(ς),ς)B(m(ς),ς)(denoted byAB).

Definition 2.7([9]) AllowA:E×ΣEto be a parametric map.Ais calledβ-ordered compression regarding the second slotς, ifAis comparative with respect toς, and∃β∈ (0, 1) such that, for anyςΣ,

Am(ς),ςAn(ς),ςβm(ς)⊕n(ς)

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Definition 2.8([9]) Let (E, “≤”),C,N, andΣ have their predefined meanings. Allow A,B:E×ΣEto be two parametric maps,Istands for an identity map onE×E.

(i) A mapAis referred as restricted-accretive regarding the slotςifAis comparative, and there exist two constants0 <α1,α2≤1such that, for anyςΣand arbitrary m(ς),n(ς)∈E,

Am(ς),ς+Im(ς),ςAn(ς),ς+In(ς),ς

α1

Am(ς),ςAn(ς),ς+α2

m(ς)⊕n(ς)

holds.

(ii) A mapA:E×ΣEis called aB-restricted-accretive map regarding the slotςif

A,BandAB:E×ΣA(m(ς),ς)B(m(ς),ς)Eall are comparative and they are comparison regarding the slotςto each other, and∃constants

0 <α1,α2≤1such that, for anyςΣand anym(ς),n(ς)∈E,

Am(ς),ςBm(ς),ς+Im(ς),ς

An(ς),ςBn(ς),ς+In(ς),ς

α1

Am(ς),ςBm(ς),ςAn(ς),ςBn(ς),ς

+α2

m(ς)⊕n(ς)

holds.

Proposition 3([11]) AllowA:EEto be a comparison map,then for each m,nE,the following relations hold:

(i) θ+θ=θ=θ;

(ii) mnmnm+n; (iii) mnmnNmn; (iv) ifmn,thenm⊕n=m–n;

(v) limm→m0A(m) –A(m0)= 0ifflimm→m0A(m)⊕A(m0) = 0.

3 Formatting of the problem

LetΣEbe a non-void open subset in which the parameterςlives. LetM,A,F,g,h: E ×ΣE be single-valued compression maps and rangeg(·,ς)∩domA(·,ς)=Φ, rangeh(·,ς)∩domF(·,ς)=Φfor anyςΣ.

We contemplate the following problem: Findm=m(ς) :ΣEsuch that

θM(m,ς) +Ag(m,ς),ςFh(m,ς),ς. (1)

Problem (1) is referred to as a new class of generalized parametric nonlinear ordered vari-ational inequalities involvingXORoperator (or in short GPNOVI).

3.1 Special cases

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Case 2: IfF(h(m,ς),ς)θandM(m,ς)θ, then problem (1) is transformed into problem (2.1) which was encountered by Li in [9].

Lemma 3.1 AllowM,A,F, (M+A⊕F),g,h,and(M+AF)B:E×ΣEbe the comparison mappings.If[M(m,ς) +A(g(m,ς),ς)F(h(m,ς),ς)]B(m,ς) =θ(θ∈E)

has an answer m∗,then mwill also be an answer to problem(1).

Proof With the help of definitions and conditions on the mappingsM,A,F, (M+AF),

g,h, and (M+AF)B:E×ΣE, the proof follows.

4 Existence result for generalized parametric nonlinear ordered variational inequality problem with⊕operator

In this part of the paper, we will prove the existence of solution of generalized parametric nonlinear ordered variational inequality problem (1).

Theorem 4.1 Let(E,), (C,),N,andΣE have their predefined meaning,and letM,A,F,B,g,h, (M+AF),and(M+AF)B:E×ΣE be compari-son parametric mappings to each other.Suppose that M isλM-ordered compression,A is λA-ordered compression,F isλF-ordered compression,B isλB-ordered compression,g is λg-ordered compression,and h isλh-ordered compression mappings regarding the second

slotς,respectively.Further,if(M+AF) :E×ΣEis a B-restricted accretive map regarding the second slotςfor constantsα1andα2,and for anyτ> 0,the given condition

τλM+ (λAλgλFλh)

λB<

1 –2 1

(2)

holds,then mis the answer to problem(1).

Proof For any givenςΣ andm1=m1(ς) andm2=m2(ς) inE, forτ > 0, letm1(ς)∝ m2(ς), then

Fmi(ς),ς

=τMmi(ς),ς

+Agmi(ς),ς

,ςFhmi(ς),ς

,ς

Bmi(ς),ς

+Imi(ς),ς

, (3)

wherei= 1, 2. It follows from the conditions,M,A,F,B, (M+AF),g,h, and (M+ AF)∧B:E×ΣEare comparison parametric mappings regarding the second slot ςto each other, andm1(ς)∝m2(ς) thatF(m1(ς),ς)F(m2(ς),ς). Using the conditions

of restricted-accretive and the ordered-compression on suitable mappings regarding the second slotς, respectively, and Proposition2, we have

θF(m1,ς)F(m2,ς)

τMm1(ς),ς

+Agm1(ς),ς

,ςFhm1(ς),ς

,ς

Bm1(ς),ς

+Im1(ς),ς

τMm2(ς),ς

+Agm2(ς),ς

,ςFhm2(ς),ς

,ς

Bm2(ς),ς

+Im2(ς),ς

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α1τ

Mm1(ς),ς

+Agm1(ς),ς

,ςFhm1(ς),ς

,ς

Bm1(ς),ς

Mm2(ς),ς

+Agm2(ς),ς

,ςFhm2(ς),ς

,ς

Bm2(ς),ς

+α2

m1(ς)⊕m2(ς)

τ α1

Mm1(ς),ς

+Agm1(ς),ς

,ςFhm1(ς),ς

,ς

Mm2(ς),ς

+Agm2(ς),ς

,ςFhm2(ς),ς

,ς

Bm1(ς),ς

Bm2(ς),ς

+α2

m1(ς)⊕m2(ς)

τ α1

Mm1(ς),ς

Mm2(ς),ς

+Agm1(ς),ς

,ςFhm1(ς),ς

,ς

Agm2(ς),ς

,ςFhm2(ς),ς

,ς

λB

m1(ς)⊕m2(ς)

+α2

m1(ς)⊕m2(ς)

τ α1

λM

m1(ς)⊕m2(ς)

+ (λAλgλFλh)

m1(ς)⊕m2(ς)

λB

m1(ς)⊕m2(ς)

+α2

m1(ς)⊕m2(ς)

τ α1

λM+ (λAλgλFλh)

λB

m1(ς)⊕m2(ς)

+α2

m1(ς)⊕m2(ς)

=τ α1

λM+ (λAλgλFλh)

λB

+α2

m1(ς)⊕m2(ς)

.

Using Definition2.2and Lemma2.1, we obtain

F

m1(ς),ς

Fm2(ς),ςNΨm1(ς) –m2(ς), (4)

where Ψ = [τ α1((λM + (λAλgλFλh))∨λB) +α2]. It follows from condition (2) that

0 < < 1, we realize thatF(m(ς),ς) is a contraction mapping, thenm∗∈E, which is invariant underF(m(ς),ς), andm∗is the answer of problem (1), i.e.,m∗is the solution of the GPNOVI with⊕operator

M(m,ς) +Ag(m,ς),ςFh(m,ς),ςB(m,ς) =θ

for any parametricςΣ. By Lemma3.1, then the generalized parametric nonlinear

or-dered variational inequality (1), there exists a solutionm∗.

5 Sensitivity analysis for GPNOVI with⊕operator

In this part of the article, we will prove sensitivity analysis for generalized parametric non-linear ordered variational inequality problem (1).

Theorem 5.1 Suppose(E,), (C,),N,andΣEhave their predefined meanings.

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g isλg-ordered compression,and h isλh-ordered compression mappings regarding second

slotς,respectively.Further,if(M+A⊕F) :E×ΣEis a B-restricted accretive mapping regarding the second slotς,with constantsα1andα2and for anyτ> 0,

τλM+ (λAλgλFλh)

λB< 1 –α2

α1

(5)

holds,then the answer m(ς)of problem(1)is continuous inΣ.

Proof For givenς,ς¯∈Σ, letm(ς) andm(ς) be two solutions of problem (¯ 1), then for any τ > 0, we have

m(ς) =Fm(ς),ς

=τMm(ς),ς+Agm(ς),ς,ςFhm(ς),ς,ς

Bm(ς),ς+Im(ς),ς,

m(ς) =¯ Fm(ς),¯ ς¯

=τMm(ς),¯ ς¯+Agm(ς),¯ ς¯,ς¯⊕Fhm(ς),¯ ς¯,ς¯

Bm(ς),¯ ς¯+Im(ς),¯ ς¯.

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As per conditions thatM,A,B, (M+AF),g,h, and (M+AF)Bare comparison mappings regarding the second slotς with each other, respectively, and Lemma2.2, we obtain

θ=m(ς)⊕m(ς)¯

=Fm(ς),ςFm(ς),¯ ς¯

Fm(ς),ςθFm(ς),¯ ς¯

=Fm(ς),ςFm(ς),¯ ςFm(ς),¯ ςFm(ς),¯ ς¯. (7)

Further, since (M+AF) is aB-restricted-accretive mapping with constantsα1,α2,M

isλM-ordered compression,AisλA-ordered compression,FisλF-ordered compression, BisλB-ordered compression,gisλg-ordered compression,hisλh-ordered compression, regarding the slotς, respectively, so by Theorem4.1, we obtain

Fm(ς),ςFm(ς),¯ ς

τMm(ς),ς+Agm(ς),ς,ςFhm(ς),ς,ς

Bm(ς),ς+Im(ς),ςτMm(ς),¯ ς+Agm(ς),¯ ς,ς

Fhm(ς),¯ ς,ςBm(ς),¯ ς+Im(ς),¯ ς

α1

τMm(ς),ς+Agm(ς),ς,ςFhm(ς),ς,ςBm(ς),ς

×τMm(ς),¯ ς+Agm(ς¯),ς,ςFhm(ς),¯ ς,ςBm(ς),¯ ς

+α2

m(ς)⊕m(ς)¯

(8)

whereΨ =α1[τ(λM+ (λAλgλFλh))∨λB] +α2< 1 for condition (5), and

Fm(ς),¯ ςFm(ς),¯ ς¯

τMm(ς¯),ς+Agm(ς),¯ ς,ςFhm(ς¯),ς,ς

Bm(ς¯),ς+Im(ς),¯ ς

τMm(ς¯),ς¯+Agm(ς),¯ ς¯,ς¯⊕Fhm(ς¯),ς¯,ς¯

Bm(ς¯),ς¯+Im(ς),¯ ς¯

α1

τMm(ς¯),ς+Agm(ς),¯ ς,ςFhm(ς¯),ς,ς

Bm(ς¯),ς

τMm(ς¯),ς¯+Agm(ς),¯ ς¯,ς¯⊕Fhm(ς¯),ς¯,ς¯

Bm(ς¯),ς¯+α2

m(ς)¯ ⊕m(ς)¯

α1

τMm(ς¯),ς+Agm(ς),¯ ς,ςFhm(ς¯),ς,ς

Mm(ς¯),ς¯+Agm(ς),¯ ς¯,ς¯⊕Fhm(ς¯),ς¯,ς¯

Bm(ς),¯ ςBm(ς),¯ ς¯

α1

τMm(ς¯),ςMm(ς),¯ ς¯+Agm(ς),¯ ς,ς

Agm(ς),¯ ς¯,ς¯⊕Fhm(ς),¯ ς,ςFhm(ς),¯ ς¯,ς¯

Bm(ς),¯ ςBm(ς),¯ ς¯. (9)

Combining equations (7), (8), and (9), and by making use of Lemma2.2, we obtain

m(ς)⊕m(ς)¯ ≤Ψm(ς)⊕m(ς¯)⊕α1

τMm(ς),¯ ςMm(ς¯),ς¯

+Agm(ς),¯ ς,ςAgm(ς),¯ ς¯,ς¯

Fhm(ς),¯ ς,ςFhm(ς),¯ ς¯,ς¯

Bm(ς),¯ ςBm(ς),¯ ς¯,

(1⊕Ψ)m(ς)⊕m(ς)¯ ≤α1

τMm(ς),¯ ςMm(ς),¯ ς¯

+Agm(ς),¯ ς,ςAgm(ς),¯ ς¯,ς¯

Fhm(ς¯),ς,ςFhm(ς),¯ ς¯,ς¯

Bm(ς),¯ ςBm(ς),¯ ς¯,

m(ς)⊕m(ς)¯ ≤ α1 1⊕Ψ

τMm(ς),¯ ςMm(ς¯),ς¯ (10)

+Agm(ς),¯ ς,ςAgm(ς),¯ ς¯,ς¯

Fhm(ς),¯ ς,ςFhm(ς),¯ ς¯,ς¯

Bm(ς),¯ ςBm(ς),¯ ς¯

α1

1⊕Ψ

(9)

+Agm(ς),¯ ς,ςAgm(ς),¯ ς¯,ςAgm(ς),¯ ς¯,ς

Agm(ς),¯ ς¯,ς¯⊕Fhm(ς),¯ ς,ςFhm(ς¯),ς¯,ς

Fhm(ς),¯ ς¯,ςFhm(ς),¯ ς¯,ς¯

Bm(ς),¯ ςBm(ς),¯ ς¯.

Using the continuity of the parametric mappings regarding the second slotςΣ, we have

lim ς→ ¯ς

gm(ς),¯ ςgm(ς¯),ς¯= 0,

lim ς→ ¯ςh

m(ς),¯ ςhm(ς),¯ ς¯= 0,

lim ς→ ¯ς

B

m(ς),¯ ςBm(ς),¯ ς¯= 0,

lim ς→ ¯ς

A

gm(ς),¯ ς,ςAgm(ς),¯ ς,ς¯= 0,

lim ς→ ¯ς

F(·,ς) –F(·,ς¯)= 0,

lim ς→ ¯ς

M(·,ς) –M(·,ς)¯ = 0.

From Proposition3, we have

lim ς→ ¯ς

m(ς)⊕m(ς)¯ =θ

and

lim ς→ ¯ς

m(ς) –m(ς)¯ = 0. (11)

It ensures that the answerm(ς) of problem (1) is continuous atς=ς.¯

Acknowledgements

Not applicable.

Funding

Not applicable.

Availability of data and materials

Not applicable.

Competing interests

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Authors’ contributions

The authors contributed equally and significantly in writing this paper. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Author details

1Department of Mathematics, College of Arts and Sciences, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Wadi Aldawasir,

Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.2Department of Mathematics, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India.

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