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ﺮﺑ
رﺎﻛ
ﻂﻴﺤﻣ
رد
ﻲﻫﺎﮕﺸﻳﺎﻣزآ
مﻮﻠﻋ
ﻪﺘﺷر
سورد
دﺮﺑرﺎﻛ
ناﺰﻴﻣ
ﻲﺳر
نﺎﻳﺪﻤﺤﻣرﻮﻧ اﺮﻫز
1،
ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺎﺳ هﺮﻄﻗ نﺎﻬﻴﻛ
1 *ﻲﺧﺮﻓ ﺖﻔﻋ ،
2،
ﺲﻳرد ﻪﻤﻃﺎﻓ
3،
نﺎﻳﺮﺒﻛا ﻞﻴﻋﺎﻤﺳا
11 ناﺮﻳا ،دﺮﻛﺮﻬﺷ ،دﺮﻛﺮﻬﺷ ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ مﻮﻠﻋ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ،ﻲﻨﻴﻟﺎﺑ ﻲﻤﻴﺷﻮﻴﺑ تﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﺰﻛﺮﻣ ،ﻲﻤﻴﺷﻮﻴﺑ هوﺮﮔ ؛ 2 ﻮﻣ و ﻲﻟﻮﻠﺳ تﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﺰﻛﺮﻣ ،ﻮﺠﺸﻧاد ﻲﻟﻮﻜﻟ ، ناﺮﻳا ،دﺮﻛﺮﻬﺷ ،دﺮﻛﺮﻬﺷ ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ مﻮﻠﻋ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ؛ 3 هوﺮﮔ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ،رﺎﻣآ ،دﺮﻛﺮﻬﺷ ،دﺮﻛﺮﻬﺷ ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ مﻮﻠﻋ ناﺮﻳا . ﺦﻳرﺎﺗ :ﺖﻓﺎﻳرد 5 / 11 / 92 ﺦﻳرﺎﺗ شﺮﻳﺬﭘ : 19 / 6 / 93 :ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ ياﺮﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺎﻳﻮﭘ و ﺮﻤﺘﺴﻣ ﺖﺳا يﺪﻨﻳاﺮﻓ شزﻮﻣآ ﺮﻈﻧدرﻮﻣفاﺪﻫاﻪﺑﻞﻴﻧ ﻪﺑﺪﻳﺎﺑنآ يﺎﻫرﻮﺘﻛﺎﻓوﻞﻣاﻮﻋ دﻮﺷﻪﺟﻮﺗيدﺎﻳز ) 1 ﻪﻜﻨﻳاﻪﺑﻪﺟﻮﺗﺎﺑ .( نﺎﮕﺘﺧﻮﻣآﺶﻧاد ،ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﻲﺷزﻮﻣآ يﺎﻫ ﺖﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﻲﻠﺻا رﻮﺤﻣ ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ نآ هﺎﮔﺪﻳد و ﻲﻃﺎﺒﺗرا ،ﻲﻨﻴﻟﺎﺑيﺎﻫ ﻲﻳﺎﻧاﻮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﺎﻫ ءﺎﻘﺗرا ﻪﺑ ،يا ﻪﻓﺮﺣ ﺶﻘﻧ يﺎﻔﻳا رﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻲﺘﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﺪﻨﻛﻲﻣﻚﻤﻛﻲﺷزﻮﻣآيﺎﻫﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ) 2 (. رد ود ﻪﻫد ﺮﻴﺧا ، شزﻮﻣآ ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ رد نﺎﻬﺟ شﺮﺘﺴﮔ ور ﺑ يﺪﺷر ﻪ ) ﺖﺳا ﻪﺘﺷاد 3 رد .( يﺎﻫرﻮﺸﻛ ﻲﻳﺎﭘورا و تﻻﺎﻳا شﻼﺗ هﺪﺤﺘﻣ يﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ياﺮﺑ يﺎﻘﺗرا ﺖﻴﻔﻴﻛ شزﻮﻣآ ﺖﻬﺟ ﺖﺒﻗاﺮﻣ دﻮﺒﻬﺑ زا نارﺎﻤﻴﺑ و يﺮﻴﮔﻮﻠﺟ زا تﺎﻫﺎﺒﺘﺷا ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﻂﺳﻮﺗيﺮﻴﮕﺸﻴﭘ نﺎﻜﺷﺰﭘ ﻪﺑ دﻮﺟو هﺪﻣآ ) ﺖﺳا 4 رد .( ﻦﻳا ﻲﺗاﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﺎﺘﺳار رد ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﺎﻫ ي ﻲﺷزﻮﻣآ ياﺮﺑ ﺖﻴﺑﺮﺗ يوﺮﻴﻧ ﺺﺼﺨﺘﻣﻲﻧﺎﺴﻧا و ﺑ دﻮﺒﻬ ﺖﻴﻔﻴﻛ نﺎﻣرد ا اﺮﺟ ﻲﻣ ) دﻮﺷ 6،5 (. ﻪﺧﺎﺷ ﺮﻳزﻲﻫﺎﮕﺸﻳﺎﻣزآ مﻮﻠﻋ ﻪﺘﺷر هوﺮﮔ زايا ردنﺎﮕﺘﺧﻮﻣآﺶﻧادﻪﺑﻪﻛﺖﺳاﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ ﺚﺣﺎﺒﻣهرودﻦﻳا ﻲﻫﺎﮕﺸﻳﺎﻣزآ مﻮﻠﻋ يرﻮﺌﺗ و ﻲﻠﻤﻋ ﺚﺣﺎﺒﻣ ،ﻪﻳﺎﭘ مﻮﻠﻋ :هﺪﻴﻜﭼ
ﻪﻨﻴﻣز
و
:
فﺪﻫ
ﺪﻨﻳاﺮﻓ رد يﺪﻨﻤﺷزرا تاﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ناﻮﺗ ﻲﻣ هﺎﮕﺸﻳﺎﻣزآ رد ﻞﻏﺎﺷ ﻞﻨﺳﺮﭘ تاﺮﻈﻧ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ آ مﻮﻠﻋ نﺎﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧاد شزﻮﻣآ ﺑﻲﻫﺎﮕﺸﻳﺎﻣز ﻪ ﻪﺘﺷر سورد دﺮﺑرﺎﻛ ناﺰﻴﻣﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦﻳا زا فﺪﻫ .دروآ دﻮﺟو .ﺪﺷﺎﺑﻲﻣرﺎﻛﻂﻴﺤﻣردﻲﻫﺎﮕﺸﻳﺎﻣزآمﻮﻠﻋ:
ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ
شور
ﻲﻔﻴﺻﻮﺗ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦﻳا رد -ﺪﺷ مﺎﺠﻧا يرﺎﻤﺷﺮﺳشور ﺎﺑ ﻪﻛ ﻲﻌﻄﻘﻣ . ود ﻞﻣﺎﺷ يا ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ و ماﺪﺨﺘﺳا عﻮﻧ و ﻲﻠﻴﺼﺤﺗ كرﺪﻣ ،ﺲﻨﺟ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﻚﻴﻓاﺮﮔﻮﻣد تﺎﻋﻼﻃا ،ﺶﺨﺑ ﻪﻨﻴﻣز رد ﻲﺠﻨﺳ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺶﺨﺑ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﻲﻠﻤﻋويرﻮﺌﺗ زاﻢﻋا ﻪﻳﺎﭘوﻲﺼﺼﺨﺗﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣسوردشزﻮﻣآيﺎﻫﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ 70 ردﻞﻏﺎﺷﻞﻨﺳﺮﭘزاﺮﻔﻧ هﺎﮕﺸﻳﺎﻣزآ ﻞﻴﻤﻜﺗﻲﺘﻟوديﺎﻫ و سورددﺮﺑرﺎﻛناﺰﻴﻣ رﺎﻛﻂﻴﺤﻣرد ﺪﺷﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ .:
ﺎﻫ
ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ
ﺑﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧسﺎﺳاﺮﺑ ﻪ ﻲﺼﺼﺨﺗسوردﻦﻴﺑردهﺪﻣآﺖﺳد ، ﻲﻠﻤﻋيژﻮﻟﻮﺗﺎﻤﻫ ) 3 / 74 % ( ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷيﺮﺘﻛﺎﺑو ﻠﻤﻋ ) ﻲ 4 / 71 % ﻳﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ( ﻦ دﺮﺑرﺎﻛ و ﺎﺑ ماﺪﻛﺮﻫيرﻮﺌﺗ و ﻲﻠﻤﻋﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﺐﻴﺳآسورد 9 / 2 % رددﺮﺑرﺎﻛﻦﻳﺮﺘﻤﻛ .ﺪﻧدادصﺎﺼﺘﺧادﻮﺧﻪﺑاررﺎﻛﻂﻴﺤﻣ زاﻲﺼﺼﺨﺗسورددﺮﺑرﺎﻛﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ رﻮﻃﻪﺑ ﻲﻧادرﺎﻛكرﺪﻣﺎﺑداﺮﻓاﺮﻈﻧ وﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷرﺎﻛكرﺪﻣﺎﺑداﺮﻓازايرادﻲﻨﻌﻣ ) دﻮﺑﺮﺘﻤﻛﺪﺷراﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷرﺎﻛ 05 / 0 < P .( ﻪﻳﺎﭘسوردﻦﻴﺑرد ، ﻲﻤﻴﺷﻮﻴﺑ ) ﻲﻠﻤﻋﻲﻣﻮﻤﻋ 3 / 44 % ) نﺎﺑزو ( 30 % سوردودﺮﺑرﺎﻛﻦﻳﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ( ﺑ ﺖﻓﺎ ويرﻮﺌﺗﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷ يرﻮﺌﺗﻲﻣﻮﺗﺎﻧآ ماﺪﻛﺮﻫ ﺎﺑ ﻲﻧاواﺮﻓ 3 / 4 % يرﻮﺌﺗﻲﻣﻮﻤﻋﻚﻳﺰﻴﻓو ﺎﺑ ﻲﻧاواﺮﻓ 9 / 2 % ﺪﻧاﻪﺘﺷادهﺎﮕﺸﻳﺎﻣزآرداردﺮﺑرﺎﻛﻦﻳﺮﺘﻤﻛ .:
يﺮﻴﮔ
ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ
ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗﻦﻳاﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻖﺒﻃ ﺬﻟ؛ﺪﻧا ﻪﺘﺷادرﺎﻛ ﻂﻴﺤﻣرداردﺮﺑرﺎﻛﻦﻳﺮﺘﻤﻛ ﻪﻳﺎﭘسورد ا ﻦﻳايﺮﮕﻧزﺎﺑ سورد ﺖﻬﺟرد نﺪﺷيدﺮﺑرﺎﻛ نآ ﺖﺳايروﺮﺿومزﻻيﺮﻣا،ﺎﻫ . هژاو يﺪﻴﻠﻛيﺎﻫ : ﻲﻠﻐﺷترﺎﻬﻣ،شزﻮﻣآ،ﻪﻳﺎﭘسورد،ﻲﺼﺼﺨﺗسورد،ﻲﻫﺎﮕﺸﻳﺎﻣزآمﻮﻠﻋ .آ .دﻮﺷﻲﻣهدادشزﻮﻣ هﮋﻳو ﺖﻴﻤﻫاﺚﻋﺎﺑﻪﻛﻪﭽﻧآ ﻦﻳا ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ مﻮﻠﻋ رد ﻪﺘﺷر ؛ رد نآ ﻢﻬﻣ ﺶﻘﻧ ﺺﻴﺨﺸﺗ يرﺎﻤﻴﺑزايﺮﻴﮕﺸﻴﭘونﺎﻣرد، ﺪﺷﺎﺑﻲﻣﺎﻫ ) 7 .( ﻆﻔﺣ ﻲﺒﻃ ﺺﻴﺨﺸﺗ يﺎﻫ هﺎﮕﺸﻳﺎﻣزآ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا نوﺪﺑ ﺎﻫ يرﺎﻤﻴﺑ عﻮﻴﺷ زا يﺮﻴﮔﻮﻠﺟ و ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ) دﻮﺑ ﺪﻫاﻮﺨﻧ ﺮﻳﺬﭘ نﺎﻜﻣا 8 ( . ﺎﻫ هﺎﮕﺸﻳﺎﻣزآ 70 ﺎﺗ 80 ﺷاﺪﻬﺑيﺎﻫﺖﺒﻗاﺮﻣﻪﻨﻳﺰﻫﺪﺻرد ﺑارﻲﺘ ﻪ صﺎﺼﺘﺧادﻮﺧ ) ﺪﻨﻫد ﻲﻣ 9 (. ﻪﺘﺷر زا ﻪﺘﺷر ﻦﻳا ﻞﻴﻟد ﻦﻴﻤﻫ ﻪﺑ يﺎﻫ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻦﻳا زا .ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ مﻮﻠﻋ يﺎﻫ ﺶﻳاﺮﮔ ياﺰﺴﺑ ﻢﻬﺳ ﻪﺘﺷﺬﮔ مﻮﻠﻋ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ يﺎﻫ ﺖﻓﺮﺸﻴﭘ رد ﻲﻫﺎﮕﺸﻳﺎﻣزآ نوﺰﻓا زور و ﺮﻴﮕﻤﺸﭼ يﺎﻫ ﻨﻓ ﺎ يرو ﺖﺴﺗوﻚﻴﺘﻧژ،يژﻮﻟﻮﻨﻜﺗﻮﻴﺑيﺎﻫ ﻲﺼﻴﺨﺸﺗيﺎﻫ ﻦﻳا ﺖﻴﻤﻫا ﺮﺑ ﺪﻳﺪﺟ مﻮﻠﻋ ﻪﺘﺷر .ﺪﻳاﺰﻓا ﻲﻣ ﻪﺘﺷر ﻪﺘﺷرﻲﻫﺎﮕﺸﻳﺎﻣزآ ﻢﻠﻋﺮﺑهوﻼﻋﻪﻛﺖﺳايا ﺮﺑ ترﺎﻬﻣ ﺰﻴﻧﻲﻠﻤﻋ ﻪﻴﻜﺗ دراد ﻼﻋﻪﻛﻲﻧﺎﻧاﻮﺟو ﻗ ﻲﻠﻤﻋرﺎﻛﻪﺑﺪﻨﻤ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ و ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ سﺎﺴﺣ نﺪﺑ نﻮﮔﺎﻧﻮﮔ يﺎﻫ ﻲﻣﻖﻓﻮﻣﻪﺘﺷرﻦﻳارد،ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻴﻧ ﺪﻧﻮﺷ . مﻮﻠﻋ ﻪﺘﺷر ﻲﺷزﻮﻣآ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ زا فﺪﻫ ﺮﻓا ﺖﻴﺑﺮﺗ ﻲﻫﺎﮕﺸﻳﺎﻣزآ ﺪﻨﻧاﻮﺘﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳا يدا رد ﺎﻳ هﺎﮕﺸﻳﺎﻣزآ هﺎﮕﺸﻳﺎﻣزآو ﺎﻫ نﺎﺘﺳرﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻲﻨﻴﻟﺎﺑ يﺎﻫ يﺎﻫ ﺎﺑوﺪﻧاﻪﺘﺧﻮﻣآﻪﻛﻲﺻﺎﺼﺘﺧا ﺶﻧادﺎﺑﻲﺘﺷاﺪﻬﺑﺰﻛاﺮﻣ ﺑ ﻪ هﺎﮕﺘﺳد يﺮﻴﮔرﺎﻛ و هﺪﻴﭽﻴﭘ ﻲﻜﻴﻧوﺮﺘﻜﻟا يﺎﻫ ﺎﻳونﻮﺧيورارﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ تﺎﺸﻳﺎﻣزآدﺪﻌﺘﻣيﺎﻫشور تﺎﻋﻼﻃا و ﺪﻨﻫد مﺎﺠﻧا نﺪﺑ جﺎﺴﻧا و تﺎﻌﻳﺎﻣ ﺮﮕﻳد و ﺑ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻪ رد ار ﻚﺷﺰﭘ تﺎﺸﻳﺎﻣزآ ﻦﻳا زا هﺪﻣآ ﺖﺳد و نﺎﻣرد ﺪﻧور ،يرﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺺﻴﺨﺸﺗ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﻆﻔﺣ و ﺪﻨﻫد يرﺎﻳ ﺎﻳ رد ﺶﺨﺑ ﺮﻳﺎﺳ هﺎﮕﺸﻳﺎﻣزآ يﺎﻫ يﺎﻫ ﻲﺧﺮﺑﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘﺮﻴﻏ زا هﺎﮕﺸﻳﺎﻣزآ ،ﻲﻳاﺬﻏﻊﻳﺎﻨﺻيﺎﻫ ياﻪﻧﺎﺧرﺎﻛوﻲﺘﻌﻨﺻﺎﻳوﻲﻳوراد ﺑلﻮﻐﺸﻣ ﻪ رﺎﻛ ﻮﺷ ﻧ ﺪ ) 7 اﻪﻜﻨﻳاﻪﺑﺮﻈﻧ .( ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗوﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗلﺎﺣردًﺎﻤﺋادﻪﺘﺷرﻦﻳ شزﻮﻣآيﻮﺤﻧﻪﺑﺪﻳﺎﺑ ﻪﺘﺷرﻦﻳانﻼﻴﺼﺤﺘﻟاغرﺎﻓ،ﺖﺳا و ﺶﻧاد ﻪﻛ ﺪﻨﻴﺒﺑ ﺎﺑ دﻮﺧ ﻖﻴﺒﻄﺗ ياﺮﺑ ﻲﻓﺎﻛ ترﺎﻬﻣ نوﺰﻓا زور ﺖﻓﺮﺸﻴﭘ .ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ ﻪﺘﺷاد ار ﺪﻳﺪﺟ يژﻮﻟﻮﻨﻜﺗ ،زوﺮﻣانﺎﻬﺟرديروﺎﻨﻓتاﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗﺖﻋﺮﺳويﺮﺸﺑﺶﻧاد و شزﻮﻣآدﺎﻬﻧ ﻪﺘﺷادنآ ﺮﺑارشروﺮﭘ ﻪﺘﺳﻮﻴﭘﺎﺗ ﺖﺳا وﺎﻫﺶﻧاديﺮﻴﮔاﺮﻓياﺮﺑ لﺎﺒﻧدﻪﺑﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣيﺎﻫترﺎﻬﻣ ) ﺪﺷﺎﺑﻲﺷزﻮﻣآﻦﻳﻮﻧيﺎﻫشورﻒﺸﻛ 10 يﺰﻳرﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ .( ﻲﺳرد ﻪﺑوﺖﻗوفﻼﺗازايﺮﻴﮕﺸﻴﭘﺐﺟﻮﻣﻲﺷزﻮﻣآو رد .دﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ يدﺎﻣ و ﻲﻧﺎﺴﻧا يﺎﻫ ﻪﻳﺎﻣﺮﺳ ﻦﺘﻓر رﺪﻫ ﻲﺣاﺮﻃ و يﺰﻳر ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﺮﺑ ﻲﻨﺘﺒﻣ يﺎﻫ شزﻮﻣآ عﻮﻤﺠﻣ ﻲﺳردﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ،يﺮﻴﮔﻢﻴﻤﺼﺗ،ﺮﻜﻔﺗﺎﺑارﻲﺷزﻮﻣآتﺎﻣاﺪﻗا، يﺮﮕﻧهﺪﻨﻳآ و ﺮﺑﻲﻨﺘﺒﻣ،ﻞﻜﺸﻣﻞﺣ ولﻮﺻا شور يﺎﻫ و دزﺎﺳ ﻲﻣ هاﺮﻤﻫ ﻲﻤﻠﻋ ﺮﻴﺴﻣ رد ار ﺎﻫ ﺖﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﻪﻴﻠﻛ هﺪﺷﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗﺶﻴﭘزافاﺪﻫا ، ًﺎﺘﻳﺎﻬﻧوﺪﻫدﻲﻣقﻮﺳ مﺎﺠﻧا شزﻮﻣآﻲﺸﺨﺑﺮﺛاوﻲﻳآرﺎﻛﺶﻳاﺰﻓاﺐﺟﻮﻣنآﺢﻴﺤﺻ ) ﺪﺷﺪﻫاﻮﺧ 11 .( ﺷزﻮﻣآ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﺪﻳﺎﺑ ﻲﻫﺎﮕﺸﻳﺎﻣزآ مﻮﻠﻋ ﻪﺘﺷر ﻲ نﻮﭽﻤﻫ ﻲﻳﺎﻫ يﮋﺗاﺮﺘﺳا ياراد ﻪﻛ دﻮﺷ ﻦﻳوﺪﺗ يرﻮﻃ و ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ زﺎﻴﻧ درﻮﻣ ﻲﻨﻴﻟﺎﺑ ﻲﻫﺎﮕﺸﻳﺎﻣزآ تﺎﻣﺪﺧ ﺰﻛاﺮﻣ ويﺮﻴﮕﺸﻴﭘياﺮﺑﻪﻛرﻮﺸﻛﻲﺘﺷاﺪﻬﺑ مزﻻﺖﻣﻼﺳﻆﻔﺣ ﺗﺖﺳا ﺄ وﺪﻳﺎﻤﻧﻦﻴﻣ ولﻮﺻازا ﺲﻳرﺪﺗشورﺪﻳﺪﺟنﻮﻨﻓ و يﺮﻈﻧيﺎﻫﻪﻄﻴﺣرديﺮﻴﮔدﺎﻳ -وﻲﻠﻤﻋ ﻣآرﺎﻛ رديزﻮ ﻪﺻﺮﻋ ردﺪﻨﻧاﻮﺘﺑنﻼﻴﺼﺤﺘﻟاغرﺎﻓﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ .ددﺮﮔهدﺎﻔﺘﺳا و ﻲﺗﺎﻣﺪﺧ ،ﻲﺗﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ ،ﻲﺷزﻮﻣآ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ يﺎﻫ ﻪﻄﻴﺣ ار ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ زﺎﻴﻧ درﻮﻣ ﻲﻫﺎﮕﺸﻳﺎﻣزآ تﺎﻣﺪﺧ ،يﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ وﺪﻨﻫد ﺶﺷﻮﭘ و ﻊﻳﺮﺳ ﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗﻪﺑ ﺮﻈﻧ شورمواﺪﻣ يﺎﻫ ﻖﻴﺒﻄﺗﻲﻳﺎﻧاﻮﺗزاﻪﺘﺷرﻦﻳانﻼﻴﺼﺤﺘﻟاغرﺎﻓﻲﻫﺎﮕﺸﻳﺎﻣزآ ﻮﻟﻮﻨﻜﺗﺎﺑدﻮﺧ ) ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑرادرﻮﺧﺮﺑﺪﻳﺪﺟيژ 7 .( ﺶﻧاد ﻪﺘﺷر ﻦﻳا نﺎﮕﺘﺧﻮﻣآ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻛ هﺪﻨﻳآ ورﺎﻛﻪﺻﺮﻋﻪﺑ ﺎﭘﻚﻳدﺰﻧهﺪﻨﻳآرد ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟنازﺎﺳ ﻲﻣ شﻼﺗ ﺪﻧراﺬﮔ ، ﻲﻣ هرﺎﺑرد ﺪﻨﻤﺷزرا تاﺮﻈﻧ ﺪﻨﻧاﻮﺗ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﻪﺋارايﺮﻴﮔدﺎﻳﺪﻨﻳاﺮﻓ ﺮﺑنآ ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗو ﻲﺷزﻮﻣآيﺎﻫ ناواﺮﻓ ﺖﻴﻤﻫا ﺰﺋﺎﺣ ﻲﺷزﻮﻣآ ﺰﻛاﺮﻣ ياﺮﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻨﻫد دﻮﺑ ﺪﻫاﻮﺧ ) 12 .( ﻲﺷزﻮﻣآ يﺎﻫ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ و ﺎﻫحﺮﻃ ﺮﮔا ﺎﻫرﻮﺸﻛﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟاﻂﻳاﺮﺷوياﻪﻓﺮﺣيﺎﻫزﺎﻴﻧﺎﺑﺐﺳﺎﻨﺘﻣ نآ ﺪﺷﺎﺒﻧ رد ار ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﺢﻄﺳ دﻮﺑ ﺪﻨﻫاﻮﺨﻧ ردﺎﻗ ﺎﻫ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟاﺮﻈﻧزامدﺮﻣﻪﻛﺪﻨﻧﺎﺳﺮﺑﻲﺤﻄﺳﻪﺑدﻮﺧﻊﻣاﻮﺟ ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑﻪﺘﺷاديﺪﻟﻮﻣﻲﮔﺪﻧزيدﺎﺼﺘﻗاو ؛ زاﻲﻜﻳﻦﻳاﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ ا رد ﻢﻬﻣ ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ نﺎﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧاد هﺰﻴﮕﻧا ﺶﻳاﺰﻓ ﻦﻳا ﻦﺘﻓﺮﮔدﺎﻳ تروﺮﺿ ،ﻲﻫﺎﮕﺸﻧاد سورد يﺮﻴﮔدﺎﻳ
.ﺖﺳا هﺪﻨﻳآ ﻲﻠﻐﺷ ﻒﻳﺎﻇو مﺎﺠﻧا ياﺮﺑ سورد ﺖﻠﻔﻏ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺳا ﻦﻜﻤﻣ سورد يﺮﻈﻧ ﻲﻧﺎﺒﻣ زا ﻦﻴﺳرﺪﻣ و ﻲﺻﺎﺼﺘﺧا ،ﻪﻳﺎﭘ سورد ﻦﻴﺑ فﺎﻜﺷ نﺪﺷ ﻖﻴﻤﻋ دﻮﺷﺮﺠﻨﻣيزﻮﻣآرﺎﻛ ) 13 (. رد ﻲﺧﺮﺑ دراﻮﻣ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ يﺮﺘﻤﻛ ﻪﺑ ﺖﻴﻔﻴﻛ زﻮﻣآ ش ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ﺎﻫ و دﻮﺒﻬﺑ يﺎﻘﺗرا نآ دﻮﺟو ﻪﺘﺷاد ﺖﺳا ) 14 .( ياﺮﺑ ﺎﻣا نﺪﻴﺳر ﻪﺑ ﺖﻴﻔﻴﻛ بﻮﻠﻄﻣ رد شزﻮﻣآ اﺪﺘﺑا ﺪﻳﺎﺑ شزﻮﻣآﺖﻴﻔﻴﻛ ﺎﻫ ار ﻲﺑﺎﻳزرا و ﺲﭙﺳ تاﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ مزﻻ ار ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑرد يﺎﻫ ﻲﺷزﻮﻣآ دﺎﺠﻳا ) دﺮﻛ 15 ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺳ .( ﻲﺷزﻮﻣآ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣﺰﻴﻧ ﺮﻫ ﻧ دﺎﻬ يﺮﮕﻳد ﻦﻜﻤﻣ ﺖﺳا ﻪﺑ ﺖﻠﻋ تﻼﻜﺸﻣ و ﻛ رﺎﭼد ﺎﻫدﻮﺒﻤ ءﻮﺳ دﺮﻛرﺎﻛ هﺪﺷ و ﻧ ﺪﻧاﻮﺘ ﻒﻳﺎﻇو دﻮﺧ ار ﻪﺑ ﻲﺘﺳرد ﺪﻫدمﺎﺠﻧا ﻪﻛ ﻦﻳا ﺮﻣا ﺐﺟﻮﻣ رﺪﻫ ﻦﺘﻓر ﻪﻳﺎﻣﺮﺳ و مﺪﻋ ﺐﺴﻛ بﻮﻠﻄﻣﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﻲﻣ دﻮﺷ ) 16 ( ؛ ﻪﺑ ﻦﻴﻤﻫ ﺖﻠﻋ ﺖﺧﺎﻨﺷ تﻼﻜﺸﻣ و و ﻦﻳوﺪﺗ ياﺮﺟا ﺑ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮ ﺎﻫ و حﻼﺻا نآ ﺎﻫ و ﻧ ﺰﻴ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺖﻴﻔﻴﻛ هﺎﮕﻳﺎﺟ،شزﻮﻣآ هﮋﻳو يا ياﺮﺑ نﺪﻴﺳر ﻪﺑ فاﺪﻫا ا ﻲﻠﺻ ﺰﻛاﺮﻣ ) درادﻲﺷزﻮﻣآ 18،17 .( ﻦﻴﺑ رد ﻪﻛ ﺎﺠﻧآ زا نﺎﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧاد مﻮﻠﻋ ﻪﺘﺷر ﻲﻫﺎﮕﺸﻳﺎﻣزآ ﺑ ، ﻪ يﺎﻫ هﺎﮕﺸﻳﺎﻣزآ هﺪﻨﻳآ ﻞﻨﺳﺮﭘ ناﻮﻨﻋ رﻮﺸﻛ ﻲﻤﻛ وﻲﻔﻴﻛ ﺢﻄﺳ وندﻮﺑ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳاﻞﺑﺎﻗ ناﺰﻴﻣ و ﺪﻳدﺮﺗ درﻮﻣﻪﺸﻴﻤﻫ ﻲﺼﺼﺨﺗ وﻪﻳﺎﭘ سورد شزﻮﻣآ ندﻮﺑﺪﻴﻔﻣناﺰﻴﻣزاﻲﻫﺎﮔآﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫوهدﻮﺑلاﺆﺳ سورد ﻲﺼﺼﺨﺗ و ﻪﻳﺎﭘ رد ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﺖﻬﺟ يﺰﻳر و هﺪﻨﻳآ يﺎﻫ شور دﺮﺑرﺎﻛ هﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗﺮﺗﺮﺛﺆﻣ وﺮﺘﻬﺑ ﻲﺷزﻮﻣآ يﺎﻫ ﺖﺳا ؛ اﺬﻟ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻦﻳا فﺪﻫ ﺎﺑ ناﺰﻴﻣ ﻲﻳﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ دﺮﺑرﺎﻛ ﻲﺼﺼﺨﺗ و ﻪﻳﺎﭘ سورد زا ﻲﻫﺎﮕﺸﻳﺎﻣزآ مﻮﻠﻋ ﻞﻨﺳﺮﭘ نﺎﺘﺳرﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ مﻮﻠﻋ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ﻪﺑ ﻪﺘﺴﺑاو يﺎﻫ مﺎﺠﻧا .ﺪﻳدﺮﮔ ﻲﺳرﺮﺑشور : ﻣ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻚﻳ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄ ﻲﻔﻴﺻﻮﺗ -ﻲﻠﻴﻠﺤﺗ عﻮﻧزا ﻲﻌﻄﻘﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑﻲﻣ لﺎﺳردﻪﻛ 1389 ﻲﺳرﺮﺑفﺪﻫﺎﺑ هﺎﮕﺸﻧادﻪﺑﻪﺘﺴﺑاوﻲﻫﺎﮕﺸﻳﺎﻣزآمﻮﻠﻋﻪﺘﺷرﻞﻨﺳﺮﭘتاﺮﻈﻧ سورد دﺮﺑرﺎﻛ ناﺰﻴﻣ درﻮﻣ رد دﺮﻛﺮﻬﺷ ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ مﻮﻠﻋ رﺎﻛ ﻂﻴﺤﻣرد ﻲﻫﺎﮕﺸﻳﺎﻣزآ مﻮﻠﻋ ﻪﺘﺷر هﺪﻳدﺮﮔ ﻲﺣاﺮﻃ ﺖﺳا ﺎﺑياﻪﻣﺎﻧﺶﻫوﮋﭘياﺮﺟاياﺮﺑ . رﻮﻣاﺖﺳﺎﻳريﺎﻀﻣا ﻪﺑ ﺮﮕﺸﻫوﮋﭘ ﺎﺑ يرﺎﻜﻤﻫ ﺮﺑ ﻲﻨﺒﻣ ﺎﻫ هﺎﮕﺸﻳﺎﻣزآ ﻂﺑار ﻖﻳﺮﻃ زا ﺎﻫ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ .ﺪﺷ لﺎﺳرا ﺎﻫ هﺎﮕﺸﻳﺎﻣزآ زا ﺲﭘ و ﻊﻳزﻮﺗ ﺎﻫ هﺎﮕﺸﻳﺎﻣزآ ﻞﻨﺳﺮﭘ ﻦﻴﺑ هﺪﺷ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ ﻪﺑيﺮﻴﮔﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ .ﺪﺷيروآﻊﻤﺟﻂﺑارﻂﺳﻮﺗنﺪﺷﻞﻴﻤﻜﺗ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣدرﻮﻣﺖﻴﻌﻤﺟويرﺎﻤﺷﺮﺳشور 70 ﻧ ﻞﻨﺳﺮﭘزاﺮﻔ ﻞﻏﺎﺷ رد ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘمﻮﻠﻋهﺎﮕﺸﻧادﻪﺑﻪﺘﺴﺑاويﺎﻫهﺎﮕﺸﻳﺎﻣزآ ﺪﻧدﻮﺑدﺮﻛﺮﻬﺷ . راﺰﺑا يروآدﺮﮔ هداد ﻪﺑﺎﻫ ترﻮﺻ ﻚﻳ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ .دﻮﺑ ﻪﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﻖﻘﺤﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻜﻨﻳا ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ ًﺎﻓﺮﺻ ﺎﺑ ﻦﻳوﺎﻨﻋ سورد ﻪﺘﺷر ﻞﺼﻓﺮﺳسﺎﺳاﺮﺑﻲﻫﺎﮕﺸﻳﺎﻣزآمﻮﻠﻋ دﻮﺑهﺪﺷﻪﻴﻬﺗﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘشزﻮﻣآونﺎﻣرد،ﺖﺷاﺪﻬﺑترازو ؛ ﻪﺑزﺎﻴﻧ وﻲﻳاورﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ ﺖﺷاﺪﻧﻲﻳﺎﭘﺎﭘ . ﻞﻣﺎﺷﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﻦﻳا كرﺪﻣ ،ﺲﻨﺟ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﻚﻴﻓاﺮﮔﻮﻣد تﺎﻋﻼﻃا ،ﺶﺨﺑ ود ﻪﻨﻴﻣز رد ﻲﺠﻨﺳﺮﻈﻧ ﺶﺨﺑ و ماﺪﺨﺘﺳا عﻮﻧ و ﻲﻠﻴﺼﺤﺗ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ) ﻲﺼﺼﺨﺗﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ سوردشزﻮﻣآيﺎﻫ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ 25 ﻞﻣﺎﺷ) ﻪﻳﺎﭘ و (لاﻮﺳ 17 ﻲﻠﻤﻋ ويرﻮﺌﺗزاﻢﻋا (لاﻮﺳ و ﻢﻛ) تﺮﻜﻴﻟسﺎﻴﻘﻣﺎﺑ 1 ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ، 2 ز، دﺎﻳ 3 ﺶﺳﺮﭘدرﻮﻣ ( ﺖﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ ﻪﻛ ﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﺳاﻮﺧ ﺎﻫ هﺎﮕﺸﻳﺎﻣزآ ﻞﻨﺳﺮﭘ زا و نآرﺎﻛﻂﻴﺤﻣ ردسورددﺮﺑرﺎﻛسﺎﺳاﺮﺑ ﺺﺨﺸﻣارﺎﻫ دﺮﻓﺮﻫياﺮﺑهﺮﻤﻧﻞﻗاﺪﺣﻲﺼﺼﺨﺗسوردرد .ﺪﻨﻳﺎﻤﻧ 25 و ﺮﺜﻛاﺪﺣ 75 دﺮﻓﺮﻫياﺮﺑهﺮﻤﻧﻞﻗاﺪﺣﻪﻳﺎﭘسوردردو 17 و ﺮﺜﻛاﺪﺣ 51 ﺖﺳاهدﻮﺑ . ﺎﻫﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘﻞﻴﻤﻜﺗزاﺲﭘ ﻪﺑتﺎﻋﻼﻃاداﺮﻓاﻂﺳﻮﺗ رﺎﻣآﻚﻤﻛﻪﺑهﺪﻣآﺖﺳد يﺎﻫنﻮﻣزآ) ﻲﻠﻴﻠﺤﺗوﻲﻔﻴﺻﻮﺗ t ﻞﻘﺘﺴﻣ (ﻦﺳﺮﻴﭘﻲﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫﺐﻳﺮﺿوﺲﻧﺎﻳراوﺰﻴﻟﺎﻧآ، ﺎﺑو راﺰﻓا مﺮﻧ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا SPSS راﺮﻗ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ و ﻪﻳﺰﺠﺗ درﻮﻣ .ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ﺎﻳو مﺎﻧﺮﻛذ زايرادزار ﻞﺻاﻆﻔﺣ ﻪﺑﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ يراددﻮﺧصﺎﺨﺷايدﺮﻓتﺎﺼﺨﺸﻣ ﺪﺷ . ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﺎﻫ : داﺪــﻌﺗزا 80 ﻲﻟﺎــﺳراﻪﻣﺎﻨــﺸﺳﺮﭘ 70 ﻪﻣﺎﻨــﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﻪﻣﺎﻨــﺸﺳﺮﭘﺖــﺸﮔزﺎﺑناﺰــﻴﻣﻪﻛﺪــﺷهدادتدﻮــﻋ 5 / 87 وﻪﻳﺰﺠﺗ .دﻮﺑﺪﺻرد تﺎـﺼﺨﺸﻣدرﻮـﻣردﺎﻫﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ ويدﺮﻓ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا 70 زاﺮـﻔﻧ ﻞﻨـﺳﺮﭘ ﻲﻫﺎﮕـﺸﻳﺎﻣزآمﻮـﻠﻋ
ﺑارﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘﻪﻛ ﻪ ﻦـﻳاردسوردمﺎـﻤﺗياﺮـﺑﻞﻣﺎﻛرﻮﻃ ﺪﻧدﻮﻤﻧﻞﻴﻤﻜﺗﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ، نﺎﺸﻧ نآﺖﻳﺮﺜﻛاﻪﻛداد ﺎﻫ دﺮﻣ ) 9 / 52 ﻲـﺳﺎﻨﺷرﺎﻛﻲﻠﻴـﺼﺤﺗكرﺪـﻣﺎﺑو (ﺪﺻرد ) 1 / 47 ) ﻲﻤﺳرماﺪﺨﺘﺳاعﻮﻧﺎﺑو (ﺪﺻرد 4 / 71 و (ﺪﺻرد ﻞﻗاﺪﺣ داﺮــﻓاﻦــﺳ 22 ولﺎــﺳ ﺮﺜﻛاﺪــﺣ 51 وﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎــﻴﻣﺎــﺑلﺎــﺳ رﺎﻴﻌﻣفاﺮﺤﻧا 5 / 7 ± 1 / 34 لﺎﺳ وﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ .ﺪﻧدﻮﺑ فاﺮﺤﻧا ﺐـﻴﺗﺮﺗﻪـﺑﻲﺼﺼﺨﺗسورددﺮﺑرﺎﻛرﺎﻴﻌﻣ 4 / 12 ± 4 / 53 و ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗﻪﺑﻪﻳﺎﭘسوردرد 5 / 5 ± 1 / 25 .دﻮﺑ ﺞﻳﺎـﺘﻧسﺎـﺳاﺮﺑ ــﺑ ﻪ ﻲــﺼﺼﺨﺗسوردﻦﻴــﺑردهﺪــﻣآﺖــﺳد ، يژﻮﻟﻮﺗﺎــﻤﻫ ﻲـﻠﻤﻋﻲـﺳﺎﻨﺷيﺮﺘﻛﺎـﺑوﻲﻠﻤﻋ و ﻲـﻠﻤﻋﻲـﺳﺎﻨﺷﻞـﮕﻧا ﺎـﺑﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗﻪﺑ 3 / 74 % ، 4 / 71 % و 1 / 67 % ﻦﻳﺮﺘـﺸﻴﺑ، دﺮﺑرﺎـﻛ و ﺎـﺑماﺪـﻛﺮـﻫيرﻮﺌﺗوﻲﻠﻤﻋﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷﺐﻴﺳآسورد 9 / 2 % رﺎــﻛﻂﻴــﺤﻣرددﺮﺑرﺎــﻛﻦﻳﺮــﺘﻤﻛ صﺎــﺼﺘﺧادﻮــﺧﻪــﺑار ﺪﻧداد هرﺎﻤﺷرادﻮﻤﻧ) 1 (.
هرﺎﻤﺷ رادﻮﻤﻧ 1 : رﺎﻛﻂﻴﺤﻣردﻲﻫﺎﮕﺸﻳﺎﻣزآمﻮﻠﻋﻪﺘﺷرﻲﺼﺼﺨﺗسوردندﻮﺑيدﺮﺑرﺎﻛﻲﻧاواﺮﻓﺪﺻرد رد ﻪــﻳﺎﭘسوردﻦﻴــﺑ ، ﻲــﺳﺎﻨﺷﺖــﻓﺎﺑسورد ويرﻮﺌﺗ ﺎـﺑيرﻮﺌﺗﻲﻣﻮﺗﺎﻧآ 3 / 4 % ﻲﻣﻮـﻤﻋﻚـﻳﺰﻴﻓو ﺎﺑيرﻮﺌﺗ 9 / 2 % ﻲﻣﻮـﻤﻋﻲﻤﻴـﺷﻮﻴﺑودﺮﺑرﺎـﻛﻦﻳﺮﺘﻤﻛ ﻤﻋ ﺎــﺑﺐــﻴﺗﺮﺗﻪــﺑنﺎــﺑزوﻲــﻠ 3 / 44 % و 30 % ﻦﻳﺮﺘــﺸﻴﺑ هﺎﮕــﺸﻳﺎﻣزآردﻞﻏﺎــﺷﻞﻨــﺳﺮﭘهﺎﮔﺪــﻳدزااردﺮﺑرﺎــﻛ هرﺎﻤﺷرادﻮﻤﻧ) ﺪﻧاﻪﺘﺷاد 2 .(
رادﻮﻤﻧ هرﺎﻤﺷ 2 : رﺎﻛﻂﻴﺤﻣردﻲﻫﺎﮕﺸﻳﺎﻣزآمﻮﻠﻋﻪﺘﺷرﻪﻳﺎﭘسوردندﻮﺑيدﺮﺑرﺎﻛﻲﻧاواﺮﻓﺪﺻرد
سورددﺮﺑرﺎـﻛﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣدادنﺎﺸﻧﻲﺳرﺮﺑﻦﻳاﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻲﺼﺼﺨﺗ زا رﻮـﻃﻪـﺑﻲﻧادرﺎـﻛكرﺪـﻣﺎـﺑداﺮﻓاﺮﻈﻧ ﻲـﻨﻌﻣ زايراد وﻲـــــــﺳﺎﻨﺷرﺎﻛكرﺪـــــــﻣﺎـــــــﺑداﺮـــــــﻓا ﺪﺷﺎﺑﻲﻣﺮﺘﻤﻛﺪﺷراﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷرﺎﻛ ) 003 / 0 P= ( ؛ ردﻲﻟو درﻮﻣ وﺖﻴﺴﻨﺟ ﺪـﺸﻧهﺪـﻳديرادﻲـﻨﻌﻣتوﺎـﻔﺗماﺪﺨﺘﺳاعﻮﻧ . دﺮﺑرﺎﻛﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻪـﻳﺎﭘسورد ﻲـﺳرﺮﺑدرﻮـﻣيﺎـﻫﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣﺎـﺑ ــﺧا ــﺸﻧاريرادﻲــﻨﻌﻣفﻼﺘ نﺎ ) داﺪــﻧ 05 / 0 > P ؛ لوﺪــﺟ هرﺎﻤﺷ 1 .(
لوﺪﺟ هرﺎﻤﺷ 1 : ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ﻣ ﻴ ﮕﻧﺎ ﻴ ﻦ دﺮﺑرﺎﻛ رﺎﻛﻂﻴﺤﻣردﻲﻫﺎﮕﺸﻳﺎﻣزآمﻮﻠﻋﻪﺘﺷرسورد ﻪﺑ ﻜﻔﺗ ﻴ ﻚ ﻐﺘﻣ ﻴ ﺎﻫﺮ ي درﻮﻣ ﺳرﺮﺑ ﻲ ﻣ ﺮﻴﻐﺘ ﺎﻫ ﺗ داﺪﻌ سورد ﺼﺼﺨﺗ ﻲ ﻪﻳﺎﭘسورد ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ± رﺎﻴﻌﻣفاﺮﺤﻧا P ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ± رﺎﻴﻌﻣفاﺮﺤﻧا P ﺖﻴﺴﻨﺟ دﺮﻣ 37 2 / 12 ± 5 / 51 183 / 0 6 / 6 ± 3 / 25 744 / 0 نز 33 5 / 12 ± 5 / 55 7 / 3 ± 8 / 24 ﻲﻠﻴﺼﺤﺗكرﺪﻣ ﻲﻧادرﺎﻛ 8 5 / 15 ± 5 / 40 003 / 0 9 ± 7 / 23 524 / 0 ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷرﺎﻛ 35 4 / 11 ± 5 / 53 9 / 4 ± 7 / 24 ﺪﺷراﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷرﺎﻛ 27 4 / 10 ± 2 / 57 9 / 4 ± 0 / 26 ماﺪﺨﺘﺳاعﻮﻧ ﻲﺣﺮﻃ 7 7 / 10 ± 4 / 50 612 / 0 4 / 2 ± 4 / 3 238 / 0 ﻲﻤﺳر 50 5 / 12 ± 3 / 54 6 / 7 ± 7 / 25 ﻲﻧﺎﻤﻴﭘ 13 3 / 13 ± 5 / 51 2 / 5 ± 7 / 23 نﻮﻣزآزا t زاوﺖﻴﺴﻨﺟياﺮﺑﻞﻘﺘﺴﻣ وﻲﻠﻴﺼﺤﺗكرﺪﻣياﺮﺑﺲﻧﺎﻳراوﺰﻴﻟﺎﻧآنﻮﻣزآ .ﺪﺷهدﺎﻔﺘﺳاﺎﻫهدادﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗوﻪﻳﺰﺠﺗﺖﻬﺟماﺪﺨﺘﺳاعﻮﻧ :ﺚﺤﺑ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻖـﻴﻘﺤﺗﻦﻳا ﻒـﻠﺘﺨﻣسوردﻪـﻛدادنﺎـﺸﻧ وﻲــﺼﺼﺨﺗ ﺮــﻈﻧزاﻪــﻳﺎﭘ دﺮﺑرﺎــﻛ رد يرﺎــﻛﻂﻳاﺮــﺷ ﺪــﺻردهﺎﮕــﺸﻳﺎﻣزآ يﺎﻫ ﺗوﺎــﻔﺘﻣ صﺎــﺼﺘﺧادﻮــﺧﻪــﺑارﻲ ﺪﻧاهداد يرﻮﻃﻪﺑ ﻪﻛ دﺮﺑرﺎـﻛﻦﻳﺮـﺘﻤﻛﻪﻳﺎﭘمﻮﻠﻋسورد ار ﺪﻧاﻪﺘﺷادسوردﻦﻴﺑرد ﻪـﻛياﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣردﺐﻠﻄﻣﻦﻳا . ﺖﺳاﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔمﺎﺠﻧادﺮﻛﺮﻬﺷردنارﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘﻦﻴﺑرد ، ﺮـﻛذﺰﻴﻧ ﺖــﺳاهﺪــﺷ ) 19 ﻲــﺳرﺮﺑﻪــﻨﻴﻣزردياﻪــﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣنﻮﻨﻛﺎــﺗ .( زآمﻮﻠﻋﻪﺘﺷرﻲﺷزﻮﻣآﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑقﺎﺒﻄﻧاناﺰﻴﻣ ﺎـﺑﻲﻫﺎﮕـﺸﻳﺎﻣ غرﺎـﻓﻲﻠﻐـﺷيﺎﻫزﺎﻴﻧ ردنﻼﻴـﺼﺤﺘﻟا هﺪـﺸﻧمﺎـﺠﻧاناﺮـﻳا ﻲﻜـﺷﺰﭘمﻮـﻠﻋيﺎـﻫﻪﺘـﺷرﺮﻳﺎﺳردﻲﺗﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣﻲﻟو؛ﺖﺳا زاﻪــﻛﻲــﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗرد .ﺖــﺳاﻪــﺘﻓﺮﮔترﻮــﺻ هﺎﮔﺪــﻳد ،نﺎﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧاد وﻦﻴﺳرﺪﻣ نﺎﻨﻛرﺎﻛ مﺎﺠﻧايرﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘ ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ًﺎـﻘﻴﻗدﺰـﻴﻧ ﻪـﺑ ا ﻦـﻳ ﻪﻠﺌـﺴﻣ هرﺎـﺷا هﺪـﺷ ﻪـﻛﺖـﺳا ﻦﻴـﺑ يﺮﻈﻧيﺎﻬﻳﺮﻴﮔدﺎﻳ و ﺧ تﺎﻣﺪ ﻲﻨﻴﻟﺎﺑ ﻲﮕﻨﻫﺎﻤﻫ،يرﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘ مزﻻ دﻮﺟو دراﺪﻧ . ﻦﻴﻘﻘﺤﻣ ﻦﻳا ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ هرﺎﺷا ﺪـﻨﻨﻛﻲﻣ ﻪﻛ رد درﻮﻣ تازﺎﻴﺘﻣاﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻪﻠﺻﺎﻓ ﻦﻴﺑ يﺮﻴﮔدﺎﻳ يﺎـﻫ يﺮﻈﻧ تﺎﻣﺪﺧو يرﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘﻲﻨﻴﻟﺎﺑ هﺎﮔﺪﻳدزا ﺮﻫ ﻪﺳ هوﺮﮔ رد درﻮﻣ لﻮـﺻا و نﻮـﻨﻓ ﻲﮕﻨﻫﺎـﻤﻫيﺪـﺣﺎـﺗيرﺎﺘـﺳﺮﭘ ،دراددﻮـﺟو ﻪـﭼﺮﮔ تازﺎـﻴﺘﻣا رد ﻪـﻴﻠﻛ راﻮـﻣ زاد ﺮـﻈﻧ ،نارﺎﺘـﺳﺮﭘ ﻦﻴـﺳرﺪﻣزا و نﺎﻳﻮﺠـﺸﻧاد ﺮﺘـﺸﻴﺑ وﺖـﺳا زا ظﺎﺤﻟ يرﺎﻣآ ﻲﻨﻌﻣ راد هدﻮﺑ ﻦﻳا .ﺖﺳا هوﺮﮔ ﻦﻴﻘﻘﺤﻣ ﻪﺑ تاﺮﻈﻧﻲﮕﻨﻫﺎﻤﻫ ﺎﻫﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ رد سورد ﻲﻠﺧاد -،ﻲﺣاﺮﺟ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟﺖﺷاﺪﻬﺑ و يرﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘ ناردﺎـﻣ و ونﺎـﻛدﻮﻛ مﺪـﻋ ﻲﮕﻨﻫﺎـﻤﻫ تاﺮـﻈﻧ رد ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪـﻣسورد و ﻪـﺑشزﻮـﻣآ ﻮﺟدﺪﻣ هرﺎﺷا ﺪـﻨﻨﻛﻲﻣ ) 20 رد .( ﻖـﻴﻘﺤﺗ يﺮـﮕﻳد ﻪـﻛ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﻲـﻫوﺮﮔ زا ﻲﻜـﺷﺰﭙﻧاﺪﻧدﻦﻴـﻘﻘﺤﻣ ﻲﻨﻴﻟﺎـﺑﻊـﻄﻘﻣ ﺖﺒــﺴﻧ دﺮﺑرﺎــﻛﻪــﺑ سورد مﻮــﻠﻋ ﻪــﻳﺎﭘ رد هﺪﻜــﺸﻧاد ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭙﻧاﺪﻧد هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘمﻮﻠﻋ ﻦﻳوﺰﻗ ﻪﺑ هﺪﻣآﻞﻤﻋ ﺰﻴﻧ دراﻮﻣ ﻲﻬﺑﺎﺸﻣ ﺎﺑ قﻮـﻓيﺎـﻫﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ شراﺰـﮔ هﺪـﻳدﺮﮔ ﺖﺳا . ﻦﻳا ﻦﻴﻘﻘﺤﻣ ﺰﻴﻧ نﺎﻴﺑ ﻲﻣ ﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﻪﻛ ﻲﺒﺴﻧﻲﺋاﺪﺟ و مﺪﻋ ﻦﻴـﺑﻲﮕﻨﻫﺎﻤﻫ سورد مﻮـﻠﻋ ﻪـﻳﺎﭘ و ﻊـﻄﻘﻣسورد ﻲﻨﻴﻟﺎﺑ دﻮﺟو دراد ﻪـﻛ ارنﺎﻳﻮﺠـﺸﻧاد رﺎـﭼد ﻲﮕﺘـﺴﺧ و ﻲﻤﮔردﺮﺳ ﺪﻨﻛﻲﻣ و ﻪﻠﺻﺎﻓ ﻦﻴﺑﻲﻧﻻﻮﻃ ﻦﻳا ود ﻊـﻄﻘﻣ ﺪﻳﺪﺸﺗﺪﻳﺎﺷ هﺪـﻨﻨﻛ ﻦـﻳا ﻪﻟﺄـﺴﻣ .ﺪـﺷﺎﺑ زا ﻞـﻣاﻮﻋ ﺮﺛﺆـﻣ ﺮﮕﻳد ﻲﺋﺎﻨﺷآمﺪﻋﺪﻳﺎﺷ ﺪﻴﺗﺎﺳا مﻮﻠﻋ ﺎﺑﻪﻳﺎﭘ تﻼﻜﺸﻣ و ﻞﺋﺎﺴﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑﻲﻨﻴﻟﺎﺑسورد ﻪﻛ ﻪﺑ ﺮﻈﻧ ردﺪﺳرﻲﻣ درﻮـﻣ ﻞﺣ ﻦﻳا ﻞﻜﺸﻣ ﻲﺘﺴﻳﺎﺑ فﺮﻃزا ﻦﻴﻟﻮﺌـﺴﻣ ﺮـﻣا ﻲﻣاﺪـﻗا ﻦﻳارد .دﺮﻳﺬﭘترﻮﺻ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ هرﺎﺷا هﺪﺷ ﻪـﻛ ﻪـﺑ هﺪـﻴﻘﻋ يﺎــﻫﻪــﻧﻮﻤﻧ ،ﺶﻫوﮋــﭘ نﺎــﺑز،ندﺮــﮔوﺮــﺳﻲﻣﻮﺗﺎــﻧآ وﻲﺼﺼﺨﺗ يژﻮﻟﻮﻛﺎـﻣرﺎﻓ ﻪـﺑ ﺐـﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎـﻴﻣﺎـﺑ يﺎـﻫ 3 / 76 و 3 / 49 و 3 / 42 ﻦﻳﺮﺘـــﺸﻴﺑ دﺮﺑرﺎـــﻛ ،ﻲﻤﻴـــﺷﻮﻴﺑو ﻲﻧﺎﻤﺘﺧﺎـﺳﻲﻤﻴـﺷﻮﻴﺑ و ﻚـﻳﺰﻴﻓ ﻪـﺑﻲﻜـﺷﺰﭘ ﺐـﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﺎـﺑ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎـﻴﻣ يﺎـﻫ 16 ، 18 و 1 / 16 ﻦﻳﺮـﺘﻤﻛ دﺮﺑرﺎـﻛ ار رد ﺪــﻧاﻪﺘــﺷادﻲﻨﻴﻟﺎــﺑﻊــﻄﻘﻣ ) 21 ﺶﻫوﮋــﭘرد .( ردﻲﻬﺑﺎــﺸﻣ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد مﻮﻠﻋ ﺎﺑنﺎﻨﻤﺳﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ ﻞﻴﻤﻜﺗ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﻂـﺳﻮﺗ 232 ﺮـﻔﻧ ﻚـﺷﺰﭘ تاﺮـﻈﻧزرورﺎـﻛو نآ ﺎـﻫ ﺖﺒـﺴﻧ ﻪـﺑ دﺮﺑرﺎﻛ سورد مﻮﻠﻋ ﻪـﻳﺎﭘ ﻞﺋﺎـﺴﻣرد ﻲﻨﻴﻟﺎـﺑ .ﺪـﺷﻪـﺘﻓﺮﮔ نآ ﺎﻫ ﻪﺑ ﻦﻳا ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﺪﻧﺪﻴﺳر ﻪﻛ ،يژﻮﻟﻮﻳﺰﻴﻓسورد نﺎﺑز
ﻲﺼﺼﺨﺗ و يﺮﺘﻛﺎﺑ ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﻪﺑ ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣﺎﺑ 24 / 3 و 84 / 3 و 66 / 3 ﻦﻳﺮﺘـــﺸﻴﺑياراد دﺮﺑرﺎـــﻛ و سورد ،ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷهﺮﺸﺣ ﻲﻤﻴﺷﻮﻴﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﻤﺘﺧﺎﺳ و ﻚﻳﺰﻴﻓ ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ ﻪﺑ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣﺎﺑﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ 73 / 1 و 78 / 1 و 95 / 1 ﻦﻳﺮﺘﻤﻛ دﺮﺑرﺎﻛ ار رد ﻲﻨﻴﻟﺎﺑﻞﺋﺎﺴﻣ اد ﻪﺘﺷ ﺖﺳا و دﺎﻬﻨﺸﻴﭘ ﺪﻨﻳﺎﻤﻧﻲﻣ ﻪﻛ ياﻮﺘﺤﻣ ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘسورد درﻮﻣ ﻲﻨﻴﺑزﺎﺑ راﺮﻗ دﺮﻴﮔ ) 22 .( رد ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ لﺎـﺳردﻪـﻛيﺮـﮕﻳد 1997 ﻪﺘـﺷررد هﺪﺷناﻮﻨﻋﺪﺷمﺎﺠﻧايرﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘ ﻪﻛ ﻲﺘﺴﻳﺎﺑ شزﻮﻣآ يﺎـﻫ يرﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘ ﻪﺑ ﺖﻤﺳ ﻲﺼﺼﺨﺗ نﺪﺷ رد ﺎﻫﻪﻄﻴﺣ ﺖﻓﺮﺸﻴﭘ ﺪـﻳﺎﻤﻧ ﻪـﻜﻨﻳاﺎـﺗ شزﻮـﻣآ يﺎـﻫ ﻲﻫﺎﮕـﺷزﻮﻣآ رد ﻦﻴﻟﺎـﺑ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻛ ر ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ دﻮﺷ ) 23 .( رد ﻲﻜــﺷﺰﭘمﻮــﻠﻋهﺎﮕــﺸﻧادردﻪــﻛياﻪــﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ هﺪـﺷﻪـﺋارايﺮﻈﻧسوردﻪﻛهﺪﺷهرﺎﺷا،ﺪﺷمﺎﺠﻧادﺎﺑﺎﻨﮔ ناﺰــﻴﻣﻪــﺑﻂــﻘﻓهﺎﮕــﺸﻧادرد 6 / 31 % وﻲﻨﻴﻟﺎــﺑسوردو ﻂﻘﻓيزﻮﻣآرﺎﻛ 7 / 38 % ـﺗارنﺎـﻧآﻲﺷزﻮﻣآيﺎﻫزﺎﻴﻧ ﺄ ﻦﻴﻣ ﺮﻈﻧزا .ﺪﻨﻛﻲﻣ 9 / 23 % ﻲﻨﻴﻟﺎﺑسورد،ناﺮﻴﮔاﺮﻓ -وﻲﻠﻤﻋ ﻈﻧزا ﺮ 9 / 21 % وﻲـﺷزﻮﻣآيﺎـﻫزﺎﻴﻧﺎـﺑيﺮﻈﻧسوردنﺎﻧآ نآﻲﻠﻐﺷ ) ﺖﺳاﻪﺘﺷاﺪﻧارمزﻻﺐﺳﺎﻨﺗﺎﻫ 24 .( ﻦـﻳاﻪـﻤﻫ .ﺪﺷﺎﺑﻲﻣﻮﺴﻤﻫﺎﻣتﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣﺎﺑيﺪﺣﺎﺗتﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺮـﺧآمﺮـﺗنﺎـﮕﺘﺧﻮﻣآﺶﻧاديورﺮﺑﻪﻛﻲﺳرﺮﺑ ﺖـﺳاهدادنﺎـﺸﻧﺰـﻴﻧﺖـﻓﺮﮔمﺎﺠﻧاﻂﻴﺤﻣﺖﺷاﺪﻬﺑﻪﺘﺷر يﺎــﻫﻪــﺘﺧﻮﻣآﻲــﻀﻌﺑزاهدﺎﻔﺘــﺳانﺎــﻜﻣاﻪــﻛ رديﺮــﻈﻧ ﻲـﺧﺮﺑياﻮـﺘﺤﻣودراﺪـﻧدﻮـﺟويزﻮﻣآرﺎﻛيﺎﻫﻂﻴﺤﻣ يﺎــﻫنادرﺎــﻛيﺎــﻫزﺎــﻴﻧﺎــﺑﺐــﺳﺎﻨﺘﻣهﺪــﺷﻪــﺋاراسورد ﻪــﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑرديﺮﮕﻧزﺎــﺑﻪــﺑزﺎــﻴﻧوﺖــﺴﻴﻧﻂﻴــﺤﻣﺖــﺷاﺪﻬﺑ دﻮـﺷﻲـﻣسﺎـﺴﺣاﻂﻴﺤﻣﺖﺷاﺪﻬﺑﻪﺘﺷرﻲﺷزﻮﻣآ ) 25 .( ﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻪ نﺎـﺸﻧﻢـﻫﻲﻜـﺷﺰﭘﻪﺘﺷرنﻼﻴﺼﺤﺘﻟاغرﺎﻓيورﺮﺑ ﻦﻳاﺮﻈﻧزاﻪﻛﺖﺳاهداد ﻲﻨﻴﻟﺎﺑشزﻮﻣآيﺎﻫﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ،داﺮﻓا ودراﺪـﻧارمزﻻقﺎـﺒﻄﻧاﻲﻠﻐﺷيﺎﻫزﺎﻴﻧﺎﺑ يﺎـﻘﺗراﻪـﺑزﺎـﻴﻧ دﻮـﺷﻲـﻣسﺎﺴﺣاﻲﻨﻴﻟﺎﺑﻊﻄﻘﻣردشزﻮﻣآﺖﻴﻔﻴﻛ ) 26 .( نﺎﻬﻔـﺻاﻲﻜـﺷﺰﭘمﻮـﻠﻋهﺎﮕـﺸﻧادردﻪﻛياﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ نﺎﻳﻮﺠـﺸﻧادﺮﺘـﺸﻴﺑﺪـﻫدﻲـﻣنﺎـﺸﻧﻢـﻫﺖـﺳاهﺪﺷمﺎﺠﻧا ورﻲﻧﺎﻣردوﻲﺘﺷاﺪﻬﺑتﺎﻣﺪﺧﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ اريزﻮـﻣآرﺎﻛﺪﻧ ﺪﻨﻨﻛﻲﻣﻲﺑﺎﻳزراﻒﻴﻌﺿ ) 27 .( رد ناﻮﻳﺎـﺗ شزﻮـﻣآﺰـﻴﻧ ﻲﻨﻴﻟﺎـﺑ ﺖﻴﻌـﺿو ﻲﺒـﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﻪﺘـﺷاﺪﻧ و ﺶـﻧاد يرﻮـﺌﺗ ﺮـﺑ شزﻮﻣآ ﻲﻨﻴﻟﺎﺑ مﺪﻘﻣ ،هدﻮﺑ ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ زا ﺮـﻈﻧ نﺎﻳﻮﺠـﺸﻧاد ناﻮﻳﺎﺗﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ و تﻻﺎﻳا هﺪﺤﺘﻣ شزﻮﻣآ يﺎﻫ مﻮﻠﻋ ﻪﻳﺎﭘ ًﻼﻣﺎﻛ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﺘﻣ شزﻮﻣآﺎﺑ يﺎﻫ ﻲﻨﻴﻟﺎﺑ هدﻮﺒﻧ ﺖﺳا ) 28 .( ﻦــﻳا ﻪــﺘﻜﻧ ﻪــﻛ سورد ﻲــﺼﺼﺨﺗ يرﺎﺘــﺳﺮﭘ دﺮﺑرﺎــﻛ ﻲﻨﻴﻟﺎــﺑ يﺮﺘــﺸﻴﺑ ار ﻪــﺑ هاﺮــﻤﻫ ﺮﻳﺎــﺳﺎــﺑدراد درادﺖــﻘﺑﺎﻄﻣﻪــﺘﻓﺮﮔمﺎــﺠﻧايﺎــﻫﺶﻫوﮋــﭘ ) 29،23 .( ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ لﺎـﺳردﻪـﻛياﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣرد 1383 نﺎﻬﻔـﺻارد ﺪــــﺷﺺﺨــــﺸﻣﺖــــﻓﺮﮔمﺎــــﺠﻧا ﻪــــﻛ يرﺎﻴــــﺴﺑ زا ﺖﻛﺮﺷ نﺎﮔﺪﻨﻨﻛ رد ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻋﻮﻧ مﺪـﻋ ﻲﮔدﺎـﻣآ دوروياﺮﺑ ﻪﺑ ﻂﻴﺤﻣ رﺎﻛ ﻪـﺑﺮﺠﺗاري .ﺪـﻧاهدﺮـﻛ ﻦـﻳا ناﺮﮕــﺸﻫوﮋﭘ ﻲــﻜﻳ ﻞــﻠﻋزا ﻦــﻳا عﻮــﺿﻮﻣ ار ﻪــﺑ يﺎــﻫﺖﻳدوﺪــﺤﻣ شزﻮــﻣآ يرﺎﺘــﺳﺮﭘ صﻮــﺼﺧرد ﻲﺋﺎﻧاﻮﺗ هدﺎـﻣآ يزﺎـﺳ ﺶـﻧاد نﺎـﮕﺘﺧﻮﻣآ ياﺮـﺑ ﺶـﻘﻧ فﺮﺣ يﺎﻫ دﻮﺧ ﺪﻧدﺮﻛنﺎﻴﺑ ) 30 (. يﺮــﺘﻤﻛدﺮﺑرﺎــﻛﻪــﻳﺎﭘسوردﻪــﻛﺐــﻠﻄﻣﻦــﻳا يدﺪـﻌﺘﻣﻞﻳﻻدﺪﻧاﻮﺗﻲﻣﺪﻧراد ﺪـﺷﺎﺑﻪﺘـﺷاد . يﺎﻫﻮﻴـﺷ ﻪﻠﺌــﺴﻣﺮــﺑﻲــﻨﺘﺒﻣشزﻮــﻣآﻪــﻠﻤﺟزاﺪــﻳﺪﺟشزﻮــﻣآ
problem base learning)
( و ﺞﻳﺎــﺘﻧﻦﺘﻓﺮﮔرﺎــﻛﻪــﺑ ـﻧاﻮﺗﻲـﻣشزﻮـﻣآيراﺬـﮔنﺎﻴﻨﺑردﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﺪ ناﻮـﻨﻋﻪـﺑ ار ﻫ ﺎﻫشورﻦﻳﺮﺗﺎﺸﮕ ﻞﻜﺸﻣﻦﻳاﻊﻓرﺖﻬﺟ ﺮﻛذ دﻮﺷ . ﺞﻳﺎـــﺘﻧ ﻪـــﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣﻦـــﻳا نﺎـــﺸﻧ داد ﻪـــﻛ ﻦﻴـــﺑرد ﺪﻨﻨﻛﺖﻛﺮﺷ نﺎﮔ اﻲﻧادرﺎـﻛكرﺪـﻣيارادداﺮﻓا زﺎـﻴﺘﻣ ﺪــﻧاهدادﻲــﺼﺼﺨﺗسوردﻪــﺑيﺮــﺘﻤﻛ ﺪــﻧاﻮﺗﻲــﻣﻪــﻛ ﺪﺷﺎﺑﻪﺘﺷادﻲﻔﻠﺘﺨﻣﻞﻳﻻد ، ﻦـﻳاﻞـﻳﻻدهﺪـﻤﻋزاﻲﻜﻳ ردﻲــﺼﺼﺨﺗسوردشزﻮــﻣآﻪــﻛﺖــﺳاﻦــﻳاﺐــﻠﻄﻣ ﻲـﺷزﻮﻣآهرودندﻮـﺑدوﺪـﺤﻣﻞﻳﻻدﻪﺑﻲﻧادرﺎﻛﻊﻄﻘﻣ ﺖــﺻﺮﻓاﺬــﻟودﻮــﺷﻲــﻣمﺎــﺠﻧاﺮﺗدوﺪــﺤﻣترﻮــﺻﻪــﺑ ﺎﻳﻮﺠـﺸﻧادﻪـﺑءﺰـﺟﻪـﺑءﺰﺟشزﻮﻣآوﻞﻣﺎﻛﻢﻴﻬﻔﺗ ون دﻮــﺷﻲــﻤﻧهدادﺪﻴﺗﺎــﺳا . ﻦــﻳايرادﺮــﺑهﺮــﻬﺑﻪــﺠﻴﺘﻧرد وﺖﺳاهدﻮﺑﺮﺘﻤﻛﻲﺼﺼﺨﺗسوردزانﺎﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧاد اﺬـﻟ رد .ﺪﻧاهدادﻲﺼﺼﺨﺗسوردﻪﺑيﺮﺘﻤﻛزﺎﻴﺘﻣاﻲﺑﺎﻳزرا ﻪﻛﻲﻳﺎﺠﻧآزا يﺎـﻫترﺎـﻬﻣﺐـﺴﻛويﺮـﻈﻧمﻮﻠﻋ ﻲﻠﻐـﺷترﺎـﻬﻣردﻲﻫﺎﮕﺸﻳﺎﻣزآمﻮﻠﻋﻪﺘﺷردرﻮﻣردﻲﻠﻤﻋ ودرادياهﺪﻨﻨﻛﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗﺶﻘﻧ ﻔﻣ وﺪﻴ شزﻮﻣآندﻮﺑﺪﻣآرﺎﻛ ﻞﻴـﺼﺤﺘﻟاغرﺎـﻓزاﺲـﭘﻲﺑﺎﻳرﺎﻛردﻲﺘﺣﻞﻴﺼﺤﺗﻦﻤﺿرد
ﺖﺳاﺮﺛﻮﻣﺰﻴﻧﻲﺻﻮﺼﺧﺶﺨﺑردنﺪﺷ ؛ ﺪﺳرﻲﻣﺮﻈﻧﻪﺑاﺬﻟ وﻪــﻳﺎﭘسوردﻦﻴــﺑطﺎــﺒﺗرايراﺮــﻗﺮﺑ ردﻲــﺼﺼﺨﺗسورد ﻪـﺑﺪﻨﻤﺷزراﻲﺼﺼﺨﺗسوردشزﻮﻣآﺖﻴﻔﻴﻛءﺎﻘﺗراﺖﻬﺟ وﺪﺳرﻲﻣﺮﻈﻧ ردﻪـﻛﺖﺳامزﻻﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗﻦﻳاﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧﻖﺒﻃ سو قﻮـﺳنﺪﺷيدﺮﺑرﺎﻛﺖﻤﺳﻪﺑﺎﺗهﺪﺷيﺮﮕﻧزﺎﺑهﮋﻳوﻪﺑﻪﻳﺎﭘ ﺪﻧﻮﺷهداد ترﺎﻬﻣدﻮﺒﻬﺑرﻮﻈﻨﻣﻪﺑدﻮﺷﻲﻣدﺎﻬﻨﺸﻴﭘﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ . و مﺮـﺗزايزﻮﻣآرﺎـﻛيﺎـﻫهرود،نﻼﻴﺼﺤﺘﻟاغرﺎﻓدﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ .دﻮﺷزﺎﻏآﺮﺗﻦﻴﻳﺎﭘ
ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﮔ ﻴ يﺮ : ﻪــﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑقﺎــﺒﻄﻧاناﺰــﻴﻣﻪــﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣﻦــﻳاﺞﻳﺎــﺘﻧﻖــﺒﻃ ﺎﮕﺸﻳﺎﻣزآمﻮﻠﻋﻪﺘﺷرﻲﺷزﻮﻣآ ًﻼﻣﺎـﻛﻲﻠﻐـﺷزﺎﻴﻧﺎﺑﻲﻫ مﺎــﺠﻧاﻦﻳاﺮﺑﺎــﻨﺑ .ﺖــﺴﻴﻧﺶــﺨﺑﺖﻳﺎــﺿروبﻮــﻠﻄﻣ ترازوترﺎـــﻈﻧﺖـــﺤﺗﻲـــﻠﻴﻤﻜﺗوﺮﺘـــﺸﻴﺑتﺎـــﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ مزﻻنﺎــﮔﺮﺒﺧتاﺮـﻈﻧﻲــﺳرﺮﺑيﺎﺘـﺳارردوﺖـﺷاﺪﻬﺑ ﻪــﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑﻪــﺑطﻮــﺑﺮﻣتاﺪﻨﺘــﺴﻣﻲــﺳرﺮﺑﻦﻴــﻨﭽﻤﻫ .ﺖــﺳا وداﺮـﻓاﻦـﻳاﻒﻳﺎـﻇوﻞـﻴﻠﺤﺗوﻪﻳﺰﺠﺗوﻪﺘﺷرشزﻮﻣآ ـﻫيﺰـﻳرﻪـﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑنآلﺎـﺒﻧدﻪـﺑ ياﺮـﺑﻖـﻴﻗدويرﻮـﻓيﺎ ﺮـــﺳواﻮـــﺘﺤﻣﺰـــﻴﻧوسوردردتﺎﺣﻼـــﺻامﺎـــﺠﻧا ودﻮـﺒﻬﺑياﺮـﺑ،هرودﻦـﻳاسوردزاﻲـﺧﺮﺑيﺎﻫﻞﺼﻓ مﻮـﻠﻋسوردهﮋـﻳوﻪـﺑﻲـﺷزﻮﻣآﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑﺖﻴﻔﻴﻛيﺎﻘﺗرا رﺎــﻛوقﺎــﺒﻄﻧاﺪــﺻردﺶﻳاﺰــﻓاﺖــﻬﺟﻪــﻳﺎﭘ ﻳآ ﻪــﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑﻲ ردﻲﺷزﻮﻣآ ﺗ،داﺮﻓاﻦﻳاﻲﻠﻐﺷهﺪﻨﻳآ ﺄ دﻮﺷﻲﻣﺪﻴﻛ .
ﺮﻜﺸﺗ ﻲﻧادرﺪﻗو : ا هرﺎﻤـﺷﺎـﺑﻲﺗﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗحﺮﻃﻞﺻﺎﺣﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣﻦﻳ 493 ﻲـﻣ ﺮـﺑﻪـﻟﺎﻘﻣﻦـﻳانﺎﮔﺪﻨﺴﻳﻮﻧ .ﺪﺷﺎﺑ زاﻪـﻛﺪـﻨﻧادﻲـﻣمزﻻدﻮـﺧ دﺮﻛﺮﻬـــﺷﻲﻜـــﺷﺰﭘمﻮـــﻠﻋهﺎﮕـــﺸﻧادﻲـــﺸﻫوﮋﭘﺖـــﻧوﺎﻌﻣ ﻖـﻴﻘﺤﺗﻦـﻳامﺎـﺠﻧارديﻮـﻨﻌﻣوﻲﻟﺎـﻣيﺎـﻫﺖـﻳﺎﻤﺣﻞﻴﻟدﻪﺑ ﺪﻳﺎﻤﻧيراﺰﮔسﺎﭙﺳ . ﺎﻨﻣ :ﻊﺑ
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Cite this article as: Noormohammadian Z, Ghatreh-Samani K, Farrokhi E, Daris F, Akbarian E. A study on the amount of application of laboratory sciences courses in work place. J Shahrekord Univ Med Sci. 2015; 16(6): 139-147.
*Corresponding author:
Biochemistry Dept, Clinical Biochemistry Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, I.R. Iran. Tel: 00983833346692, E-mail:kgsamani@yahoo.com
A study on the amount of application of laboratory sciences courses in work
place
Noormohammadian Z1, Ghatreh-Samani K1*, Farrokhi E2, Daris F3, Akbarian E1 1Biochemistry Dept, Clinical Biochemistry Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical
Sciences, Shahrekord, I.R. Iran; 2Student, Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Shahrekord
University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, I.R. Iran; 3Statistics Dept., Shahrekord University of
Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, I. R. Iran. Received: 25/Jan/2014 Accepted: 10/Sep/2014
Background and aims: By using the ideas of the personnel working in laboratory, it is possible to create valuable changes in the process of teaching for the laboratory sciences students. The aim of this study was to investigate application of laboratory sciences in work place.
Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was performed in 2010 by census method. A questionnaire including two parts was fulfilled. The first part included demographic information (sex, educational document, and way of employment) and the second part was a questionnaire about teaching programs of different basic and specialized courses including theory and practical. It was filled by 70 employees of the personnel working in governmental laboratories.
Results: Based on results, among the specialized courses, practical hematology and practical bacteriology had the maximum amount of application with 74.3% and 71.4%, respectively and practical pathology and theory of pathology had the minimum amount of application with 2.9%. The average of application of specialized courses by employees with Associate degree was significantly less than employees with Bachelor, and Master Science degree (P<0.05), but in other parameters was observed no significant difference. Among basic courses, practical general biochemistry and English had the maximum amount of application with 44.3% and 30% in work place, respectively, but histology, anatomy and practical physics had the minimum amount of application with 4.3%, 4.3%and 2.9%, respectively. The average of the amount of application of basic courses had no significant difference withobserved parameters. (P<0.05)
Conclusion: Based on this study, basic courses had the minimum amount of application in work place. Therefore, revising curriculum these courses is necessary to make them more useful.
