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Das SCCH ist eine Initiative der Das SCCH befindet sich im

Requirements Engineering on the Transition to

Product and Innovation Management

The Innovation Perspective

Dipl.-Ing. Dr. techn.Mario Pichler

++43 7236 3343 898 mario.pichler@scch.at www.scch.at Te c h nol ogie s Cus tome rs ’ nee ds

(2)

Agenda

1.

Motivation

„

Statistics

„

Technology Orientation ... Technology Penetration

2.

Analysis

„

Comparison: Innovation Triggers and Systems

Development Process

3.

A Novel View on Requirements Engineering

„

The Innovation Perspective

4.

Conclusion and Outlook

(3)

Das SCCH ist eine Initiative der Das SCCH befindet sich im

Motivation – Part I

(4)

CHAOS-Report:

Why Software Projects Fail

Source: Standish Group, Chaos Report, 1995

(5)

Implication

„

Requirements Engineering & Management (RE&M)

related activities need to be forced and improved

„

Requirements are

“a specification of what should be

implemented”

(Sommerville and Sawyer 1997)

„

“How can we satisfy the customers if we don’t know what is

important to them?”

(Wiegers 1999)

(6)

Reasons, Why Innovations Fail

(7)

Implications / Observations

„

Requirements Engineering & Management (RE&M) related

activities need to be forced and improved

„

Similar failures within

Innovation Management (

I

T

M

)

„

IM covers R&D management, manufacturing/production and

market launch of inventions

(translated from Brockhoff 1999)

„

Also questions of

Product Management (PM)

„

PM covers planning, development, manufacturing,

commercialization and disposal of products to the highest

(8)

Das SCCH ist eine Initiative der Das SCCH befindet sich im

Motivation – Part II

Innovations: Technology Orientation ...

... Technology Penetration

(9)

Ubiquitous Computing:

„

Applications

are of course the whole

point of Ubiquitous Computing

(Weiser,

1993)

„

There should be a motivating

application. …

Systems should be

subjected to real and everyday use

… the use of the system

should be

evaluated to

determine its impact on

the user community

(Abowd, 1999)

(10)

Basic Observation: Technology

Push in Ubiquitous Computing

„

See also

(Dagstuhl’02, MHCI’03, PhD Michahelles’04,

UbiApp WS’05, Thackara’06, ...)

„

Risk to develop something, for which

no customer need exists

(Schröder 2002)

(11)

Basic Observation: Technology

Push in Ubiquitous Computing

„

“We’ve lost sight of an important

question:

What

is this stuff for?

What value

does it add to our lives?”

John Thackara, In the Bubble: Designing

(12)

Market Pull:

Other Extreme in Industry

„

Market (customer)

demands for innovation

(demand pull)

„

Probability of successful

market-driven innovation

is typically high

(Vahs and

Burmester 2002)

„

But – Observations

„

Often (mostly) requests for incremental enhancements

„

Implemented in daily (project) work – short time frames

(13)

Innovation Triggers

„

Origin: Business Administration

„

Innovation and Technology Management (ITM)

„

Innovations can be triggered by

„

Technology push

„

Demand pull

„

Best chances for innovation, if technology push and demand pull are in

balance

(14)

Implications

„

Requirements Engineering & Management (RE&M) related

activities need to be forced and improved

„

Similar failures within Innovation Management (ITM)

„

Also questions of Product Management (PM)

(15)

Das SCCH ist eine Initiative der Das SCCH befindet sich im

Analysis

Comparison: Innovation Triggers and Systems

Development Process

(16)

Imbalance between Technology

Push and Demand Pull

Innovation R&D, Companies Cu s tom er s’ ne ed s Demand pull Market Te ch no lo g ies Technology push Technologies Customers’ needs

„

Two possible cases leading to reduced probability for innovation

„

Case leading to risk of limited radical innovations

(17)

Systems Development Process

(18)

Systems Development Process

(19)

Hardware engineering Software engineering Systems engineering System requirements analysis System design Software requirements analysis Software design Software * Code * Test * Integrate Hardware requirements analysis Hardware design Hardware * Fabricate * Test * Integrate

Continued systems engineering involvement

Design World vs.

Requirements World

(20)

Comparison and Analysis

1

:

Little Demand -> Technology Push

Technologies Customers’

(21)

Comparison and Analysis

2

:

No Users and Needs -> No Market

Hardware engineering Software engineering Systems engineering System design Software design Software * Code * Test * Integrate Hardware design Hardware * Fabricate * Test * Integrate

Continued systems engineering involvement

Te chno lo gi es Tech nologies

(22)

Comparison and Analysis

3

: Balance &

Innovation -> Amplify RE&M

Hardware engineering Software engineering Systems engineering System requirements analysis System design Software requirements analysis Software design Software * Code * Test * Integrate Hardware requirements analysis Hardware design Hardware * Fabricate * Test * Integrate

Continued systems engineering involvement

Techno logi es Customers’ n eeds Demand pull Technology push Innovation

(23)

Implications

„

Requirements Engineering & Management (RE&M) related

activities need to be forced and improved

„

Similar failures within Innovation Management (ITM)

„

Also questions of Product Management (PM)

(24)

Increasing Error Costs …

(25)

... a More Detailed View

(26)

Observations / Implications

„

RE&M, ITM, PM are starting early in lifecycle models

„

RE&M, PM of relevance across whole product lifecycle

„

Currently, improvements happen late in a lifecycle (e.g.

testing)

„

Errors that are found late are leading to increased costs

„

Prevention / detection of errors in early phases significantly

reduces costs

„

Force RE&M and close cooperation (multidisciplinarity)

with ITM and PM for improvements

(27)

Das SCCH ist eine Initiative der Das SCCH befindet sich im

A Novel View on Requirements

Engineering

(28)

(Software) Product

Manage-ment Reference Framework

Product management Release planning Portfolio management Scope change management Requirements prioritization Release definition Release validation release definition adaptations release content Requirements management market trends Requirements

identification product requirements

Requirements organizing Support Sales & marketing Customer Requirements selection prioritized requirements Product roadmapping Product lifecycle management Research & innovation Market Partner companies roadmap Roadmap construction Core asset identification Theme identification Product line identification Market trend identification trends themes scope changes market trends customer requests customer & prospect requests

validated release definition product lines core assets partner requests Partnering & contracting Company board Services Development

product requirements list

change requests, bug fixes

Launch preparation launch information launch preparation package

launch preparation package Requirements

gathering

requirements

product development strategy

trends contracts

technology drivers

collaborations lifecycle decisions

roadmap

RM as

part of PM

(29)

Modification to

Amplification of

RE&M: Include Product Management

Techno

logies

Technology push

R&D, Companies Market

Innovation Cu stom ers’ ne ed s Demand pull Customers’ needs Demand pull Innovation Market

(30)

A Multidisciplinary View to Create

Innovations

„

Model of innovation triggers

„

Augmented with respective disciplines

„

Obvious relation among depicted disciplines

Product Management

(31)

Technologies

Customers’ needs

Novel View on RE:

The Innovation Perspective

„

RE as “Interface Discipline” providing adequate Methods and Tools

„

Combination of Application and Technology Research

„

Early and Iterative Cooperation with Interested Parties

„

The Central Role of Requirements Engineering to foster Innovations

(32)

Das SCCH ist eine Initiative der Das SCCH befindet sich im

(33)

Te chno logies Custom ers’ n eed s

Conclusion / Executive Summary

„

Suggested Solution: The Innovation Perspective

Source: Pichler 2007

(34)

Ongoing and Further Research:

Applying Innovation Perspective

„

Three interesting directions for further research

„

Applicability of Innovation Perspective in small and

medium-sized companies

ƒ

They are confronted with RE, PM, ITM, …limited resources

ƒ

Tailored method set extracted from these disciplines?

ƒ

Several running projects with SMEs

„

Investigation of Innovation Perspective within

independent research centers

ƒ

They are primarily application oriented

ƒ

Innovation Perspective as promising approach?

„

Innovation Perspective in large enterprises

ƒ

Innovation and customer integration as hot topics within

leading enterprises

(35)

Literature

Abowd 1999

G. D. Abowd. Software engineering issues for ubiquitous computing. In Proc. of ICSE’99, pages 75–84, May 1999.

Boehm 2001

B. Boehm. Software Economics. sd&m Conference, 2001.

Beyer and

Holtzblatt 1998

H. Beyer and K. Holtzblatt. Contextual Design: Defining Customer-Centered Systems. Morgan Kaufmann, San Francisco, CA, 1997.

Brockhoff 1999

K. Brockhoff. Forschung und Entwicklung: Planung und Kontrolle. 5. Aufl., Oldenbourg, München, 1999.

Keller and

Shumate 1992

M. Keller and K. Shumate. Software Specification and Design: A Disciplined Approach for Real-Time Systems. Wiley, 1992.

Lennertz 2006

D. Lennertz. Produktmanagement. Frankfurter Allgemeine Buch, Frankfurt am Main, 2006.

Dagstuhl 2002

A. Beresford, C. Kiss Kalló, U. Kretschmer, F. Mattern, and M. Muehlenbrock. The first summer school on ubiquitous and pervasive computing. IEEE
(36)

Literature

MHCI 2003

L. Chittaro, editor. Proc. of Mobile HCI 2003, volume 2795 of LNCS, Udine, Italy, September 2003. Springer.

Michahelles 2004

F. Michahelles. Innovative Application Development for Ubiquitous and

Wearable Computing. PhD (dr. sc. techn.) dissertation, Perceptual Computing & Computer Vision Group, Institute for Scientific Computing, ETH Zurich, Switzerland, December 2004.

Sommerville and

Sawyer 1997

I. Sommerville and P. Sawyer. Requirements Engineering: A Good Practice Guide. John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, England, 1997.

Perl 2003

E. Perl. Grundlagen des Innovations- und Technologiemanagements. In H. Strebel, editor, Innovations- und Technologiemanagement, volume 2455 of UTB, pages 15–48, Vienna, Austria, 2003. WUV Universitätsverlag.

Pichler 2007

M. Pichler. A novel view on requirements engineering for ubiquitous computing: The innovation perspective. PhD thesis, 2007.

Standish Group

1995

Standish Group. Chaos Report, 1995.

(http://www.projectsmart.co.uk/docs/chaos-report.pdf). Last visited: 09/03/2008.

Schröder 2002

H.H. Schröder. Paradigmen für das Management von Innovationen - eine kritische Analyse. In H. Strebel, editor, Innovation und Umwelt, pages 23–76, Graz/Vienna, Austria, 2002.
(37)

Literature

Stummer et al.

2006

C. Stummer, M. Günther, A.M. Köck. Grundzüge des Innovations- und Technologiemanagements, Facultas Verlag, 2006.

Weiser 1993

M. Weiser. Some computer science issues in ubiquitous computing. Communications of the ACM, 36(7):75–84, 1993.

Wiegers 1999

K. Wiegers. Software Requirements. Microsoft Press, Redmond, Washington, 1999.

Thackara 2006

J. Thackara. In the Bubble: Designing in a Complex World. The MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 2006.

UbiApp WS 2005

R. Sharp and K. Rehman. The 2005 UbiApp workshop: What makes good application-led research? IEEE Pervasive Computing, 4(3):80–82, 2005.

Vahs and

Burmester 2002

D. Vahs and R. Burmester. Innovationsmanagement. Stuttgart, Germany, 2002.

van de Weerd et

al. 2006

I. van de Weerd, S. Brinkkemper, R. Nieuwenhuis, J. Versendaal, and L.

Bijlsma. Towards a reference framework for software product management. In Proc. 14th IEEE Intl. Conference on Requirements Engineering, pages 319– 322, Minneapolis, MN, USA, 2006.

(http://www.projectsmart.co.uk/docs/chaos-report.pdf

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