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Project Report
(Implemented in ASP.Net (Code Behind C#), SQL SERVER 2005)
A PROJECT REPORT SUBMITTED TO INDIRA GANDHI NATIONAL OPEN UNIVERSITY IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE
AWARD OF
BACHLOR IN COMPUTER APPLICATIONS
(BCA) SUBMITTED BY UNDER THE GUIDENCE OF
INDIRA GANDHI NATIONAL OPEN UNIVERSITY
SCHOOL OF COMPUTER AND INFORMATION SCIENCES INDIRA GANDHI NATIONAL OPEN UNIVERSITY
MAIDAN GARHI, NEW DELHI – 110 068. 2013-14
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I am greatly pleased to take this opportunity to acknowledge the co-operation and assistance of few people without whom this endeavor would not have been a success.
Firstly, I am indebted to my guide for having shown confidence in me, and giving me an opportunity to debut in the world of Software Engineering under his aegis. Also, he has been extremely patient in the initial phase of the work and has given me ample opportunity to learn and imbibe the rudiments of the subject.
Further, I would like to express my gratitude towards all staff of Company for their co-operation in all required matters. I am greatly thankful to my project partner who has helped me in completion of this project directly or indirectly.
Date: 30/09/2013 (xxxxxxxxxx xx xxxxxxxxxxxxx) Place: VADODARA
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I
ndexSr. No. Topic
1 Introduction & Objectives of the Project.
Introduction & Objectives. Definition 2 Feasibility Study Technical Feasibility Economical Feasibility Operational Feasibility Legal Feasibility Financial Feasibility
3 Software Engineering Paradigm Applied Introduction to Software
Software Development Life Cycle Meaning of Spiral Model
Spiral Model Analysis Design Testing
Implementation 4 Technology & Operation System
.Net Framework
Framework Architecture
Common Language Specification Common Language Runtime Introduction of Asp.Net Introduction of Asp.Net(C#) Introduction of Sql Server Data Access Layer
5 Software And Hardware Requirement Specifications Software Requirement
Hardware Requirement 6 Analysis
Data Flow Diagrams
E-R Diagrams
Schema Diagram
4 Number of Modules Screen Shots 7 Coding 8 Coding Efficiency 9 Coding Optimization 10 Validation Checks 11 Testing System Testing Integration Testing Unit Testing White Box Testing Black Box Testing Acceptance Testing 12 Implementation & Maintenance
System Security Security Measures Cost Estimation 13 Reports
14 Chart And Project Schedule 15 Future Scope of the Project 16 Bibliography
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1.
Introduction
PROJECT DEFINATION
VADODARACITY.COM
Vadodaracity is dishing up delicious Tandoori, Chinese, Mughlai and Arabian delights to the food lovers of Baroda, in a slick and contemporary style. Located in the heart of Tandalja, it offers a wide variety of exquisite Mughlai and Arabian specialities. The emphasis is always on the freshness of food with generous portions.
Today successful journey through the hearts of our valued guests who have enjoyed and appreciated our cuisine, Vadodaracity marches ahead with confidence to the path for success & glory. We are praised and loved by barodians who knows the taste & aroma has given us the strength & aspiration to improve for better & better. Come & Enjoy our best dishes prepared by utmost perfection. We promise to cater our valued customers upto there utmost satisfaction.
We have ample space for family in house service. Restaurant sitting capacity is about 100 persons. Air-condition and lovely atmosphere, friendly and obedient service staff and of course very authentic & tasty food.
►
PROJECT DESCRIPTION
System Scope:
a) System: Restaurant Reservation Management System.
b) Customer’s Problem: A little more delay in finalizing the reservation and no
facility to order the menu at that moment of time. So it was more effort, more time delay and less result for the customer.
There was no handling of the customers database which
constituted of it’s details.
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Remove delay in placing the booking by the customer by providing all the necessary information like previous reservations,
current reservation, booking facility, menu selection, order submission and bill printing required by the client at his finger tips.
d) Systems Help to the Restaurant Owner or Admin.
It allows to manage restaurants reservation process
dynamically along with dynamically handling of the restaurants Menu Management for the administrator.
e) Application of the System: Goals:
Enable online reservations and food ordering to the customers
without physically contacting the restaurant for the inquires and thereby removing delay in
placing the booking. It enables online ordering fast and efficiently without much wastage of time.
RRMS offers following suite of online tools: 1. Customer will place order through site.
2. Order submission. 3. Bill printing.
4. Making changes to menu pages or specials or offers as required.
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2
.F
easibility Study
Feasibility study is a process to check possibilities of system development. It is a method to check various different requirements and availability of financial & technical resources.
Before starting the process various parameters must be checked like: Estimated finance is there or not?
The man power to operate the system is there or not? The man power is trained or not?
All the above conditions must be satisfied to start the project. This is why in depth analysis of feasibility is carried out.
There are three different ways feasibility can be tested 1) Technical Feasibility
2) Economic Feasibility 3) Operational Feasibility. 4) Financial feasibility
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Technical Feasibility:
It is basically used to see existing computer, hardware and software etc., weather it is sufficient or additional equipment’s are required? Minimum System Requirement is such that it can be affordable by of the user who is having
computer. All the user requires is compatible browser and .net framework installed so our system is fully technical feasible.
Economic Feasibility:
In Economic feasibility, analysis of the cost of the system is carried out. The system should be only developed if it is going to give returned the current manual system user can get the price only by purchasing the newspapers. In addition if he/she wants to see archives of particular equity then he has to refer to all the old newspapers. For research reports he has to buy another magazine. So Instead of buying no of magazines user has to just go online and with a single click he can get whatever information he wants. So our project of online share news passes the test of Economic feasibility.
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Operational Feasibility:
Once the system is designed there must be trained and expert operator. If there are not trained they should give training according to the needs of the system.
From the user’s perspective our system fully operational feasible as it just requires some knowledge of computer. Operators only need add daily prices of various equities and there are enough validations available so operator does not require any special technical knowledge. So our system also passes the test of operational feasibility.
Legal Feasibility
Determines whether the proposed system conflicts with legal requirements, e.g. a data processing system must comply with the local Data Protection Acts.
Financial feasibility
In case of a new project, financial viability can be judged on the following parameters:
Total estimated cost of the project
Financing of the project in terms of its capital structure, debt equity ratio and
promoter's share of total cost
Existing investment by the promoter in any other business Projected cash flow and profitability
Final Conclusion of the Feasibility Study
Finally, from the whole study it can be concluded that the system is technically feasible, initially if we see then the initial cost is high but by studying
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economical feasibility with improved level services, customer may be attracted towards the Star Placement Services and ultimately that is our aim . Other feasibility aspects are satisfied with considering certain risk factor, which is always present in any proposed system project.
After completing the feasibility study I described the whole study and presented the report of the study to the Chief Manager of Starnet Services.
We discussed about dates to start the real specification of the system and the designing days and further details. We discussed roughly about the model of the actual software system, how it could take place etc.
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3
.S
oftware
E
ngineering
P
aradigm
A
pplied
Introduction to Software
“What is exactly meant by software?” I was asked by one of the official of the Starnet Services in the meeting.
Let’s first define the term software.
Computer software is the product that software engineers design and build.
It encompasses programs that execute within a computer of any size and architecture, documents that encompass hard copy and virtual forms, and data that combine numbers and text but also includes representation of pictorial, video, and audio information.
Software Engineer builds it, and virtually everyone in the industrialized world uses it either directly or indirectly.
Because it affects nearly every aspect of our lives and has become pervasive in our commerce, our culture, and our everyday activities. We build computer software like we build any successful product, by
applying a process that leads to a high quality result that meets the needs of the people who will use the product.
We apply a software engineering approach.
From the point of view of a software engineer; the work product is the programs, documents, and data that are computer software.
But from the user’s point of view, the work product is the resultant information that somehow makes the user’s world, User privileges better. Software is both a product and a vehicle for delivering a product.
Software Applications
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System software is a collection of programs written to service other program, e.g. COMPLIER, EDITORS, AND FILE MANAGEMENT UTILITIES, OS COMPONENTS, DRIVERS, etc.
Real-Time software
Software that monitors/analyzes/controls real-world events as they occur is called real time. Elements of real-time software include a data gathering component that collects and formats information from an external environment, an analysis component that transforms information as required by the application, a control/output component that responds to the external environment and a monitoring component that coordinates all other components so that real response can be maintained.
Business Software
Business information processing is the largest single software application area. Discrete “systems” (e.g. PAYROLL, ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE/PAYABLE, INVENTORY, SMBS)
Engineering and Scientific Software
Engineering and scientific software have been characterized by “number crunching” algorithms. Application range from astronomy to volcanology, from automotive stress analysis to space shuttle orbital dynamics, and from molecular biology to automated manufacturing.
Embedded software
Intelligent products have become commonplace in nearly every consumer and industrial market. Embedded software resides in read-only memory and is used to control products and systems for the consumer
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and industrial markets, e.g. keypad control for a microwave oven, so we can say that they can perform very limited and esoteric functions.
Personal computer software
The personal computer software market has burgeoned over the past two decades. Word processing, spreadsheets, computer graphics, multimedia, entertainment, personal and business financial applications, external network, and database access are only a few of hundreds of applications.
Web-based software
The web pages retrieved by a browser are software incorporates executable instructions (e.g. CGI, HTML, PERL, JAVA, ASP), and data (e.g. hypertext and a variety of visual and audio formats)
Artificial intelligence software
Artificial intelligence (AI) software makes use of nonnumeric algorithms to solve complex problems that are not amenable to computation or straightforward analysis. Expert systems, pattern recognition (image and voice), artificial neural networks, theorem proving, and game playing are representatives of applications within this category.
This proposed project could be put in the category of BUSINESS
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Software Development Life Cycle
The systems development life cycle (SDLC) is a conceptual model used in project management that describes the stages involved in an information system development project, from an initial feasibility study through maintenance of the completed application.
Various SDLC methodologies have been developed to guide the processes involved, including the waterfall model (which was the original SDLC method); rapid application development (RAD); joint application development (JAD); the fountain model; the spiral model; build and fix; and synchronize-and-stabilize. Frequently, several models are combined into some sort of hybrid methodology. Documentation is crucial regardless of the type of model chosen or devised for any application, and is usually done in parallel with the development process. Some methods work better for specific types of projects, but in the final analysis, the most important factor for the success of a project may be how closely the particular plan was followed.
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Spiral Model
The spiral model, also known as the spiral lifecycle model, is a systems development lifecycle (SDLC) model used in information technology (IT). This model of development combines the features of the prototyping model and the waterfall model. The spiral model is favored for large, expensive, and complicated projects.
Meaning of Spiral Model spiral model
A software life-cycle model which supposes incremental development, using the waterfall for each step, with the aim of managing risk. In the spiral model, developers define and implement features in order of decreasing priority.
The steps in the spiral model can be generalized as follows:
The new system requirements are defined in as much detail as possible. This usually involves interviewing a number of users representing all the external or internal users and other aspects of the existing system.
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A preliminary design is created for the new system.
A first prototype of the new system is constructed from the preliminary design. This is usually a scaled-down system, and represents an approximation of the characteristics of the final product.
A second prototype is evolved by a fourfold procedure: (1) evaluating the first prototype in terms of its strengths, weaknesses, and risks; (2) defining the requirements of the second prototype; (3) planning and designing the second prototype; (4) constructing and testing the second prototype.
At the customer's option, the entire project can be aborted if the risk is deemed too great. Risk factors might involve development cost overruns, operating-cost miscalculation, or any other factor that could, in the customer's judgment, result in a less-than-satisfactory final product.
System Analysis
The goal of system analysis is to determine where the problem is in an attempt to fix the system. This step involves breaking down the system in different pieces to analyze the situation, analyzing project goals, breaking down what needs to be created and attempting to engage users so that definite requirements can be defined.
Requirements analysis sometimes requires individuals/teams from client as well as service provider sides to get detailed and accurate requirements; often there has to be a lot of communication to and from to understand these requirements. Requirement gathering is the most crucial aspect as many times communication gaps arise in this phase and this leads to validation errors and bugs in the software program.
Design
In systems design the design functions and operations are described in detail, including screen layouts, business rules, process diagrams and other documentation. The output of this stage will describe the new system as a collection of modules or subsystems.
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The design stage takes as its initial input the requirements identified in the approved requirements document. For each requirement, a set of one or more design elements will be produced as a result of interviews, workshops, and/or prototype efforts.
Design elements describe the desired software features in detail, and generally include functional hierarchy diagrams, screen layout diagrams, tables of business rules, business process diagrams, pseudo code, and a complete entity-relationship diagram with a full data dictionary. These design elements are intended to describe the software in sufficient detail that skilled programmers may develop the software with minimal additional input design.
Testing
The code is tested at various levels in software testing. Unit, system and user acceptance testing’s often performed. This is a grey area as many different opinions exist as to what the stages of testing are and how much if any iteration occurs. Iteration is not generally part of the waterfall model, but usually some occur at this stage. In the testing phase, the whole system is tested one by one
Following are the types of testing:
1. White Box Testing 2. Black Box Testing
White Box Testing
White-box testing is a method of testing software that tests internal
structures or workings of an application, as opposed to its functionality (i.e. black-box testing). In white-box testing an internal perspective of the system, as well as programming skills, are required and used to design test cases. The tester chooses inputs to exercise paths through the code and determine the appropriate outputs. This is analogous to testing nodes in a circuit, e.g. in-circuit testing (ICT).
While white-box testing can be applied at the unit, integration and system levels of the software testing process, it is usually done at the unit level. It can test paths
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within a unit, paths between units during integration, and between subsystems during a system level test. Though this method of test design can uncover many errors or problems, it might not detect unimplemented parts of the specification or missing requirements.
Black-Box testing
Block Box Testing is a method of testing that tests the functionality of an application as opposed to its internal structures or workings (see white). Specific knowledge of the application's code/internal structure and programming knowledge in general is not required. Test cases are built around specifications and requirements, i.e., what the application is supposed to do. It uses external descriptions of the software, including specifications, requirements, and designs to derive test cases. These tests can be functional or non-functional, though usually functional. The test designer selects valid and invalid inputs and determines the correct output. There is no knowledge of the test object's internal structure.
Implementation
In this phase the designs are translated into code. Computer programs are written using a conventional programming language or an application generator. Programming tools like Compilers, Interpreters, and Debuggers are used to generate the code. Different high level programming languages like C, C++, Pascal, and Java are used for coding. With respect to the type of application, the right programming language is chosen
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4.T
echnology and
O
peration
S
ystem
The .Net Framework
A frame work is commonly thought of as a set of class libraries that aid in the development of applications. The .net framework is more than just a set of classes. The .net framework is targeted by compliers using a wide variety of applications. Including everything from small components that run on handheld devices to large Microsoft ASP.ET application that span web farms, where multiple web serves act together to improve the performance fault tolerance of a web site. The .NET framework is responsible for providing a basic platform that these applications can share. This basic platform includes a runtimes set of services that oversee the execution of applications. A key responsibility of the runtime is to manage execution so that software written by different programming languages uses classes and other types safely.
Microsoft .Net Framework Architecture
Microsoft's .NET Framework is comprised of two main components - the Common Language Runtime (CLR) and the .NET Framework class libraries. The CLR is the real foundation of the .NET Framework. It is the execution engine for all .NET applications. Every target computer requires the CLR to successfully run a .NET application that uses the .NET Framework.
The main features of CLR include:
Automatic Memory Management
Thread Management
Code Compilation & Execution
Code Verification
High level of security
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Structured Exception Handling
Interoperability between Managed and Unmanaged code.
Integration with Microsoft Office System
All .NET applications are compiled into Intermediate Language code (MSIL). When executed on the CLR, MSIL is converted into native machine code specific to the operating platform. This process is done by a Just in Time (JIT) compiler. The code executed by the CLR is called as Managed Code. This code is type safe and thoroughly checked by the CLR before being deployed. The .NET runtime also provides a facility to incorporate existing COM components and DLL's into a .NET application. Code that is not controlled by the CLR is called Unmanaged Code.
The .NET Framework is further comprised of Common Type System (CTS) and Common Language Specification (CLS). The CTS defines the common data types used by .NET programming languages. The CTS tells you how to represent characters and numbers in a program. The CLS represents the guidelines defined by for the .NET Framework. These specifications are normally used by the compiler developers and are available for all languages, which target the .NET Framework.
Net architecture
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To fully interact with other objects regardless of the language they were implemented in, objects must expose to callers only those features that are common to all the languages they must interoperate with. For this reason, the Common Language Specification (CLS), which is a set of basic language features needed by many applications, has been defined. The CLS rules define a subset of the Common Type System; that is, all the rules that apply to the common type system apply to the CLS, except where stricter rules are defined in the CLS. The CLS helps enhance and ensure language interoperability by defining a set of features that developer can rely on to be available in a wide variety of languages. The CLS also establishes requirements for CLS compliance; these help you determine whether your managed code conforms to the CLS and to what extent a given tool supports the development of managed code that uses CLS features.
If your component uses only CLS features in the API that it exposes to other code (including derived classes), the component is guaranteed to be accessible from any programming language that supports the CLS. Components that adhere to the CLS rules and use only the features included in the CLS are said to be CLS-compliant components.
The CLS was designed to be large enough to include the language constructs that are commonly needed by developers, yet small enough that most languages are able to support it. In addition, any language constructs that makes it impossible to rapidly verify the type safety of code was excluded from the CLS so that all CLS-compliant languages can produce verifiable code if they choose to do so.
Common Language Runtime
The Common Language Runtime (CLR) is the virtual machine component of Microsoft's .NET initiative. It is Microsoft's implementation of the Common
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Language Infrastructure (CLI) standard, which defines an execution environment for program code. The CLR runs a form of byte code called the Microsoft Intermediate Language (MSIL), Microsoft's implementation of the Common Intermediate Language.
Developers using the CLR write code in a high level language such as C#. At compile-time, a .NET compiler converts such code into MSIL (Microsoft Intermediate Language) code. At runtime, the CLR's just-in-time compiler (JIT compiler) converts the MSIL code into code native to the operating system. Alternatively, the MSIL code can be compiled to native code in a separate step prior to runtime. This speeds up all later runs of the software as the MSIL-to-native compilation is no longer necessary.
Although some other implementations of the Common Language Infrastructure run on non-Windows operating systems, the CLR runs on Microsoft Windows operating systems.
The virtual machine aspect of the CLR allows programmers to ignore many details of the specific CPU that will execute the program. The CLR also provides other important services, including the following:
• Memory management • Thread management • Exception handling • Garbage collection • Security Introduction to ASP.NET
Although in C# Language, .NET is a powerful but simple language aimed primarily at developers creating web applications for the Microsoft .NET platform. It inherits many of the best features of C++ but with some of the inconsistencies and anachronisms removed, resulting in cleaner and logical language. C# also contains a
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variety of useful new innovations that accelerate application development, especially when used in conjunction with Microsoft Visual Studio .NET.
The Common Language Runtime provides the services that are needed for executing any application that’s developed with one of the .NET languages. This is possible because all of the .NET languages compile to a common Intermediate Language. The CLR also provides the common type system that defines that data types that are used by all the .Net languages. That way, you can use same data types regardless of what.NET language you’re using to develop your application.
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Microsoft ASP.NET( C # )
Microsoft ASP.NET( C # ) is one of the most well known languages for the front-end programming. It provides a ‘Rapid Application Development ‘environment to the developers. It provides supports for the ODBC (Open Database Connectivity) and RDO data access methods, which can be used as a powerful development tools. It also supports ActiveX Data Objects (ADO) access methods, which is useful in creating a web page, and writing DHTML applications. It has such tools that any programmer can have an attractive screens which he imagines. It is the most widely used languages and is more flexible. Also one can have the desired properties of the various commands to create textbox’s, labels, used in the screens. It also has the facility to create menu.
Microsoft ASP.NET(C #) is based on Visual Studio.NET that was developed in early 70’s. Visual Studio .Net comes in several varieties including the following:
Microsoft, realizing that ASP does possess some significant shortcomings, developed ASP.net. ASP.net is a set of components that provide developers with a framework with which to implement complex functionality. Two of the major improvements of ASP.net over traditional ASP are scalability and availability. ASP.net is scalable in that it provides state services that can be utilized to manage session variables across multiple web services in a server farm. Additionally, ASP.net possesses a high performance process model that can detect application failures and recover from them. We use the fundamentals of programming with C# using Visual Studio .NET and .NET framework.
The project is the starting point for authoring applications, components &
services in Visual Studio.NET 2008.It eats as a container that manages your source code, data connections & references. A project is organized as part of a solution, which can contain multiple projects that are independent of each other. C# project file has .asproj extension whereas solution file has .sln extension.
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In order to write code against an external component, your project must first
contain a reference to it. A reference can be made to the following types of component.
(1) .NET class libraries or assemblies (2) COM components
(3) Other class libraries of projects in the same solution (4) XML web services Features of ASP.NET: (1) Component Infrastructure. (2) Language Integration. (3) Internet Interoperation. (4) Simple Development. (5) Simple Deployment. (6) Reliability. (7) Security
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Introduction to Microsoft SQL Server
Microsoft SQL Server enhances the performance, reliability, and scalability provided by earlier releases of SQL Server by making the processes of developing applications, managing systems, and replicating data easier than ever.
All of data processing is involved with the operations of storing and retrieving data. A database, such as Microsoft SQL Server, is designed as the central repository for all the data of an organization. The crucial nature of data to any organization underlines the importance of the method used to store it and enable its later retrieval.
Microsoft SQL Server uses features similar to those found in other databases and some features that are unique. Most of these additional features are made possible by SQL Server’s tight integration with the Windows NT operating system. SQL Server contains the data storage options and the capability to store and process the same volume of data as a mainframe or minicomputer.
Like most mainframe or minicomputer databases, SQL Server is a Database that has seen an evolution from its introduction in the mid-1960s until today. Microsoft’s SQL Server is founded in the mature and powerful relational model, currently the preferred model for data storage and retrieval.
Unlike mainframe and minicomputer databases, a server database is accessed by users-- called clients--from other computer systems rather than from input/output devices, such as terminals. Mechanisms must be in place for SQL Server to solve problems that arise from the access of data from perhaps Hundreds of computer systems, each of which can process portions of the database independently from the data on the server. Within the framework of a client/server
database, a server database also requires integration with communication components of the server in order to enable connections with client systems.
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SQL server also contains many of the front-end tools of PC databases that traditionally haven’t been available as part of either mainframe or minicomputer databases. In addition to using a dialect of Structured Query Language (SQL), GUI applications can be used for the storage, retrieval, and administration of the database.
Data Access Layer:
When working with data one option is to embed the data-specific logic directly into the presentation layer. This may take the form of writing ADO.NET code in the ASP.NET page's code portion or using the SqlDataSource control from the markup portion. creating a connection to the database, issuing SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE commands, and so on – should be located in the DAL.The presentation layer should not contain any references to such data access code, but should instead make calls into the DAL for any and all data requests. I have created data access layer for Fill() and Get() methods. Get is done by two ways.
GetStory(),which will return information about the success story or user who met by this site.
GetMessage(), which will return information about a message for particular type of membership.
These methods, when invoked, will connect to the database, issue the appropriate query, and return the results. These methods could simply return a Dataset or Data Reader populated by the database query, but ideally these results should be returned using strongly-typed objects.
In strongly-typed Data Table, will have each of its columns implemented as properties, resulting in code that looks like: DataTable .Rows [index].column Name.
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Figure illustrates the workflow between the different layers of an application that uses Typed Datasets.
To retrieve the data to populate the Data Table, I used a Table Adapter class, which functions as my Data Access Layer. For our story Data Table, the Table Adapter is containing the methods – Getstory(), Getstorybyid(memberid), and so on – that I can invoke from the presentation layer. The Data Table’s role is to serve as the strongly-typed objects used to pass data between the layers.
I have a Typed Dataset with a single Data Table (message) and a strongly-typed Data Adapter class (FmsgTableAdapter,PmsgTableAdpter) with a GetMessage() method.
In my application I have used pattern for inserting, updating, and deleting data, this pattern involves creating methods that, when invoked, issue an INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE command to the database that operates on a single database
record. Such methods are typically passed in a series of scalar values (integers, strings, Booleans, Date Times, and so on) that correspond to the values to insert, update, or delete.
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The patterns use the Table Adapter’s Insert Command, Update Command, and Delete Command properties to issue their INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE commands to the database.
Figure Each Insert, Update, and Delete Request Is Sent to the Database Immediately.
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5.
S
oftware and
H
ardware
R
equirement
S
pecifications
System Implementation
The system was initially implemented in only one computer on trial basis. First, dummy data was fed & the testing was done. All the validations & constraints in the system were checked & tested for dummy data so that the system will not give any error in future. It satisfies the needs of the users.
After the successful & smooth running, the system is ready for the final installation or implementation on other computers.
The system was implemented in parallel to the old system to test whether the system is able to perform the required task with required accuracy. After near about 15 days the new system was completely in use.
Hardware and software require
Hardware
Pentium 2.90 Ghz. Or higher microprocessor
320 GB or More Disk Space
4 GB Ram
DVD Driver.
Mouse
Keyboard
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Software
Microsoft Word. (MS Agent), MS-Visio, net Frame works, MS-Sql Server express edition.
Window platform
Any Windows operating system
Details of Hardware and Software used
Details of Hardware Used
Pentium 2.90 Ghz.. 320 GB Hard Disk. 4 GB RAM.
Software Used
Application Package used is Microsoft ASP.NET( C # ) Database Package: Microsoft SQL Server 2005. Othe tools: Microsoft VISIO (UML modeling) MS-WORD
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Window Platform
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6
.A
nalysis
Data Flow Diagram
After the conclusion of interviews of officials and observations from Preliminary Investigation, Feasibility Study and Software Requirement Specifications was signed. I had to draw the Functional Specifications from Data Flow Diagram techniques, to start designing the system.
What is a Data Flow Diagram?
Data flow diagrams illustrate how data is processed by a system in terms of inputs and outputs.
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Data Flow Diagram Notations
You can use two different types of notations on your data flow diagrams: Yourdon & Coad or Gane & Sarson.
Process: A process transforms incoming data flow into outgoing data flow.
: Yourdon & Coad Process
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Data Flow Diagram Layers
Draw data flow diagrams in several nested layers. A single process node on a high level diagram can be expanded to show a more detailed data flow diagram. Draw the context diagram
The nesting of data flow layers
Context Diagrams: A context diagram is a top level (also known as Level 0) data flow diagram. It only contains one process node (process 0) that generalizes the DFD.
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Data Flow Diagram
Context Level Diagram
Restaurant Reservation Management System Admin Customer
Login to the Site
Login Details Get Booked Id Reservation Details
Cancellation Id Register with Site
Register Admin
Manage all master detail like category item,
special offers
Get register with system
39 3. Booking 2. Registration 4. Cancellati on 1. Login 10. Manage Offers 9. Manage Specials 8. Manage Menu 7. Manage Category 6. Manage Area 5. Manage Booking Customer
Offer Master Special Master Menu Master Menu Category Area Master Booking Master Booking Detail
User Detail
Admin
Cancellation
User Name & Password Reg. Details
User Name & Password
‘O’ Level DFD
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Menu & Offer Selection Bill Process Feedback Booking Login User User Details Booking Details Menu Info Selected Menu Booking Details Menu Booking Details Feedback Bill Detail User Name &
Password
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First Level DFD For Area
Admin 2 Edit Area 3 Delete Area 1 Add Area Area Master Area Details Update Area Details
Area Details Area Details
42 Customer Login Booking Process Cancellation Process Cancellation Detail Booking
Information Booking Detail
Cancel Info
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First Level DFD For Menu
Add Menu Admin Edit Menu Delete Menu Menu Master Menu Details Menu Name Menu Details Menu Details
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First Level DFD For Category
Admin Edit Category Delete Category Add Category Category Master Category Detail Category Detail Category Detail Category Name
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E-R Diagram
Restaurant_Id
Restaurant_Name Address
RESTAURANT Has CATEGORY Category_Id Description Category_Name Price Has Booking CUSTOMER User_Id Password Gender Email_Id First_Name Address
MENU ITEM Category_Id Menu_Id Menu_Name Price Description Order Generate BILL Pay Bill_Id Date Booking_Id Total_Amount
ER Diagram
1 1 M M 1 1 1 1 1 146
Schema Diagram
Areamaster PK AreaId AreaName Menumaster PK MenuId FK1,I1 CategoryId MenuName Price Description BillDetails PK BillId TotalAmount Date FK1,I1 BookingId Specialmaster PK SpecialId SpecialName Rates Description StartingDate EndingDate Offermaster PK OfferId OfferName Rates Description StartingDate EndingDate BookingDetails PK BookingId FK1,I1 UserId RestaurantId Date PeopleSize CancelStatus UserAccessAccount PK Accesscounter FK1,I1 UserId Userdetails PK UserId FirstName LastName Gender BirthDate Email_id Address City Pincode Phone UserName Password UserType RestaurantDetail PK RestaurantDetailId FK3,I3 RestaurantId FK2,I2 OfferId FK4,I4 SpecialId FK1,I1 MenuId CancellationDetails PK CancellationId FK1,I1 BookingId Categorymaster PK CategoryId CategoryName Description Restaurantmaster PK RestaurantId FK1,I1 AreaId RestaurantName Address Cuisine PeopleSize Feedback PK FeedbackId FK1,I1 UserId Suggestion MenuBookingDetails PK MenuBookingId FK1,I1 BookingId MenuId MenuName Price Quantity TotalPrice RestaurantSuggestion PK SuggestionId FK1,I1 UserId RestaurantName Area Description47
Data Dictionary
User Detail Table:-
Field Name Data Type Width Attributes Description
UserId int 4 Primary Key User Id No.
FirstName varchar 50 Not Null FullName of the User LastName varchar 50 NotNull LastName of User Gender char 10 Not Null Sex Of the User Birthdate date/time 50 Not Null Birthdate of the User EmailId varchar 50 Not Null Email Address of the User. Address varchar 100 Not Null Address of the User.
City char 50 NotNull CityName
Pincode Numeric 9 NotNull Pincode Number Phone Numeric 9 Not Null Phone no of the User. UserName varchar 50 Not Null UserName of the User. Password varchar 50 Not Null Password of the User. Type of User char 20 Not Null Type of the User
Categorymaster Table:-
Field Name Data type Width Attributes Descripton
Category Id Int 4 Primary Key Category Id No. Category Name varchar 50 Not Null Name of the Category Description varchar 100 Allow Null Description of the
Category
MaxPrice Numeric 9 Allow Null Maximum Price Of Category
Menumaster Table:-
Field Name Data Type Width Attributes Description
MenuId Int 4 Primary Key Menu No. Of the Menu
CategoryId Int 4 Not Null(Fk) Category No. Of the Menu
MenuName Varchar 50 Not Null Name of the Menu
Description Varchar 100 Allow Null Description of the Menu
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Price Numeric 9 Not Null The Price of the Menu
Booking Details Table:-
Field Data Type Width Attributes Description
BookingId Int 4 Primary Key Booking ID No UserId Int 4 Not Null(Fk) User No of the
User
RestaurantId Int 4 Not Null(Fk) RestaurantId of the Restaurant Date Date/Time 8 Not Null Booking Date of
the user PeopleSize Numeric 9 Not Null No. of People
Booked For Table CancelStatus Char 1 Not Null Booking Status of
the user
Bill Details Table:-
Field Name Data Type Width Attributes Description
BillId Int 4 Primary Key Bill No Of the User
BookingId Int 4 Not Null(Fk) Booking No. Of the User.
Date DateTime 8 Not Null DateTime of the Booking
TotalAmount Numeric 9 Not Null TotalAmount of the bookedMenu
Offermaster Table:- Field Name Data
Type
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SpecialmasterTable:- Field Name Data
Type
Width Attributes Description
SpecialId Int 4 Primary Key SpecialNo Of the Menu
Special Name Varchar 50 Not Null The Special Name
Rate Numeric 9 Not Null The Rate of the
Special
Description Varchar 100 Allow Null The Description of the Special StratingDate Date/Time 8 Allow Null Display date of
the Special for particular day Ending Date DateTime 8 Allow Null Ending Date of
the Special
UserAccessCounterDetails:-
Field Name Data Type Width Attributes Description
AccessCountId Int 4 Primary key This give the no of times user access the webpages
UserId Int 4 NotNull(Fk) UserId of User
Restaurantmaster Table:-
Field Name Data Type Width Attributes Description
RestaurantId Int 4 Primary Key Restaurant No OfferId Int 4 Primary Key OfferNo Of the
Menu
Offer Name varchar 50 Not Null The Offer Name
Rate Numeric 9 Not Null The Rate of the
Offer
Description Varchar 100 Allow Null The Description of the Offer StratingDate Date/Time 8 Allow Null Display date of
the offer for particular day Ending Date DateTime 8 Allow Null Ending Date of
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AreaId Int 4 Not Null(Fk) Area No. Of the Restaurant RestaurantName DateTime 8 Not Null Name of the
Restaurant Address Numeric 9 Not Null Address of the
Restaurant Cuisine Char 50 Not Null Cuisine of the
Restaurant
Areamaster Table :-
CancellationdetailsTable :-
Field Name Data Type Width Attributes Description
CancellationId Int 4 Primary Key CancellationNo BookingId Int 4 NotNull(Fk) Booking No
FeedBack Table :-
Field Name Data Type Width Attributes Description
FeedbackId Int 4 Primary Key FeedbackNo
UserId Int 4 NotNull(Fk) UserNo
Comments varchar 1000 NotNull Comments &Suggestion by User
RestaurantSuggestion Table:-
Field Name Data
Type
Width Attributes Description
RestaurantSuggestionId Int 4 Primary Key RestaurantSuggestion No
UserId Int 4 NotNull(Fk) User No
RestaurantName varchar 50 NotNull Name of Restaurant suggest by user Comments varchar 250 AllowNull Comments about
Field Name Data Type Width Attributes Description
AreaId Int 4 Primary Key Area No
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Restaurant
MenuBookingDetail Table :- Field Name Data
Type
Width Attributes Description
MenuBookingId Int 4 Primary Key OfferNo Of the Menu
BookingId int 4 Not Null(Fk) The BookingNo
MenuId Int 4 Not Null(Fk) MenuNo
MenuName varchar 50 Not Null Name of the Menu
Price Numeric 9 Not Null Price of the Menu Quantity Numeric 9 Not Null Quantity of Menu TotalPrice Numeric 9 NotNull Total of Price of
Menu per Quantity
Restaurantdetail Master Table :-
Field Name Data
Type
Width Attributes Description
RestaurantdetailId Int 4 Primary Key Restaurantdetail No
MenuId Int 4 NotNull(Fk) Menu No
RestaurantId Int 4 NotNull(Fk) RestaurantNo OfferId Int 4 AllowNull(Fk) OfferNo SpecialId Int 4 AllowNull(Fk) SpecialNo
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Number of Modules
This system contains two modules:
a) Administrator module
b) Client module
c)
Report
a) Administrator Module
The administrator module contains the following
sub-modules:
Area Master
Category Master
Menu Master
Restaurant Detail Master
Restaurant Master
Special Master
Offer Master
Register New User
Login Form
Forgot Password
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b)
Client module
The client module contains the following sub-modules:
Client User Registration Details
Client Login Form
Client Welcome Page
Client Booking Detail
Client Menu Item Detail
Client Item Detail
c)
Report
Areawise Restaurant Information Report
User Details Report
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Screen Shot
Admin
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8
.C
ode
E
fficiency
Efficiency of code is mainly dependent on how intelligently coding is done. There is no specific technique by which any one can say, this is the efficient code and other one is a bad one, it all depends on the programmer that how efficiently he uses his intellect. And the other most important thing is the way one is handling the language; which is used to develop the code and for that one has to have proper knowledge of language.
But still there are some common techniques and structures; if any one follows that then his/her code can become quite efficient.
E.g. Variable Naming Conventions, Properly used scope of variable, use of control structure and looping structure in a easier and a simpler way as much as possible.
To write code in a proper order and sequence, the order and sequence again depends on the programmer and the situation.
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9
.
O
ptimization
o
f
c
ode
If coding is done efficiently then it should also be used or done optimistically. i.e. best use of code.
What is the reason behind this optimization?
Optimization means make best or most effective use.
E.g. there is one efficient function or efficient environment oriented language or tool is available but if optimum use of that function or tool or language makes the whole program more simpler, effective and user friendly also.
Now, how to optimize? Again it mostly depends on the programmer, that how intelligently he is doing all those things, still there are some basic rules to make our code optimistic.
First thing is, develop the code which is general i.e. that code cannot be purposefully developed only by one angle. i.e. only for current system. Programmer must be awake of all the general usage of that code, at least he/she has to look out onto most of the probabilistic events or conditions or specifications that can occur. The most usage of any function can also be cleared prior to making them, then only one can develop the general purpose code which can be said as optimization of code. So ultimately code must be reusable.
Second is, Modularization i.e. most important thing for optimization. If total code is distributed in proper modules prior to start of the actual coding then it’s a better way of coding. General Module i.e. Standard Module is used.
Third thing is capabilities; utilities and facilities which are provided by language or tool or environment in which the programmer is developing the code must be properly known.
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Active X Control named as EdgeCtl.ocx
The most important thing to use OCX is its Reusability. MDI is used so, automatically it optimizes the code.
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10.
V
alidation
c
heck
1. To Valid means totally accepted so validations checks indicating, to check whether the entered data is totally acceptable or not before actual insertion in to the database.
2. Let’s find what are the validations checks are existed in the present system.
3. The first validation is all numeric fields must be filled with only numeric data.
4. The second validation is the limit of numeric field. e.g. percentage % value cannot be greater than 100.
5. The third validation is user cannot enter any item into customer-bill other than existing item in the database. To implement this validation whenever user wants to generate the customer bill, he/she always have item details list and he/she has to select items only form that list.
6. Payment only done with cash, chque/DD. Credit card is not allowed. 7. In a Particular field like Item name, Category name, Date of Reservation,
Time if Reservation can’t be kept. So it is the validation not Allowed in the system.
8. Table Reservation validation : Date must be greater than or equal to till date.
9. Proper numeric calculations methods are maintained to maintain total outstanding and paid amount for Customer.
10. There are also various constraints to fulfill the purpose validation checks at database level.
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11. Data store in the reference table/column is validated through a visual graphical component like combo, List views, three views which makes the foreign key value consistent & sure to be present in the parent table.
12. All Date field values are stored as “DD-MM-YY”formate and will be consistent through system.
13. All database fields that take in a single value, as flag will content Digit. 14. All text field make length is set according to the mapped database fields,
so the characters do not exceed the maximum length.
15. All text fields that take inputs as alphanumeric will be validated, So that only alphabets are taken as parameters for input.
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11
.T
esting
To examine critically is called Testing. Whatever we have developed whether it is properly working or how much correctly the development has been done or what are the errors. To answer these type of questions testing is required. First of all the project is debugged by method of Traditional breakpoint facility. Debugging means the process of isolating and correcting the cause of known errors. Various testing methods are used to test the system.
System Testing
A system is tested for online responses, volume of transactions, stress, and recovery from failure, and usability. System testing involves two kinds of activities – Integration testing and acceptance testing.
Integration Testing
Bottom up integration is the traditional; strategy used to integrate the components of a software system into a functioning whole. Bottom-up integration consists of unit testing, followed by subsystem testing, followed by testing of the entire system. Unit testing has the goal of discovering errors in the individual modules of the system.
61 Unit Testing
A program unit is usually small enough that the programmers who developed it can test it in great detail and certainly in greater detail will be possible when the unit is integrated into an evolving software product. There are four categories of tests a programmer will typically perform on
a program unit:
1. Functional Tests: specify operating conditions, input values and expected results. For example the function Numeric written to check whether data is numeric or not the argument can be passed as null argument.
2. Performance Tests: should be designed to verify response time, execution time, throughput, primary and secondary memory utilization and traffic rates on data channels and communications. A query executed takes 5 seconds to display results, is a test for response time. Execution time is the time taken by CPU to execute a program. Throughput is the rate at which data gets transferred from one data source to destination. Primary and secondary memory utilization needs to be optimized. Traffic rates on data channels and communication link testing are applicable for networks.
3. Stress Tests: are designed to overload a system in various ways. The purpose of test is to determine the limitations of the system. During multiple query execution the available memory can be reduced to see whether the program is able to handle the situation.
4. Structural Tests: are concerned with examining the internal processing logic of a software system. For example, if a function is responsible for tax calculation, the verification of the logic is a structural test.
To test the code there are two testing methods, which are very popular they mentioned below 1. White box 2. Black Box.
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Database Testing
Modern Web Application does much more than present static content objects. In many application domains, Web Application interface with sophisticated database management system and build dynamic content object that are created in real time using the data acquired from a database.
Database Testing for Web Application is complicated by a variety of factor.
1) The original client side request for information is rarely presented in the form that can be input to a database management system.
2) The database may be remote to the server that houses the Web application.
3) RAW data acquired from the database must be transmitted to the Web application Server and properly formatted for subsequent transmittal to the client.
4) The dynamic content objects must be transmitted to the client in a form that can be displayed to the end user.
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Database
[Layers of interaction]
In figure testing should be ensure that
1. Valid information is passed between the client and server from the interface layer
2. The Web application process script correctly and properly extract or formats user data.
1. Queries are passed to a data management layer that communicates with database access routines.
Client layer-user interface
Server layer- WebApp
Server layer- Data transformation
Server layer - data
Management
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2. User data are passed correctly to a server side data transformation function that format appropriate queries.
Interface Testing
Interface design model is reviewed to ensure that generic quality criteria established for all user interfaces have been achieved and that application specific interface design issue has been properly addressed.
Interface testing strategy
The overall strategy for interface testing is to (1) Uncover error related to specific Interface mechanisms (2) uncover errors in the way the interface implements the semantics of navigation, Web Application functionality, or content display. to accomplish this strategy, a number of objectives must be achieved:
Interface futures are tested to ensure that design rules, aesthetics, and related visual content are available for the user without error. Individual interface mechanisms are tested in a manner that is a logous to unit testing For example; tests are designed to exercise all forms, client-side scripting, dynamic HTML. Each interface mechanism is tested within the context of a use-case or NSU for a specific user category the interface is tested within a variety of environments to ensure that it will be compatible.
Compatibility Testing
Web application must operate within environment that differs from one another. Different computer, display device, OS, browser and network connection speed can have significant on Web application operation. Different browser some time produced slightly different results, regardless of the degree of HTML standardization within the Web application.
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The Web Engineering team derives a series of compatibility, validation tests, derived from existing interface tests, navigation tests, performance tests and security tests.
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12
.I
mplementation &
M
aintenance
After testing system will be implemented at the actual site.
Therefore, implementation team should be provided with a well-defined set of software requirements, an architectural design specification and a detailed design description.
After that user training schedule will be arranged.
Whole system itself consists HELP MENU and HELP TOIPCS so; no major problem will be encountered.
After three or four months first actual feedback will be taken.
Form that feedback necessary other tips and points will be discussed.
The maintenance is free for one year from system implementation year, after that it depends on the management to continue or to discontinue. The maintenance-working schedule will be discussed after three months evolutions.
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System Security Measures
At the back end very powerful security is provide by SQL SERVER 2005. Without proper username and password no one can enter in the
database.
Again if user name and password is correct then that user can do only those operations, which are granted by the administrator.
On Front end side, security is provided by unique user name and password which is known by him or administrator no one else knows it. So, anybody who does not know the password and username cannot use
it.
The account creation for new user is done by administrator.
Star Placement Services do not want very high security in this version so, high level security is not implemented .That will be implemented in the next version.
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Cost Estimation
Here, I have roughly rounded the cost estimation:
This is just a rough estimation, so it can be predicted more or less in some cases than actual estimation.
Total there are 20 forms in the software so designing and coding costing around ` 5000 + Reports costing ` 5000 and + Database `15000 = `25000.
The cost of Extra Reports, Utilities, and Original software, Hardware are not estimated and included in the cost estimation.
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13
.
R
eports
Let me first of all define the word Report; that means To Inform, A Form of
Statements or Make Official or Formal Statement, Write Description for Publication or Bring to Attention of Authorities according to OXFORD Dictionary.
Here, the system is generating some reports; which are very essential for customers and management also.
Reports are generated by Combining And Connecting SQL SERVER 2005
Database With The Data Environment Technology Designed By Microsoft Visual studio.net
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