FEDERAL DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF ETHIOPIA
MINISTRY OF INFRASTRACTURE
MANUAL FOR BUILDING DESIGN CHECKING
AND
PROCEDURES FOR OUTSOURCING
FOREWORD
The Proclamation No. 256/94 E.C (256/2001) of the Federal Democratic republic of Ethiopia empowers the Ministry of Infrastructure to prepare the Country's Building Code, issue Standards and Guidelines for design and construction works, registration of professionals and consultants and follow up and supervise the implementation of same.
In exercising these powers and in discharging of its responsibilities, the Ministry is issuing a series of Building Code Standards, Manuals and Guidelines of general application, one of which is the following “Manual for Building Design Checking and
Procedures for Outsourcing”.
The purpose of these documents is to serve as nationally recognized documents, the application of which is deemed to ensure compliance of constructions with the minimum requirements for design, design checking, procurement procedures, construction and quality of materials set out by the Ministry.
The major benefits to be gained in applying these documents are the harmonization of professional practice and the ensuring of appropriate levels of safety, health and economy with due consideration of the objective conditions and needs of the country.
As the documents are technical documents, which, by their very nature, require periodic updating and revised editions will be issued by the Ministry from time to time as appropriate.
The Ministry welcomes comments and suggestions on all aspect of the documents. All feedback received will be carefully reviewed by professional experts in the field with a view to possible incorporation of amendments in the future editions.
Kassu Yilala(Dr) Minister
Ministry of Infrastructure 2004
PREFACE
This Manual for building design checking and procedure for outsourcing and design checklist for the purpose of checking building designs has been prepared by the Ministry of Infrastructure (MOI) for use by Employers, Design Consultants and Design Checkers for Building Projects.
The document has three sections; section 1 being the Manual for building design
checking, section 2 contains the Procedures for Outsourcing and section 3 deals with the Checklists for Architectural, Structural, Electrical, Sanitary, Plumbing & Mechanical
designs; Specifications(Bill descriptions) and priced Bill of Quantities, the Drawing Standards and requirement of details; and Bidding and Contract Documents.
The document is prepared based on the existing "Revised Check-list”, Office Engineering Service, MOI, August 1999 and the Terms of reference issued for the study.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
In August 2004, An agreement was made between GTZ Office Addis Ababa on one part and SB Consult Consulting Architects and Engineers and Life Consult PLC on the other part for the preparation of the Manual for building design checking and procedure for outsourcing and the revised design checklist.
After presentation to the Ministry of Infrastructure (MOI), a workshop was arranged and the draft document prepared was commented on by professionals of the Ministry and other invited institutions and individuals on the workshop.
The MOI wishes to acknowledge the contributions made by the GTZ Office Addis Ababa for financing the study.
The Ministry also wishes to acknowledge the contributions made by SB Consul Consulting Architects and Engineers and Life Consult PLC and the associated professionals involved in its preparation and to thank all those who made comments.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
FOREWORD ………i
PREFACE ……….ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT………iii
SECTION 1: MANUAL FOR BUILDING DESIGN CHECKING
..11.0. BACKGROUND ...2
1.1. Introduction...2
1.2 The Past Experience...3
1.3 Checking and Follow-up Processes ...3
1.3.1. Pre-design ...3 1.3.2. Pre-construction ...4 1.3.3. Construction Phase ...4 1.4 Preliminary Survey ...5 1.4.1 General ...5
1.4.2 Findings of the survey ...8
2.0. OBJECTIVES OF DESIGN CHECKING AND OUTSOURCING OF THE CHECKING ...9
2.1. Objectives of the Design Checking...9
2.2. Objectives of the Outsourcing of the Design Checking ...9
3.0. COMPONENTS OF THE CHECKLIST & DESIGN CHECKING ...10
3.1. Components of a revised checklist ...10
3.2. Components for design checking...10
3.2.1 Components of a complete checking ...10
3.2.2 Details of design checking requirements ...11
3.2.2.1 Architectural...11
3.2.2.2 Structural ...12
3.2.2.3 Sanitary, plumbing and Mechanical Installation...14
3.2.2.4 Electrical Installation ...15
3.2.2.5 Cost control ...15
3.2.2.6 Standard of drawings and documents ...24
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
SECTION 2: PROCEDURES FOR OUTSOURCING
………341.0. SYSTEM FOR SCREENING & REGISTRATION (CERTIFICATION) OF DESIGN CHECKERS ...35
1.1. Rejection of Application ...35
1.2 Suspension of Registration Certificate ...36
1.3. Cancellation or revocation of Certificate ...36
2.0. ROLE OF THE MINISTRY IN OUTSOURCING DESIGN CHECKING ... 37
2.1. Pre-design Stage Checking ...37
2.2. Continuation of small and medium projects checking ...37
2.3. Receiving copies of letters of transmission of design drawings and documents to checkers from Employers ...37
2.4. The Ministry shall classify the Projects………. 38
2.5. Mode of Design Document Submission……….38
2.5.1. Preliminary Designs……… 38
2.5.2. Final Designs………38
2.6. Taking over of the reports, preliminary and final designs and documents from the checkers …..………..39
2.7. Supervision and evaluation of the checkers’ activities.………..39
2.8. Settlement of Disputes ...39
2.8.1. Amicable settlement ...39
2.8.2. Dispute settlement by the Ministry ...39
3.0. THE DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE EMPLOYERS...40
4.0. THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE MINISTRY AND THE DESIGN CHECKER ………...40
5.0. THE DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE CHECKERS………..40
6.0. THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE EMPLOYER, DESIGN CONSULTANT AND DESIGN CHECKER………..42
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
7.0. FEE AND PAYMENT MODALITIES FOR THE DESIGN
CHECKERS……….….42
7.1. Determination of staff month ……….… .42
7.2. Determination of Checking Fee………....42
7.3. Payment Modalities……….….45
7.3.1. Weight of checking activities by design stages ...45
7.3.2. The design checker’s activities by disciplines ...45
SECTION 3: CHECK-LISTS
………46INTRODUCTORY REMARKS ON CHECK-LIST……….47
CHECK-LIST FOR ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN CHECKING………..48
CHECK-LIST FOR STRUCTCTURAL DESIGN CHECKING ………61
CHECK-LIST FOR SANITARY, PLUMBING AND MECHANICAL DESIGN CHECKING ………74
CHECK-LIST FOR ELECTRICAL DESIGN CHECKING ………..85
CHECK-LIST FOR SPECIFICATIONS(BILL DESCRIPTIONS) AND PRICED BILL OF QUANTITIES ………97
CHECK-LIST FOR DRAWING STANDARDS AND REQUIREMENTS OF DETAILS……….112
CHECK-LIST FOR BIDDING AND CONTRACT DOCUMENTS…………...119
ANNEXES ANNEX I : TYPES OF BUILDINGS ………..123
ANNEX II: LETTER OF CONFIRMATION ...129
ANNEX III: DUTIES, RESPONSIBILITIES AND QUALIFICATION REQUIREMENTS OF DESIGN CHECKERS ...131
ANNEX IV: AGREEMENT FOR DESIGN CHECKING SERVICES ...133
SECTION 1
SECTION 1
MANUAL FOR BUILDING DESIGN CHECKING
1.0. BACKGROUND
1.1 Introduction
The checking of designs and documents and project follow-up for government building works has been an ever going process probably started at the establishment of the first Ministry of Public Works, definitely as early as the 1950's. This service is rendered by the Ministry or Agency designated for the service on behalf of Government Agencies. Although the extent of Government Ministries and Agencies required to get their projects checked has been variable, the principle has remained the same under all Governments.
After the creation of the Ministry of Infrastructure (MOI) in 2001, the respective proclamation act orders that design checking of all Federal construction projects be undertaken by the MOI.
The in house capacity of the Design and Construction Supervision Office to implement this task is limited due to increasing number of projects and a smaller number and not motivated qualified personnel and lack of adequate hardware and software.
Design checking therefore, takes from 2 months to one year constraining construction programs and leading to a high number of complaints in regard to the performance of the Ministry.
Roughly 40 projects amounting between Birr 1 million and Birr 100 million are to be checked per annum.
The checking refers to the following areas on the basis of an agreed upon Checklist: • Architectural Design;
• Structural Design;
• Electrical Design + Elector-Mechanical Design; • Sanitary, plumbing and Mechanical Design; and • Bill of Quantities and cost control.
In order to speed up the checking process, and improve the quality of design, it is proposed to outsource the checking to the Private Sector supervised by the Design and Construction Supervision Office of the Ministry.
Too many projects are flourishing from the private sector and this Design Checking Manual can as well be used for the privately owned projects.
1.2 The Past Experience
The design and documentation checking and project follow up were being conducted because of the desire of the government to have cost effective, functional and safe structures. Although the cause is noble, it also had its drawbacks as it was extremely time consuming, not cost effective and one of the major reasons for unbearable delays in project execution. This after effect, is not an attribute of the requirement itself, but a result of the bureaucratic process set up, lack of adequate number and experience of checkers, the absence of clearly defined terms of reference for the checkers on what should be reviewed and incomplete and non-exhaustive existing checklists. Design checking is therefore, taken as an evil rather than a noble process. This trend needs to be reversed and render design checking and project follow-up an effective and dynamic process that would be undertaken by partnership of the parties involved in the project. To meet this end, this revised design checking and project follow-up guideline (manual) is prepared.
1.3. Checking & Follow-Up Processes
In line with the Constitution of the Federal Government of Ethiopia, the Federal Government is responsible for the checking and follow-up of projects that are financed by itself including loans and grants to the Federal Government. Parallel with this, the jurisdiction of project checking and monitoring of non-federal government projects falls within the power of the respective Regions for projects financed by them. In general, project checking and monitoring is a three stage process. These stages are:
1.3.1. Pre-design
In this stage of service, the checking institution reviews the programme requirements of the Implementing Agency and compares the same to the available budget or the magnitude of fund that the Agency can avail for the works. The Institution’s entitlement to the plot on which it intends to build is also checked. If the above conditions are satisfied, i.e. programme, fund and plot usage, the project is approved and the design consultant will be selected by using the appropriate method.
1.3.2. Pre-construction
This is a stage of service, that covers all checking before the construction contract is awarded to a selected contractor. It is to be noted that, the design and document service in this phase is executed by a private consultant, government design agency and the Ministry itself or other delegated government institutions who have the in-house capacity to do so. It should also be further highlighted that, only designs and documents prepared by private consultant go thorough the process of review by the checking institution.
The checking activities involved are:
a. Design checking (concept, preliminary, final) of all disciplines in two or three stages as applicable. This checking is on drawings, reports and calculations as applicable.
b. Bill of Quantities (for unit rate contracts) and Engineers Estimate checking (the Engineers estimate checking has been replaced by the designer and checker preparing their independent and confidential estimates recently).
c. Review of the Tender Document before tender.
d. Review and checking of the Tender Documents after tender and approval of Tender analysis and award to selected prospective contractor once the evaluation is completed by the consultant. This last section applies to all private and government design agencies and delegated institutions.
1.3.3. Construction Phase
a. Monitors progress, standard of materials and workmanship through periodic or random inspections or receipt of progress reports;
b. Verification of measurement and payment certificates due to contractors and consultants;
c. Checking and approval of change orders when the rates are new or the total exceeds set limits;
d. Participation in inspection of works at provisional and final acceptances; e. Review and approval of final accounts; and
f. Settlement of disputes between Contractors and Clients on contractual matters. Some of the above have been delegated to Consultants in the last few years.
1.4. Preliminary Survey
1.4.1. General:
Design checking and implementation monitoring is in some form or other carried out in most countries, although its scope is variable. Design checking and monitoring infact, is not limited only to government/public buildings, but includes also the private particularly, when it comes to safety and requirements of urban planning. As the rigorous checking of government projects would undoubtedly contribute to creating a safe, efficient and cost effective environment, methods must be devised to make it efficient and quality based. This can be basically achieved by the following broad methods:
• The improvement of the standards of documents produced by designers and Project Management capacity building to minimize the requirement of review; • To draw out a revised checking manual, that is specific in requirement and leaves
little room for subjective evaluation; and
• To use experienced personnel with broad outlook and value judgment, both in government services and the private sectors.
In the interest of getting feedback on past experience and proposals for the future, a questionnaire has been prepared to be answered by the stakeholders in the Sector. These are mainly selected Clients, Contractors, Consultants, Design Checkers and Individual practicing professionals.
Ministry of Educations, Ministry of Health, Ministry of Defense and Ministry of Infrastructure are the four ministries selected to respond to the questionnaire They are selected for they are closely related to the design and checking activities.
Three Contractors have been selected and the questionnaire has been sent to them. Since Contractors are not mainly affiliated with the design checking, the number was kept small intentionally.
Thirteen consultants have been contacted to respond to the questionnaire. The Civil Engineers Association was considered as the fourteenth one. Since Consultants are the main stakeholders of the project their numbers are raised relatively high.
Six senior individual practicing professionals who are designers and design checkers have been selected to respond to the questionnaire.
The above mentioned stakeholders have been selected by considering their acquaintance with the current design and document checking processes.
The feedback obtained from the questionnaire together with other inputs are used to elaborate the manual for building design checking, procedure for outsourcing and checklist.
Regarding the results of the responses of the questionnaire, only the pertinent sections related to the checking processes are taken and summarized in the following table. It could be concluded from the extracted points that “Design Checking by Outsourcing” is a timely and noble exercise.
TABLE 1: Table showing results of the responses for the questionnaire from Consultants, Individual Professionals and Government Ministries
No Pertinent section of the questionnaire
Responses of consultants (in %) Responses of Individuals (in %) Responses of Government Ministries (in %) Average (in %)
1 Are you familiar with the current design and document checking process? Yes No 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 2 Do you think the current level & form of design & document
checking should continue as it is now? Yes No 0 86 0 83 0 100 0 89.7 3 What are the improvements, that you think should be made to
make design and document checking efficient and user friendly?
a. Over whole the system of design & document checking b. Modify the checklist only
c. Use experienced government employees sector d. Outsource checking to the private sector e. Use both ( c ) and (d)
f. None of the above
57 0 7 21.5 57 0 66.7 0 17 33.3 17 0 25 0 0 25 50 0 51.7 0 8 26.6 41.3 0 4 Do you think all projects and consultants receive equal & fair
treatment by the checking institution? Yes No 14 78.5 100 0 25 75 46.3 51 5 Do you think consultants produce the right kind and standard
of design & other documents in compliance with accepted standards, at stage of checking?
Yes No 21.4 64.3 0 83.3 0 100 7.1 82.5 6 Do you believe that, the private sector has better
potentials(both in experience, skill and resource)to check projects compared to the government institution?
Yes No 78.5 14.3 83.3 0 75 0 78.9 4.8
TABLE 1: Table showing results of the responses for the questionnaire from Consultants, Individual Professionals and Government Ministries (continued)
No Pertinent section of the questionnaire
Responses of consultants (in %) Responses of Individuals (in %) Responses of Government Ministries (in %) Average (in %)
7 If both the government & the private sector were to be considered as partners in project checking, what roles should each play?
The common suggestions made were the following: - The Government should concentrate on controlling the
policies adopted, setting directives and control mechanisms; - The private sectors based on the government’s policies will
carry out detail project works including checking.
- The role of the government and the private sector in project checking should be seen in the modern thinking dimension of public private partnership.
8 Do you think the current checking system fairly concentrates on safety, function and cost effectiveness(within budget limit) or is a reflection of the desire of the individual checkers?
The common remarks made were:
- The current checking system does concentrate on safety, function and cost effectiveness;
- The roll of the individual checker in reflecting his or her own desire is not to be totally ignored;
- The implementation of the checking system has no control mechanism to avoid the inefficiencies that are to be created by the individual checkers.
9 Do you think there is substantial variation between the methods used by individuals in design checking that would categorize the service as subjective?
Yes No 50 28.5 33.3 66.7 25 75 37 56.7 10 How far do you think should the design checker (institution) be
involved in a project? a. Design checking only b. Design & cost checking
c. Construction Management to final acceptance d. All of the above
e. None of the above f. Others 21.4 42.8 14.3 28.6 0 0 16.7 50 0 33.3 0 0 25 0 25 75 0 0 21 30.9 13.1 45.6 0 0 11 If design and document checking is to be outsourced, who do
you think should check design & documents? a. Experienced and qualified individuals b. Selected qualified consultants c. Professional Associations d. Universities(relevant Department) e. Others 50 71.4 14.3 14.3 0 100 83.3 16.7 16.6 0 75 25 25 0 0 75 59.9 18.7 10.3 0 12 Who do you think should set the criteria and select design
checkers, if the jobs are to be outsourced? a. Ministry of Infrastructure
b. Professional Associations c. Consultants Associations d. None of the above e. Others 71.4 21.4 35.7 0 0 50 50 33.3 0 0 75 25 0 0 0 65.5 32.1 23 0 0
1.4.2. Findings of the Survey:
From the above table, the following pertinent points are concluded:
1. All the represented consultants, individual professionals and Government Ministries are familiar with the current design and document checking process; 2. Most of them(almost all of them) agreed that the current level & form of design &
document checking should not continue as it is now;
3. Most of them agreed that over whole the system of design & document checking need improvements to make design and document checking efficient and user friendly. For the improvement, they have recommended the use of experienced government employees and outsourcing checking to the private sector;
4. The majority of them expressed that all projects and consultants do not receive equal & fair treatment by the checking institution;
5. Most of them believed that consultants do not produce the right kind and standard of design & other documents in compliance with accepted standards, at stage of checking;
6. Most of them believed that the private sector has better potentials(both in experience, skill and resource) to check projects compared to the government institution;
7. The majority of them believed that there is no substantial variation between the methods used by individuals in design checking that would categorize the service as subjective;
8. Most of the consultants and individual professionals suggested that the design checker (institution) be involved in Design & cost checking while Government Ministries recommended that the checking should include also Construction Management to final acceptance of a project;
9. Most of the individual professionals & Government Ministries believed that, if design and document checking is to be outsourced, experienced and qualified individuals should check designs & documents while consultants recommended that selected qualified consultants should do the checking;
10. Most of them recommended that the Ministry of Infrastructure should set the criteria and select design checkers, if the jobs are to be outsourced; and
11. Most of them agreed that the Government as regulatory body, should concentrate on controlling the policies adopted, setting directives and control mechanisms. The private sectors based on the government’s policies should carry out detail project works including checking. The role of the government and the private
sector in project checking should be seen in the modern thinking dimension of public private partnership.
2.0. OBJECTIVES OF DESIGN CHECKING AND OUTSOURCING OF
THE CHECKING
The objectives of introducing a modern system of design checking by using resources available outside of the civil service (by outsourcing), are presented below.
2.1. Objectives of the design checking:
The overall objectives of the design checking are to:
a. meet the requirements of public safety against structural damage, fire and other hazards when buildings are constructed;
b. have optimum design solution in consideration of safety and cost in the building structures;
c. ensure functionality, client's prospect in general and particularly the target, reasonably comfortable occupancy both for space volume and climate and to have good composition in integrating different volumes when buildings are designed; d. be provided Sanitary, Mechanical, Electrical, etc components in adequate size,
number etc and to the required standards;
e. guarantee that materials for all works meet the intended purpose and are also within reasonable budget limits of the total works; and
f. make the documents that are produced following the design and required for pricing shall be of acceptable standards based on agreed upon specifications, methods of measurements and schedules.
2.2. Objectives of the Outsourcing of the Design Checking
The over all objective of the outsourcing of the design checking to resources available outside of the civil service is to:
a. establish a cost-efficient system for design checking; b. guarantee high quality and speedy processing; c. reduce the bureaucracy to the minimum possible; and
d. capture the specialized professionals in the private sector.
The guiding principle is "to ensure public safety of structures, and economical, feasible and quality designs, thereby, regulating as little as possible and as much as necessary". This shall be achieved without compromising safety.
Transparent, speedy and high quality design checking will promote investment and economic development through private public partnership and a stronger involvement of the private sector in tasks that can be delegated to the private sector under the overall supervision of the Ministry.
3.0. COMPONENTS OF THE CHECKLIST AND DESIGN CHECHING
3.1. Components of the revised checklist:
The revised checklists are prepared for the following: a. Architectural Design;
b. Structural Design;
c. Sanitary, Plumbing and Mechanical Design; d. Electrical Design;
e. Bill of Quantities and Cost Control;
f. Drawing Standards and requirements of details; and
g. Bidding and Contract Documents.
The revised checklist is presented in section 3 of this document.
3.2. Components for design checking
The components of a complete checking and the outline of the details to be checked are shown under the following two subsections:
3.2.1. Components of a complete checking:
The components of the compete building design checking shall include the following:
a. Architectural design including programme, proposed site layout and routing of main services;
b. Structural design;
c. Sanitary, plumbing and mechanical design; d. Electrical design;
e. Cost control documents;
f. Drawing standards and requirements of details; and g. Bidding and contract documents.
3.2.2. Details of design checking requirements 3.2.2.1.Architectural
This component of the checking shall have four stages. The stages are concept or scheme design, preliminary design, draft final design and final design. The draft final and final design stages can be reduced to one provided there are no comments at the draft final design submission stage.
a. Concept or scheme design only for projects that have large scale area developments like real estates, industrial development, housing etc. The concept to be checked at this stage is the general layout, internal
communications, provision of services, ingress, egress, plot sizes, building sizes, etc.
b. Preliminary design
This covers all projects except very small jobs where the process can skip the preliminary and proceed to final draft preparation.
The checking at this stage shall concentrate on:-
• Site layout including detailing of access, parking, main service lines, location of utilities, entrances, exits, and solutions for levels of buildings and site works. The provision of fencing shall also be considered at this stage.
• The layout shall also be checked for conformity with planning and municipal regulations and requirements. To this end, building permit from the municipality is required.
• The function and inter-relationship of different functions within a building complex and the site as a whole. This shall take into account flow, occupancy and optimization of space utilization.
• The composition of the different components of the complex and provision of safety and hazard prevention requirements in accordance with set or accepted and practiced standards.
• The selection of materials of construction and finish in consideration of the function of the building and available estimated budget.
• Comparison of the cost of the project against available budget. c. Draft final designs
The completeness of all design documents, which shall have: • Plans, elevations, sections
• Details in accordance with schedules to be worked out and agreed upon.
• Schedules and specification of finish and specialist materials to be used in the works.
• Deviations for preliminary design and reasons for deviation.
• Co-ordination of drawing for sizes of structural elements, passages and locations of services and other elements to ensure that, overlap has no constraints.
d. Final design
Verification that all draft final design comments have been attended to. 3.2.2.2. Structural
This component of the checking shall have three stages. The stages are preliminary design, draft final design and final design. The draft final and final design stages can be reduce to one provided there are no comments at the draft final design submission stage.
a. Preliminary system layout
This shall be practiced for all projects except for maximum double story buildings and all buildings whose added up floor area is under 1000m2. The checking at this stage shall concentrate on:
• General structural system layout, i.e provision of posts, beam, structural walls, etc.;
• Proposed methods of construction and material (Cast in situ, precast etc);
• Indication of estimated total load on slab, beams, columns, walls, etc.;
• Soil test programmes and justification for the proposed programme; • Special precaution required to meet safety standards, if any;
• The proposed software to be used for the design works, if any; and • Overall optimization of design to meet safety and architectural
requirements and cost effectiveness.
b. Draft final design
• Check consistency with preliminary proposal or justification for change if any;
• Check foundation investigation data, results, interpretation and recommendation;
• Check accuracy of proposed method of analysis;
• Check correctness of data input for design, used software, output and interpretation;
• Use rule of thumb or experience to verify that outputs and interpretation are within reasonable range of values and optimum; • Check the correctness of the foundation type recommendation and
design; and
• Check detailing of structure members, connections, reinforcement, etc.
c. Final design
Verification that all draft final design comments have been attended to. 3.2.2.3. Sanitary, Plumbing and Mechanical Installation
This component shall have two stages for complex projects and one stage only for small projects and single unit buildings. The stages are:
a. Preliminary proposal (for complex projects only)
This shall apply for high rise buildings and area development projects. For the definition of complex project, annex I can be referred. The checking at this stage shall be:
• Proposal of site drainage system including recommendation of waste treatment method;
• Estimated capacity of treatment facility justified by approximate calculations;
• Proposed sources of water supply;
• Recommend water storage type and capacity;
• Recommend water supply and drainage pipe types; and
• Need and type of air conditioning/ventilation, etc, by identifying area of requirement.
b. Draft final design
• Detail calculations and drawings to verify the preliminary of materials proposal shall be highlighted together with the justification for it; and
• Schedule and fixtures to establish the required standard shall be prepared.
c. Final design
3.2.2.4. Electrical Installation
This component shall have one or two stages depending on the complexity of the project. The checking at this stage shall concentrate on:
a. Preliminary proposal (for complex projects only)
This shall apply for high rise buildings and area development projects. For the definition of complex project, annex I can be referred. The checking at this stage shall be:
• Estimated total load required, source and ingress;
• Requirement for stand-by power (load and generator capacity). The area of requirement shall also be identified;
• Proposed external illumination system and type of fixtures;
• Levels of internal and external illumination and proposed fitting type; and
• Approximate calculation to justify illumination level and total load.
b. Draft final
• Detail calculations and drawings to verify the preliminary proposal shall be approved;
• Any changes on the above shall be highlighted together with the justification for it; and
• Schedule of materials and fixtures to establish the required standard shall be prepared.
c. Final design
Verification that all draft final design comments have been attended to. 3.2.2.5. Cost control
3.2.2.5.1. General
The success of a project design and implementation is not dependent only on the quality and accuracy of the Design and Construction standards, but is on its cost effectiveness and execution within the limit of a set budget.
To achieve this target, it is important to be aware of the budget constraint and extent of flexibility and control within the set limits. The control should be made from the inception through its implementation. This requirement calls for devising means of cost control of Projects through the multistage of design and execution of works.
3.2.2.5.2. Cost checking phases and Type of contract
In as much as designs are checked starting at Concept or Preliminary to Final designs, costing need to track these stages and be updated and refined in line with the design stages. The control of costs shall therefore, follow the design checking phases. Cost control during construction is to be done by a project management team. It is therefore, not dealt within this manual.
Various formats of Construction contracts are in practice globally. The most widely used format is the Classical (Unit price and measured works) contract, which is true as the practice for almost all Public works in Ethiopia as well. . The cost control proposal in the following sections shall, therefore deal only with this form of Contract. Deviation from this needs to be addressed under the individual contract to be entered.
3.2.2.5.3. Stages of cost control
The cost control of projects is to be done at the following work phases. These phases are after a project has been determined feasible and approved for design and documentation:
a. At completion of concept design, if the complexity o the project calls for concept design. This is an approximate indicative cost with the margin of error not exceeding a variation of 20%.
b. At preliminary design (Whether costing at concept design is made or not). The level of accuracy of this is expected to be within a margin of 15%.
c. At Final design (Variation expected to be within the limits of physical and price contingencies).
d. At Tender phase. This is the offer made by contractors tendering for the work. The tender price variation is expected to be within 10% of the estimate if the estimate is well prepared and the bid submissions are sound.
It is to be noted that this manual deals only with project checking during design and tender phase. The cost control and checking methodology in here shall, therefore, be limited to this phase only. Cost control during implementation of projects is not dealt within here.
3.2.2.5.4. Required data and documents
In addition to the professional skill and experience of the analyst and controller, calculation of a near accurate cost depends on the following major factors:
• The clarity, quality, detailing and completeness of drawings and specifications. The extent to which these are elaborated will determine the accuracy of Quantities and cost estimate;
• Design report elaborating environment, used materials, utilities, occupancy and expected standards of works and finishing;
• Production norms for labour and equipment and efficiency rating for various geographic zones; and
• The availability of price indices for construction materials and labour. This indices need to be updated annually and should cover the following at the minimum:
a. Indicative costs of buildings by function and standards of finishing materials. This needs to be subdivided into Single story, medium height and multi-story buildings for the major occupancy types; b. The cost of construction materials used in all works. Such costs
should cover all taxes and levies both for local produce and import; c. Indicative annual inflation and expected material, labour and
construction cost increases;
d. Variations in costs within the various geographical locations of the country;
e. All taxes and levies to be imposed on construction works; and f. Ranges of reasonable overhead and profit margins to be allowed
• The approximate implementation schedule of the project and expected cash flow from start to completion of works
The incompleteness of the above data would make cost estimating and control in-accurate and subjective. Formulating a project and setting up a project team to study the above to be followed by an office to continuously update the information is necessary. If this is achieved, Costing would have uniform basis which would make it easier for outsourcing. The end result would b very close irrespective of who does it or checks it as there is a common denominator.
3.2.2.5.5. Types of Cost Estimates
The method of cost estimating will depend on the stage of design and intended purpose of the estimate. The following is an indication of the expected types of cost estimates for the various phases of the design: (i). Indicative Costs
This is an estimate to be prepared and submitted together with the concept design. Its purpose is to establish indicative costs both for the purpose of budget updating and determine the Employer’s capacity to build. This estimate shall be based on the estimated area of the building and proportional or estimated external works. Data obtained from previous similar works and price indices shall be used to estimate the cost at prevailing rates. This estimate shall be indexed for duration which shall cover the design, tender and construction phases. The estimate shall include payables for utilities.
The cost controller shall check if the estimate is made using the above guide line and correct data.
The estimator shall present the following together with his estimate. a) The approved concept design; and
b) A cost report which would include: • the assumptions made for duration • the reference of indices used for costing
• Source of previous costs if used to determine the estimate • the basis for either estimating or proportioning utilities. The estimator and controller need to agree on the cost being reasonable before the project moves to the next stage of design.
(ii). Provisional Cost Estimate a) Breakdown
This is an estimate to be prepared at completion of preliminary design. The estimate is expected to be more accurate and reliable compared to the indicative cost at concept design phase. This estimate shall include: • the Cost of the building itemized into structural, architectural,
electrical and plumbing and mechanical components. Special consideration shall be given for unique structures, specialized finishes, Ventilation and air-conditioning, security and communication installations, other mechanical and specialized installations and luminaries;
• the cost of external works including paved and green area development, provision of utilities and connection fees;
• projected increase of costs i.e. physical and price contingencies during the life of the project;
• other incidental costs that may be attributable to the design or construction period of the project; and
• projected cash flow to support the estimate of physical and price contingencies allowed for the project.
The estimator shall use data from previous completed works or the data mentioned in section 6.3.2.5.4 of this document to make the estimate. Adjustments shall be made for variations in conditions that are not covered by the above basis.
b. Methods of Estimating
The estimator shall use one of the following alternative methods as applicable to the project:
b1. The area or volume method:
• calculate the Area or Volume of the building and classify into standards of finish if different for each floor or part of a complex. Buildings with special structures shall also be calculated separately;
• determine special considerations like security, sound system, public address system, vertical and horizontal travels within building, etc.;
• estimate the expected foundation type from preliminary site and soil investigation. This need not be done if the structure is simple and conventional;
• calculate the approximate area of external paving and green area development;
• calculate the length of fencing, retaining walls, etc as applicable to the site;
• calculate the approximate power load and determine whether transformer and stand-by generator are required and identify the possible tapping point of power;
• determine whether waste water is to be treated using treatment plant, septic tank or municipal connection; and
• determine the source of potable water and the distance to the connection.
The following cost shall be calculated using the above data:
• Apply unit rates to the different areas or volumes to arrive at the basic cost and add the following variables:
o the cost of specialized installations like elevators, escalators, moving ramps, vacuum system, sound system, security, etc.; o the cost of paving based on unit rates for the type of paving to
be used and including curbs;
o the cost of fencing calculated on area or length basis and type of fence;
o the additional cost of foundation if different from conventional cost included in basic rates;
o the additional cost of electrical installations, generator
provision, ventilation and air conditioning if not included in basic rates;
o the additional cost of water storage, hot water service,
o the cost that the Employer would pay to the service providers for connections of all services that are not to be covered under the contractor’s contract, i.e. power connection, transformer, potable water, waste water, etc.
b2. The Approximate Quantity Method:
This is an alternative system where the Area or volume of the building is replaced by approximate Quantities of major works. This is preferred for complex projects as the design to be submitted at preliminary phase will have to incorporate the proposed structural and all installations to be incorporated in the works. This includes all external installations as well.
The estimate obtained for the major items of work shall be supplemented by the addition to this cost, the area base cost of minor items which may be extracted from previous jobs depending on area or volume of buildings. Strong data base of previously completed projects broken down into work sections is required to use this format. b3.Contingencies
The contingencies which shall cover the physical and price components shall be calculated based on known annual cost change data for the price contingency and uncertainty of level of design and provisional cost estimating.
The breakdown of price contingencies shall be supported by an implementation schedule and estimated cash low of the project from preliminary design to completion of construction.
c. Submittal Requirement
The estimator shall submit the following together with the cost estimate:
• the approved design document and report as required under the preliminary design submission;
• the Design report shall, in the costing section include the following at the minimum:
o the data source and reference or copy of data to support the estimate;
o the calculations of areas, volumes, quantities for the works and the applied rates and results; and
o the basis and justifications for calculating contingencies.
The estimator and controller need to agree on the cost being reasonable before the project moves to the next stage of design. (iii). Final Cost Estimate
a) Estimate Preparation
This is the detailed estimate to be prepared on the basis of the final and approved design document and specifications of works. The document is expected to be as accurate as possible as this is the true value of the works subject to variation as a result of bidding or negotiation with the prospective contractor. The approach is:
• the estimate is to be prepared from accurate quantities of works drawn out from information obtained in the drawings and specifications; an accepted and approved measurement method shall be use to prepare the theoretical quantities;
• unit rates of works at prevailing market rates shall be applied to the quantities to arrive at the rates;
• where the designer has not opted for a firm specification of works, or selection at a later date would make the choice more competitive and yield better results, then, such item may be indicated as Provisional Sum items, the estimated cost of which shall be set as a lump sum obtained from sources as reliable as possible. The cost payable to the contractor for such works shall, in any case, be estimated based on the quantification of the items as set in the methods of measurement. Provisional costs shall, whenever possible be supported by indicative quotations from suppliers or price lists from manufacturers.
• price and physical contingencies will be prepared as percentages of the basic cost but shall be supported by implementation schedule and cash flow to justify the values; and
• the cost payable to service providers for utilities shall be shown as separate estimates including their price and physical contingencies. These shall, wherever possible, be supported by actual quotations.
b) Submittal Requirement
The estimator shall submit the following together with the final cost estimate:
• the approved design document and report as required under final design submission;
• he specifications and method of measurements or reference to the used standard method , if approved standards are used; • the source of applied unit rates or breakdown used to arrives at
unit rates;
• quotations or price list for provisional sums and utilities to be provided by others;
• take off sheets (manual or printout) if applicable; and
• master implementation schedule and cash flow and calculation of contingencies. No calculations or cost variation contingencies are required for projects with combined tender and implementation phases not exceeding 24 months.
It is to be noted that the designer will not be required to submit take-off sheets if computer aided design is used and Quantities can be calculated direct on the software without manual operation.
The estimator and controller need to agree on the cost being reasonable before the project moves to the Tender stage.
(iv). Tender Prices
Tender evaluation and review shall be done in strict conformity with the evaluation methods and criteria set out in the tender document.
3.2.2.5.6. Duties and responsibilities of the Estimator and Checker
a. The estimator is responsible for submitting all the documents and references (where these references are in common use );
b. The controller (checker) shall review all documents for compliance with the above submission requirements;
c. If satisfied, the details of quantities and costing shall be checked; d. Quantities and costing shall be checked in full or at random depending
on the agreement for review;
e. The estimator shall check the document in accordance with the above sections only. Discretion shall be used only if the provisions of this manual do not apply to a particular item or section of the project; and f. If agreement can not be reached between the estimator and controller
on the estimated cost of works or a part thereof, the final decision shall be in accordance with the Guideline to be issued by the Ministry to resolve differences.
3.2.2.6. Standard of drawings and documents
3.2.2.6.1. Introduction
The current practice is to submit drawings and other accompanying document in any format suitable for the office that makes the submission.The standardization of presentation and paper formats make project checking relatively easier if a common system is used by the designers and reviewers. ISO standards have been issued for the preparation of Technical drawings and documents. These standards cover extensive area in technical drawing and document preparation for all disciplines. The brief extract hereunder deals with highlight points that need to have standard formats for ease of checking. The items covered are elaborated in the following sub-sections
3.2.2.6.2. Paper sizes and Utilization
a. Paper size
The paper sizes to be used for drawings and document printing and reproduction are the ISO metric ranges, ie A-0, A-1, A-2, A-3 and A-4. Oversized sheets may be used when it is desirable to provide binding or trimming margins. The following are the dimensions of oversize sheets.
Designation Dimensions
RA-0 860 X 1220 mm
RA-1 610 X 860 mm
RA-2 430 X 610 mm
b. Utilization
Drawings shall normally be produced on A-0, A-1, A-2 and A-3 sizes. Special details of any project and drawings for small projects that can be bound into booklets may be produced in A-4 format. This size may be useful for engineering drawings in particular, where standard details and codes may be bound in one volume as references instead of
repeated drawing. Where only limited drawings in a project extend beyond, one or two selected standard sizes, the paper size may be extended by modules of 190 mm along the length of the drawings. All documents other than drawings shall be produced in A-4 portrait or landscape format. Where it is difficult to contain the texts in A-4 format without compromising font, A-3 size shall be used.
c. Framing
Drawings shall generally have edge frames. There will be the inner and outer frames located as follows. The measurement is from the edge of the sheet.
Sheet by type Measurement in millimetres
Left Right Top Bottom
Regular 20 10 5 5
Oversize 20 10 75 75 The inner frame shall be off-set 50 mm for the outer frame. Framing for A-3 and A-4 is optional except the left edge outer line when the papers are used for drawings.
Drawing sheets may be divided up into grids, which grids shall be in letters and numbers placed within the inner and outer frames.
Sizes bigger the A-4 shall have folding margins indicated in heavy line within the inner and outer frames. The line shall not be less than the 0.5 mm thick.
3.2.2.6.3. Title Blocks
Title Blocks shall be placed at the bottom right corner of the paper frame so that the information is visible when any drawing is folded and bound into A-4 size.
The title block shall contain the following minimum information:
• the name, logo, and full address including telephone, fax, e-mail etc of the design firm
• the reference of the project • the title of the drawing
• the drawing reference number
• the initials and registration numbers of the designer, developer and drawer
• the true scale and the plot scale • the date of the drawings
• Revision column with date, revision number and description. Revision shall be entered from bottom in an upward direction
• Column for entering comments, notes, references, etc. • other information as required under each project • colour and pen assignments
• Notes on unit of measurement
A drawing sheet with a sample title block is enclosed in the following page.
3.2.2.6.4. Drawing pen assignments
a. Pen selection
It is recommended that pen assignments follow the ISO Standard for simplicity of manual editing of drawings after reduced or enlarged sizes are printed. The formula that ISO uses to determine line thickness is the function of √2. The proposed sizes are 0.1, 0.13. 0.18, 0.25, 0.35, 0.50, 0.70 and 1.0.
As an example a line drawn using 0.50 mm on A-1 will be reduced to 0.35 in A-2 and 0.25 in A-3 sizes.
b. Notes on drawing
The colour selection and the pen assignments shall be entered in the note section of the title block. This needs to be in place to make reference easier if electronic version is used to review the drawings
3.2.2.6.5. Dimensioning
The system of measurement shall be in metric. The following conventions shall be used:
• Linear, radial and circumferential dimensions shall be in millimetres • Elevations shall be in meters with plus or minus sign in front to indicate
position in relation to reference. Elevations shall be placed to two decimals accuracy. The elevation reading shall be preceded by a “0” if less than one.
• Angular dimensions shall be in decimal degrees with accuracy of not less than two decimal points.
• Dimensions shall, to the extent possible be written aligned with the dimension line and readable from the bottom-up or left to right. • Dimensions that are not to scale shall be underlined.
• If a dimension line can not be completely drawn to its normal termination point, the free end shall be terminated with double arrow heads.
• The units of measurement used in the works like “All dimensions are in mm, angles are in decimal degrees, elevation are in meters, etc.” shall be entered in the notes section of the title block.
3.2.2.6.6. Binding and Presentation
a. Binding
The following binding format shall be followed for submission of drawings and other documents for checking:
a1. Drawings for each discipline shall be bound in separate volumes. Each
copy shall be bound separate as well.
a2. The following binding standards shall be used:
• All drawings with sizes of A-2 and above shall be folded into A-4 size and placed in a box (ring) file. The binding edges of the drawing shall be protected with a hard (plastic) protection at the punch zone. • A-3 size drawings may either be handled as above or bound using
comb binder.
• All A-4 size documents including drawings shall be bound using comb binder. The documents shall be protected with hard or plastic cover.
• Design reports and calculations shall be bound together but separate for each discipline.
• Specifications, tender documents, pricing documents, etc shall each be bound separate.
b. Information
b1. Covers to documents shall have the following information at the
minimum:
• The reference of the project • The name of the employer
• The reference of documents contained in the volume • The volume number if more than one
• The full address of the designers • The date of preparation
• Intended purpose of submission b2. Table of contents
• Each document other than drawings shall have a table of contents behind the cover. Each table of contents shall have the sub-headings and page number
• The table of contents for drawings shall be the first page of the bound document and contain the following at the minimum:
o Reference to discipline o Title of Drawing (discipline) o Used scales
o Date of production and last revision number and date c. Submittals and distribution
The following submittals are to be made. Submittals shall always refer to the number of copies required for approval. Revised pages of submittals shall be considered as replacements and not additional submittals. The checker, employer and the Ministry shall each keep only checked and approved copies.
The minimum required submittals are the following: • Preliminary designs and documents – 4 copies • Draft final design and documents – 2 copies • Final design and documents – 4 copies
• The approved copies shall be distributed as follows o One copy each to the Ministry and employer o One copy to the designer
o One copy to be retained by the checker
All copies other than the above including copies submitted for municipal approval, shall be reimbursed at cost.
3.2.2.7. Bidding and Contract Documents a. Bid Documents:
The set of bidding documents for the purpose of bidding shall be in accordance with the guidelines issued from time to time by the Ministry and shall include the following:
• Invitation to Bid;.
- It provides information and instructions for bidders to prepare responsive bids in accordance with the requirements of the Employer.
• Particular Project Instructions & Information of the Standard
Instructions and Information to Bidders;
The Particular Instructions and Information to Bidders are to be read in conjunction with the Standard Instructions and Information to Bidders and shall form an integral part of the Standard Instructions and Information to Bidders.
The Clause numbers in the Particular Project Instructions and Information shall remain the same as the Clause numbers in the Standard Instructions and Information to Bidders excepting additional Clauses to these Particular Project Instructions and Information which may be entered as additional Instructions or Information for the Particular Project.
In the events of any discrepancies between the Particular Instructions and Information to Bidders and the Standard Instructions and Information to Bidders, the Particular Instructions & Information to Bidders shall prevail. • General Conditions of Contract (conditions of contract, Part I);
a. Provides matters governing performance of the contract or matters affecting risks, rights, and obligations of the contracting parties. b. The latest version of the General Conditions of Contract published
by the MOI shall be used.
• Special conditions of contract (conditions of contract, Part II);
The Special Conditions of Contract are to be read in conjunction with the General Conditions of Contract and shall form an integral part of the General Conditions of Contract.
The Clause numbers in the Special Conditions of Contract shall remain the same as the Clause numbers in the General Conditions of Contract excepting additional Clauses to these Special Conditions of Contract which may be entered as additional Conditions for the Particular Project. In the events of any discrepancies between the Special Conditions of Contract and the General Conditions of Contract, the Special Conditions of Contract shall prevail.
• Technical specifications and Methods of Measurement; a. This is the Engineering requirements in executing works.
b. The latest version of the Technical specifications and Methods of Measurement published by the MOI shall be used.
• Formats
− Form of Bid and appendix thereto; − Form of Bid Security;
− Form of Bank Guarantee for Mobilization Advance Payment; − Form of Contract Agreement and appendix thereto;
− Formats for Day work Schedule (for labour, equipment and Basic material);
− Formats for Schedules (work, labour, equipment, material cash flow); • Preambles, Specifications(Bill descriptions) and Bill of Quantities ;
Specification
o Scope of the works:
Detailed description of the nature and quality of the materials. Workmanship to be complied within the execution of the works. General information on the project.
- the facilities to be provided at site for the engineer and other contractors,
- information as to the availability or otherwise of electricity, water and other services required for the execution of the works,
- the means of access to the site,
- any other special responsibilities the Contractor has to bear which are not specially included in the conditions of contract,
- the specification should be read in conjunction with the drawings and the bill of quantities. The contractor should have all the information that he needs for the execution of the work,
- it should not include matter that should rightly by stipulated in the instruction to Tenders, Conditions of Contract, method of Measurement or the preamble to the Bill of Quantities.
o The principal sources of information which are commonly used for drafting a specification are:
- previous specifications (adopted for past jobs of a similar type),
- site investigation and surveys; soil conditions, site clearance, restrictions on site, water levels, etc.
- employer's requirements,
- standard specification (applicable presently), - trade catalogues,
- where articles of proprietary manufacture are envisaged to be used on the works, the name of the particular manufacturer is specified.
- it is often necessary to quote the manufacturer's catalogue reference number when an article is produced to many different patterns so that the contractor will be in a position to propose a similar article to that named in the specification and incorporate such article in the works, provided the engineer approves the change.
Schedule of Basic Prices (can be included in the Bill of Quantities)
o This is normally included between the preamble and the bill in a contract document prepared for works of a civil engineering nature, although it is an optional requirement.
o It contains spaces for the tender to fill in the basic rates for the labour, materials and plant used in the preparation of his tender.
o The schedule basically requires the make-up figures of the ingredients that form the bulk of the rates quoted by the tenderer to be stated with ender. o Basic rates are accordingly asked for in respect of labour, plant and materials
such as aggregates, cement, reinforcement, timber, pipes, bricks, etc. as appropriate to the particular works for which the contract is framed.
1. As a basis for the fixing of new schedule rates effected in the process of rate fixing;
2. It may be used for the contract price variation covering increases or decreases as the case may be in statutory or unavoidable changes in prices during the period of contract, (this only applies where a fixed price contract is not the case); and
3. Where no bill of quantities is used, the schedule of rates and prices may be a list of different items to be performed for excavation, concrete and so on.
• Day Work Schedule (can be included in the Bill of Quantities) • Drawings.
Contract Drawings are:
- the drawings on which the works are to be carried out and on which the contract price is based; and
- those referred to in the specifications and any modifications of such drawings approved in writing by the engineer and such other drawings as may from time to time be furnished or approved in writing by the engineer.
The drawings should be categorized in each discipline as shown hereunder and in two copies:
− Architectural drawings; − Structural drawings; − Sanitary drawings; − Electrical drawings; and − Site work drawings. b. Contract Documents:
The Contract Documents should include the following: (a) the Construction Agreement and Appendices thereto;
(b) the Letter of Acceptance dated [ date and address];
(c) signed Form of Bid of the Contractor, Appendices and Annexes thereof;
(d) the Particular Conditions of Contract (to be inserted only if applicable);
(e) standard Conditions of Contract for Building Construction Works;
(f) signed and numbered Prints of Drawings;
(g) signed Specifications(Bill descriptions), Priced Bill of Quantities and/or other pricing document as applicable;
(h) signed Technical Specifications and Methods of Measurement; (i) the Particular Project Information and Instructions;
(j) the Standard Instructions and Information to Bidders for Building Construction Works; and
SECTION 2
SECTION 2
PROCEDURES FOR OUTSOURCING
1.0. SYSTEM FOR SCREENING AND REGISTRATION
(CERTIFICATION) OF DESIGN CHECKERS
One major area of complaint has been the experience and capacity of design checking staff in the Ministry. Design checking in principle, requires skill and experience. The design checker must have acquired extensive experience in design works and if possible office running and Project Management.
The design checkers(Architects and Engineers) for each discipline, shall be Practicing Professionals that are licensed to do business and not employed by registered consultants. Consulting offices are qualified for design checking. They can assign for the design checking works those Practicing Professionals they employ.
All practicing professionals(those licensed to do business or employed with Consultants) involved in design checking are believed to have a working experience as practicing professional designers in their respective disciplines.
Two or more consultants or consultants and Practicing Professionals that are licensed to do business can associate or form joint ventures to be registered with the Ministry as design checkers. In such instances, the lead consultant should be known and the association or joint venture documents shall be submitted to the ministry.
The Practicing professionals and Consultants should be registered with the Ministry to have a design checking certificate and are required to renew their registrations yearly by filling an application of renewal in accordance with guidelines for the registrations of professionals and consultants issued by the Ministry and the Qualification Requirements presented in Annex III of this document.
1.1. Rejection of Application
The Ministry of Infrastructure shall reject an application for registration on any one of the following grounds:
If the applicant:
(a) has been adjudged by a court of competent jurisdiction to be of unsound mind; or
(b) has been convicted by a court of competent jurisdiction, whether in Ethiopia or elsewhere, of any offence involving fraud or dishonesty; or
(c) is found unfit to satisfactorily carry on business by reason of his physical or mental disability as may be certified by a competent physician; or
(d) is found in deliberate malpractice [as defined in the Cod of professional Ethics by the Ethiopian Consulting Engineers and Architects Association ( ECEAA) and Ethiopian Association of Civil Engineers(EACE)].
1.2. Suspension of Registration Certificate
A registration certificate may be suspended by the Ministry of Infrastructure if its holder:
(a) Fails to comply with the requirements set out in the procedure for design checking; or
(b) Shows misconduct of gross negligence in matters relating to his professional practice; or
(c) Fails to submit reports and other relevant information as required by the Ministry; or
(d) Fails to abide by the Codes of professional Practice/Ethics of ECEAA and EACE and/or the best standards of professional practice in the trade for design, supervision and contract administration of projects.
The period of suspension may vary depending on the degree of the malpractice. However, the suspension period should not be less than one year. Pursuant suspension, the Certificate shall be returned forthwith to the Ministry.
1.3. Cancellation or revocation of Certificate
Certificate of registration shall be cancelled or revoked, as the case may be, when: (a) the registered person dies, or is incapacitated, or quit the business or fails to comply
with the requirements set out in these manual;
(b) measures taken by the Government are incompatible with the Registration; and
(c) a registered person or juridical person is adjudged bankrupt or dissolved in accordance with the Commercial Code of Ethiopia.
