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1. Do yoDo you need u need a pena pen?” Ani a?” Ani asked. = sked. = Ani askAni asked me ed me ifif I was need a pen.

I was need a pen. 2.

2. JohJohn asken asked, “Whad, “What do you wantt do you want?” = John ask?” = John askeded me what I wanted.

me what I wanted. 3.

3. Sue asSue askedked, “Are you hun, “Are you hungrygry?” = Sue wante?” = Sue wanted tod to know if I was hungry.

know if I was hungry. 4.

4. “I’m goi“I’m going to movng to move to Ohie to Ohio,” said Bro,” said Bruce. = Bruce. = Bruceuce informed me (that) he went to move to Ohio. informed me (that) he went to move to Ohio. 5.

5. “I may b“I may be latee late,” said Mik,” said Mike. = Mike. = Mike told me told me (thate (that)) he was late.

he was late.

1.

1. “Do you need a pen?” Ani asked. = Ani asked me“Do you need a pen?” Ani asked. = Ani asked me

if I needed a pen. if I needed a pen. 2

2.. CCororrerectct 3

3.. CCororrerectct

4.

4. “I’m going to move to Ohio,” said Bruce. = Bruce“I’m going to move to Ohio,” said Bruce. = Bruce

in

infoformrmed ed me me (t(thahat) t) he he wawas s goigoing ng to to momove ve toto Ohio.

Ohio.

5.

5. “I may be late,” said Mike. = Mike told me (that)“I may be late,” said Mike. = Mike told me (that)

he might be late. he might be late.

1. Fajar: Are Fitri and Ical still living in New 1. Fajar: Are Fitri and Ical still living in New  York?

 York?

Riski: No. They …. to Dallas Riski: No. They …. to Dallas A. are just moved

A. are just moved B. had just moved B. had just moved C. have just moved C. have just moved D. will just moved D. will just moved

2. Mrs Nila : Where is the new stove that 2. Mrs Nila : Where is the new stove that you bought yesterday?

you bought yesterday?

Mrs Bella : The color didn’t match, so I … it Mrs Bella : The color didn’t match, so I … it to the store. to the store. A. return A. return B. had return B. had return C. returned C. returned D. have returned D. have returned

3. Voyla: You and Joure seem to be getting 3. Voyla: You and Joure seem to be getting along well.

along well.

Nila: Yes, I … her better than before Nila: Yes, I … her better than before A. am liking A. am liking B. liked B. liked C. like C. like D. have liked D. have liked

4. Nila: How are you feeling? 4. Nila: How are you feeling?

Maria: I’ve been feeling better since … Maria: I’ve been feeling better since … A. the doctor has come

A. the doctor has come B. the doctor will come B. the doctor will come C. the doctor had come C. the doctor had come D. the doctor came D. the doctor came

5. Bayu: Isn’t it hard to drive downtown to 5. Bayu: Isn’t it hard to drive downtown to work?

work?

Robby: Yes, that’s why I … to work by train. Robby: Yes, that’s why I … to work by train. A. have been going

A. have been going B. am going B. am going C. went C. went D. go D. go

6. Fina: How long have you worked for this 6. Fina: How long have you worked for this company?

company?

Ella: I … there for two years by next month Ella: I … there for two years by next month A. had worked

A. had worked

B. have been working B. have been working C. was working

C. was working D. will have worked D. will have worked

7. Mr. Rahman: When are you planning to 7. Mr. Rahman: When are you planning to send the memo to the staff?

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Mr. Indra: Luckliy , I … it already A. send

B. had sent C. have sent D. was sent

8. Milda: Nabila told me that you father have a cottage on Lake Toba.

Nila: Yes, we … there since we first moved to Meda.

A. had gone B. have gone C. are going

D. had been going

9. Dhinnar: Can I came by for my check tomorrow?

Nefri: Yes, I … meeting my client at the bank by then

A. will have finished B. have finished C. will finish

D. would have finished

10. Taufik: Where are Ken dan Mathew? Atok: They were hungry, so they … to the canteen

A. were going B. went

C. have gone D. will go

11.Asep: Did you meet Dito here at the university ?

Jose: No, he … when I came. A. had already gone

B. has been going C. will go

D. is going

12. David: I took TOEFL test and it was really hard.

Dimas: … a lot before you took it ? A. have you studied

B. Did you study C. Had you studied D. are you studying

13.Ericko: Would you like to go to the band concert?

Wahyu: Thanks, but I … it already. A. had ever seen

B. have seen C.ever saw D. will see

14. Nila: What did you see last night?

Bella: I watched TV, practiced the violin, and … my homework.

A. am doing B. did

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D. had done

15. Mermaid: why is teddy so sad? Aldy: because his parrot … away. A. has flown

B. flew C. is flying D. had flown

16. Nila: did you go to Hawaii for vacation? Bintang: I … to go, but i got sick at the last minute. Then, I cancelled it.

A. was planning B. had planned

C.have been planning D. Have planned

17. When Fajar wants to cut his hair, he … to the same barber since 2000.

A. is going

B. has been going C. always goes D. had gone

18. Did you say that you ………. here three days ago ?

A. came B. have come C. come D. had come

19. Bernard: Who ate all the cookies?

Jerry: Tom ……….. A. does

B. was C. had D. did

20. Hudson : Where was fay bom?

Brondon: In Surabaya, but today she … in Jakarta A. has lived B. is living C. lives D. lived C 2.C 3.C 4.D 5.D 6.D 7.C 8.B 9.A 10.B 11.A 12.C 13.B 14.B 15.B 16.B 17.B 18.A 19.D 20. C

Using USED TO AND BE USED TO

USED TO atau BE USED TO sama maknanya dengan BE ACCUSTOMED TO, yaitu: “terbiasa/biasa“, sedangkan GET USED TO =

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BECOME ACCUSTOMED TO, yaitu: “menjadi terbiasa“. Perbedaannya terletak pada pola penggunaannya (grammar).

1. S + USED TO + VERB1…

2. S + BE USED TO + GERUND/NOUN…

3. S + BE ACCUSTOMED TO + GERUND/NOUN … 4. S + GET USED TO + GERUND/NOUN…

5. S + BECOME ACCUSTOMED TO + GERUND/

NOUN…

NOTE: Hanya pola 1 (i.e. USED TO tanpa diawali oleh be atau get) yang menggunakan simple form verb (verb1). Pola lainnya selalu diikuti oleh gerund atau noun.

Contoh:

1. We are used to living in poverty.

2. We are accustomed to living in poverty. Kalimat 1&2 ini bermakna sama, yaitu: “Kami (sekarang ini) terbiasa hidup dalam kemiskinan”.

3. I used to swim on the river when I was young.

4. I was used to swimming on the river when I was young.

5. I was accustomed to swimming on the river when I was young.

Kalimat 3,4, dan 5 bermakna sama, yaitu : Aku terbiasa/biasa berenang di sungai ketika aku kecil.

6. He has to get used to living in poverty. 7. He has to become accustomed to living in poverty.

Kalimat 6&7 ini bermakna sama, yaitu: Misalnya, dia dulu kaya dan selalu hidup dalam kemewahan, tapi karena jatuh miskin, “dia harus menjadi terbiasa (membiasakan diri) hidup dalam kemiskinan“.

8. I didn’t like the winter at first, but later on I got used to it.

9. I didn’t like the winter at first, but later on I became accustomed to it.

Kalimat 8&9 bermakna sama, yaitu: “Pada awalnya aku tidak suka musim dingin, tapi kemudian aku menjadi terbiasa dengan musim dingin itu”

Contoh kalimat lainnya dapat dibaca

di: PENGGUNAAN GET, GOT,

GOT/GOTTEN Poin 9.

 Yang mungkin membuat Ardi bingung adalah terkadang “be used to” diikuti oleh verb1 dan oleh gerund, seperti pada kalimat berikut:

1. The horse is used to drag a cart. (Kuda itu

digunakan untuk menarik dokar).

2. The horse is used to dragging a cart. (Kuda itu

terbiasa menarik dokar).

Bagaimana cara membedakannya?

Kalimat 1 adalah kalimat pasif dengan main verb “use” (menggunakan). Dalam kalimat pasif, “be used to” selalu diikuti oleh verb1. Dan karena kalimat pasif, phrase ini tentu saja dapat disisipi “by + object”, misalnya, menjadi:

The horse is used by my father to drag a cart. (Kuda itu digunakan oleh ayahku untuk menarik dokar).

Di kalimat 2, “be used to” selalu diikuti oleh gerund, tidak dapat disisipi dengan apapun.

Sorry Pak Bhaskara i found the different meaning of the “USED TO” please see below Take a look at the following two sentences. what’s the difference in meaning?

“I used to drink green tea.” “Iam used to drinking tea.” I used to something

“I used to drink green tea.”

“I used to drink green tea”, means that, in the past I drank green tea, but now I don’t. Used to describes an action that did happen, but doesn’t happen now. Check out these great examples:

“When I was young I used to play with dolls, but I don’t anymore.”

“Before I passed my driving test, I used to cycle everywhere.”

I am used to something

“I am used to drinking green tea.”

“I am used to drinking green tea”, means that, at first drinking green tea was strange and unusual, but now it has become familiar.

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Be used to describes an action that was, perhaps, difficult and is now easy. “I am accustomed to green tea”, has the same meaning. Read on for fantastic examples: “It took me a while, but I’m finally used to using this new software.”

“I’m getting used to the strange smell in the factory.”

Saya rasa penjelasan yang bapak posting cukup jelas,

I used to drink green tea = Dulu, aku biasa minum teh hijau, tapi sekarang aku sudah tidak minum teh hijau lagi.

I am used to drinking green tea = ((Misalnya, dulu aku biasa minum kopi. Dulu aku tidak suka minum teh hijau karena rasany pahit. Tapi karena aku sering mencoba meminumnya, maka) Sekarang saya sudah terbiasa minum teh hijau.

Perhatikan, tobe di kalimat ini adalah dalam bentuk present (am, is atau are. Kalau to be-nya dalam bentuk past (was atau were) maka makna kalimatnya (i.e. menjadi terbiasa) tersebut terjadi di masa lampau. I didn’t like drinking green tea at first, but maybe becuase I kept trying to drink it, I was used to drinking green tea. Well, that happened when I was in China. Now I am in Indonesia and I don’t drink green tea anymore.

Active and passive voice

Kalimat aktif (active voice) adalah kalimat dimana subject-nya melakukan pekerjaan, sebaliknya, kalimat pasif (passive voice) adalah kalimat dimana subject-nya dikenai pekerjaan oleh object kalimat. Active voice lebih sering digunakan dalam kehidupan

sehari-hari dibandingkan dengan passive voice. Namun demikian, sering kita temukan passive voice di surat-surat kabar, artikel-artikel di majalah-majalah dan tulisan-tulisan ilmiah. Passive voice digunakan karena object dari active voice merupakan informasi yang lebih

penting dibandingkan dengan subject-nya. Contoh :

• Active : We fertilize the soil every 6 months • Passive: The soil is fertilized by us every 6

months

Dari contoh ini dapat kita lihat bahwa:

1. Object dari active voice (the soil) menjadi subject dari passive voice

2. Subject dari active voice (we) menjadi object dari passive voice. Perhatikan pula bahwa terjadi perubahan dari subject pronoun ‘we’ menjadi object pronoun ‘us’.

3. Verb1 (fertilize) pada active voice menjadi verb3 (fertilized) pada passive voice.

4. Ditambahkannya be ‘is’ di depan verb3. Be yang digunakan adalah tergantung pada subject passive voice dan tenses yang digunakan. (Perhatikan pola-pola passive voice di bawah). 5. Ditambahkannya kata ‘by’ di belakang verb3.

Namun, jika object dari passive voice dianggap tidak penting atau tidak diketahui, maka object biasanya tidak dikemukakan dan begitu pula kata ‘by’.

6. Khusus untuk kalimat-kalimat progressive

(present, past, past perfect, future, past future, dan past future perfect continuous, perlu menambahkan ‘being’ di depan verb3). Kalau tidak ditambahkan “being”, tensisnya akan berubah, bukan progressive/continuous lagi. Perhatikan contoh-contoh pada poin h – o di bawah.

Berdasarkan keenam poin di atas maka passive voice mengikuti pola sebagai berikut:

Pola active dan passive voice pada tiap tensis a. Jika active voice dalam simple present tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah is, am atau are.

Contoh:

• Active : He meets them everyday. • Passive : They are met by him everyday.

• Active : She waters this plant every two days. • Passive : This plant is watered by her every two

days.

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b. Jika active voice dalam simple past tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah was atau were

Contoh:

• Active : He met them yesterday

• Passive : They were met by him yesterday • Active : She watered this plant this morning • Passive : This plant was watered by her this

morning

c. Jika active voice dalam present perfect tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah been yang diletakkan setelah auxiliary has atau have, sehingga menjadi ‘has been’ atau ‘have been’

Contoh:

• Active : He has met them

• Passive : They have been met by him

• Active : She has watered this plant for 5

minutes.

• Passive : This plant has been watered by her

for 5 minutes.

d. Jika active voice dalam past perfect tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah been yang diletakkan setelah auxiliary had, sehingga menjadi had been

Contoh:

• Active : He had met them before I came.

• Passive : They had been met by him before I

came.

• Active : She had watered this plant for 5

minutes when I got here

• Passive : This plant had been watered by her

for 5 minutes when I got here

e. Jika active voice dalam simple future tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah be Contoh:

• Active : He will meet them tomorrow.

• Passive : They will be met by him tomorrow.

• Active : She will water this plant this

afternoon.

• Passive : This plant will be watered by her this

afternoon.

• Active : The farmers are going to harvest the

crops next week

• Passive : The crops are going to be harvested

by the farmers next week.

f. Jika active voice dalam future perfect tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah been yang diletakkan setelah auxiliary will have, sehingga menjadi ‘will have been’

Contoh:

• Active : He will have met them before I get

there tomorrow.

• Passive : They will have been met by him before

I get there tomorrow.

• Active : She will have watered this plant

before I get here this afternoon.

• Passive : This plant will have been watered by

her before I get here this afternoon.

g. Jika active voice dalam past future perfect tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah been yang diletakkan setelah auxiliary would have, sehingga menjadi ‘would have been’.

Contoh:

• Active : He would have met them.

• Passive : They would have been met by him.

• Active : She would have watered this plant.

• Passive : This plant would have been watered by

her.

h. Jika active voice dalam present continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah (is, am atauare) + being.

Contoh:

• Active : He is meeting them now.

• Passive : They are being met by him now.

• Active : She is watering this plant now.

• Passive : This plant is being watered by her now.

i. Jika active voice dalam past continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah (was atau were) + being.

Contoh:

• Active : He was meeting them.

• Passive : They were being met by him.

• Active : She was watering this plant.

• Passive : This plant was being watered by her.

 j. Jika active voice dalam perfect continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah (has/have) been + being.

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Contoh:

• Active : He has been meeting them.

• Passive : They have been being met by him.

• Active : She has been watering this plant.

• Passive : This plant has been being watered by

her.

k. Jika active voice dalam past perfect continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah had been + being.

Contoh:

• Active : He had been meeting them.

• Passive : They had been being met by him.

• Active : She had been watering this plant.

• Passive : This plant had been being watered by

her.

l. Jika active voice dalam future continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah will be + being.

Contoh:

• Active : He will be meeting them.

• Passive : They will be being met by him.

• Active : She will be watering this plant.

• Passive : This plant will be being watered by

her.

m. Jika active voice dalam past future continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah would be + being.

Contoh:

• Active : He would be meeting them.

• Passive : They would be being met by him.

• Active : She would be watering this plant.

• Passive : This plant would be being watered by

her.

n. Jika active voice dalam future perfect continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah will have been + being.

Contoh:

• Active : He will have been meeting them.

• Passive : They will have been being met by him.

• Active : She will have been watering this plant.

• Passive : This plant will have been

being watered by her.

o. Jika active voice dalam past future perfect continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalahwould have been + being. Contoh:

• Active : He would be meeting them.

• Passive : They would be being met by him.

• Active : She would be watering this plant.

• Passive : This plant would be being watered by

her.

Contoh-contoh yang lain:

1. Koko’s nose is bleeding. He was punched by his

friend right on his nose. (Hidung Koko sedang berdarah. Dia dipukul oleh temannya tepat di hidungnya).

2. The Indonesian football team was beaten by the

Saudi Arabian team. (Team sepakbola Indonesia dikalahkan oleh team arab Saudi).

3. These plants were watered by my sister a few

minutes ago. (Tanaman-tanaman ini disirami oleh adikku beberapa menit yang lalu).

4. There is no meal left. All has been devoured by

Yeyes. (Tidak ada makan yang tersisa. Semuanya telah dilahap habis oleh Yeyes).

5. English is studied by all high school students.

(Bahasa Inggris dipelajari oleh semua murid sekolah menengah lanjutan (SMP dan SMA).

1. The teacher told the students that they needed to revise their essays.

The passive of the underlined clause is: a. Their essays were needed to revise. b. their essays were need to be revising. c. Their essays were needed to be revised. d. Their essays needed to be revised. e. Their essays were needed to revising.

2. Tono wasn’t offered the job. We can also say:

a. Tono didn’t offer the job.

b. They don’t offer the job to Tono. c. Tono was offering the job.

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e. The job wasn’t offered to Tono.

3. “Which paintings will be exhibited tomorrow?”

“We don’t know yet. They ………. by a team.”

a. are still being selected b. are still selecting c. still be selected d. still selected e. still selecting

4. The street ………. when we passed yesterday.

a. has repaired b. is being repaired c. was being repaired d. is repaired

e. has been repaired

5. “When ………?” “Before World War I” a. this hospital to be built b. was this hospital being built c. this hospital built

d. was this hospital built e. this hospital has been built

6. Find the passive form of “They will look after you well”.

a. You will be looked after well.

b. They will be looked after you well. c. You will be well looked after.

d. You are well will be looked after.

e. You will be to be looked after by them well.

7. A well-known architect is designing our new office.

The passive form is: a. designs

b. designed c. be designing d. is designing e. is being designed

8. What is the active form of “English is spoken in the United States” ?

a. People in the US speak English. b. In the US speak English.

c. Everybody speak English in the US. d. Everybody spoke English in the US. e. People in US speaks English.

9. After the house ………. white, it looked beautiful.

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a. had been painted b. to be painting c. had been painting d. be painted

e. had painted

10. “What do people need for irrigation?” The passive construction of the sentence is: a. What is needed for irrigation?

b. What is irrigation needed for?

c. What people are needed for irrigation? d. what is for irrigation needed?

e. What irrigation is needed?

11. Although the stolen car ………. the police cannot trace the thieves.

a. is being found b. has found c. has been found d. having been found e. had found

12. The child told us he had been left alone by his step mother in the empty building. From the sentence above we know that:

a. The child had left his step mother alone in the empty building.

b. The child went to the empty building with his step mother, then she went away.

c. The child wanted to leave his step mother in the empty building.

d. The child had left his step mother before he went to the empty building.

e. The child wanted us to leave him alone with his step mother in the empty building.

13. My motorcycle is not running well now. The tires are flat and the chain ………

a. needs to be fixing b. is fixing

c. needs to be fixed d. has fixed

e. needs to fix

14. The teacher would like the exercises ……….. by everybody before tomorrow. a. finish

b. to be finished c. finishing

d. have finished e. already finished

15. “The boys have been told the good news” means:

a. The good news was told to the boys.

b. Somebody has told the boys the good news.

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c. The good news has been told by the boys. d. The boys have told the good news.

e. The good news about the boys has been told.

16. Nobody can do such a thing.

The passive construction of the sentence is: a. Such a thing can done be by anybody. b. A thing can be done by anybody. c. A such thing can be done by somebody d. Such a thing can be done by somebody. e. Such a thing can’t be done by anybody.

17. The students ……….. before they were allowed to join the class.

a. punished b. has punished c. had been punished d. were punished e. are punished

18. The hotel ………. when I passed. a. was built

b. has been built c. had been built d. built

e. was building

19. It was reported that medicine and rice ………. to the victims of the flood. a. have been distributed

b. will be distributed c. are being distributed d. had been distributed e. be distributed

20. The picture is not here anymore. It must have ……….

a. been taken away b. been taking away c. took away

d. taken away

e. being taken away

This is my best shot to this exercise. As usual, please correct me!

1. d. Their essays needed to be revised. The teacher told the students that they needed to revise their essays.

2. e. The job wasn’t offered to Tono. Tono wasn’t offered the job.

3. a. are still being selected

“Which paintings will be exhibited tomorrow?” “We don’t know yet. They ARE STILL BEING SELECTED by a team.”

4. c. was being repaired

The street WAS BEING REPAIRED when we passed yesterday.

5. d. was this hospital built

“When WAS THIS HOSPITAL BUILT?” “World War I”

6. a. You will be looked after well. “They will look after you well”.

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also possible but it’s less formal than option a.

7. e. is being designed

A well known architect is designing our new office.

Our new office IS BEING DESIGNED by a well known architect.

8. a. People in the US speak English. “English is spoken in the United States”. 9. a. had been painted

After the house HAD BEEN PAINTED white, it looked beautiful.

10. a. What is needed for irrigation? “What do people need for irrigation?” 11. c. has been found

Although the stolen car HAS BEEN FOUND, the police cannot trace the thieves.

12. b. The child went to the empty building with his step mother, then she went away. The child told us he had been left alone by his step mother in the empty building. 13. c. needs to be fixed

My motorcycle is not running well now. The tyres are flat and the chain NEEDS TO BE FIXED.

14. b. to be finished

The teacher would like the exercises TO BE FINISHED by everybody before tomorrow. 15. b. Somebody has told the boys the good news.

“The boys have been told the good news”. 16. e. Such a thing can’t be done by anybody.

Nobody can do such a thing. 17. c. had been punished

The students HAD BEEN PUNISHED before they were allowed to join the class.

18. c. had been built

The hotel HAD BEEN BUILT when I passed. 19. d. had been distributed

It was reported that medicine and rice HAD BEEN DISTRIBUTED to the victims of the flood.

20. a. been taken away

The picture is not here anymore. It must have BEEN TAKEN AWAY.

References

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