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Topic: Rocks, Minerals and Soil Duration: Grade Level: 6 9 days

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6

th

Grade Science Unit:

Sedimentary Rocks

Unit Snapshot

Topic: Rocks, Minerals and Soil

Grade Level: 6

Duration:

9 days

Summary

The following activities allow students to focus on the study of rocks.

Classifying and identifying different types of rocks and can decode the past

environment in which they formed.

Clear Learning Targets

“I can”…statements

_____ use the unique characteristic of sedimentary rocks to identify and classify

sedimentary rocks.

Activity Highlights and Suggested Timeframe

Day 1

Engagementbased on their similarities. Groups will share out how they classified their rocks. : Students bring in rocks and then classify them using observation skills

Students then begin to learn that rocks are classified by the way they are formed.

Day 2-3

Exploration: Students will explore how sandstone, coal and limestone are formed.

Day 4-5

Explanationcomplete a Venn-Diagram comparing and contrasting the three rocks. : Students will observe the sedimentary rocks that they formed and

Day 6-7

Elaboration: Students will read about Clastic, Chemical and Organically formed sedimentary rocks. They will sort rocks from a rock sample kit into the three categories. Information gathered will be added to the Venn-Diagram that was completed in the explain section of the lesson.

Day 8 and on-

going

Evaluation: Formative and summative assessments are used to focus on and assess student knowledge and growth to gain evidence of student learning or progress throughout the unit, and to become aware of students misconceptions related to identifying sedimentary rocks. A teacher-created short cycle assessment will be administered at the end of the unit to assess all clear learning targets.

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LESSON PLANS

NEW LEARNING STANDARDS:

6.ESS.2 Igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary rocks have unique characteristics that

can be used for identification and/or classification.

Most rocks are composed of one or more minerals, but there are a few types of sedimentary rocks that contain organic material, such as coal. The composition of the rock, types of mineral present, mineral arrangement, and/or mineral shape and size can be used to identify the rock and to interpret its history of formation, breakdown (weathering) and transport (erosion).

SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY and APPLICATION PRACTICES:

During the years of grades K-12, all students must use the following scientific inquiry and application

practices with appropriate laboratory safety techniques to construct their knowledge and understanding in all science content areas:

• Asking questions (for science) and defining problems (for engineering) that guide scientific investigations

• Developing descriptions, models, explanations and predictions. • Planning and carrying out investigations

• Constructing explanations (for science) and designing solutions (for engineering) that conclude scientific investigations

• Using appropriate mathematics, tools, and techniques to gather data/information, and analyze and interpret data

• Engaging in argument from evidence

• Obtaining, evaluating, and communicating scientific procedures and explanations

These practices are a combination of ODE Science Inquiry and Application and Frame-work for K-12 Science Education Scientific and Engineering Practices

COMMON CORE STATE STANDARDS for LITERACY in SCIENCE:

*For more information: http://www.corestandards.org/assets/CCSSI_ELA%20Standards.pdf

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RST.6-8.3 Follow precisely a multistep procedure when carrying out experiments, taking measurements, or performing technical tasks.

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RST.6-8.7 Integrate quantitative or technical information expressed in words in a text with a version of that information expressed visually (e.g., in a flowchart, diagram, model, graph, or table). CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RST.6-8.4 Determine the meaning of symbols, key terms, and other domain-specific words and phrases as they are used in a specific scientific or technical context relevant to grades 6–8 texts and topics.

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RST.6-8.9 Compare and contrast the information gained from experiments, simulations, video, or multimedia sources with that gained from reading a text on the same topic.

*For more information: http://www.corestandards.org/assets/CCSSI_ELA%20Standards.pdf

STUDENT KNOWLEDGE:

Prior Concepts Related to Surface of Earth

PreK-2: Objects have physical properties, properties of objects can change and Earth’s nonliving resources have specific properties.

Grades 3-5: Rocks and soil have characteristics, soil contains pieces of rocks, rocks form in different ways, and objects are composed of matter and may exhibit electrical conductivity and magnetism.

Future Application of Concepts

Grades 7-8: Sedimentary, metamorphic and igneous environments, and the history of Earth (including the changing environments) from the interpretation of the rock record are studied.

High School: The formation of elements, chemical bonding and crystal structure are found in the Physical Sciences. In grades 11/12 Physical Geology, depositional environments, volcanic, characteristics of rocks and mineralogy are explored in depth.

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MATERIALS:

Engage

o Materials per class:

Rocks samples from home or school Hand lens scale Explore o Demo: Plaster Cement Milk cartons (pint) Sand Soil

Mud Water

Mixing Spoon

Computer / Internet Access

o Materials per class: Computer

Internet access

Explain

Earth Science Book Rock Books

Computer with Internet access

Elaborate

Venn-Diagram Template Venn-Diagram Rubric

VOCABULARY:

Primary

Chemical Sedimentary Rock Clastic Sedimentary Rock Organic Sedimentary Rock Sedimentary Rocks

Strata Stratification

SAFETY

Students will be working with hand lenses. Remind students the safety rules regarding using scientific tools. All other lab safety rules and procedures apply (see lab safety contract).

ADVANCED

PREPARATION

Gather Sedimentary rock samples: limestone, sandstone, shale, conglomerate, and breccia.

Material to make a sedimentary rock (plaster, cement, 3 pint milk cartons, sand, soil, mixing spoon, computer, water, mud).

ENGAGE

1 day

(What will draw students into the learning? How will you determine what your students already know about the topic? What can be done at this point to identify and address misconceptions? Where can connections be made to the

real world?)

Objective: Students will observe sedimentary rock and infer how they may have formed, as well as consider how these rocks inform us about the environment millions of years ago. Students will begin to understand that sedimentary rocks form through the deposition, compaction, and cementation of sediments over millions of years and the conditions necessary for sedimentary rocks to form.

What is the teacher doing?

Rock Observations (Day 1)

Have students make observations about the rocks that they have brought from home or the sedimentary rocks that you have provided. (Pictures are included if necessary, but actual rocks are preferred).

What are the students doing?

Rock Observations (Day 1)

1. Make observations with their groups’ rock sample.

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Facilitate as students classify the rocks according to their

similarities.

Each group will explain how they classified their rocks.

Explain to students that these rocks are classified according to the way they are formed.

2. Classify the rocks according to their similarities.

3. Students orally explain their system of classification.

EXPLORE

2 days

(How will the concept be developed? How is this relevant to students’ lives? What can be done at this point to identify and

address misconceptions?)

Objective: Students will be exposed to a simulation of how sedimentary rocks form.

What is the teacher doing?

Sedimentary Rock Formation (Days 2-3)

Demonstrate: “Making of Sedimentary Rocks”

Follow the procedures on the lab Remind them to think about the conditions that are necessary for these rocks to form in the

environment.

OPTIONAL: The Earth Science

Textbook Lab Manual also

contains ”Making Models of Sedimentary that has additional questions.

What are the students doing?

Sedimentary Rock Formation (Days 2-3)

1. Participate in discussion in the process of how sedimentary rocks are made and the possible condition of the environment at that time.

2. Label each rock as sandstone, coal, and limestone.

3. With the materials provided, students should infer what conditions were necessary for these rocks to form.

EXPLAIN

2 days

(What products could the students develop and share? How will students share what they

have learned? What can be done at this point to identify and

address misconceptions?)

Objective: Make inferences on how sedimentary rocks are formed. Look at similarities and differences.

What is the teacher doing?

Rock Venn Diagram (Days 4-5)

Provide a three circle Venn-Diagram for each group to complete.

Have students compare and contrast the three different rocks. Have students explain how each sedimentary rock was formed on their chart.

If students are struggling, post words: Layers, Erosion,

Weathering, Compaction and Cementation to use in their chart. Assist students in completing the Enrich activity from the Earth Science Textbook-Teacher

Resources on the “Formation of Coal”

What are the students doing?

Rock Venn Diagram (Days 4-5)

1. Remove their rocks from the carton. 2. Examine each rock and complete

the Venn-Diagram. Compare and contract the three types of rocks. 3. On the chart explain how each

rock formed.

4. Complete handout “Formation of Coal”

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ELABORATE

(2 days)

(How will the new knowledge be reinforced, transferred to new

and unique situations, or integrated with related

concepts?)

Objective: Introduction of Clastic, Chemical, and Organic types of

sedimentary rock. Examine other sedimentary rocks and compare them with rocks made in class.

What is the teacher doing?

It’s Sedimentary My Dear Watson! (Days 6-7)

Provide students with “It’s Sedimentary My Dear Watson. Have students read about the different types of Sedimentary Rock.

Provide students with different types of sedimentary rock and have them complete the chart. Students may also create a foldable on the different types or rock and place the rocks from their lab on their Venn-Diagram and foldable in the correct category.

What are the students doing?

It’s Sedimentary My Dear Watson! (Days 6-7)

1. Examine “It’s Sedimentary My Dear Watson.”

2. Complete the chart on the different types of sedimentary rock, identify the color and texture of each rock. 3. Identify the rocks from the lab into

the Venn-Diagram, grouping correctly.

4. Make a foldable of Clastic, Chemical, and Organic

Sedimentary rocks. Include rocks from the lab in each section of the foldable.

EVALUATE

(on-going)

(What opportunities will students

have to express their thinking? When will students reflect on what they have learned? How

will you measure learning as it occurs? What evidence of student learning will you be looking for and/or collecting?)

Objective: The objective of the assessments is to focus on and assess student knowledge and growth to gain evidence of student learning or progress throughout the unit.

Formative

How will you measure learning as it occurs?

1. Consider developing a teacher-created formative assessment.

2. Rock observations will formatively assess student knowledge related to physical properties of rocks and

classification.

3. Rock Venn Diagram will assess student knowledge related to different types of sedimentary rocks and their formation.

Summative

What evidence of learning will demonstrate to you that a student has met the learning objectives?

1. It’s Sedimentary My Dear Watson chart will assess students ability to apply knowledge in order to identify sedimentary rocks. 2. Teacher created short cycle

assessment will assess all clear learning targets

EXTENSION/

INTERVENTION

(1 day or more)

EXTENSION

1. Have students create a rap, Glogster, Prezi, or power point on different types of sedimentary rocks and their properties. This can also be used to assist students with special needs.

INTERVENTION

1. Related Discovery Ed Videoclips

2. Sedimentary Rock Videos For Kids:

http://www.youtube.com/watch? v=NygkD8uATng

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COMMON

MISCONCEPTIONS

All rocks are the same, and it’s hard to tell how they originated. Rocks and minerals are the same thing; distinguishing them is not important.

Humans can fabricate rocks and minerals; artifacts are the same as rocks and minerals.

Strategies to address misconceptions:

1. Rocks can be distinguished in different types, based on their origins and compositions.

2. Rocks and minerals are not the same thing; rocks are composed of minerals, which are naturally existing chemical compounds.

3. Rocks and minerals are naturally occurring substances that are usually crystalline and solid.

Other resources include:

For examples of misconceptions that students may have about rocks and minerals, and resources to address misconceptions through investigation, visit

http://beyondpenguins.ehe.osu.edu/issue/rocks-and-minerals/common-misconceptions-about-rocks-and-minerals

DIFFERENTIATION

Lower-Level: Adapted Review and Study Guide.

Higher-Level: Allow students to research sedimentary rocks found in Ohio and local examples of where sedimentary rocks can be found.

Strategies for meeting the needs of all learners including gifted students, English Language Learners (ELL) and students with disabilities can be found at the following sites: ELL Learners: http://www.ode.state.oh.us/GD/DocumentManagement/DocumentDownload.aspx?DocumentID =105521 Gifted Learners: http://www.ode.state.oh.us/GD/DocumentManagement/DocumentDownload.aspx?DocumentID =105522

Students with Disabilities:

http://www.education.ohio.gov/GD/DocumentManagement/DocumentDownload.aspx?Docume ntID=105523

ADDITIONAL

RESOURCES

Websites:

Geology.com: Sedimentary Rocks

http://geology.com/rocks/sedimentary-rocks.shtml

Rock Hounds: How Sedimentary Rock is Formed

http://www.fi.edu/fellows/fellow1/oct98/create/sediment.htm Science Kids: Sedimentary Rock Facts

http://www.sciencekids.co.nz/sciencefacts/earth/sedimentaryrocks.ht ml

Discovery Ed:

Sedimentary Rock video segment (3:36) Literature:

Sedimentary Rocks by Holly Cefrey

http://sciencewithtradebooks.weebly.com/grade-6-books.html

Beyond Penguins: http://beyondpenguins.ehe.osu.edu/issue/rocks-and-minerals/rocks-and-minerals-virtual-bookshelf

The Coolest Rock :

http://www.hbavenues.com/bookfinder/pdf/LBTG/ave_lbtg_gr_4_8_02. pdf

Other Media:

YouTube Video about Sedimentary Rocks

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Name______________________________________Date______________________Period_______

Time: 1 class period

Conclusion/Discussion:

Write or discuss the differences in the rocks that you made. How does this inform us about

Ohio’s geological past?

Objective:

Students should understand that sedimentary rocks, like coal, are formed by the cementing

together of smaller pieces of rocks. Or, like coal, from the accumulation of plant material.

Materials:

plaster

cement

milk cartons (pint)

sand

soil

water

mixing spoon

Activity:

In this activity we will be making three different sedimentary rocks.

Sandstone

Coal

Limestone

1. Cut the top off of a milk

carton

2. Label the carton "A"

3. Mix 3 teaspoons of

cement with wet sand in

the carton.

4. Allow to dry.

5. Remove carton to see the

sandstone.

1. Cut the top off of a milk

carton.

2. Label the carton "B"

3. Mix 3 teaspoons of

cement with wet mud

and decomposed leaves

in the carton.

4. Allow to dry.

5. Remove carton to see

the coal.

1. Cut the top off of a milk

carton.

2. Label the carton "C"

3. Mix plaster with water in

the carton.

4. Allow to dry.

5. Remove carton to see the

limestone.

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3 Circle Venn Diagram

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3 Circle Venn Diagram

Teacher Answer Key

Name_________________________________________________Date___________________________Period__________________

Sandstone

Clastic

Weatered

Eroded

Small grains

Usually quartz

Visible grains possible

Loosely cemented

Limestone

Evaporation

Chemical finer grain

size

Usually calcite

Reacts with acid

Deeper in water

Coal

Organic

Compact remains of dead plants/animals

From tropical environment

Organism

remains

Part of other rock or

mineral

Sedimentary

Found in Ohio

Water involved

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Name_________________________________________________Date___________________________Period__________________

Explain how you think each sedimentary rock formed.

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Name:_________________________________Date:__________________ Period:_______

It’s Sedimentary, My Dear Watson

How can you spot a sedimentary rock?

Will often have layers or bands across them

Will often contain fossils which are fragments of animals

or plants preserved within the rock

Tend to scrape and crumble easily

Often made up of pieces of preexisting rock

Often have rounded grains

Now, it’s your turn to look at sedimentary rocks.

There are three types of sedimentary rocks: clastic,

chemical and organic. Let’s take a few seconds to

review them.

Clastic

Chemical

Organic

Made up of

pieces

(clasts) of

preexisting

rocks

Have

particle sizes

ranging

from

microscopic

clay to

heavy

boulders

Formed by

precipitation

Water traveling

through rock

dissolves some of

the minerals,

which are

re-deposited when

the water

evaporates or

becomes over

saturated

Form from

once living

organisms

They may

form from

carbon-rich

plant material

or from

deposits of

animals’ shells

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Name:__________________________________________________Date:_____________ Period:_______

It’s Sedimentary, My Dear Watson

Directions: Make observations about the color and texture of sedimentary rocks.

Name of

Sedimentary Rock

Color

Texture

Limestone

Sandstone

Shale

Conglomerate

Breccia

Bituminous Coal

Coquina

Chert

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Name:__________________________________Date:_____________ Period:_______

It’s Sedimentary, My Dear Watson

Directions: Make observations about the color and texture of sedimentary

rocks.

Name of

Sedimentary

Rock

Color

Texture

Limestone

Variety

Course to fine grain

Can have fossils

Sandstone

Variety

Grains

Shale

Variety

Clay

Conglomerate

Variety

Rounded rocks

Breccia

Variety

Angular rocks

Bituminous

Coal

Black

Smooth

Coquina

Shades of Brown

Fossils and fragments

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(15)

Chemical

Rock

Clastic

Rock

References

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