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money

ordertotheSuperintendentofDocuments,

Government

PrintingOffice, Washington,T>.C.

Washington,

D.

C,

June, 1924

Volume

No.

1,

Supplement

No.

6

In

This Issue

Page

Condition

of cotton,

May

25

170

Cost

of

producing

field crops,

1923

176

Gross

value

of

crops per

acre,

1921

and

1922

182

Crops:

Acreage

—

Durum

wheat

in

principal

producing

States

177

Peas

for

manufacture,

preliminary

for

1924,

harvested

in

1920-1923

175

Watermelons,

commercial,

estimate

for

early

States

and

intended

for

the

late

States

175

Sugar

cane,

1922-1924

172

Sugar cane

in

Louisiana

182

Acreage

and

production

of

commercial

asparagus,

strawberries

and

tomatoes

for

table use

175

Condition,

June

1

—

Cowpeas and

soy

beans

in

Southern

States

172

Florida

and

California crops

177

General averages

by

States

and by

crops

173

Specified

crops

by

States:

Wheat,

winter

and

spring, oats,

barley,

rye,

hay,

by

kinds,

pasture, apples,

peaches, pears, blackberries,

and

melons

172

Production,

1923,

of

sugar

and

sirup

in

Louisiana.

_

182

Summary

for

June

.

171

Livestock

and

livestock

products:

Classification of

livestock

slaughtered

193

Hides

and

skins:

April

report

184

Livestock

and

meat

situation,

April

135

Livestock

inspected

at

markets

for

shipment

to

country, April (feeding stock)

188

Monthly

meat

supplies

at

three eastern

markets

188

Per

capita

consumption

of

Federally

inspected

meats

184

Sale prices

of

purebred

animals,

July-December,

1923

:

Draft

horses,

beef

cattle,

dairy

cattle,

hogs,

and

sheep

and

prices

of

1922

and

1923

compared

189

Receipts

and

disposition at public stockyards,

May,

1924,

at

67

markets,

and

summary

184

Slaughter

under Federal

inspection

184

Sources

of

livestock

slaughtered

193

Yield

and

production

of

animal by-products

from

slaughter

under Federal

inspection,

April

188

Dairy

and

poultry

products:

Canned

milk:

Stocks

and

exports,

and

prices

193

Fluid

milk

:

Market

report

for

May

195

Foreign

trade

of

the

United

States

(in

butter,

casein,

cheese, milk,

and

oleomargarin)

207

Production

of

manufactured

dairy

products

and

oleomargerin,

1923

—

By

months

194

By

States

.

196

Cold

storage holdings,

May

1

183

103851"—

«t

1

Fruits

and

vegetables,

market

reviews:

Pa

&e

Apple

market

season

200

Carload shipments,

April,

by

States

198

Carload shipments

of citrusfruits,

April

199

Inspections

during

April

199

Peach

supply

of

New

York and

Chicago

199

Strawberry supply

and

sources,

for

New

York and

Chicago

174

Grain

:

Inspections

of

wheat

for

export

202

Receipts

of

inspected

grain

(wheat,

shelled

corn,

and

oats)

203

Wheat

and wheat

flour:

Exports during

April

207

Seeds:

Imports

of

forage plant

seeds,

May

201

Retail prices

ofseeds,

June

7

202

Cotton:

American

cotton

consumption

205

Imports

of

foreign

cotton

205

Price variations

on

the future

markets

(chart)

295

Stocks

of

Government-classed

cotton

at

future

markets

205

Supply

and

distribution

of

cotton

in

America

205

Foreign

crops

and

markets:

Meat

imports

of

the United

Kingdom

206

Review

of

world

agriculture,

May

15-

June

15

206

Prices

:

Corn-hog

ratios,

1910-1924

(table

and

chart)

180

Farm

prices

of

important

products,

May

15

178

Price

movements

of

agricultural

products

(chart) _.

208

Prices

of articles

bought

by

farmers,

1923

and

1924.

181

Prices

paid

by

farmers

for flour,

sugar, kerosene,

and

gasoline

on

April

15,

1923

and

1924,

by

States.

..

170

Prices

received

by

producers,

May

15,

1913-1924.

_

178

Time

of

Issuance

and

Scope

of

July

Crop Reports

The

United

States

Department

of

Agriculture

will issue

on

Wednesday,

July

2,

at

12.30

p.

m., eastern

standard

time,

a

report

on

the

acreage

of

cotton

this

year

and

the

condition

of

the

cotton crop

as

of

June

25;

on

Monday,

July

21,

at 11

a.

m.,

a

report

will

be

issued

on

the

condition

of

the

cotton

crop.

On

Wednesday,

July

9,

at 2.15

p.

m., eastern

standard

time,

the

department

will

issue

a

summary

of

the

acreage, condition

on

July

1,

and

forecast

of

production

of

corn,

white

potatoes,

sweet

potatoes,

flax,

and

tobacco;

a

report

on

the

condition

and

forecast

of

production

of

winter

wheat,

spring

wheat,

oats,

barley,

rye,

hay,

apples,

and

peaches,

and

a

report

on

the

stocks

of

wheat

on farms

on

July

1.

A

supplemental

report

will

be

issued

on

Monday,

July

9,

at 2.15

p.

m., eastern

standard

time,

showing

the

condition

on

July

1 of

the

following crops:

Timothy

hay, clover hay,

alfalfa

hay,

pastures,

grain

sorghum,

broom

corn,

sorghum

cane

for

sirup,

hops,

peanuts,

edible

beans,

lima

beans,

grapes,

pears,

blackberries

and

raspberries,

melons,

oranges,

lemons,

pineapples,

limes,

grapefruit,

cherries, apricots,

prunes,

figs,

plums,

olives,

almonds,

and

walnuts.

An

index

of

general

crop

conditions

on

July

1

in

each

State

willalso

be

issued.

170

CROPS

AND MARKETS

Vol.

1,

Supp.

C-Cotton

Crop

Report

for

May

25

For

the

date

of

May

25,

the

department

estimates,

from

the

reports

and

data furnished

by

crop

correspondents,

field

statis-ticians,

and

cooperating

State

boards

(or

departments)

of

agriculture,

that the

condition

of

the

cotton

crop

on

May

25

was 65.6%

of

a normal,

compared

with

71.0% on

May

25,

1923,

69.6%

on

May

25,

1922,

66.0% on

May

25,

1921,

and 72.8%

the

average

of

the

past 10

years

on

May

25.

An

estimate

of

acreage

this

year

will

be included

in

the July

2 cotton

report.

The

season

islate this 3r

ear

throughout

most

of

the

Cotton

Belt,

though

not

quite

so

late

as

it

was

last

year.

Corre-spondents

report

that

plantings are

about

a

week

to

10 days

late, this

situation

being

quite general.

The

early

part

of

the

season permitted

advancement

in

plantings

in

the

early States,

but

April

and

May

have

been extremely

unfavorable, since

the

low temperatures,

persistent

rainfall,

and

cold nights interfered

with

both the

progress

of

the

plantings

and

the necessary

field

work.

Chopping

is

from

10

days

to

two weeks

late

over

most

of

the

Belt.

Much

loss of

planted seed has

resulted

from

the

cold

weather

and

lack

of

sunshine,

leading to replanting

and

to

im-perfect stands.

Owing

to

shortage

of

good

seed

in

many

por-tions

of

the

Belt,it

was

necessary

in

many

cases to replant

with

Condition

of

Cotton

Crop,

May

25

Condition,

May

25(100=normal)

State 1924 1923 1922 1921 10-year average Virginia Percent 62 71 68 68 77 70 69 70 66 58 54 52 58 91 90 89 Percent 79 77 64 65 87 70 70 68 77 66 70 54 63 93 92 90 Percent 91 84 67 71 S5 80 75 70 61 76 79 90 07 84 81 73 Percent 77 65 58 63 60 57 60 57 71 70 69 75 74 75 84 95 Petcent 83

North

Carolina 76 SouthCarolina 70 72 Florida 76

Alabama

72

M

ississippi. 75 Louisiana.. 74 Texas 72 Arkansas 74 Tennessee. 75 Missouri 77

Oklahoma

73 California 88 Arizona. '85

New

Mexico All other _.

UnitedStatestotal 65.5 71.0 69.6 66.0 72.8

1Five-year average.

EEVISED ESTIMATES

OP

COTTON

ACREAGE

AND

YIELD

PER

ACRE,

1923 State Virginia NorthCarolina SouthCarolina Georgia Florida

Alabama

Mississippi Louisiana Texas Arkansas Tennessee Missouri

Oklahoma

California' Arizona

New

Mexico All other

UnitedStatestotal

Area planted(in cultivation endof June),1923, revised Acres 74,000 1,6S7,000 2,005,000 3,844,000 171,000 3,190,000 3,392,000 1,464,000 14,440,000 3,120,000 1,221,000 391,000 3,400,000 235,000 130,000 70,000 22,000 38,709,000 Area picked 1923, revised Acres 74,000 1,679,000 1,965,000 3,421,000 147,000 Lbs.,lint. 325 290 187 82 40 3,079,000 3,170,000 1,405,000 14,150,000 91 91 125 147 3,026,000 1,172,000 355,000 3,197,000 98 92 171 98 233,000 '127,000 60,000 20,000 285 292 230 153 37,130,000 Yield peracre, 1923, revised 130.6

1

_About

_{150,000 acresplantedand150,000 acrespickedin}

_Lower

California(Old

Me:

ii"iincluded inCalifornia figures,butexcludedfromUnitedStalestotal.

J_{Including40,000acn ofAi Egyptian (Pima)}

long-staplecotton.

gin-run

seed

and

that

obtained

from

oilmills, so

that

the

late

plantings

have

a

greater

handicap than

usual.

The

ample

subsoil

moisture

in

the western

portion

of

the

Belt

should prove favorable

if

warm,

dry,

and

sunshiny weather

should

come

later.

The

boU

weevil

is

reported

to

be

present

rather generally

over the

Belt

and

is

more numerous

than usual

in

Texas.

It isless

in

evidence elsewhere

in

most

of

the Belt

than

last

year.

Plant

lice

are

very

numerous and

are

helping

to

weaken

the

plants.

More

fertilizeris

being used

inall

por-tions

of

the

Belt,

and

it is

reported

to

be

better

in

quality

than

it

was

last

year,

although the

price

is

lower, especially

where

cash

is

paid.

Work

stock

is in

rather

poor

condition

throughout

most

of

the

South

because

of

a shortage

of

feedstuffs

resulting

from

the

poor corn

and hay

crops

of last

year

and

the

failure of

the

winter

oats crop,

which

had

been

depended upon

for

feeding

this

spring.

Prices

of

Flour

and

Sugar,

Kerosene and

Gasoline

[Theaverage pricespaid

by

farmersfor flourandsugar,keroseneandgasoline,April

15,1923,

and

1924,accordingtoreportsfromcorrespondentsofthedepartment]

Stateanddivision.

Flour, per

24-pound

sack, Apr.

15—

Sugar, per pound, Apr.

15—

Kerosene, pergallon, Apr.

15—

Gasoline, pergallon, Apr.

15—

1923 1924 1923 1924 1923 1924 1923 1924

Maine

Dols. 1.14 1.16 1.14 1.22 1.14 1.20 1.19 1.15 1.07 Doh. 1.00

L07

1.05 1.16 1.11 1.05 1.06 1.07 .98 Cents. 10.8 10.8 10.6 10.3 10.8 10.1 10.3 9.7-10.4 Cents. 10.4 9.8 10.1 9.8 10.0 9.6 9.8 9.4 9.8 Cents. 19 19 17 20 18 18 17 17 17 Cents. 18 19 18 18 18 18 17 17 18 Cents. 28 28 28 28 26 28 27 26 28 Cents. 24

New

Hampshire

Vermont

25 24 Massachusetts 22

Rhode

Island 22 Connecticut.. 23

New

York

22

New

Jersey 22 25

North

Atlantic 1.16 1.05 10.4 9.9 17.8 17.8 27.5 23.4 Delaware

Maryland

1.13 1.11 1.05 1.09 1.11 1.07 1.13 1.28 .99 .99 .95 1.05 .99 .96 1.02 1.19 10.3 9.9 11.4 11.5 11.4 11.3 11.2 11.7 9.6 9.8 10.7 11.4 11.1 10.4 10.6 11.5 16 18 19 23 IS 18 20 19 16 17 18 21 19 19 20 19 25 28 28 29 30 28 25 26 24 24 Virginia. . 25

West

Virginia 26 NorthCarolina SouthCarolina _ Georgia 26 24 26 Florida._ 27 SouthAtlantic 1.14 1.02 11.3 10.8 19.6 19.1 27.1 25.5 Ohio 1.05 1.03 1.10 1.06 1.06 .94 .93 .99 .96 1.00 10.5 10.7 10.7 10.9 10.8 10.4 10.3 10.4 10.4 10.4 16 15 15 15 16 17 15 15 16 16 23 23 23 24 25 22 22 Illinois. 21 21 22 E.No.Central 1.06 .97 10.7 10.4 15.3 15.5 23.9 21.8 Minnesota 1.11 1.12 .99 1.14 1.11 1.02 .96 l.Ol 1.08 .90 1.04 1.07 .91 .88 11.0 11.0 10.9 11.5 11.1 10.9 11.2 10.6 10.5 10.7 11.2 10.8 10.7 10.5 17 15 15 21 17 16 14 17 15 16 19 18 16 15 24 23 24 30 26 24 24 22

Iowa

21 Missouri.. 21 NorthDakota 25 South

Dakota

25 Nebraska 22 Kansas 20

W.No.

Central.-- 1.05 .98 11.1 10.7 16.5 16.2 24.6 22.0

Kentucky

1.13 1.16 1.16 1.21 1.15 1.06 .98 1.05 1.01 1.03 1.08 1.06 1.05 .97 .89 .93 11.3 11.1 11.1 11.5 11.5 11.2 10.9 11.3 11.0 11.0 10.8 10.7 11.2 10.9 10.6 10.8 20 20 20 18 17 16 14 18 19 19 20 17 16 16 15 17 28 26 27 26 23 23 23 27 24 Tennessee 25

Alabama

25 Mississippi 23 Louisiana 22 Texas 21 Oklahoma... 24 Arkansas 26 South Central 1.12 1.00 11.3 10.9 18.3 24 25 21 22 26 28 25 24 23 24 21 17.3 23 23 20 21 28 27 28 26 25 22 20 25.6 31 29 27 31 27 28 27 29 25 28 21 23.5

Montana

1.05 1.05 .92 1.01 1.08 .87 .95 .98 1.08 1.16 1.20 1.00 .97 .92 .98 1.01 .83 1.02 .82 .94 .94 1.07 11.7 11.5 11.6 12.3 12.0 11.6 11.0 11.2 10.9 11.1 11.0 11.9 12.2 11.0 11.0 11.7 11.3 11.5 11.0 10.6 10.8 10.3 28

Wvoming

29 26

New

Mexico.. 27 Arizona 27 Utah.. 32

Nevada

26 Idaho 28 24 24 California 20 Far Western 1.03 .95 11.4 11.2 23.0 23.5 27.5 26.8

June, 1924

CROPS

AND MARKETS

171

United

States

Crop

Summary

for

June

Cropparticulars Average,

1915-1919 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924

Winter wheat:

Acresforharvest(1924preliminary)

ConditionJune1

Production(1924 forecast),bushels..

Springwheat:

Acresforharvest(1924preliminary)

ConditionJune1 *

Production(1924 forecast),bushels..

Allwheat: Production(1923 forecast)...

Oats:

Acresforharvest(1924preliminary)

Condition June1

Production(1924 forecast),bushels..

Barley:

Acresforharvest(1924preliminary)

Condition June1

Production(1924 forecast),bushels..

Bye:

Acresforharvest(1924preliminary)

ConditionJune1

Production (1924 forecast),bushels..

Flay(all): ConditionJune1

Clover hay: ConditionJune1

Alfalfahay: ConditionJune1

Pastures:ConditionJune1

Cotton: Condition

May

25

Apples: ConditionJune1

Peaches:ConditionJune1

Pears: Condition June1

Blackberries,etc.: ConditionJune1

Melons: ConditionJune1

38,180,000 81.7 578, 575,000 20,370,000 92.2 259,063,000 837, 638,000 42, 157,000 90.9 ,423, 152,000 8,060.000 90.5 205, 350,000 4,671,000 881 66,474,000 89.7 89.1 91.5 91.7 77.0 71.5 63.4 68.4 88.0 81.7 50,494.000 94.9 760, 377,000 25,200,000 91.2 207, 602,000 967, 979,000 40,359,000 93 2 1,184,030,000 6,720,000 91.7 147, 608,000 6,307,000 93.5 75,483,bob 94.1 92.8 96.9 97.4 75.6 67.8 73.1 66.3 93.9 81.2 40,010,000 78.2 610, 597,000 21,127,600 89.1 222, 430,000 833, 027,000 42,491.000 87.8 1,496, 281,000 7,600,000 87.6 189, 332,000 4,409,000 84.4 60,490,000 88.8 87.5 92.7 88.8 62.4 79.3 64.9 73.4 88.1 78.6 43,414.000 77.9 600, 316,000 20,282,000 93.4 214, 589,000 814, 905,000 45,495,000 85.7 1,078, 341,000 7,414,000 87.1 154, 946,000 4,528,000 90.3 61,075,000 85.0 81.5 87.9 90.1 66.0 42.2 45.6 43.8 86.8 81.3 42,358,000 81.9 586, 878,000 19,959,000 90.7 280, 720,000 867, 59S,000 40,790,000 85.5 1,215, S03,000 7,317,000 90.1 182, 068,000 6,672,000 925 103, 362.000 91.1 92.3 93.2 93.8 69.6 72.8 77.1 72.8 92.6 84.6 39,522.000 572,340,000 18,786,000 - 90.2 213.401,000 785,741,000 40,833,000 85.6 1,299, 823,000 • 7,905,000 S9.0 198, 185,000 5,157,000 81.1 63,023,000 84.4 79.2 92.5 84.8 71.0 75.5 66.7 68.6 88.2 79.2 36,898,000 74.0 509,319,000 10,920,0C0 82.3 183,831,000 693,150,000 41,025,000 83.0 1,231, 728,000 7,558,000 79 5 160,070,000 4,337,000 87.4 62,461,000 83.0 83.4 86.7 82.2 65.6 74.0 72.7 71.3 89.4 76.0

May Was

Bad

Month

for

Crops

The

crop

report

of

the

department

for

the date

of

June

1,

issued

June

9,

gives

a

measure

of

the

extent

of

the

harm

to

crops

by

the

unfavorable

weather

of

May.

According

to

pre-liminary

reports

received

by

the

Weather

Bureau, the average

temperature during

May

was

5°

to

6°

below

normal

in

most

of

the

Corn

Belt

States,

from

1°

to

4°

below

normal

in

most

of

the

Cotton

Belt,

and

3°

or

more above normal

in

the

Pacific

Coast

States.

In

most

of

the

country

east

of

the

Rocky

Mountains

it

was

the

coldest

May

for

30

years,

with the

excep-tion

of_1907

and

1917,

in

both

of

which

years

June

also

was

cool.

In

the

Pacific

Coast

States

May

was

warmer

than

any

other

May

on

record

excepting

in

1897.

As

a

result of

the

low

average

temperature

in

the

Central

and

Eastern

States

the sowing

of

spring

grain

has

been

delayed,

especially

in

some

of

the

States

which

have

suffered

from

unusually

heavy

and

frequent

rainfall.

Much

replanting

has

been necessary

and

there

have

been

many

changes

from

acre-ages

which

farmers expected

to

grow.

On

June

1,

the sowing

of

oats

and

barley

was

stillin

progress

in

portions

of

the

Northern

States,

and

the

estimates

of

the

acreage

of

these

crops

include

all

land

which

will

be planted

in

time

to

be harvested

for

grain.

On

the

Pacific coast,

unseasonably

warm

weather,

combined

with drought, has caused a

great decline

in

the prospect

for

spring

grain.

In

California

more

than

half

a million acres

of

oats

and

barley,

intended

for grain, will

be

cut

for

hay,

or

abandoned.

Spring

grains.

—

As

a

result of

the

unfavorable

weather

for

spring grain

in

practically

all

parts

of

the

country, the

condi-tion

of

spring

wheat on June

1

was

82.3%

of

normal.

This

is

5%

lower

than

any June

1

condition

during the

last

30

years

for

which

comparable

figures

are available.

The

condition

of

oats

is

also

the

lowest

on

record

for this

month,

except

in

1907.

The

condition

of

barley

is

the lowest

for this

month,

except

for

1898.

It

should,

however, be

remembered

that

seeding

has

been

so

late in

many

States

that

favorable

weather

from

now

on

may

cause

a

very

material

change

in

prospects.

In

some

years

of

late

seeding,

yields

have

been unexpectedly

good.

Winter

wheat.

—

The

forecast

of

the

production

of

winter

wheat

is

509,000,000

bushels.

This

is

44,000,000

bushels,

or

8%,

below

the forecast

of

May

1.

The

great

falling off in

the

prospects for

the winter-wheat

crop

is

due

mainly

to

drought

in

Missouri

and

Nebraska,

to

dry,

cold

weather,

chinch

bugs,

Hessian

fly

damage, and

serious

disease

of

the

wheat

plant

in

Kansas,

with

drought

and

high

temperatures

alone

or

com-bined

in

Utah,

Idaho,

Washington,

Oregon,

and

California.

About

21,000,000 bushels are

reported

lost in

prospects

during

the

month

in

Kansas,

5,000,000 bushels

in

Nebraska,

8,000,000

bushels

in

Washington,

and

6,000,000 bushels

in

Oregon.

Hay

and

-pasture.

—

The

unfavorable

weather has

also

retarded

the

growth

of grass.

The

condition

of

hay

crops

is

the

low-est

for

any June

1

since

1911

and

pastures

are

poorer

than

at

this

time

in

any

previous year

on

record

except

1907

and

1911.

Apples.

—

On

account

of

the

unusually

cool

weather during

May,

apples

were

so

much

less

advanced than

usual

on

June

1

that

itis difficult

to

make

accurate

comparisons with previous

years

and no

forecasts

of

production

have

been

made.

Pros-pects were,

however,

most

unusually

good

in

Maryland,

Virginia,

West

Virginia,

and

adjoining States.

In a

number

of

these

States

the

condition

of

apples

on

June

1

was

reported

as higher

than

on

any

previous

June

1 in

the

last

20

years or

more.

In

New

England,

it is

too early

for reliable

estimates,

but

prospects

appear

to

be

good.

In

New

York

prospects are

only

fair,

due

to

a spotty

bloom on

Baldwins, the

leading variety.

In

the

far

Northwestern

States,

where

the season

has

been

early,

and

frost

damage

very

severe,

the crop

will

be

light,

probably

about

three-fifths

as large as

last

year.

In

the State

of

Washington

the

June

1

condition

is

55%,

this

being

20

below the previous

low

record.

Peaches.

—

The

peach crop

in

the

South

and

East

is large.

With

the exception

of

Texas

all

important producing

States

in

the

South

and

Northeast

show

a prospective

production

of

S0%

or

more

of

a

full

crop;

on

the

other

hand,

in

the

North

Central

States

the

crop

is

reported

poor,

ranging

mostly

from

25%

to

45%

of

a

full

crop.

In

Colorado,

Utah,

and

California

the

peach crop

is

reported

good,

but

other

Western

States

expect

a

moderate

crop.

The

southern crop

is

assured

and

will

be

bountiful.

The

excellent prospects

in

the northeastern

States

are subject to

later

seasonal conditions.

The

poor

conditions

in

the

North

Central

States are

the

result of

freezes

and marked

improvement

can hardly be

expected.

Corn.

—

The

corn crop

is

backward.

The

cold

and wet

weather

of

the

spring

and

a

general

shortage

of

sunshine

that

have

pre-vailed

in

most

of

the

Corn

Belt

have

delayed

the

preparation

of

the

ground

and

retarded germination

of

the seed

and

the

growth

of

the plant.

Much

replanting

has

been

necessary

and

stands

are

poor

in

many

areas.

Except

in

a few Southern

States

and

one

or

two

States

in

northern

areas,

much

planting

remained

to

be

done

on

June

1

and

considerable

plowing

had

not

been

finished.

In

a usual

year the crop

is

practically

all

planted

by June

1.

Warm

weather

and

sunshine were needed

at

once

in

most

areas

if

growth

was

to

be

active

and

the

crop

to

mature

before

frost.

Prospects

for

an

acreage

up

to

earlier

intentions

were dubious

on June

1.

Taking

together

all

those

crops,

including

fruits,

whose

condition

is

estimated

in

June,

the

average

condition

on

June

1

was

only

92.7%

of

the

lOyear

average

of

these crops

on

that

date.

Tliisis

below

the

corresponding

June

average during

any

of

the

last

dozen

years

for

which

comparable

figures

are

avail-able. Itis,

however,

too early to

draw any

very

definite

con-clusions

regarding

total

crop

production

this

year,

for

no

forecasts

have

yet

been

made

of

corn, potatoes,

tobacco,

and

172

CROPS

AND

MARKETS

Vol.

1,

Supp.

3

Estimated Crop

Conditions

June

1,

1924,

with

Comparisons

1

State "Winterwheat Condition June1 10-yr. av. 1924 Con- di-tion

May

1 Production Springwheat 1923 subject tofinal revision in De-cember 1924forecastfrom condition

—

May

1 June1 Preliminary acreage, 1924 Per cent of 1923 Total Condition June1 Production 10-yr aver. 1021 1923, subject tofinal revision in De-cember 1924 forecast from condi-tion Oats Preliminary acreage, 1924 Per cent of 1923 Total Condition June1 10-yr. aver. 1924 Production 1923, subject to final revision in De-cember 1924 forecast from condi-tion

Maine

New

Hampshire. Vermont... Massachusetts

Rhode

Island

Connecticut-New

York

New

Jersey... Pennsylvania. Delaware Maryland.. Virginia

West

Virginia...

North

Carolina. South Carolina-Georgia. Florida-Ohio Indiana. Illinois.. Michigan.. Wisconsin.. Minnesota-Iowa Missouri.._

North

Dakota.. South

Dakota-Nebraska. Kansas

Kentucky

Tennessee-Alabama

Mississippi. Louisiana... Texas

Oklahoma.

Arkansas-Montana..

Wyoming..

Colorado...

New

Mexico. Arizona Utah..

Nevada

Idaho Washington.. Oergon California P.ct. P.ct. P.ct, 1,0001 lflOObus.1,000bus P.ct. 100 1,000 acres P.ct. P.ct. 90 1,000bus 156 1,000bus 130 100 94 Wi S7 87 . 87 85 7,895 1,480 24,168 1,908 10,426 11,145 2,964 6,038 1,925 1,739 6,903 1,297 20,246 1,481 7,429 8,197 2,091 4,720 1,403 6,937 1,331 20,451 1,525 7,558 8.871 2,121 4,8S3 1,535 759 264 218 170 SI UnitedStates 81 42,588 34,188 60,534 16,456 1,122 1,504 13,708 37,882 32,782 25,904 33,950 15,287 1,270 1,623 8,108 24,027 33,724 26,567 33,368 16,252 1,294 1,698 7,631 21,808 924 28.220 83,678 -7,688 4,508 200 60 1,204 46,586 134,092 3,743 2,620 118 28 1,139 41,439 113,210 3,773 2,718 140 26 95 110 100 58 1,438 34 3 7,436 2,325 282 14 195 60 1,972 120 848 19,281 644 65 58,660 25,982 3,168 126 130 58 1,177 103 828 16,8S9 449 32 67,460 21,739 2,750 121 84 90 16,370 36,300 770 12,546 225 12,720 4-16 1,092 2,945 77 11,004 37,015 21,725 16,157 17,235 44,238 573 12,328 286 27,142 1,790 796 2,494 73 7,549 28,640 19,755 4,253 16,289 43,930 561 12,724 284 26,359 1,672 813 1,654 70 6,185 20,606 13,722 3,692 84 100 87 2,737 134 330 53 90 90 39,940 2,560 5,280 854 36,128 2,291 6,156 954 114 16 580 1,000 230 3,621 430 19,

HI

24,728 5,082 2,616 359 10,500 9,690 2,818 P.ct. 100 101 98 95 100 90 92 87 95 95 105 94 93 45 94 101 102 106 99 102 103 100 110 115 106 100 115 102 95 95 115 110 107 105 115 110 104 103 85 108 110 100 43 1,000 acres 125 18 10 915 63 1,018 7 56 171 184 215 384 234 31 1,531 1,774 4,092 1,513 2,590 4,266 5,639 1,518 2,746 2,442 2,456 1,539 230 195 222 118 53 1,441 1,380 296 720 184 228 64 20 83 3 184 231 270 70 P.ct. 94 95 93 93 93 92 89 90 90 90 P.ct 92 1,000bus 4,625 675 3,080 315 32 290 32,747 1,632 33,930 182 1,758 3,586 4,704 5,082 10,728 9,378 396 52,302 48,692 135,100 48,896 92,166 153,254 203,004 34,500 54,924 78,336 81,048 34,922 4,725 4,305 4,792 2,280 1,232 47,040 24,000 6,187 22,209 5,950 6,336 1,160 570 3,062 106 7.S20 11,970 10,530 5,265 1,000 bus. 4,554 618 2,890 304 30 274 23,717 1,848 29,142 206 1,580 3,719 4,270 3,715 7,050 3,464 453 54,006 59,207 142,524 44,225 91,362 136,683 189,329 32,941 59,259 70,110 63,217 34,512 5,002 4,208 3,548 2,035 1,166 46,844 34,983 6,438 20,743 5,7% 6,922 1,670 699 2,855 99 5,787 8,668 7,560 1,496 74.0 572,340 553,013 509,319 90.1 16,920 92.0 82.3 213,401 1S3,831 101.9 41,625 83.0 1,299,S23 1,231,728

1_{CooperationincropreportingismaintainedbytheserviceoftheU.S.}

_Department

ofAgriculture

and

by

thatofthe Stateboard ofagriculture, ordepartment,or

com-missioner,orother State agency,asthe case

may

be, of

many

States,thusavoiding confusionthroughduplicationofcrop reportsand improvingtheiraccuracy.

The

list

ofStatesfollows:

New

EnglandStates,

New

York,

Now

Jersey,Pennsylvania,Ohio, Indiana,Michigan,Wisconsin,Minnesota, Iowa,Missouri,Kansas,Virginia,North

Carolina, Georgia,Alabama, Arkansas,

Montana,

Colorado,Utah,

and

California.

Condition

of

Cowpeas

and Soy

Beans

in

Southern

States,

June

1

Stata

Cowpeas

Soy beans

1923 1924 1923 1924 Virginia... Percent 84 88 85 83 88 77 75 80 85 80 Percent 80 82 79 79 86 76 74 82 80 78 Percent 84 92 84 82 87 75 77 78 85 75 Percent 84 NorthCarolina _ 86 SouthCarolina 80 Georgia 81 Florida 82

Alabama

81 Mississippi 80 Louisiana 85 84 Arkansas

Total,aboveStates 82.0 78.7 84.9 83.6

Area

of

Sugar

Cane,

1922-1924

1

State 1922 1923 1924' 1924 as percent-ageof 1923 SouthCarolina Acres 9,600 50,000 29,000 79,000 37,000 319,600 18,800 3,600 Acres 9,600 45,000 30,000 70,300 33,300 317,500 17,300 3,500 Acres 9,600 40,500 32,000 70,300 30,000 316,000 18,200 3,500 Percent 100 Georgia 90 Florida 107

Alabama

100 Mississippi 90 Louisiana 99 i 105 100 Total, 8States 546,600 526,500 520,100 99

1_{Sorghum, which}issometimescontused With sugar cane,isnot included.

June, 1924

_CROPS

_{AND MARKETS}

173

Estimated Crop Conditions

June

1,

1924,

with

Comparisons—

_Continued.

State Barley Preliminary acreage, 1924 Per cent of 1923

Maine.-New

Hampshire..

Vermont

Massachusetts

Ehode

Island Connecticut...

New

York.. .

New

Jersey .. Pennsylvania. Delaware Maryland., Virginia

West

Virginia...

North

Carolina. SouthCarolina.. Georgia. Florida. Ohio Indiana. Illinois.. Michigan.. Wisconsin.. Minnesota. Iowa Missouri... North Dakota-South

Dakota-Nebraska Kansas

Kentucky

Tennessee-Alabama

Mississippi. Louisiana... Texas

Oklahoma.

Arkansas... Montana...

Wyoming..

Colorado— .

New

Mexico. Arizona

Utah

Nevada

Idaho Washington. Oregon California— _ dnited States. Per cent 100 128

"93

106 115 105 105 110 96 100 100 100 102 112 96 105 90 65 85 100 115 115 115 120 110 103 110 102 110 125 110 46 95.6 Condition June1 Total 1,000 acres 3 1 243 ... 32 251 144 465 962 161 6 1,524 854 356 870 5 14 108 148 112 32 205 12 37 24 102 106 97 504 7,558 10-yr Per cent 95 94 94 1924 Production

Eye

Condition June1 Per cent 85 87 90 85 90.2 84 79.5 1923 subject tofinal revision in

Dec

1,000 bushels 90 26 261 5,092 ""269' 132 270 1,998 690 6,612 3,600 13,252 24,050 4,572 162 23,818 20,025 9,492 21,467 189 391 1924 forecast from condi-tion 1,000 bushels 73 25 250 5,144 118 310 2,036 704 7,455 3.110 12,964' 22,434 4,146 123 25,603 17.627 7,113 13,363 87 273 2,592 2,838 2,474 868 6,409 209 1,260 893 152 3,999 3,884 3.0S0 33,069 198,185 2,833 3,481 2,312 948 6,559 319 1,364 736 197 3,019 2,549 2,506 10,055 160,070 10-yr. aver-Per cent Per cent 95 84 85 83 1924 93 86 85 88.2 87. 4 Con-dition

May

1 Production Per cent 1923 subject to final revi-sion inDec 1,000 bmlieJs 90 945 1,157 3,655 269 504 100 603 74 180 1,302 4,186 3,450 6,538 5,062 12,312 923 325 10,046 3,496 1,584 348 234 200 12 204 444 2,112 312 24 "l25 266 361 555 63,023

Hay

(all) Clover

hay

Condition June1 1924 fore-cast from condi-tion 1,0 bushels

X

103 909 1,095 3,381 82 291 526 120 562 81 182 1,204 3,661 3,137 5,438 5,1S4 13,212 778 258 11,167 3,838 1,699 551 156 134 10 235 539 11 1,761 322 920 31 105 189 158 375 62,461 10-yr aver. Per cent 95 96 95 93 92 91 89 84 87 81 1023 Per cent 98 95 96 93 90 89 85 72 78 86 84.4 1924 Per cent 93 92 91 93 83.0 Con-dition

May

1. Per cent 91 93 91 91 Pre- limi-nary acre-age, 1924 ConditionJune1 1,000 acres 37 14 24 14 1 14 476 32 285 18 95 171 68 104 2 3 ~70(T 469 1,044 792 635 373 872 616 150 55 76 155 166 277 43 2 1 31 71 150 8,355 10-yr. aver Per cent 96 95 95 94 92 92 90 85 87 80 1923 84 Ss 82 88 Per cent 98 93 '.'4 93 91

Timothy

hay 1924 Per cent 90 89 85 92 93 95 89 86 87 95 87 91 87 SO 90 79.2 100 83.4 Pre- limi-nary acre-age, 1924 1,000 acres 144 61 102 71 43 1,313 76 916 10 81 107 234 1,267 744 904 659 561 573 709 1,142 v 162 126 19 84 208 104 51 20 10.790 Condition June1 1923 Per crnl 99 94 96 92 92 •so. 1924 Per cent 93 91 94 93 93 90 89 90 95 90 87 82 78 89 89 83 S3 87 82 8J 70 84 92 96 96 96 98 98 98 88 80 73 (.9 84.5

General Crop Conditions on

June

1

By

States

[100= 10-year average conditionforallreported cropsforeachState]

Maine

New

Hampshire.. P.ct. 98.3 . 9S.3 95.9 102.8 109.1 104.1 9S.0 107.8 99.0 111.0 103.8 108.2 103.7 .. 95.0 97.1 106.4 94.9 Ohio Illinois Michigan Wisconsin Minnesota

Iowa

..

North

Dakota

Nebraska P.ct. 97.3 97.7 91.0 98.8 95.3 94.3 91.0 87.2 93.6 89.5 .. 88.3 Texas

Oklahoma

Arkansas

Montana

Wvomine

Colorado

New

Mexico Arizona

Utah

Nevada

Idaho Washington California UnitedStates. P.ct. 97.0 94.7 83.1 Massachusetts ..

Ehode

Island Connecticut. 99.2 96.5 102.9 104.5

New

Jersey. Pennsylvania Delaware... 103.0 88.9 79.9 . 81.0 Virginia West. Virginia NorthCarolina. -SouthCarolina Georgia Florida Kansas Tennessee

Alabama

Mississippi Louisiana 89.0 91.9 88.4 .. 97.8 92.3 95.2 68.4 75.8 . 87.1 . 92.7

By

Crops

[100= 10-year average conditionforeachcrop]

Pineapples Peaches P.ct 125.0 114.8 108.4 106.6 105.6 104.8 101.1 99.7 99.1 96.1 Alfalfa

hay

Apricots Hay,all Melons Oats Plums. Lemons... Walnuts P.ct. 93.9 93.8 03.C 93.6 93.4 93.4 93.1 91.4 90.7 90.7 Prunes

Cotton—

—

Spring wheat Barlev r.ct. 90.3 90.1 89.5 SS.1 Apples Blackberries, etc.. Oranges Rve._ -Clover

hay

Almonds

Cherries Olives Average,all 88.1 S2.3 71.8 92.7

The

condition

of

barley,

79.5%

of

normal, on June

1,

compares

with a

10-year

average

of

90.2% and

indicates

a

forecast

of

21.2

bushels per

acre,

or

below the

5-year

average

of

24.0 bushels.

The

forecast

of

a

total

production

of

160,000,000 bushels

174

CROPS

AND

MARKETS

Vol.

1,

Supp.

6

Estimated Crop

Conditions

June

1,

1924,

with

Comparisons

—

Continued

State Clover

and

timothy

hay

mixed Pre- limi-nary acre-age, 1924 I

Maine..-New

Hampshire

-Vermont

Massachusetts. . .

Rhode

Island Connecticut

New

York

_.

New

Jersey Pennsylvania Delaware _

Maryland

Virginia

West

Virginia North Carolina-. SouthCarolina... 1,000 acres 604 171 539 145 16 82 2.279 141 24 137 330 286 Georgia. Florida .

Ohio—

. Indiana. Illinois.. 857 549 830 Con- di-tion June 1 Alfalfa

hay

Pre- limi-nary acre-age, 1924 1,000 acres Condition June1 10-year aver-age Per cent 93 921 I 87j 1 93; 1 93 Per cent 93 95 85 Michigan 1,101 Wisconsin 1,592 Minnesota.. Iowa Missouri

North

Dakota. South

Dakota-Nebraska Kansas

Kentucky

Tennessee.. Alabama... Mississippi . Louisiana. . Texas 1 183 19 35 701 1,330 1,012 20 92 84 87 184 192

Oklahoma

. Arkansas. .

Montana.

_

Wyoming..

Colorado...

New

Mexico . Arizona Utah...

Nevada.

Idaho Washington. Oregon California.._ L72 37 96 UnitedStates! 15,442 lil 107 166 217 160 253 187 625 1,210 903 52 26 22 19 22 60 384 76 550 546 859 90 141 463 124 611 223 253 981 85.4 10.217 '5 1923 1024 Per cent Per cent 92; Pasture Apples ConditionJune1 10 year aver age 94! 90' 94 85 90 91 92i 91 97 i 92 96 33 90 91 86 Per cent 93 93 93 93 92 92 91 87 90

M

-I) 87 .'_*: 92.3 92.5 86.7 90.6 84.8 I Per cent. 95 92 92 90 96 99 99 si 1024 Per cent 89 85 5 90 93 91 92 80 100 91 95 93 82.2 10-year aver 1923 192-1

Per Per Per

cent cent\cent

841 87j 85 83 ! 86! 84i 75 87 s". 851 S3 81 79 851 77 78l 73 Si' 64 64l 54! 50 55: 90 8-1 79 7-1 Peaches Condition June1 10-year aver-age Per cent 60 1023 1924 Per Per cent cent 90 10 95 74.0 80! 73 74: 84 81 60 66' 38 42 63.3 S6 60 84 Production 1923 subject to final revi-sion in

De

cem-ber 1,000 bus. 40 205 31 232 1,700 2,642 1.907 225 631 504 526 260 550 5,248 120 1.386 445 67.5 1,125 1924 fore-cast from condi tion 1,000 bus. 35 40 28 1.040 94 30 251 2..545 2.466 1,940 256 720 1.218 988 1.925 7.159 168 891 157 308 672, Pear3 Black-berries

and

raspberries

Melons

Condition June1 10-year-,_q^o aver L age Per cent 84; 82 80' ;i "\ 66i 651 47 -fi 1 u6| 4.5 38! 49| 63! Per cent 8C 92 86 80 82 32: i:0 66.7 72. 7 45 78 450 460 779 260 175 1,700 1,290 1,110 792 189 90 S02 282 1,333 500 15,830 4:5,702 10 199 1,08-5 1,865 1,451 821 346 3,040 2,052 2,458 104 405 200 13,584 2,514 1024 10-year aver 1023 Per Per cent cent 80 87 90 90 91 90 87 80 90 72 72 72 53 50 89 6S.6 M Per cent 86 90 87 83 85 84 82 91 93 95 92 92 90 1924 Per cent 90 96 10-3r_ear aver-age 1023 Per IPer cent]cent 831. 90, 93 93 95 92 94 94 93 S7 SO. 1 86 -s 81.2 79.2

Slrawberry Supply

and

Sources

New

York,

the leading eastern

market,

shows

average

un-loads

of

strawberries

approximating

1,800 cars

per year.

The

statistics

suggest

that

the

annual

consumption

of berries in

New

York

decreased

from

1918

to

1921 but

increased

in

1922

and

1923.

Florida strawberries

appear

in

that

city as

early as

January.

A

limited

number

of

carloads

come

from

Louisiana,

but

the heaviest

arrivals, as in

most

eastern

markets,

are

from

the Carolinas,

Virginia,

Maryland,

Delaware

and

New

Jersey

according

to

the progress

of

the season.

The peak

of

the

straw-berry

movement

to

New

York

is in

May

or

June,

and

by

the

end

of

July

this fruit is

no

longer

important

in

most

markets.

As

a

strawberry

consuming

center

Chicago

ranks

next

to

New

York

City.

The

annua!

carlol

supply

in

Chicago

increased

to 1,500

cars in

1921,

to

1,719

in

1922

and was

1,696

in

1923.

Sometimes

one-third

comes by

boat

from southwestern

Michi-gan during

the

latter

part

of

the season.

SourcesofSuoplyand Average Monthly UnloadsofStrawberriesat

New

Yorkand

Chicago, 1917-1921. NUMBERCABS UNLOADED 350

300

250 2J3 150 100 50

-N.Y.CITY.

STRAWBERRIES

1

CHICAGO

i\ I 1 rl \ i|5 1 \

V

»'. 1 '1 i 1 f] I t / '« I ' 1 / i l

i\

V 1 I : a i 1 \ 1 \ r-/ \ F. M.A. M. J. J. A. 5. O. N. D.J. F. M. A.M. J. J. A. S. O. N.

Q

mVA..MD..&DEL.

--

FLA.LA., N.C-,

—

FLA., LA.,ARK..KY., 3.

OTHERS

June, 1924

OROPS

AND

MARKETS

₁₇₅

Acreage

and

Production

of Specified

Truck

Crops

COMMERCIAL

ASPARAGUS,

LATE STATES

Acreage Yieldper acre Production

(000omitted)

State Harvested Revised

esti-mate, 1924 1922 1923 Indi-cated, 1922 1923 Esti-mated, 1922 1923 1924 1924 Late: California

(ex-cept Impe- Acres Acres Acres Crts. Crts. Crts. Crts. Crts. Crts.

rialValley)!.. 5,820 7,750 8,100 170 192 150 939 1,488 1,215 Delaware 440 510 720 64 80 70 28 41 50 Illinois 2,400 2,500 3,000 77 90 90 185 225 270 Iowa. 140 420 140 440 170 GOO 76 55 75 56 70 10 25 12

Maryland

55 23 50 150 190 250 80 90 60 12 17 15

New

Jersey 3,750 4,200 5,210 75 95 70 281 399 365

New

York

130 140 160 52 60 60 7 8 10 Pennsylvania.. 700 750 800 78 65 70 55 49 56 Total, late States 13,950 16,620 19,310 114 136 106 1,591 2,262 2,043

Previously

re-ported: Total,

early

States (Ga., S.

C,

and Imperial Val-leyinCalif.) . 3,440 4,450 6,100 78 66 86| 267 295 526 Total, early

and

late States 17,390 21,070 25,410 107 121 1011 1,858 2,587 2,569

TOMATOES

FOR TABLE CONSUMPTION, SECOND EARLY

STATES

Secondearly: 1

California.Im- Acres Acres Acres Busk. Bvsh. Bush.Bush.lBusli. Bush.

perialValley 1,130 1,200 950 103 188 150 1161 226 142 Georgia

„

400 460 5,600 75 80 85 301 37 476 Mississippi. - - 11,ISO 11,190 12,880 132 84 110 1,476! 940 1,417 South Caro-1.100 10,260 1,600 3,890 1,900 5,070 53 85 102 94 105 90 58 163 872 366 200 Texas: East.. 456 Other. 200 380 1,530 80 99 120 16| 38 184 Total, sec- . ondearly. 24,270 18,720 27,930 106 95 103 2,568 1,770 2,875 Previously re-ported:

Early-Florida— E. Coast South... 14,880 17,550 18,680 144 116 112 2,143 2,036 2,092

W.

Coast Dist 8,590 8,760 10,000 116 128 115 996 1,121 1,150 Otter 10,440 10,170 21,390 88 100 80 919 1,017 1,711 Texas,lower valley 970 1,640 2,280 44 72 71 43 118 162 Total, early. 34,880 38.120 52,350 118 113 98 4,101 4.292 5,115 Total,early and sec-ondearly. 59,150 56,840 80,280 113 107 100 6,669 6,062 7,990

COMMERCIAL STRAWBERRIES, INTERMEDIATE

STATES

Intermediate:

California: Cent,

and

No.

Dists...

Delaware Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas..

Kentucky

Maryland

Missouri

New

Jersey Total, interme-diate Previously reported:

Total, early(Ala.,

Fla.,La.,Miss., Tex.)

Total,secondearly.

Total,early,

sec-ondearly,and intermediate... Acres 2,340 6,040 3,370 1,780 2,950 300 4,520 8,890 9,990 5,650 44,830 17,600 47,9S0 110,410 Acres 2,120 6,100 3,410 2,000 3,300 400 5,080 10,420 10,560 5,500 48,890 23,510 51,920 Acres Qts. 1,7502,559 5, 620l2,080 3,480|l,6S0 1,980:1,800 3,_330J1,680 520 3,800 10,300 9,900 4,950 1,680 2,040 1,920 1,872 1,600 45,030 23,120 49,420 124,320118,170 s. Qts. 3,2832,200 2,4001,700 1,6001,700 1,9001,600 2,3001,700 1,892 1,88.5 2,101 1,982 2

cm

1,700 2,000 1,000 1,400 1,500 1,300 1,800 1,400 1.9G0 1,779 1,591 1,593

u

5,5 10,483|14,640 5,662 3,204 4,956 504 9,221 17,069 18,701 9,040 1,658 84,828 1,626 33,182 1,668100,793 1,656^18, 803 5,456 3,800 7,590 8,636 20,840 10,560 7,700 86,982 37,416 82,687 207,085 Qts. 3,850 9,554 5,916 3,168 5,661 780 4,940 18,540 13,860 9,405 75,674 37,596 82,423 195,693 1

_From

70%

to

78%

oftheproductionofasparagusinCaliforniais

consumed

by

canning firms. Itis estimated thatthe totalacreagein California, outside the

Imperial Valley,forthisyearis30,250 acres, compared with28,230acresin 1923and

21,220acresin 1922.

The

acreageforImperial Valleywas published withthe early

States.

Estimated

Preliminary

Acreage

of

Peas

for

Manufacture

in

1924,

Compared

with

Harvested

Acreage

in

1920-1923

State

Number

offirms reporting 1924 Acreagereported

by

samefirms Percentage ofincrease Prelim-inary total 1923 1924 acreage forI California No. 4 2 8 8 10 12 5 2 2 32 6 3 5 68 8 Acres 1,725 2,385 2.029 9,431 3,705 9,919 366 380 12,868 5,103 51.3 3,484 61,456 3,465 Acres 2,225 3,134 2,237 10,670 5,560 4,210 11,506 580 390 16,32S 5,648 543 4,855 70,369 4,992 Per 29 31 10 13 48 17 16 58 3 27 11 6 39 14 44 Acres 5.690 Colorado Delaware Illinois -1.270 11 520 Indiana 7 (_^Q Maryland.. . 9 4,, Michigan 12220 Minnesota o210

New

Jersey C30

New

York

. 42 490 Ohio Pennsylvania

Utah

10090540 Wisconsin J03920 OtherStates Total 174 120,483 143,247 20 . ': 750 State Total acreage 1920 1921 1922 1923 Acres 2,770 1,870 5,130 6,690 5,010 6.120 9,SCO 1.030 720 25,930 5,070 340 3.540 60,920 1,520 Acres 2.360 2.870 3,630 6,310 2,280 5,470 8,530 650 760 18,290 4,040 290 3,680 63,790 910 Acres 3,970 2,940 3,960 8,420 4,100 7, f>70 8,780 1.410 700 30,700 4,530 360 6,600 72,050 1,760 Acres 4,410 Illinois.. 10.190 4,760 S,050 10.530 610 Ohio 5,300 510

Utah

7.260 91. I'iO Total 136,520 123,860 158,010

Estimated Acreage

of

Commercial

'Watermelons

in

Early

States

and

Estimated Intended Acreage

in

Late

States

State Harvestedacreage Prelim -1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Early: Acres 6,450 500 !1,850 27,340 41,890 3,420 8,710 21,250 Acres 7,910 1,200 i 3,320 19,100 39,700 5,180 9,300 23,600 Acres 12,760 1.200 14.300 3S,080 66,550 5,100 15,710 25,500 Acres 7,130 900 3,400 30,880 42,410 4,730 11,200 24,920 Acres 8,5C0 1,000 California, Imperial

Co

3,800 2!>.330 42.S50 4.600 11,550 Texas Total,early 111,410 114,310 169,200 125,570 136.430 Late: 1,820 830 1,5S0 1,960 3.670 2.020 2,330 10,200 1,060 3,440 2,010 1,500 1,930 3,040 2,270 2,080 11,520 1,050 4,380 3,540 1,340 660 1,380 2,710 2,850 2,240 2.11)0 11,670 1,060 4,520 3,400 780 400 920 1,870 3,050 2,200 2,250 6,420 1,1C0 3.S50 2.4S0 Intended 1,030 420 1.090 2.470 2,840 2.610 5,260 1,350 2,010 Total,late 32,780 34.100 33,930 25,3S0 24.030

Total, earlyandlate.. 144,190 148,410 203,130 150,950 160,460

176

CROPS

AND

MARKETS

VoLl,-Supp.

6

Cost

of

Producing

Field

Crops,

1923

A

summary

of

11,23S

reports

from

farmers

all

over

the

United

States

on

the cost

of

producing

the

1923 crop

of

corn

shows an

average

cost

of

$0.68

per bushel; the

average

cost

of

producing

wheat on

7,852

farms

was

$1.'24

per bushel,

and

the

average

cost

of

producing

oats

on

8,481

farms

was

SO.

52

per

bushel.

Costs

for

these

crops are

shown by

geographical

divi-sions

as well as for the

United

States

in

the

accompanying

tables.

Cost

figures

were

also

reported

for

potatoes

and

cotton.

Since

potato production

is

common

on

most

farms

but commercially

is

confined to certain scattered

districts,

the

reports

having

an

acre or

less

were not

included,

and

the

re-maining

2,694 records

were

grouped

to

represent as nearly as

possible sections

of

the country having

similar

production

con-ditions.

While cotton

reports

were

received

from

2,519

farm-ers,

the

greater

number

of replies

were from

farmers

having

yields

considerably

above

the

average.

For

this

reason the

costs

are

shown by

yield

groups, rather

than

as

an

average

cost

for the entire

cotton

belt.

In

the cost

figures

are

included

charges for labor

of

the

farmer

and

his

family,

and

a charge

for

the use

of

the

land

on

a cash

rental

basis; so

that

if

the

cost

just

equaled

the

price,

the

farmer

was

paid

for his

time

and

his

investment.

A

more

complete

and

detailed

report

of

the

1923

costs

is

being

prepared

for

publication,

copies

of

which

may

be

ob-tained

by

applying

to

the

Division

of

Cost

of

Production,

Bureau

of

Agricultural

Economics.

This information

was

obtained

by

the

Bureau

of

Agricultural

Economics from

farmers

reporting

for

their

own

farms,

and

from

all

parts

of

the

United

States.

Similar

data

were obtained

for

the

1922

crops

of

corn,

wheat,

and

oats

and

the

results

were published

in

the issue

of

"Weather,

Crops,

and Markets"

for

September

1,

1923.

The

yields

on the farms

reporting, were,

in

general,

slightly

higher

than the

yields

reported

by

the Division

of

Crop and

Livestock

Estimates

of

the

United

States

Department

of

Agriculture;

also

the acreage

per

farm

for

each crop

was

greater

than

that

given

in

the census

for

1919.

The

indication

is

that

the

farmers

w

T

ere

somewhat

inclined to

give costs

on

only

the

crops

in

which

they

specialized,

which

would

result in

a

pro-portionately large

number

of

reports

on

corn

from

the

Corn

Belt,

on

wheat from

the

Wheat

Belt,

and

so

on;

in

other

words,

the

figures

are

probably

influenced to

a

greater

extent

by

com-mercial

than

by noncommercial

areas.

The

questionnaire

provided

for

auswers

from

each

farmer

on

every item

of cost,

on

yield,

acreage,

value

of

by-product,

and

sales

value

of

the

product

itself.

The

average

gross cost

of

producing

an

acre

of

corn

amounted

to $26.40;

with

a

credit of

$2.65

for

stover the net cost

of

pro-duction

was

$23.75

per

acre or $0.68

per bushel

for

a

yield

of

35

bushels

per

acre.

Fifty-three

per

cent

of

the

total

cost

was

for

the

work

of

preparing the

seed bed, planting, cultivating,

harvesting,

and

marketing;

fertilizer

and

manure

amounted

to

15

per

cent,

seed 2

per

cent,

land

rent

22 per

cent,

and

mis-cellaneous

items

such

as twine,

crop

insurance,

use

of

imple-ments, use

of

storage buildings

and

a charge

for

general

farm

overhead expense

amounted

to 8

per

cent.

The

average

sales

value

of

the corn

was

$0.81

per

bushel;

this

leaves

a

margin

of

$0.13

per

bushel

or $3.41

per

acre

above

the

cost, after

charging

for all

expenses, including

family

and

operator

labor

and

use

of

land.

1923

Cost

of

Producing

Corn,

Wheat,

Oats,

and

Potatoes

Averagesby Geographical Divisions

Crops and

geo-graphical di-visions

Num.

berof re-ports Acres per crop per farm Yield per acre (bus.)

Cost per acre

Credit per acre for by- prod-ucts

Net

cost Valueof

product Pre-pare and plant Culti-vate Har-vesti

Market

Misc. labor2 Ferti-lizer and manure. Seed

Land

rent Misc. costs:i Total Per acre Per bu. Per acre Per bu.

CORN

N.Atlantic S. Ulantic. E.N.Central

W.

N. Central... S.Central Western 815 1,655 2,714 3,312 2,2S5 457 10 28 34 58 35 34 47 30 44 35 24 29 $7.67 4.84 4.96 3.34 3.91 4.34 $5.23 3.97 3.27 2.43 3.66 2.28 $8.24 3.50 5.16 3.02 2.03 3.29 $3.59 2.44 2.39 2.02 2.21 2.59 $0.08 .08 .09 .13 .10 .99 $13. 39 5.08 4.82 1.78 2.19 1.47 $0.65 .45 .44 .38 .42 .46 $6.69 6.21 6.55 5.22 5.53 4.18 $3.67 2.64 2.32 1.83 2.29 2.00 $49.01 29.21 30.00 20.15 22.34 21.60 $8.28 3.64 3.23 1.34 1.16 2.58 $40.73 25.57 26.77 18.81 21.18 19.02 $0.87 .85 .61 .54 .88 .66 $44.92 29.91 31.03 21.95 22.94 22.10 $0.95 1.03 .72 .63 .98 .73 Xr_nit'ed States. 11,238 39 35 4.42 3.29 3.80 2.31 .14 3.90 .44 5.81 2.29 26.40 2.65 23.75 .68 27.16 .81

WHEAT

N.Atlantic S.Atlantic E.N.Central

W.

K.Central... S.Central.. Western 642 961 2,028 2,479 745 997 14 17 25 81 57 126 23 14 20 13 13 22 6.53 4.41 4.50 3.21 3.35 4.56 6.08 4.50 4.64 3.77 4.13 5.08 1.94 1.46 1.28 .95 1.14 1.79 .18 .23 .16 .18 .24 1.12 7.23 4.51 3.52 .83 1.66 .88 2.43 1.89 1.92 1.46 1.34 1.37 6.24 5.37 6.08 4.43 4.50 7.18 3.63 2.59 2.42 1.98 1.99 3.01 34.26 24.96 24.52 16.SI 18.35 24.99 5.S3 2.54 2.40 .64 1.19 1.04 28.43 22.42 22.12 16.17 17.16 23.95 1.24 1.60 1.It 1.24 1.32 1.09 24.65 17.57 19.68 11.61 13.32 19.39 1.09 1.27 .98 .90 1.04 .87 UnitedStates 7,852 57 17 4.14 4.47 1.28 .3) 2.58 1.69 5.99 2.42 22.88 1.86 21.02 1.24 16.61 .99

OATS

N.Atlantic. S.Atlantic. E.X.Central....

W.

N.Central._. S.Central Western 877 834 2.227 2,974 865 704 13 13 22 36 21 30 37 26 38 34 25 41 6.44 3.82 3.75 2.64 3.04 4.57 6.08 4.19 4.48 3.92 4.16 5.42 1.96 1.56 1.43 1.30 1.32 2.10 .22 !20 .19 .19 .21 1.21 4.26 3.00 1.39 ..54 1.00 1.03 2.02 1.63 1.37 1.16 1.31 1.36 5.69 5.07 5.95 4.65 4.25 5.53 3.49 2.17 2.33 2.01 1.88 3.12 30.16 21.64 20.89 16.41 17.17 24.34 5.27 2.50 2.68 1.10 1.33 1.60 24.89 19.14 18.21 15.31 15.S4 22.74 .67 .74 .48 .45 .63 .55 21.65 19.39 16.58 13.13 15.33 20.84 .58 .76 .44 .38 .61 .49 UnitedStates 8,481 26 35 3.64 4.47 1.47 .28 1.47 1.38 5.18 2.34 20.23 2.15 18.OS .52 10.38 .19

POTATOES

(white; Northeasternf_... Eastern5 574 231 112 407 964 S5 321 8 5 6 6 7 5 13 170 116 97 101 116 82 149 12.40 9.36 7.68 0.67 7.22 fi.53 8.73 0.88 5.04 4.16 3.78 3.86 3.06 4.27 14.83 10.16 6.85 8.14 9.06 6.53 13.03 11.97 9.28 6.56 6.37 7.32 5.73 10.27 4.73 2.06 1.52 1.88 2.65 1.32 2.97 25.13 16.65 18.87 5.27 6.43 . 7.89 4.78 14.05 12.42 15.98 10.01 6.13 12.84 8.62 9.03 10.76 7.30 7.44 5.40 6.37 8.42 6.97 5.29 6.91 3.00 3.64 4.07 8.64 105.99 81.02 75.83 52.56 51.71 54.94 69.73 .49 .56 .17 .08 .37 .18 .90 105.50 50.46 75.66 52.48 51.34 54.7(i 08.83 .62 .69 .7s .52 .It .67 .10 172.34 131.94 m,i 69 80.12 52.70 103.29 97.07 1.02 1.15 Southeasterns Central' 1.lit SI NorthCentral8_..

W.

8. Central>..

Western"

.17 1 12 .70

'Threshingforwheat andoatsisincludedunderharvesting.

'Includes miscellaneouslabor, irrigationmidwater, .sprayingand spraymaterial.

'S;,eksandtwine,crop insurance, useofimplements,useofstoragebuildingsandoverhead.

i_Maine,

_New

_{Hampshire,Vonnont,}

Massachusetts, Connecticut,

New

York,

New

Jersey,andPennsylvania.

«Maryland,Virginia,

West

Virginia,NorthCarolina,Kentucky, andTonnessee.

•SouthCarolina, Georgia. Florida,Alabama, andMississippi.

'Ohio, Indiana,Illinois,Iowa,Missouri,Kansas, and Nebraska.

'Michigan,Wisconsin,Minnesota,North Dakota, and South Dakota.

•Louisiana, Texas,Oklahoma, andArkansas.