For questions 1-8, read the text below and decide which answer (A, S, C or D) best fits each gap. There is an example at the beginning (0).

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11111 clue an example? u tion 7: Look at th e wo rd after the gap - only on of these wo rd s can be foll owed by 'as'.

Question 8: Look at the words after the gap. Only one of these words can be followed by an object and th en a verb in the infinitive.

Part 1

For questions 1- 8, read the text below and decide which answer (A, S, C or D) best fits each gap. There is an example at the beginning (0).

In the exam, mark your answers on the separate answer sheet. Example:

o

A bright B fa ir C keen

o

sharp

o

I.!.

B

=

= =

C D

Messages from the Stone Age

The incredible pre-historic Chauvet cave art in France is painted in (0) ... colours and dates back to a period around thirty thousand years ago when early humans first started to create rock art. Although various (1) .... .. .. of th is art have been found in caves in Western Europe, very few people have seen the art at Chauvet because it is located (2) .... .. .. inside an inaccessible underground cave system. Those who have seen it say that it is very impressive, showing animals (3) ... horses, rh inos and

I

cows, and that the artwork is good enough to (4) .. ... modern compositions.

The first scientists to (5) ... the Chauvet paintings missed some other important (6) ... .. however. The walls of the cave are also marked with a series of lines and symbols, that were initially (7) ... ... as insign ificant. But recent research has suggested that these marks may represent humankind's fi rst steps towards the development of writing, which is (8) ... people to reth ink their ideas about when written commun ication first started.

1 A ill ustrations B models C cases 0 examples

2 A deep B th ick C long 0 dense

3 A by means of B apart from C as we ll as 0 such as 4 A rival B compare C compete 0 oppose

5 A arrive B reach C meet 0 know

6 A instances B matters C details 0 issues 7 A believed B regarded C thought 0 ag reed 8 A resu lting B having C making 0 causing

Tip Strip

Question 9: A relative pronoun is needed here - it links the idea to the place .

Question 10: Which preposition is used after the phrase 'to get close'? Question 12: Which preposition wi ll create a phrasal verb meaning 'to understand'?

Question 15: Which verb combines w ith 'used to' to form a phrase mean ing 'become accustomed to'? Question 16: You are looking for a verb tha t is used with 'co ntact' .

Part 2

For questions 9-16, read the text below nd think f th word which best fits each gap. Use only one word in each gap. Th ere I n x mpl t th beginning (0). In the exam, write your answers IN CAPITAL LETTER

answer sheet.

Example:

I

A

I RI

E

I I I I I I I I IJ II I

1 1 IJ

Swimming with seals

The UK is home to half the world's population of grey seals and th r (0) ... ny local boat trips offering sightseeing tours out to the islands and sandb nk (9) ... the animals are most regularly found.

But if you really want to get close (10) ... ... the seals and understand som thin about their way of life, then you need to go on an underwater seal-watchin g trip . On these trips, you have the chance to go over the side of the boat and, equipp d (11) ... a wetsuit, mask and snorkel, spend time in the water alongside the an ima ls.

Seals are extremely inquisitive creatures and, once you're in the water, they will swim past you trying to work (1 2) ... who you are and (13) ... you're doing there. (14) ... they can appear shy at first, seals soon (15) ... used to you being in the water, and will come and play around you. Young pups especially like to (16) ... contact with divers, and often use their teeth, gently biting masks, fins and cameras out of curiosity. It can be a thrilling experience.

1/11 111111 I 1 1111 I 1II'I'd I I IIld I 11111 III 11 11', "id 111111 11 11 d 11 lIn , '1" I tI 1( : Acll 1'11'11 ,I word that 1111', 111', ' find ul' , C)1t4 tI n 22: The wo rd ylll l I1 \ cJ mea ns 'th e I I'opl who do science' .

u tion 24: Add .1 pi fi x to make this w rd negative.

For questions 17-24, read the text below, Use the word given in capitals at the end of some of the li nes to form a word that fits in the gap in the same line, There is an exa mple at the beginning (0).

In the exam, write your answers IN CAPITAL LETTERS on the separate answer sheet.

Brain

games

Accord ing to experts, doing puzzles keeps our brains fit and (0) """"'" HEALTH As well as gaining (17) " """ " from finding the correct answer SATISFY to a difficult problem, we give our brains a good workout in the

process, To help us do this, all sorts of hand held 'brain games' are now available in the shops, and the most (18) " ",. , ... games have sold in their millions.

What's more, people (19) ... that the more they play the games, the easier it is to find a (20) ... to the problems posed. They see this as proof that there has been an (21) ... .... .. . in the power of their brains. Unfortunately, however, this may be a false impression.

Some (22) .... .. .... argue that the brain gets better at any task the more often it is repeated. In other words, the improvement in the (23) ... of the brain is something that happens naturally. So although these brain games are obviously fun to play, it

remains (24) "" " "" whether they are actually helping to boost brainpower or not. SUCCESS COVER SOLVE IMPROVE SCIENCE PERFORM CERTAIN

Tip Strip

Question 25: You need

a phrase that crea tes a negative comparison with 'as'.

Question 26: 'Supposed'

is fo llowed by the infinitive with 'to ' .

Question 27: Use a preposition and a gerund after 'apologised'. Question 29: You need to turn 'disappointed' into a noun .

Part 4

For questions 25-30 , complete the second sent nce so th at it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word giv n. Do not ch ange the word given. You must use between two and five word , in ludlng th e word given. Here is an example (0).

Example:

o

What type of music do you like best? FAVOURITE

What ... .. type f mu I

?

The gap can be filled with the words 'is your favourite', so you writ

Example:

@J

IS YOUR FAVOURITE

In the exam, write only the missing words IN CAPITAL LETTERS on th e ep r to answer sheet.

25 Brad speaks English better than his parents do. AS

Brad's parents don 't ... .. ... ... ... I .... .. ... he does.

26 Cycling is not allowed in the park. SUPPOSED

you ... .... ... ... .... ... in the park.

27 'I'm sorry I didn't let you know I was going to be late, Ann,' said Jamie. APOLOGISED

Jamie ... .... ... ... ... .. .. ... ... .. Ann know that he was going to be late.

28 A heavy fall of snow prevented them from getting home that night. ABLE

They .. .. ... ... home that night because of a heavy fall of snow.

29 Ursula was disappointed not to win the competition . CAME

Not winning the competition ... ... .... .. ... ... ... ... .. to Ursula.

30 I paid far more money for my new computer than I expected to. SO

I didn't expect .. .. .. .. ... .... .. ... ... money for my new computer.

..

line 39

You are going to read an article about a woman's career. For questions 31-36, choose the answer (A, B, C or 0) which you th ink fits best according to the text. In the exam, mark your answers on the separate answer sheet.

A varied career

Chioe Kelling, a successful model and singer-songwriter, now has a new venture

I arrive for my interview with Chloe Kelling and I'm asked to wait in the garden. I hardly have time to start looking round at the carefully tended flowerbeds when Chloe appears. Every bit as tall and striking as I'd expected, Chloe emerges from the house wearing an oversized man's jacket, a delicately patterned top and jeans. Chloe is known for her slightly quirky sense of fashion and, of course, she looks great as she makes her way towards me through the flowerbeds.

'Let's talk in my office,' she says, leading the way not back to the house, but instead to an ancient caravan parked up next to it. As we climb inside the compact little van, the smell of fresh baking greets us. A tiny table is piled high with cupcakes, each iced in a different colour. Chloe's been busy, and there's a real sense of playing tea parties in a secret den! But what else should I have expected from a woman with such a varied and interesting career?

Chloe originally trained as a make-up artist, having left her home in the country at nineteen to try and make her name as a model in London, and soon got wo&: in adverts and the fashion business. 'I went to Japan to work for a short period, but felt very homesick at first,' she recalls. 'It was very demanding work and, though I met loads of nice people, it was too much to take in at nineteen. If I'd stayed longer, I might have settled in better.'

Alongside the modelling, Chloe was also beginning to make contacts in the music business. 'I'd been the typical kid, singing with a hairbrush in front of the mirror, dreaming of being a star one day,' she laughs. She joined a girl band which 'broke up before we got anywhere', before becoming the lead singer with the band Whoosh, which features on a best-selling clubbing album. Unusually though, Chloe also sings with two other bands, one based in Sweden and another in London, and each of these has a distinct style.

It was her work with Whoosh that originally led to Chloe's link with Sweden. She was offered a song-writing job there with a team that was responsible for songs for some major stars, but gradually became more involved in writing music for her own band.

Although she now divides her time between London and Sweden, her first stay there turned out to be much longer than she'd bargained for. 'The rooms are very tall over there and so people have these rather high beds that you climb up to,' she explains. 'I fell as I climbed up the ladder and cracked three ribs. Although the people at the hospital were very kind, I was stuck there for a while, which was very frustrating. Sneezing and laughing were so painful at first, let alone singing!'

It was while recovering from her injuries that Chloe hit upon the idea of staging what she calls vintage fairs . 'It was snowing in Sweden and I wanted something nice to look forward to.' Chloe had always loved vintage clothes, particularly from the 1950s, and decided to stage an event for others who shared her passion. The first fair was held in her home vill age and featured stalls selling all sorts of clothes and crafts dating back to the 1950s. It was a huge hit, with 300 people turning up.

'When I had the idea of the first fair, it was only meant to be a onc-off, but we had so many compliments, I decided to go ahead with more,' says Chloe. 'Th r 's something for all ages and people find old things have more character than stuff yo u buy in modern shops. It also fits perfectly with the idea of recycling.' Looking round Chloe's ar:lVa n, I can see what she means .

Tip Strip

Question 31: The answer

is in the first paragraph . Look for the sentence 'Chloe is known for her ... sense of fashion '. Which option has th e idea 'known for ' and a wo rd that means 'fashionab le' ?

Question 35: The piece

of text that talks about 'hospital' an d 'Sweden ' co ntains the answer.

Question 36: Find a

word or phrase in the option s that means the same as 'compliments' (l ine 39) .

31 In the first paragraph, the writer suggests that Chloe

A usually keeps people waiting . B is much taller than he expected . C lives up to her stylish reputation . D is surprisingly interested in flowers.

32 What do we learn about Chloe in the second paragraph?

A She's cooked something for her guest. B She's expecting some other visitors today. C She has no room in her house for an office. D She invites very few people into her caravan .

33 What does Chloe say about her trip to Japan?

A She soon got used to her life there. B She felt lonely most of the time there . C She wishes she'd done the work better. D She wasn't old enough to appreciate it fully.

34 In the fourth paragraph, we find out that Chloe A gave up modelling to become a singer. B had always had ambitions to be a singer.

C has now left the first successful band she joined . D sings in three bands that have a very similar sound.

35 Chloe ended up in hospital in Sweden after A breaking a rib whilst trying to move her bed. B hurting her leg in a fall from her bed. C falling off a ladder in her bedroom. D tripping over in her room at night.

36 What does Chloe say about her 'vintage fairs'?

A Her main aim is to raise awareness of environmental issues . B She has responded to positive feedback from customers. C Certain shops are now showing interest in the idea. D They are mostly popular with older people.

Part 6

to r ad an article about a boxer. Six sentences have been removed from the article. Choose nces A- G the one which fits each gap (37-42). There is one extra sentence which you do not

Inth exam, mark your answers on the separate answer sheet.

In defence of women's boxing

Lucy O'Connor thinks that women's boxing is widely misunderstood

Women's boxing is a new addition to the list of sports included at the Olympic Games. But according to Lucy O 'Connor, winner of various international competitions, it's still widely misunderstood - a situation that Lucy's hoping to change. After graduating, Lucy took up boxing on the advice of a sports coach, who thought it would improve her general fitness. But Lucy soon set her sights on competitions and it wasn't long before she was boxing at the National Championships, which she eventually went on to win.

As a result of her success, Lucy was accepted on to what the navy calls its 'elite sportsman's programme'.' 37' , . Every day now starts with a run at 7 a.m., followed by a skill and technique session or a strength and conditioning circuit. Come the afternoon, there are more aerobic workouts, before Lucy gets into the ring and practises with other elite boxers.

As with all competitors, diet is a huge part of Lucy's life. Since she first started boxing, she's had to shed twenty-eight kilos. Losing the last six, which took her into the flyweight category, required great determination. , 38 , , As she explains: 'I don't go out to party anymore. Thankfully, I'm married to my boxing coach, so at least I've got some sort of social life!' Lucy's husband boxed as a heavyweight himself and he's in her corner for all her domestic competitions.

Lucy's mum works as a buyer at a big department store, and Lucy has been testing out products for the store's

Tip Strip

Question 37: Look for the option that talks about Lucy's training . The text after the gap describes what she does to train .

Question 38: The text before the gap talks about a goal that Lucy achieved . Which option has a word with a si milar meaning to 'goal' ? The text after the gap talks about

III

TEST 1: READING AND USE OF ENGLISH

sports division. Whilst preparing for a recent international championship, Lucy wore a new titanium-based sports clothing range designed to improve circulation and aid recovery. , 39 , , But how does her family react to her taking part in competitions? 'Mum tends to admire me boxing from afar, but Dad just loves itl'

Lucy has clearly answered questions about safety concerns before and cites all the protective gear boxers strap on before a fight such as hand bandages, head guards, gum shields and much more. 'Amateur bpxing is not dangerous,' she says definitively. 'It's so safety-orientated and the rules are so stringent it's actually difficult to get hurt. We approach it more as a skill and point-scoring exercise, rather than as a fight.' 40' . " Boxers win points by landing the white knuckle part of their gloves on the opponent's scoring area - essentially the upper body and head - cleanly and with sufficient force. In five years of competitive boxing, Lucy's suffered only a few bruises and a broken thumb. And in response to those who think it's 'inappropriate' to see women boxing at the Olympics, Lucy is quick to point out that women have been competing in martial arts such as taekwondo and judo for years.' 41' ,

Her biggest concern is that people confuse amateur boxing competitions with professional fights, where the focus is more on aggression and hurting your opponents. 'Female amateur boxing is about showing skill, speed and stamina,' she says.' 42

I

,

'I find it so satisfYing to be changing people's opinion.'

the way Lucy lives. There's a word in the option that means thi s too .

Question 41: Look for the option that talks about women doing similar sports.

Question 42: Look for the option that contains a word that means 'to be wrong' .

A All that hard work certainly paid off and the competition itself brought out the best in Lucy.

B That's because in order to reach that target, she had to totally rethink her lifestyle.

C Having access to this space-age training kit was certainly an advantage .

o

If the sport was more in the public eye , then fewer people would make that mistake.

E Nobody compl ined ut women taking part in those events when it w s introduced.

F That's why I've always r rd d it girl's sport rea lly.

G What this meant, in effect, w able to train full-time.

TE ST 1: REA DI NG AN D USE O F ENG LIS H

a thinking

w

'Ill I lit I tI

', : I (Jok in

Ih' II I 1nl UI11 body

w llll llllqlllllhl k lr v I • '" ,/1 H/ ' Il l( nl

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r you.

C 11 Ion 48: Rea d th e

111 '01 Ildll f 11 four t exts. Whl h on ta lks about the 'I) gin nin g of a trip'? Can y u fi nd a phrase that is u d to express doubts? Question 50: Look at al l the pieces of text that tal k abo ut meeting people . Loo k for a phrase that says how simi lar the writer felt to these people.

Question 51: Look for another way of saying 'decision making '.

You are going to read a magazine article about students who travelled around Australia alone during their long summer vacation. For questions 43- 52, choose from the students (A- D). The students may be chosen more than once .

In the exam, mark your answers on the separate answer sheet.

Which student mentions ...

a daily activity that was not enjoyable alone? 43

' - - - ' - - - - '

a good way of keeping travel plans flexible? 44

' - - - ' - - - - '

appreciating not having to waste time organising practical details? 45

' - - - ' - - - - '

becoming more tolerant of other people? 46

' - - - ' - - - ' feeling better after keeping in touch with others? 47

' - - - ' - - - '

having doubts at the beginning of a trip? _{'-_...1....-_-'} 48

liking not having to agree an itinerary with others? _{'-_...1....-_-'} 49

meeting people with a similar outlook on life? 50

' - -- ' ' - - - '

missing having someone to help with decision-making? 51

the ad vi sability of going for the best accommodation you can afford? 52

Solo travel in Australia

A Phil Morston

I remember sitting in the plane thinking to myself: 'What have I let myself in for?' The first few days were scary: I was all on my own on the other side of the world with nothing planned. But I soon met up with people to travel with. Of course, some you get on with, others you don't. Some, for example, had every day planned out day in minute detail, when in practice things can change and it's great to have the freedom to go with the flow. And that's easy enough to do. You can take the Oz Experience bus down the west coast, jumping off whenever you want, then catching the next bus when you're ready to move on again. Being away for a year, you do occasionally get lonely. To cheer myself up, I'd sit down and write a fortnightly email home about everything I'd been up to.

B Leila Stuart

Without doubt, you meet all sorts of people when travelling alone. I even made a friend on the plane out there. Some people are keener to make friends than others, of course, but if someone's chosen to do the same type of trip as you, you've probably got lots of ideas in common. The advantages of a pre-planned tour are that you can get an agency to take care of all the arrangements, which can be time-consuming to do yourself - but it does mean that you're tied to a predetermined itinerary, which wouldn't suit everyone. There's also the safety aspect in terms of the places you visit often being very remote. If you go off trekking in the wilds of a foreign country alone, it could be difficult to get help if things went wrong.

C Danny Holt

Travelling sol I' ':Il ·s pp rt llllIU'S to 111 et

people. There's no Slit sLilllt · 1' ) 1' si arin the

experiences of the cl ay witll a 'Ol11pani o n, and being alone forces yO Ll to s · ·k S )l11 'o n ' out.

I'd never have met s many p ·opl · ir 1' 1 h 'n travelling with friends. T h r ,'s also th . wo n I 'rrul freedom to do what YOLl lik " wh 'n YOII lik ,

without having to convin ::l nyl () Iy th at il 's a good idea. However, there ar low llsi m 'al times are something I've never r all y gOI 10 (' I'il s

with in all the years I've travelled alo n '. 13111

my

advice would be to give solo travel a 10 il ';111

be very liberating. Maybe try a short tri p l() Iwg i 11

with, just in case it's not for you. An

cl

' I' Ihin ' is stay in the nicest places your budg t p 'rmil S.

Miserable hostels can really spoil a trip. An I ir you really are happy 'being anti-social, a pair or headphones can ensure the person in th n Xl

seat doesn't bore you to death on the plane!

D Kerry Winterton

Fun as it is, travelling solo also has its low points, including occasional loneliness and the pressure that you're under to make your own mind up about everything. I chose to travel alone because I wanted to do something different, but I did miss people from home, and sometimes fell out with other travellers I'd teamed up with along the way. But I learnt to accept that some people have different attitudes to mine; that you have to put

up with irritating people in hostels and accept not having as much privacy as you're used to at home. The best thing for me about travelling alone was that it was a brilliant experience that enhanced my independence and helped me feel more self-assured. I knew I was on my own, which made me make more effort to speak to people and by

doing so I made lots of great friends.

Test 1: Reading and Use of English

(page

6)

Part 1: Messages from the Stone Age

1 D: The other words do not make sense in this context. 2 A: Only the key collocates w ith 'inside'.

3 D: The other expressions do not introduce the idea of a list of examples.

4 A: The other wo rd s need to be followed by a preposition in this context.

5 B: Only the key gives the idea 'getting there for the first time'. 6 C: The other words do not make sense in the context. 7 B: Only B ca n be followed by'as'.

8 D: The other words are not fol lowed by 'people to' . Part 2: Swimming with sea ls

9 where: (relative pronoun) introduces a clause 10 to: (preposition) used after 'close'

11 w ith : (preposition) follows 'equipped' 12 out: follows 'work' as particle of ph rasal verb 13 what: (conjunction) introduces a subordinate clause 14 (Although)Though/While(Wh ilst): (Iinker) provides a contrast 15 get: completes the expression with 'used to'

16 make/ have: col locates with 'contact' Part 3: Brain games

17 satisfaction : verb to noun 18 successful: noun to adjecti ve 19 discover: verb to verb + prefix 20 solution: verb to noun 21 improvement: verb to noun 22 scientists: noun to plural noun 23 performance: verb to noun

24 uncertain: posit ive adjective to negative adjective Part 4

25 speak English as well as: co mparative form with adverb 26 are not supposed to cycle: passive form w ith infinitive verb 27 apologised for not letting: reporting verb w ith parallel expression 28 were not able to go/get: new subject with para llel expression 29 came as a disappointment: fixed expression w ith adjective to noun 30 to pay so much: comparative phrase with 'so'

Part 5: A varied career

31 C: Chlo is known for her slightly qui rky sense of fashion and, of co urse, she looks grea t

32 A: the smell of fr sh baking greets us ... Chloe's been busy 33 D: it was too much to take in at nineteen. If I'd stayed longer,

I might hav s ttled in b tter.

34 B: singing w ith hairbru sh in fro nt of the mirror, dream ing of being a star on d y

35 C: I fell as I climbed up th ladd r and cracked three ribs.

36 B: we had so many co mplim nts, I d cided to go ahead with more Part 6: In defence of wom en's boxing

37 G: 'What this meant' refers to being c pted on to the programme. 38 B: 'that ta rg et' refers to th e flyweig ht ca t gory.

39 C: 'this space-age training kit' ref rs to th titanium-based clothing range.

40 F: 'that's why' refers to 'We approach it mor as a skill and point-scoring exercise'.

41 E: 'those events' refers to 'martial arts such ta kwo ndo and judo'.

42 D: 'that mistake' refers to 'people confu se amat ur boxing co mpetitions wi th professional fights'.

Part 7: Solo travel in Australia

I

43 C: mea l times are something I've never rea lly got to grip with 44 A: it's great to have the freedom to go w ith the fl ow. 45 B: get an agency to take ca re of all the arrangem ents

46 D: I lea rnt to accept that some people ha ve different attitu des to mine

47 A: To cheer myself up, I'd sit down and write a fortnightly ema il home.

48 A: 'What have I let myself in for?'

49 C: do what you like .. . without ha ving to convince anybody that it's a good idea.

50 B: you've probably got lots of ideas in common.

51 D: the pressure that you're under to make your ow n mind up about everything.

52 C: stay in the nicest places you r budget permits.