SUPEROX-C™
SUPEROX-C™ AF
Illuminate Your Skin!
Extracted from Kakadu plum, the
world’s highest source of vitamin C
-Stimulates the expression of SVCT-I,
the vitamin C transporter of the skin
-Improves skin luminosity and
SUMMARY
INCI
NAME
Superox‐C™
Glycerin (1) (and) Water (2) (and) Alcohol Denat. (3) (and) Terminalia
Ferdinandiana Fruit Extract (4)
Superox‐C™ AF
Glycerin (1) (and) Water (2) (and) Terminalia Ferdinandiana Fruit Extract (3)
CAS
Superox‐C™
56‐81‐5 (1), 7732‐18‐5 (2), 64‐17‐5 (3), 1176234‐54‐0 (4)
Superox‐C™ AF
56‐81‐5 (1), 7732‐18‐5 (2), 1176234‐54‐0 (3)
EINECS
Superox‐C™
200‐289‐5 (1), 231‐791‐2 (2), 200‐578‐6 (3), ‐ (4)
Superox‐C™ AF
200‐289‐5 (1), 231‐791‐2 (2), ‐ (3)
O
RIGINExtracted from kakadu plum, the world’s higher source of fruit of vitamin C
C
OSMETICP
ROPERTIES Strong antioxidant activity
INTRODUCTION
Free radicals are an inevitable actor of tissular aging process. Daily aggressions from the environment (sun exposure, pollution, cigarette smoke and stress) induce the production of a huge amount of free radicals which overwhelm cellular antioxidant defenses and induced cellular stressed. Free radicals breakdown the skin matrix components (collagen & hyaluronic acid) and induce micro-inflammation. As a result, the appearance of aging signs is accelerated.
Furthermore, with age, the production of antioxidants in cells decreases. An additional supplementation is therefore needed to rebalance cell antioxidant defenses.
Inspired by the secret of Australian kakadu plum, Superox-C™ is a multifunctional active ingredient which boosts antioxidant defenses, enhances skin radiance, induces skin brightening and reduces the appearance of wrinkles to preserve the beauty of young looking skin.
KAKADU PLUM: A NATIVE AUSTRALIAN SUPERFRUIT
Origin of Kakadu Plum
Australia is the only country spanning an entire continent where unique mega-biodiversity has evolved isolated from the rest of the world. Australia is home to some of the world’s truly astonishing plant species. One of these is Terminalia ferdinandiana commonly known as Kakadu Plum. While the plant naturally occurs over a wide area in Northern Territory from Western Australia to Arnhem Land, the plant originally obtained its name from its prevalence in Kakadu National Park. This beautiful reserve is one of the wonders of Australia, spreading over almost 20,000 square kilometers in the tropical north, east of Darwin.
Superox-C™ is the perfect multifunctional plant-derived ingredient
which combines unique marketing
Kakadu plum (Terminalia ferdinandiana) belongs to the Combretaceae family and is a slender, small to medium-sized tree. The slender tree flowers in the pre-monsoon season to further mature into small yellow-green fruits in the rainy season. The fruit has a smooth skin, is 1.5-2 cm long with an ovoid shape and has a pleasant, acidic taste. Local people reportedly use it as bush food.1,2
Composition
Kakadu plum is annually exposed to an extremely high sun index (from 6 to 12) with extreme harmful rays due the thin ozone layer over Australia. Kakadu plum fruit has consequently developed a highly efficient self-defense system composed of various powerful anti-antioxidant molecules. In fact, kakadu plum is the world’s highest source of vitamin C corresponding to 100 times more than an orange. It also contains vitamin E & A and polyphenols (mainly gallic and ellagic acids) known for their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties.
Traditional usage of Kakadu plum
Many of the plants in the region have been traditionally used by Aboriginals as bush foods, medicines and weaving materials. Terminalia ferdinandiana (Kakadu plum) is one of the most popular among these
unique plants.
Australian Aboriginal people were incredibly clever gatherers. All based on thousands of years of experiences in harsh environments and knowledge passed through generations, they knew how to exploit the properties of the plants. Early European explorers of the continent described the diet of the Aboriginal at least as healthy as in a modern society.
Aborigines have lived in the Kakadu park area for tens of thousands of years. As nutrient-rich fruits, Kakadu plums have been a traditional source of bush tucker for this people and were eaten during long treks or hunting trips. They also pound the fruit and used it as an antiseptic and a soothing balm for aching limbs. This biodiversity reservoir has many secrets to deliver such as this unique fruit also known as gubinge, billy goat plum or murunga
SUPEROX-C™
Superox-C™ are produced from sustainable source of Kakadu plum carefully hand pick and extracted through a gentle water-based process (Phyto-Cross™ process) preserving the quality of the antioxidant components.
PROTECT THE SKIN TO OXIDATIVE STRESS WITH SUPEROX-C™
Free radicals and oxidative stress
another electron repeating the process. Although free radicals are useful for cell metabolism in low quantities, they are controlled naturally by a cellular self-defense system implying several types of antioxidants with scavenging properties. Some antioxidants are produced by human organism (glutathione, enzymes, etc.) and others are brought by food diet (polyphenols, flavonoids, vitamins, oligo-elements, etc.). If free radicals are not neutralized, they induce several successive redox biochemical reactions leading to skin damage at several levels (disorganization of cell membrane structure, protein oxidation, lipoperoxidation, DNA destruction,…). At a tissular level, it induces an acceleration of skin aging, inflammation and pigmentation disorder. In order to avoid free radical-induced damages, a balance between free radicals amount and their inactivation by antioxidants is required. If the free radicals amount increases or if the antioxidant level decreases, a disequilibrium occurs leading to a free radical excess called oxidative stress. Oxidative stress is responsible for acceleration of aging by degrading skin components.
Over age, the production of antioxidants in cells decreases and it is important to compensate with additional supplementation to avoid oxidative stress-induced skin aging.
Oxidative stress-induced skin damage
Collagen I and hyaluronic acid are major constituents of the extracellular matrix of the dermis. Hyaluronic acid brings consistency to skin and contributes to its plump aspect, while collagen I is the basis for tissue structure, reinforcing dermis matrix for a maximal skin support. Polymer of several units of sugars (GAG), hyaluronic acid is highly sensitive to free radicals which induce a depolymerisation of this long chain leading to a loss of the viscosity and consistency. Collagen also can be disorganized by free radicals leading to a fiber breakage responsible for the appearance of premature aging.
By breaking skin matrix, free radicals are largely involved in the loss of skin consistency and firmness leading to an increase for wrinkles appearance.
Superox-C™ reduces oxidative stress by enhancing the vitamin C transporter SVCT-I
ANTIOXIDANT EFFICACY
FREE RADICAL SCAVENGING ACTIVITY: DPPH TEST
INTRODUCTION
There is considerable evidence that free radicals induce oxidative damage to biomolecules. This damage causes aging, accelerates inflammation and severe other diseases.
Antioxidants which scavenge free radicals are known to possess an important role in preventing these free radical scavenging conditions.
OBJECTIVE
The objective of this study was to evaluate the capacity of Superox-C™ to scavenge free radicals using the DPPH methodology.
PROTOCOL
Principle
Free radicals scavenging capacity of Superox-C™ was evaluated by DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl) test1.
The DPPH assay is commonly used as a simple test of free radical scavenging ability in the food industry and is regarded as reproducible and accurate2.
A simple method has been developed to determine the antioxidant activity. The odd electron in the DPPH free radical gives a strong absorption maximum at 517 nm and is purple in color. The color turns from purple to
yellow as the molar absorptivity of the DPPH radical at 517 nm reduces from 9660 to 1640 when the odd electron
of DPPH radical becomes paired with a hydrogen from a free radical scavenging antioxidant to form the reduced DPPH-H. The resulting decolorization is stoichiometric with respect to number of electrons captured.
Materials
Superox-C™ was used at several concentrations from 0.05%, 0.1% and 0.2% while Trolox® served as a positive control.
Evaluation of activity
A DPPH solution (10-4M) was incubated during 30 minutes and 24 hours in the presence and absence of
Superox-C™ or Trolox®. At the end of the incubation period, anti-radical scavenging activity was evaluated by measuring the absorbance at 540 nm of the reaction medium.
Results analysis
For each condition, antioxidant activity was calculated with the following formula:
% efficacy ([x],t) = (1-[(A[x],t – min (A[t+],t))/(max (A[t-],t – min (A[t+],t))]) x 100
Free DPPH Scavenge DPPH
RESULTS
As shown in the figure above, addition of Superox-C™ demonstrates a strong and dose-dependent free-radical scavenging activity. A concentration of 0.2%, Superox-C™ significantly scavenges free radicals (from 54% to 79% depending on time).
CONCLUSION
Superox-C™ is an efficient free radical scavenger which reduces oxidative stress allowing a better control of deleterious effect of free radicals. Oxidative stress-induced skin damage is thus reduced.
SUPEROX-C™ INDUCES THE STIMULATION OF THE VITAMIN C TRANSPORTER SVCT-I
IN HUMAN KERATINOCYTES
INTRODUCTION
Vitamin C plays an essential role in preserving the skin young and healthy3. This potent active molecule is
well-known for its multiple actions. It is a strong antioxidant agent which protects the skin from oxidative stress by neutralizing free radicals-induced skin damages. Vitamin C also induces collagen biosynthesis in both young and aged skin. Moreover, vitamin C is an anti-inflammatory agent known to prevent post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation and exert brightening effect by interrupting the key steps of melanogenesis.
All these remarkable effects rely on the skin capacity to transport vitamin C through the skin layers. Sodium-dependant Vitamin C Transporter Type-I (SVCT-I) mainly expressed on the cell membrane of keratinocytes, plays a crucial role in the vitamin C distribution across the epidermal layers and down to the dermis4. Advance studies
showed that its effectiveness is very sensitive to environmental stress. It has been reported that UV radiation dramatically decreases SVCT-I expression and vitamin C distribution resulting in an attenuation of the sought-after effect5. The evidences suggest that supplementing a cream made of vitamin C by SVCT-I stimulating agent
helps maximize its skin care benefits.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of Superox-C™ on the stimulation of SVCT-1 expression in human keratinocytes.
PROTOCOL
Tested molecules
Superox-C™ was tested at concentrations of 0.05%, 0.1% and 0.2%. FeCl3 (10mM) was used as a positive control.
Method
Primary cell culture of human keratinocytes was incubated for 24 hours à 37oC with Superox-C™ or the positive control.
RESULTS
In the present study, Superox-C™ dose-dependently stimulated the synthesis of SVCT-I in keratinocytes. Following 24 hours of incubation in presence of Superox-C™, SVCT-I expression was increased by + 38% at 0.1% and + 106% at 0.2%.
CONCLUSION
STIMULATION OF PRO-COLLAGEN I SYNTHESIS BY SUPEROX-C™
IN NORMAL HUMAN DERMIS FIBROBLASTS
INTRODUCTION
Collagens represent a family of proteins strongly implicated in skin mechanical properties. Collagens
confer to the skin resistance thanks to their role in junctions systems. Pro-collagen I is the precursor of
the type I collagen which constitutes conjunctive tissues. As people age, collagen usually depletes,
resulting in wrinkled or stretched out skin.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to determine the effects of Superox-C™ on the stimulation of pro-collagen I
synthesis in normal human dermis fibroblasts (NHDF).
PROTOCOL
MATERIAL AND METHOD
Tested molecules: Superox-C™ was tested at the following concentrations: 0.05, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.4 %.
TGF-β was chosen as a positive control and was tested at 10 ng/mL (Sigma T7039).
Biological material
NHDF are fibroblasts isolated from normal human dermis and maintained in a specific medium
composed of DMEM (Eurobio, CMODME70-08) containing 10% fetal calf serum (Eurobio, CVFSV00-0U),
1% antibiotics (penicillin / streptomycin, Eurobio, CABPES01-OU) and 1% L-glutamine (Eurobio,
CSTGLUOO-OU) at 37°C under 5% CO2 and 95 % humidity.
Method
The results are indicated according to the quantity of the synthetized pro-collagen I reported to the
concentration of the molecule tested (TGF-β or Superox-C™) and to cellular viability.
RESULTS
TGF-β stimulated the synthesis of pro-collagen I which validates the test. We observed a strong and
dose-dependent stimulation of the pro-collagen I synthesis by Superox-C™.
CONCLUSION
Superox-C™ induces a dose-dependent synthesis of pro-collagen I, a precursor of collagen in human
fibroblasts.
STIMULATION OF HYALURONIC ACID BY SUPEROX-C™
IN NORMAL HUMAN DERMIS FIBROBLASTS
INTRODUCTION
Hyaluronic acid is an anionic, non-sulfated glycosaminoglycan distributed widely throughout
connective, epithelial, and neural tissues. It is one of the chief components of the extracellular matrix
known to permit the skin to be moisturized and plumped.
OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study was to determine the effects of Superox-C™ on the stimulation of hyaluronic acid
synthesis in human fibroblasts.
PROTOCOL
Tested molecules
Superox-C™ was tested at 0.05% and 0.2% concentrations. TGF-β was used as a positive control at 1
ng/mL (Sigma T7039).
Biological material
NHDF are fibroblasts isolated from normal human dermis in monolayer culture. The culture was realized
with DMEM containing 10% fetal calf serum, 1% antibiotics (penicillin/ streptomycin) and 1%
L-glutamine at 37°C under 5% CO2 and 95% humidity.
Method
RESULTS
TGF-β stimulated the synthesis of hyaluronic acid which validates the test. Superox-C™ significantly
stimulated hyaluronic acid synthesis in a dose-dependent manner, and in better efficacy than the
positive control at 0.2%.
CONCLUSION
STIMULATION OF SYNDECAN-I BY SUPEROX-C™ IN NORMAL
HUMAN DERMIS FIBROBLASTS
INTRODUCTION
Syndecan-I is a transmembrane heparin sulfate proteoglycan strongly expressed in kerationocytes. The
molecule has multiple functions: it serves as a co-receptor for growth factors and binds to extracellular
matrices molecules to provide structural support. Syndecan-I is reduced with aged skin
6.
OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study was to determine the effects of Superox-C™ on the stimulation of syndecan-I in
human fibroblasts.
PROTOCOL
Tested molecules
Superox-C™ was tested at 0.2% and 0.4% concentrations. TGF-β was used as a positive control at 10
ng/mL (Sigma T7039).
Biological material
Human keratinocytes (NTC 2544) were grown in monolayer culture. The culture was realized with
DMEM containing 10% fetal calf serum, 1% antibiotics (penicillin/ streptomycin) and 1% L-glutamine at
37°C under 5% CO2 and 95% humidity.
Method
RESULTS
TGF-β stimulated the synthesis of syndecan-I which validates the test. Superox-C™ stimulated
syndecan-I synthesis in a dose-dependent manner.
CONCLUSION
EVALUATION OF THE ANTI-WRINKLE EFFICACY
Skin topography by Blue Laser Scan VISIO-3D (DermaTOP-V3®)
OBJECTIVE
The objective of this study was to evaluate the in vivo anti-wrinkle and anti-fine line effect of Superox-C™ in comparison with a placebo after 30 days of a twice-daily use.
The in vivo study of the cutaneous surface parameters characterizes wrinkles using the Visio3D DermaTOP-blue system (Eotech, France).
PROTOCOL
Subjects: 20 healthy volunteers aged 35 to 55 years (mean age = 47) were enrolled in this study.
Test conditions: For 30 days the volunteers applied a cream containing either 2% Superox-C™ or a placebo
(double blind study). The trial emulsion and the placebo emulsion were applied on one side of the face for one product and on the other side for the other product, twice daily in the morning and evening. No sunscreen was used.
The trial started on the 20th of September and ended on October 29th, 2013.
Clinical trial
The measurements with DermaTOP-blue were performed on the crow’s feet area before and 30 days after the twice daily application of the product and placebo.
The analysis of the skin surface topography was made using an innovative image analysis with no need of replication and allows the different parameters of the anti-wrinkle efficacy evaluation to be captured.
One of the most representative parameters for the anti-wrinkle evaluation is Rz:
- Rz (mm): average maximum profile height difference that represents the average of the different segment roughness calculated from 5 succeeding measurement segments of the same length. In contrast to the other profile roughness parameters Rz is not that much influenced by artifacts due to calculating the average.
𝐑𝐑𝐑𝐑 =𝐑𝐑𝐳𝐳 + 𝐑𝐑𝐳𝐳 + 𝐑𝐑𝐳𝐳 + 𝐑𝐑𝐳𝐳 + 𝐑𝐑𝐳𝐳𝐳𝐳
Statistical analysis
The distribution of the values obtained during the measurements at the various experimental times was compared with intra-group analysis (Day 0 versus Day 15 and 30) using Student’s t test.
RESULTS
Results presented here after show the mean of Rz parameter at the 3 different times (day 0, after 15 and 30 days of treatment) with the emulsion containing 2% Superox-C™ or the placebo emulsion.
The Rz reduced by a mean value equal to 5% after 15 days (D15) of twice application of the Superox-C™ and by a mean value equal to 11% after 30 days (D30) application of the product, while in the skin area treated with placebo Rz increased by a mean value equal to 0.5% after 15 days (D15) of application of the product and by a mean value equal to 1.4% after 30 days (D30) of application of the product. On the best volunteer, Superox-C™ showed a reduction of up to -21% after D15 and up to -38% after D30.
The variations concerning the Superox-C™ resulted statistically significant vs D0 (p<0.05) while the variations concerning the placebo didn’t result statistically significant vs D0 (p>0,05).
The significant reduction of this parameter related to the area treated with the active product indicates an increase in the skin smoothness consequent to a skin roughness decrease.
llustrations:
(55 years old)
(47 years old)
Day 0 Day 30
EVALUATION OF THE SKIN RADIANCE
Spectrocolorimeter and Gloss Value determination
OBJECTIVE
The objective of this study was to evaluate the skin radiance (gloss value) improvement effect of the Superox-C™ formulated at 2% in a cosmetic emulsion and compared to a placebo emulsion on 20 female subjects showing dull skin.
PROTOCOL
Subjects: 20 healthy volunteers (mean age of 37 years) with dull skin, phototype II and III were enrolled
in this study.
Test conditions: For 30 days the volunteers applied an emulsion containing either 2% Superox-C™ or a
placebo (double blind study).
The trial emulsion and the placebo emulsion were applied on one side of the face for one product and on the other side for the other product, twice daily in the morning and evening. No sunscreen was used.
Clinical trial
The skin radiance (gloss value parameter) will be evaluated at D0, D15 and D30 on the skin of the face, on both right and left half face.
Gloss value is the ability of the skin to reflect the light and it is measured using the spectrophotometer/colorimeter CM-700D (Konica-Minolta). The instrument emits diffuse light that reaches the skin through an opening located at the extreme of the lighting sphere. A sensor located at 8° compared to the vertical axis of the opening detects then the reflected light and calculates a parameter known as "gloss" (Figure 1). The gloss value is used in the management of the brilliance of the color.
Statistical analysis
Data are submitted to the bilateral t-test Student. The statistical significances are reported in the graphs as follows:
Not significant p>0.05 Significant p<0.05
RESULTS
The skin gloss value was measured at D0, after 15 and 30 days treatment and the values obtained at D15 and D30 were compared versus T0 and versus placebo emulsion.
As data show, the use of the Superox-C™ emulsion results in a statistically significant improvement in gloss parameter, at each experimental monitored time (D15 and D30). This variation is significant both compared to baseline and the placebo treated area. On the best volunter, Superox-C™ showed to induce skin luminosity up to 21% after 15 days and up to 30% after 30 days.
EVALUATION OF SKIN BRIGHTENING & SKIN TONE
EVENNESS IMPROVEMENT
OBJECTIVE
The objective of this study was to evaluate the skin brightening and overall skin tone improvement of Superox-C™ formulated at 2% in a cosmetic emulsion and compared to a placebo emulsion.
PROTOCOL
From the previous clinical study on skin radiance, color and homogeneity analysis were performed on the best volunteer using cross-polarized pictures. The parameters measured were L*, a* and b* at D30 after twice daily application of an emulsion with 2% Superox-C™. The whiteness of the skin was assess by IWANewtone, an index
developed by Newton Technologies.
RESULTS
After only on month, the emulsion containing 2% of Superox-C™ produced;
•
+ 1.7% skin brightening
induction (IWA* Newtones)
•
-2.2% skin redness reduction
(a*)
CONCLUSION
Superox-C™ is a kakadu plum extract, a unique superfruit known as the world’s richest source of vitamin c. It reinforces cell antioxidant defenses for a better protection against oxidative stress-induced damage. By stimulating hyaluronic acid and pro-collagen I synthesis, skin youthfulness is preserved with a decrease in the appearance of wrinkles. By stimulating the vitamin C transporter SVCT-I, Superox-C™ induces skin brightening and boosts skin radiance for a glowing complexion.
COSMETIC APPLICATIONS
• Anti-aging
• Anti-wrinkle • Radiant care• Skin protection • Daily care• Sun and after sun care • Men care
With regard with Superox-C™ (active ingredient from kakadu plum)-related intellectual property, please be advised that a patent family was published in 2007 and granted in certain countries (e.g., in European countries in May 2015) that may limit the use, sale (including advertising) and/or making of Superox-C™ in certain jurisdictions.
For instance, the European patent of this family is: EP1981513 COMPOSITIONS COMPRISING
KAKADU PLUM EXTRACT OR ACAI BERRY EXTRACT.
This patent includes the following claim: A cosmetic method for treating or preventing a skin condition
comprising topically applying a topical skin care composition comprising kakadu plum extract and/or acai berry extract on the skin, wherein the skin condition is a fine line or wrinkle.
Please note that Superox-C™ stimulates the expression of SVCT-1 (vitamin C transporter of the skin) which is responsible for its improvement in skin luminosity, skin radiance, brightening and overall skin tone evenness. There may be uses of Superox-C™ or of products comprising same not covered by patents and patent applications of the above-mentioned patent family. Note that the status and scope of patents and patent applications evolve over time. Please seek the advice of legal counsel of your choice before acting upon any information provided herein. In particular, please seek legal counsel to assist you in reviewing, at the relevant times, any intended use, advertising or packaging materials in each intended market for products containing Superox-C™.
FORMULATION
Glossy Skin Serum 13.322.01 C148
This elegant gel-cream serum is formulated with Ecogel™ providing an ultra-soft and
silicone-like skin feel. It is enriched with Superox-C™, a Kakadu plum extract. It is a
unique superfruit naturally rich in vitamin C and polyphenols. Superox-C™ fights
oxidative stress-induced damages to decrease wrinkles and improve skin glossiness for a
radiant complexion. WildBerry Harvest™ is added for instant and long term
moisturizing effect.
* = Distributed in France by Lucas Meyer Cosmetics and Unipex Solutions.
Manufacturing Procedure:
1. Heat A and B up to 70°C. Keep A under medium stirring for 20 minutes to hydrate phospholipids. 2. Add B into A under maximum stirring and maintain stirring rate for 3 minutes to emulsify. 3. Cool down under medium stirring.
1 Choi, H.S., Song, H.S., Ukeda, H., Sawamura, M. Radical scavenging activities of citrus essential oils and their components:
detection using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl. J. Agric. Food Chem.
2 Rittié L, Fisher GJ. UV-light-induced signal cascades and skin aging. Ageing Res Rev. 2002 Sep;1(4):705-20. 3 Telang P.S. Vitamin C in dermatology. Indian Dermatol Online J. 2013 Apr;4(2):143-6.
4 Burzle M and Hediger M.A. Functional and physiological role of vitamin C transporters. Curr Top Membr. 2012;70:357-75 5 Steiling H1, Longet K, Moodycliffe A, Mansourian R, Bertschy E, Smola H, Mauch C, Williamson G. Sodium-dependent
