www.iihs.org
Vehicle Safety: Where It’s
Been and Where It’s heading
Washington Automotive Press Association
Washington, D.C.
●
January 15, 2015
Adrian K. Lund, Ph.D.
President, IIHS and HLDI
50
th
Anniversary crash test
www.iihs.org
Who are we?
The Insurance Institute for Highway Safety
,
founded in 1959, is an independent, nonprofit, scientific, and
educational organization dedicated to reducing the losses —
deaths, injuries, and property damage — from crashes on the
nation’s roads.
The Highway Loss Data Institute
,
founded in 1972, shares and supports this mission through
scientific studies of insurance data representing the human
and economic losses resulting from the ownership and
operation of different types of vehicles and by publishing
insurance loss results by vehicle make and model.
IIHS members write 85% of private passenger market
• Acceptance Insurance
• ACE Private Risk Services
• Affirmative Insurance
• Alfa Alliance Insurance Corporation
• Alfa Insurance
• Allstate Insurance Group
• American Family Mutual Insurance
• American National Property and Casualty Company
• Ameriprise Auto & Home
• Amica Mutual Insurance Company
• Auto Club Enterprises
• Auto Club Group
• Auto-Owners Insurance
• Aviva Insurance
• Bankers Insurance Group
• Bituminous Insurance Companies
• California Casualty Group
• California State Auto Group
• Capital Insurance Group
• Chubb & Son
• Colorado Farm Bureau Mutual Insurance Company
• Commonwealth Mutual Insurance Company of America
• Concord Group Insurance Companies
• COUNTRY Financial
• CSAA Insurance Group
• CSE Insurance Group
• Direct General Corporation
• Frankenmuth Insurance
• Freestone Insurance Company
• Gainsco Insurance
• GEICO Group
• The General Insurance
• Georgia Farm Bureau Mutual Insurance Company
• Goodville Mutual Casualty Company
• Grange Insurance
• Hallmark Insurance Company
• Hanover Insurance Group
• The Hartford
• Haulers Insurance Company, Inc.
• Horace Mann Insurance Companies
• ICW Group
• Imperial Fire & Casualty Insurance Company
• Indiana Farmers Mutual Insurance Company
• Infinity Property & Casualty
• Kemper Preferred
• Kentucky Farm Bureau Insurance
• Liberty Mutual Insurance Company
• Louisiana Farm Bureau Mutual Insurance Company
• Maryland Automobile Insurance Fund
• Mercury Insurance Group
• MetLife Auto & Home
• Michigan Millers Mutual Insurance Company
• MiddleOak
• Mississippi Farm Bureau Casualty Insurance Company
• Old American County Mutual Fire Insurance
• Old American Indemnity Company
• Oregon Mutual Insurance
• Pekin Insurance
• PEMCO Insurance
• Plymouth Rock Assurance
• Progressive Corporation
• QBE
• The Responsive Auto Insurance Company
• Rockingham Group
• Safe Auto Insurance
• Safeco Insurance
• Samsung Fire & Marine Insurance Company
• SECURA Insurance
• Sentry Insurance
• Shelter Insurance
• Sompo Japan Insurance Company of America
• South Carolina Farm Bureau Mutual Insurance Company
• Southern Farm Bureau Casualty Insurance Company
• State Auto Insurance Companies
• State Farm
• Tennessee Farmers Mutual Insurance Company
• Texas Farm Bureau Insurance Companies
• Tower Group Companies
• The Travelers Companies
• United Educators
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www.iihs.org
Where are we?
Location of IIHS/HLDI and Vehicle Research Center
Washington, DC
Virginia
Charlottesville
Arlington
5
10
15
20
40,000
45,000
50,000
55,000
60,000
US motor vehicle crash deaths and
unemployment rate
1950-2012
motor vehicle crash deaths
unemployment rate
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0
5
10
15
20
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
1950
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
2000
05
10
US motor vehicle crash deaths per billion vehicle
miles traveled and unemployment rate
1950-2012
unemployment rate
deaths per billion vehicle miles traveled
11.3 per billion
0
40
80
-5
0
5
10
15
20
Year-to-year percent changes in US motor vehicle
crash deaths per billion vehicle miles traveled
and unemployment rate
1951-2012
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Vehicle improvements have been
key to reductions in motor
vehicle crash fatality risk
0
20
40
60
80
1950
60
70
80
90
2000
10
Motor vehicle crash deaths per billion miles traveled
1950-2012
80
100
120
140
160
180
actual rates
expected rates
Vehicle and non-vehicle factors and highway safety
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New car assessment programs (NCAPs)
By year of inception
1978
1995
1997
2006
2011
IIHS crashworthiness tests
Front moderate overlap,
beginning 1995
Side impact,
beginning 2003
Rear crash (whiplash mitigation),
beginning 2004
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0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 poor marginal acceptable good 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 poor marginal acceptable good 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 poor marginal acceptable good 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 poor marginal acceptable goodCrash protection ratings by model year
Improvements: Beginning in 1995
Frontal
Side
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Vehicle occupant deaths by point of impact, 2012
Front
Side
Rear
Other (mostly
rollover)
small
overlap
24%
moderate
overlap
24%
center
underride
14%
low severity
11%
full width
6%
override
2%
Serious injuries in frontal crashes, by configuration
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Kia Soul
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Front small overlap tests since 2012
•
134 small overlap front tests conducted since 2012
–
Cars: minicars, small, midsize, midsize luxury, large luxury
–
SUVs: small, midsize, midsize luxury
–
Minivans
•
19 models tested twice
–
17 redesigns and modifications improved structural rating
–
17 improved overall rating
Examples of structural modifications
engagement structures attached to frame rail
side frame structure
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Weight change associated with improved structure
-9 pounds
+114 pounds
Honda developed single-piece
hot-stamped door-stiffener ring
Weight
increase
(lbs.)
Rogue
114
Q50
112
Soul
106
Legacy
97
CR-V
95
Odyssey
59
Jetta
59
Sonata
44
Camry
11
CX-5
2
Accord
-7
Fit
-9
Forte
-18
floor support
underbody
deflector
Nissan Rogue
20
40
60
80
100
120
poor
marginal
acceptable
good
Small overlap ratings by model year
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Santa Claus delivers 2015 TOP SAFETY PICKs
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Requirements for 2015 TOP SAFETY PICK awards
rating in moderate overlap front, side, roof strength
and head restraint tests
or rating in small overlap front test
&
meet TOP SAFETY PICK criteria
&
TSP
+
criteria change to reflect new technology
Higher bar encourages improvement
•
2012-13 TSP+ criteria based on crash test
performance only
–
Many models offered front crash prevention systems
•
2014 TSP+ added Basic or better FCP rating
–
60 models now offer higher FCP performance
•
Change for 2015 TSP+
–
Advanced or Superior FCP rating
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TOP SAFETY PICK winners by calendar year
year
2006
9 Gold
12 Silver
07
23
08
64
09
94
10
58
11
102
12
136
13
30 TSP+
126 TSP
14
43 TSP+
25 TSP
15
33 TSP+
38 TSP
Can new crash avoidance
technology help in the same way
as crashworthiness?
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The Google vision
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Audi Piloted Driving
Driver assistance features
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Effects on crash risk
Percent change in crash rates for vehicles with standard ESC vs.
optional or no ESC, updated May 2010
-60
-40
-20
0
20
all crashes
fatal injury
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Front crash prevention systems
are reducing front to rear crashes
Changes in physical damage claim frequency for
front crash prevention systems
-20%
-10%
0%
10%
20%
PDL
collision
warning only
warning with autobrake
low speed
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-30%
-20%
-10%
0%
10%
20%
30%
Volvo City
Safety
Honda
Accord
(with LDW)
Mercedes
Volvo
Acura
Mercedes
Subaru
(with LDW)
Volvo
(with LDW)
MedPay
PIP
Changes in injury claim frequency for front crash
prevention systems
-80%
-40%
0%
40%
80%
Volvo City Safety Honda Accord (includes LDW)
Mercedes Volvo Acura Mercedes Subaru Volvo (includes LDW)
