Unit 4 - Genetics
Criteron A: Knowledge & Understanding Practice Test
Section 1 - Multiple Choice - Circle one letter to indicate the best answer, for each question. 1. Which bases would pair with the DNA sequence CTTGAC?
A. CTTGAC B. GAACTG C. TCCAGT D. AGGTCA
2. What is the basic repeating unit of DNA (monomer of DNA)? A. Base pairs
B. Backbone C. Nitrogen base D. Nucleotide
3. The “backbone” of the DNA molecule consists of… A. Bases and sugars
B. Phosphates and sugars C. Four different bases in order D. Phosphates and bases
4. In which organelle of a eukaryotic cell is DNA stored? A. Vacuole
B. Endoplasmic Reticulum C. Lysosome
D. Nucleus
5. Which statement BEST describes metaphase I of meiosis? A. Individual chromosomes line up along the center of the cell. B. Homologous chromosomes line up along the center of the cell. C. Chromatids line up along the center of the cell.
D. Centrioles lin up along the center of the cell.
6. If an individual has one dominant allele and one recessive allele for a characteristic, the individual’s genotype for that characteristic is
A. Homozygous B. Heterozygous C. Haploid D. Dominant
7. An organism has a genotype Tt. Which one of these is true? A. It is diploid
B. It is haploid C. It is human
D. It is tall
8. The gametes (sex cells) of a rabbit contain 22 chromosomes. All the other cells in a rabbit contain A. 11 Chromosomes
B. 22 Chromosomes C. 44 Chromosomes D. 66 Chromosomes
9. Since the allele for colour-clindness is located on the X chromosome, colour-blindness A. Is more common in amles than females
B. Only occurs in adults C. Only occurs in children
D. Is more common in females than males 10. Normal human body cells contain
A. 22 Chromosomes B. 23 Chromosomes C. 44 Chromosomes D. 46 Chromosomes
Fill in the blank: Use a phrase or word (not a sentence) 1. What information is contained in a gene?
- Gene contains information for synthesis of proteins
- Contain the instructions for our individual characteristics – like eye and hair color. 2. What is another name given to a cell that is undifferentiated?
- Stem cells
3. What organelle in the cell make proteins? - Ribosomes
4. What is the meaning of phenotype?
- An individual's observable characteristics resulting from interaction of its genotype with the environment.
Section 2 - Short Answer Questions - Please answer the questions in the space provided
1. Outline the difference between a differentiated cell and an undifferentiated cell. Use your knowledge from our criterion C assignment.
- The main difference between differentiated and undifferentiated cells is that differentiated cells are specialized cells to perform a unique function in the body whereas undifferentiated cells are responsible for replenishing old, injured or dead cells. Also, differentiated cells usually do not undergo proliferation while undifferentiated cells are capable of self-renewing by proliferation and differentiation into differentiated cells.
2. Describe Mendel’s experiments with pea plants. Explain what we learned from these experiments. You may refer to and annotate the diagram, or you can use words only.
3. Brown eyes are dominant over blue eyes. A blue-eyed mother and a brown-eyed father have a child. a. If the father is heterozgous, what is the probability of the child having blue eyes? Show all
your work: Choose symboles for the alleles, write the parent genotypes, and use a Punnett square to help you answer the question.
4. Haemophilia is an X-linked disease. The haemophilia allele is recessive. A normal father and a carrier mother have a child
a. Draw a Punnett square and describe the possible genotypes and phenotypes for this couple’s children.
5. In a normal qutosomal dominant situation, two mice with black fur were crossed. Roughly three-quarters (75%) of the offspring had black fur, while one-quarter (25%) had white fur.
a. Which trait is dominant? Show your work using a Punnett square, and then explain your reason for determining which trait is dominant.
6. Four babies were born in a hospital on the same day. When we tested their blood types, we found out their phenotypes (but we don’t know their genotypes).
Baby D has blood type A Baby E has blood type B Baby F has blood type AB Baby G has blood type O
a. Using your knowledge of blood type alleles, complete the table to match each baby to their parents.
Parents Parents’ blood groups
Which baby is theirs? Reason (or punnett square)
Mr and Mrs W O x O Baby G
Mr and Mrs X B x O Baby
Mr and Mrs Y AB x O Baby
7. In some types of kangaroo, a recessive allele q causes their tailes to be shorter. THe dominant allele Q produces longer tailes
a. A kangaroo breeder has a male with a short tail. i. What is the male’s phenotype?
ii. What are the possible genotype(s) of this male? b. The kangaroo breeder also has a female with a long tail.
i. What are the possible genotype(s) for this female?
c. Explain how the breeder can find out the genotype of the female kangaroo. Use a Punnett square as part of your answer.
8. Cats can be orange, black, or calico ( a combination of black & orange strips BUT only females can be calico)
a. Draw a Punnett square and describe the predicted phenotype ratio (of offspring) when a orange female is crossed with a black male.
b. Mr. H can sell calico cats for a lot of money, so he wants to produce a lot. Explain how you would breed high numbers of cats with calico coats.
9. Look at the pedigree chart below. It shows the inheritance of Phenylketonuria (PKU) (a genetic disease where individuals lack the enzyme to breakdown phenylalanine).
a. Is PKU dominant or recessive? Recessive
b. Write down a symbol for PKU allele: _____________________________ Write down a symbol for the normal allele: _____________________________
c. Using the pedigree, and the symboles in your answer above, write the possible genotypes of each individual. Name Genotype(s) Richard Mary David Jane John Alice Martin
10. In a breed of dogs, individuals have wither long or short legs. A breeder has done many crosses between different dogs and has observed the patterns seen in Table 1 below.
a. Which characteristic, long legs or short legs is recessive? Give a reason for your answer using the information in Table 1 below.
Table 1: Results of typical crosses of dog breeds
11. Compare meiosis and mitosis in human body cells using this table:
Cross Offspring
Short legs x Short legs Sometimes all with short legs
Sometimes 3 times as many with short legs as long legs
Long legs x Short legs Sometimes all with short legs
Sometimes equal numbers with long legs and short legs
Long legs x Long legs All with long legs
MEIOSIS MITOSIS
Number of cells produced 4 haploid cells at the end of meiosis II
2 diploid cells at the end of mitosis
Chromosome number in cells produced
12. Examine figure 1. Is this a picture of a body cell or a gamete? Is this cell diploid or haploid? Explain your answer: give reasons for your decisions based on the picture shown.
