Anticipating the Future…
Malek Hunnon, RCDD
Technology Solutions Manager
Anixter
Private Networks Product Focus
•
Data center
•
Building Technologies
Agenda
• Data Center Design Considerations
– Virtualization and consolidation
• Bandwidth
• Power densities
• Building Blocks for Next Generation
Security Systems
– Convergence
– Standards Organizations
DATA Center
Design Considerations
Data Center Key Trends
• Consolidation of servers and storage
using virtualization
– Requires less servers
– Increased network bandwidth requirements
– Increased power densities (more cooling)
• Unified fabrics
– Consolidation of disparate LAN and SAN
protocols over single Ethernet “fabric”
Virtualization Drives Network Bandwidth
OS+App Hypervisor Server 200–500 Mbps OS+App Hypervisor Server 200–500 Mbps OS+App Hypervisor Server 200–500 Mbps OS+App Hypervisor Server 200–500 Mbps OS+App Hypervisor Server 200–500 Mbps Server 2–5 Gbps OS+App Hypervisor OS+App OS+App OS+App OS+App OS+App OS+App OS+App OS+App OS+App 5/16/2014 © 2014 Anixter Inc.Servers
Power supplies
Voltage/kW load
Power cables
6
Single
120/2.5 kW
6
6
20
120/4 kW
Single
20
1996
1998
2001
2003
Today
42
6 x 14
6 x 14
Dual
Dual
Dual
208/8.4 kW 208/12 kW 208/20+kW
84
24
48
24
1996
48
The Wiring Standards Organizations
• ISO
–ISO (International Organization for Standardization)
is an organization responsible for developing
international standards for cabling system
performance
• TIA
–TIA (Telecommunications Industry Association) is a
U.S. trade association that develops standards for
cabling performance and installation practices.
The TIA standard relating to copper and optical
cabling systems is 568-C.
5/16/2014 14P3231X00 Proprietary and
The Wiring Standards Organizations
• BICSI
– BICSI (Building Industry Consulting Service
International) is a professional association
supporting the information technology
systems (ITS) industry. ITS covers the
spectrum of voice, data, electronic safety
& security, project management and audio
& video technologies.
Latest equipment standards
• Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
–IEEE 802.3an (2006)
•Physical Layer and Management Parameters for 10 Gbps Operation
over Twisted-Pair Cabling (10GBase-T)
–IEEE 802.3ba (2010)
•Physical Layer Specifications and Management Parameters for the
Transfer of 802.3 Frames at 40 Gbps and 100 Gbps
• InterNational Committee for Information Technology
Standards (INCITS)
–Fibre Channel Over Ethernet FC-BB-5 (2009)
•Developed by T11 working group
•FCoE allows for FibreChannel frames over Ethernet networks
Copper Cabling for 10 Gigabit
Ethernet Applications
• 10GBASE-T
– Horizontal applications (<100 meters) using Augmented Category 6 cable and ISO Class EA
– Limited distance support (<55 meters) using current Category 6 cable – Alien crosstalk (PSANEXT and PSAACRF) primary parameters
impairing performance • 10GBASE-CX4
– Data center applications operating at less than 15 meters in length
– More cost effective than 10 Gigabit optical interfaces at short distances – Not compatible with RJ45 connectivity
– Shares same physical interface with InfiniBand cabling • 10GBASE-CR (aka SFP+ Direct Attached)
– Twinax cable assemblies that operate at less than 10 meters in length – Lower power and latency than other alternatives
Copper Cabling for 40 Gigabit
Ethernet Applications
• 40GBase-KR4
– Copper Backplane – 4x10 Gbps signaling• 40GBase-CR4
– Twinax cable assemblies that operate at less than 7 meters in length – 4x10 Gbps signaling
– Available in QSFP and CX4 form factors
• 100GBASE-CR10
– Twinax cable assemblies that operate at less than 7 meters in length – 10x10 Gbps signaling
– Available in QSFP and CX4 form factors
Next Generation Base-T (40GBase-T)
•
With continued growth of server capabilities,
network and Internet traffic, datacenters continue
to require higher data rates for equipment interconnections
•
The IEEE 802.3 BASE-T family of technologies allows for
seamless upgrade between older and newer data rates
– Currently, IEEE Std 802.3 does not support 40 Gb/s
BASE-T operation
•
There is a market need for a low cost 40 Gb/s BASE-T
solution with auto-negotiation capability for datacenter applications
•
Currently in task force (802.3bq)
Next Generation Cabling – Category 8
•
ANSI/TIA-568-C.2-1, “Balanced Twisted-Pair Telecommunications
Cabling and Components Standard, Addendum 1: Specifications
for 100 ohm Category 8 Cabling” under development
•
Adopting specifications for a 2-connector, 30-meter channel
– Harmonizing requirements with both ISO and IEEE proposals – Likely F/UTP, but investigating connector types other than RJ45
•
Bandwidth specifications converging on 2 GHz (TBD)
•
ISO developing a parallel document
– Class I channels to be specified by a reference implementation using Category 8.1 components
– Class II channels to be specified by a reference implementation using Category 8.2 components
IEEE Optical Interfaces
• 10GBASE-SR
– Multimode fiber, a serial transmission at 850 nm
– Lowest cost for new installs (<550 m)
– Data centers and building/campus backbones
• 10GBASE-LX4
– Multimode or single-mode fiber, DWDM transmission in the 1300 nm region
– Multimode fiber solution intended for legacy systems – Campus backbones
• 10GBASE-ER
– Single-mode fiber, serial transmission at 1550 nm – Metro area networks
• 10GBASE-LRM
– Multimode fiber, FDDI fiber, 1300 nm, 220 m (legacy fiber)
– Compatibility and interoperability issues
IEEE Optical Interfaces
• 40GBASE-SR4
– Multimode fiber at 850 nm, MPO Interface
– QSFP Module
• 100GBASE-SR10
– Multimode fiber at 850 nm, MPO Interface
– CXP and CFP Modules
• 40GBASE-LR4
– Single-mode fiber 1300 nm, Duplex Interface
– QSFP and CFP Modu
les
• 100GBASE-LR10
– Single-mode fiber 1300 nm, Duplex Interface
– CFP Modules
IT CABLING STANDARDS
ISO/IEC 11801 Ed 2 (2002) TIA/EIA568-C.3 EN50173 Ed 2 (2010)
Multimode
62.5 50 50 50 Singlemode
Wavelength OM1 OM2 OM3 OM4 OS1 OS2
Attenuation (dB/km max) 850nm 3.5 1.0 0.4 1300nm 1.5 1.0 0.4 Modal bandwidth OFL (MHz·km min) 850nm 200 200 1500 3500 1300nm 500 500 500 500 Modal bandwidth LL (MHz·km min) 850nm - - 2000 4700 1300nm - - - - Propagation delay (ns/m max) 850nm 5 5 5 1300nm Distance in Meters 1000BASE-SX 850nm 275 500 550 1000 - - 1000BASE-LX 1300nm 550 550 550 1000 2000 2000 10GBASE-SR/SW 850nm 33 82 300 550 10GBASE-LX4 1300nm 300 300 220 200 2 to 10km 10GBASE-LRM 1300nm 220 220 220 220 40GBASE-SR4 850nm - - 100 150 - - 100GBASE-SR10 850nm - - 100 150 - - 40GBASE-LR4 1300nm - - - 10km 100GBASE-LR4 1300nm - - - 10km 5/16/2014 18
40 Gigabit and 100 Gigabit Channel Options
Data Rate 10Gb/s 40GB/s 100GB/sLaser Type VCSEL VCSEL Array VCSEL Array
Fiber Type OM3 OM3/OM4 OM3/OM4
Connector LC X 2 12-fiber IMPO 2x12f MPO of 1x24 MPO
# of Fibers 2 12 24
FIBRE MIGRATION IN THE DATA CENTER
• BiDi or Bi-Directional 40Gig Ethernet Interface from Cisco
– Proprietary but uses only 2 fibres instead of 8 fibres per 40G link
– Allows users to leverage existing fibre infrastructure…
• 100 metre limit for OM3/OM4 with 1.5dB connector loss
• 125 metre limit for OM4 with 1.0dB connector loss
• 150 metre limit for engineered fibre/connector
– QSFP+ Pluggable Module – standard form factor
– Transceivers operate at 850 & 900 nm λ simultaneously
5/16/2014 20
Interface / Fibre
10 G
40 G
100 G
Parallel MM
N/A
US$ 2,995
US$ 15,995
2 Fibre MM
US$ 995
US$ 1,095 (BiDi)
N/A
2 Fibre SM
US$ 3,995
US$ 13,995
US$ 40,000
COMING SOON . . .
• 400G Ethernet being worked on by IEEE
Centralized Switching Architecture:
TIA-942 Direct Connect
• Pro
– Lower cost than distributed architectures
– Simple to design, implement and
maintain
– Minimized network bottleneck
– Good port utilization
– Easy device management
• Con
– Large number of cables
– Cable overlaps
– Difficulties in cable pathway design
– Lack of scalability
End-of-Row or Middle-of-Row
Switching Architecture
• Pro
– Fewer number of cables than
direct-connect architecture
– Good scalability
– Cost effective compared to top
of rack (ToR)
• Con
– More capital expenditure on end of rack
(EoR) and middle of rack (MoR) switches
– Increased management overhead
Top-of-Rack Switching Architecture
• Pro
– Most efficient cable use
– Efficient use of floor space
– Good scalability
– Easy cable management
• Con
– More switches to manage
– Higher AGG port count
– Higher STP logical ports in AGG
– More server-to-server traffic in AGG
– Potentially higher switch costs
– Thermal management risks
– Creation of hotspots
Building
Technologies
Top Trends in Building Technologies
• Wireless
– BYOD
– 802.11ac
• Internet of Thing (IoT)
– Intelligent Lighting
• Passive Optical LAN
BYOD in the Enterprise
"Even if you don't think you're doing BYOD, you're doing BYOD. It's a matter
of whether you're doing it formally or like an ostrich.”
Alan Murray, Apperian
• 59% of businesses deploy line-of-business applications for mobile devices*
• 71% will be deploying a corporate "store" for mobile applications*
• 73% of companies expect to increase efficiency with BYOD
and mobile apps*
• 5.3 Billion People Have Cell Phones Worldwide
• 24 Billion Connected Devices by 2020
• Location Based Services allow customers/employees to interact with an
organization from their mobile devices
• Enterprise Applications
- Managers track corporate assets via GPS/M2M
DAS Deployments
• In-building coverage wasn’t designed for by the
carriers, primarily focused on macro coverage
• Mobile data growth
– New devices
• iPhone, iPads, Android phones and tablets • 45% of all phones today are smart phones – Bring your own device
• Workforce mobility via smart devices increasing rapidly (data/video)
• By 2014, nearly 75% of all workers will use cell phones as their primary work phone
• Multiple services, multiple carriers
– Multiband capability to handle multiple services • Emergence of 4G, LTE, WiMAX, MIMO
– Multioperator requirement emerging rapidly especially for large businesses, multitenant/use, venue and campus environments
• Emergence of dual-mode phones – both Wi-Fi and cellular
802.11ac
IEEE
802.11
Release
Date
Frequency
Bandwidth
Data Rate
a
1999
5GHz
20MHz
54Mbps
b
1999
2.4GHz
20MHz
11Mbps
g
2003
2.4GHz
20MHz
54Mbps
n
2009
2.4/5GHz
20/40MHz
72.2/150Mbps
ac
2013
5GHz
20/40/80/160MHz
Up to 866Mbps
Why do you need IEEE 802.11ac?
• IEEE 802.11ac features
– Wider channels = higher data rates –
up to 1.3 Gbps per radio
– Higher encoding density = higher bit density per packet
– Increased number of spatial streams = higher data rates per AP/client
link
– Beamforming = greater wireless AP/client link reliability
– Multiuser MIMO = greater AP/client capacity and efficient use of
spectrum
Bandwidth
Network Congestion
4-PAIR POE – 802.3BT APPLICATIONS
REQUIRING MORE THAN 30 WATTS OF POWER
Markets Typical Power Consumption
Nurse Call Systems - Healthcare 80% market needs >30W (Typically 50W) Point-of-sale – retail
(POS – credit card readers and printers)
40-50% in 30-60W range IP Turrest – banking, financial trade floor phone systems Typically 45W
Building Management
(Lighting fixtures and controllers, access controllers, etc.)
40-50W Thin clients, Virtual Desktop Infrastructure (VDI) terminal
(high-end configuration
~50W Video conferencing, Hospitality
(e.g., PoE powered switches)
Typically 45-60W IP security cameras (pan, tilt, zoom cameras) 30-60W range Industrial
(brushless and stepper drives, motor control units
PoE Support for 10GBase-T
and IEEE 802.11ac
• 10GBASE-T is a 4-pair Ethernet Standard
• Next generation Wireless Access Point bandwidth such as
proposed IEEE 802.11ac is increasing
– Uplink requires 10Gbps
– Accommodated by 1000Base-T using link aggregation and IEEE 802.3at
• For example, forecast projection for IEEE P802.11ac APs is
shown below
Internet of Things
• Bring people, process, data and
things together to add relevancy to
valuable network connections
• 99.4% of physical objects still
unconnected. 10 billion things
connected out of 1.5+ trillion things
• From 2012 – 2022 $14.4 trillion of
net profit globally will be driven by
the Internet of Things
TIA-942-A Provision for LED Lighting
“To allow improved energy efficiency and control, energy
efficient lighting (e.g., LED) should be considered as an option to
implement the three-level lighting protocol, depending on
human occupancy and function in data centers.”
•
3 Level Lighting Protocol
–
Level 1: data center unoccupied. Lighting should be sufficient to allow effective
use of video surveillance equipment.
–
Level 2: initial entry into the data center
–
Level 3: occupied space - when the data center is occupied for purposes of
maintenance or interaction with equipment
The Argument for Passive Optical LAN
• Cost
– The primary reason most enterprises consider POL
– Promises savings of 30-40% over a traditional LAN
– The savings over a “Cisco” powered LAN can be
in the millions of $
– Sustainable Design
– Power savings from elimination of all switches
– Cooling reduction, elimination of cooling/air handling
in telco closets
• Lower maintenance costs
– POLs have lower cost management tools
– Easier and more economical to replace a 4 port
WGT then a 24 or 48 port switch
– Good reliability record in FTTH deployments
POL Deployment Considerations
• Bandwidth Allocation
– Asymmetrical
– Prioritization of traffic
– ONT Sharing
• Resiliency
• Converged Networks
– Voice
– Video (surveillance, broadcast)
– Data
Questions & Answers
5/16/2014 38
