AN ANALYSIS COMMUNICATION SITUATION FOUND ON THE BOOK TITLED
“HOW TO WRITE A BUSINESS PLAN”
Ricky Perdana
rickyperdana@staff,gunadarma,ac,id ABSTRACT
The data needed by the researcher for the study is taken from the book entitled “How to Write a Business Plan” that authored by Mike P. McKeever one of the famous book writer in the time of his incredible writings are usually viewed by many businessman around the world and especially to those who started a new business that is not related to the previous work. This study is going to be an annotated translation in which the information taken translated from English into Indonesian, and the title of the book namely; How to write a Business Plan’ The purposes of the research are: (1) to attain factual information, concerning the difficulties encountered by the researcher during the process of translating the text How to write a Business Plan from English into Indonesian. (2) To suggest plausible solution to the difficulties encountered by the researcher during the process translating text of How to write a Business Plan from English as Source Text into Indonesian as Target Language Text. The researcher employed an introspective and a retrospective method. The researcher identified 35 items of data consists of 10 lexicons, and 10 grammatical structure, and 5 communication situation, and 10 cultural context in order to solve the difficulties, thus the researcher used the methods, the strategies and also the principles of translation were employed the strategies include Emphasis on stylistic appropriateness, Syntactic strategy namely changing the phrase structure, pragmatic strategy namely; explicitness change from an implicit word or implicit to explicitly, naturalizing, adding information, information change and the principles include Idiomatic expressions, Form, Meaning,Source Language Influence, Style and Clarity and this implies that to solve the problems or difficulties found on the translation, the translator should employ strategies and principles of translation.
Keyword: Business, Plan, English, Communication.
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
The research is going to be annotated translation, which the data of the study is taken from the book entitled “How to Write a Business Plan” that authored by Mike P. McKeever one of the famous book writer in the time of his writings are viewed by the businessman around the world.
Mike P. McKeever’s education, work experience, business ownership, writing, and teaching careers give him a broad and unique perspective on business planning, thus his wide experiences helped him during the progress of his carrier as the book author.
The author’s experiences on purchasing, expanding, and selling a number of businesses, including a manufacturing company, tune-up shop, gas station, retail store, and commercial building.
As an independent business broker, he assessed the strengths and weaknesses of hundreds of companies. As senior financial analyst for a Fortune 500 company, he wrote and analysed nearly 500 business plans
He has published articles on entrepreneurship for Dow Jones publications, the Sloan Publications Business Journal, and numerous newspapers and periodicals for his experiences in scientific writings.
The reasons above made the researcher concerned the study about his experiences would be interested to read and to analyse and to research, because the ideas brought by the author on the book is telling to every experts in business and to whom just started to do a new business.
The author introduced the reader about how to grow the business perfectly and about how to increasing the profit, and the benefit and also reducing the loss and the book is also explained about the other stories of the businessman that reached many goals n business.
The information retrieved by the researcher collected as the data that used in translating from English into Indonesian, the data would be selected and the data needed only was taken by the researcher to the study.
In the process of translating the text from English into Indonesian, the researcher discovered many common problems on changing every idiomatic words from source into target language text, thus in order to solve the matters, the researcher used some theories shall be applied.
The theories of translation that used by the researcher into the scientific writing consists four aspects of translation namely, lexicon, grammatical structure, communication situation and cultural context and other theories also applied in translation is implicit and explicit.
The researcher has a sample of the data from the early pages in the book that have a grammatical changes in target text is a business plan in the sentence A business plan is a written statement that describes and analyzes your business and gives detailed projections about its future.
The subject noun A business plan that translated into Rencana Usaha but the reader would accept the other option for translation is Rencana Bisnis where the changing word is only a spelling word that usual used in Indonesia, namely Bisnis.
The strategies and the principles would be used by the researcher to solve the problems found in the data, namely syntactics, pragmatics, and the principles and the strategies in progress, the principles and the strategies would be explain below:
Principles of Translation
a) Meaning
b) Form
c) Register
d) Source language influence.
e) Style and clarity
f) Idiom.
1. Syntactic Strategies (manipulate form): such as:
a) Unit Shift
b) Phrase structure change c) Sentence structure change
d) Cohesion change;
Pragmatic strategies (manipulate the message itself):
a) Cultural filtering;
b) Explicitness change;
c) Information change;
a) Naturalizing
RESEARCH METHOD
The researcher stated that the study would be an annotated translation, which the focus of the translation among Introspective and Retrospective Research and the data collected from the book authored by Mike P. McKeever titled as “How to Write a Business Plan”.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The researcher collected 30 data to get analysed on the process of translating the text from English into Indonesian as the target text and including the data of Lexicon, Grammatical Structure, Communication Situation and Cultural Context.
The data consisted 10 lexicons, 10 grammatical structures, 5 communication situations and 10 cultural context, and the result of the data would explain below:
Lexicon
Annotation 1
SL: Writing a business plan is a lot of work. So why take the time to write one? The best answer is the wisdom gained by literally millions of business owners just like you
TL: Menulis sebuah rencana usaha adalah pekerjaan rumit, Jadi tujuan menulis buat apa?
Jawaban terbaik ada pada para pemilik usaha seperti Anda.
Analysis
The phrases in the source text has changed in meaning in target text, as sample of “Writing a business plan is a lot of work” should be translated into “Menulis sebuah rencana usaha adalah pekerjaan yang banyak” but it translated into “Menulis rencana usaha adalah pekerjaan rumit”
which the cohesion has changed from Pekerjaan yang banyak into Pekerjaan rumit , in order to make a proper and appropriate words that shall be applied easily for the readers.
Annotation 2
SL: You’ll be more successful in raising the money you need if you answer all of your potential backers’ questions.
TL: Kamu akan mendapatkan uang banyak jika kamu menjawab semua pertanyaan yang diajukan oleh kolegamu.
Analysis:
in the sentence, there are many words are changed and naturalized, as samples of the phrase
“You’ll be more successful in raising the money” which should be translated into “Anda akan meraih sukses dalam mengembangkan uang” but the translation would not be proper and natural if used the original translation, thus in order to make an appropriate sentence in bahasa Insonesia as target language text, so the other naturalized translation chosen “Kamu akan mendapatkan
uang banyak” in which there also any deleted information “you need” that is not participated on the target text.
Grammatical Structure Annotation 1:
SL: A business plan is a written statement that describes and analyzes your business and gives detailed projections about its future.
TL: Sebuah rencana usaha adalah sebuah pernyataan tertulis yang menggambarkan dan menganalisa pekerjaanmu dan rencana tersebut akan memberikan hasil yang baik di masa depan.
Analaysis
From the sentence in source language text, there is a subject in the subordinating clause that is determined, because the information as subject noun “A business plan” has written on the main clause, thus in order to make the sentence more proper in target text, thus the adding information
“rencana tersebut” needed to help the reader understand easily.
Annotation 2:
SL: But understand that a quick plan is a stripped-down version of a business plan
TL: Tetapi harap dimengerti bahwa rencana singkat adalah bagian luar dari sebuah rencana usaha
Analysis:
The meaning of quick is fast or doing something without wasting the due times, but in Target text’s reader, the adjective phrase “a quick plan” is not sound natural and eventhough the translation “ sebuah rencana cepat” perhaps acceptable to the reader but the researcher obtain another translation “rencana singkat” that is not far from the original meaning of the source text phrase “a quick plan”, thus in order to make the sentence properly, so the translated phrase
“rencana singkat” is chosen for the translation.
Annotation 3
SL: In an effort to make sense out of the thousands of types of small businesses, I have roughly divided them into five main ones: retail, wholesale, service, manufacturing, and project
development.
TL: usahaku dalam mengenmbangkan ribuan waralaba kecil, aku sudah membaginya menjadi lima dalam satu usaha utama: eceran, grosir, jasa, produksi dan pengembangan proyek.
Analysis:
In the sentence is source text, there are any words has a same meaning in target text, thus the meaning has changed in target text, as samples of the translation of “effort” is “usaha” and the translation of “business” is also “usaha”thus the researcher used other related and similar meaning to make the sentence proper and accurate is “waralaba” since there any explanation in the next sentences about what kinds of businesses done by the author.
Communication Situation:
Annotation 1:
SL: In my experience, about 35% to 40% of the people currently in business do not know how money flows through their business
TL: Dari pengalamanku, hampir dari 35 sampai 45 persen para pelaku usaha tidak tahu bagaimana uangnya mengalir ke kantong mereka.
Analaysis
From the sentence in source text, the second clause is naturalized, to help the reader understand what is the meaning of “ money flows through their business” since the meaning of “flows” and the meaning “through” has the similar meaning in target text, because the verb phrase “flows”
means “mengalir” and the other verb “through” is “melewati” or “menembus”, thus to make the sentence acceptable, the translated words “mengalir” is chosen for target text.
Annotation 2:
SL: If you know your business, are familiar with and able to make financial projections, and have done the necessary research, you may be able to create a plan in one day.
TL: Jika kamu tahu apa usahamu, dan kamu mampu membuat projeksi keuanganm dan kamu telah menyelesaikan penelitianmu, mungkin kamu bisa menciptakan sebuah rencana pada suatu hari.
Analysis:
There are a few changed in target text, as samples of “if you know your business” translated into
“jika kamu tahu apa usahamu” which there added information “ada” to help the reader
understand what the author meant on the sentence, since in target text if translated to “jika kamu tahu usahamu” might be acceptable, and the other information added is the subject pronoun
“kamu” has taken to the second clause to make the translation properly.
Annotation 3:
SL: You can get rich in a small business, or at least do very well financially. Most entrepreneurs don’t get wealthy, but some do. If money is your motivator, admit it.
TL: Anda dapat mendapat keuntungan besar pada usaha kecil, atau setidaknya keuangan Anda tercukupi. Kebanyakan para wiraswasta tidak menjadi kaya, tetapi sebagian iya. Jika uang adalah penyemangat hidup Anda, ikuti dia.
Analysis:
From the sentence there are many words are naturalized and some cohesions are changed, in order to improve the meaning of the translation in target text, as samples of the first sentence
“You can get rich in a small business” which should be translated to “ Kamu bisa menjadi kaya di usaha kecil” is acceptable in grammatical structure but the adjective “wealthy” meaning in target text similar to the meaning rich, thus only the meaning of “kaya” is used in the second sentence to make the sentence more accurately.
Annotation 4:
SL: Successful small business owners are respected, both by themselves and their peers TL: para pemilik usaha kecil yang sukses selalu menghargai,
Analysis:
Annoation 5:
SL: For many people, owning a business is a genuinely fulfilling experience, one that lifetime employees never know
TL: Banyak sekali orang, memiliki usaha adalah orang yang berpengalaman di bidangnya, sesuatu yang tidak diketahui oleh karyawan yang bekerja sepanjang hidupnya.
Analysis:
There a few added information and changing cohesion in the target text to complete the full information to reader because the source text is only a phrase, as sample of the sentence”one that employees never knows” that translated into “sesuatu yang tidak diketahui oleh karyawan yang bekerja sepanjang hidupnya”, which the subject noun “one” translated into “sesuatu” and the phrase “ a lifetime employee” translated to “seorang karyawan yang bekerja sepanjang
hidupnya”
Cultural Context:
SL: If you have a thoroughly thoughtout business and financial plan that demonstrates a good likelihood of success and you are persistent, you will find the money you need.
TL: Jika kamu merasa yakin dengan apa yang kamu bayangkan, dan rencana keuanganmu menunjukkan hasil yang menjanjikan dan kamu yakin, kamu akan mendapatkan sejumlah uang yang kamu inginkan,
Analaysis
From the sentence in source text throroughly thoughtout is translated into merasa yakin eventhough the other translation sepenuhnya memikirkan should be accepted for the target text and the sentence a good likehood of success is translated into menunjukkan hasil yang
menjanjikan eventhough kemungkinan kesuksesan yang bagus but to make the translation sounds natural, the first translations are used for the target text.
Annotation 2:
SL: You can start with a quick plan and add components from the complete business plan to suit your needs.
TL:
Kamu dapat memulai dengan rencana singkat dan kamu menambahkan komponen lain dari rencana usaha lengkap yang kamu butuhkan.
Analysis:
The sentence in target text has naturalized from the meaning of the translation of the sentence in source language text, and as samples of the adjective “a quick plan” in the first clause “you can start with a quick plan” is translated to “rencana singkat” although the translated “rencana cepat”
shall be acceptable to make the translation sound proper and accurate.
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
The researcher is only discovered 30 data to be analyzed and the problems found during the process of translating the data from English as source text to Indonesian as target text, in progress of transferring the ideas weren’t giving enough plausible solution, perhaps to reader, thus the researcher needed other’s researcher suggestion who has done similar research to the study to advice researcher a better and helpful scientific writing in future.
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