• No results found

Screening Rhizobacteria containing Acc-Deaminase for Growth and Yield of Rice (Oryza sativa) under Salt Stress Conditions

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2020

Share "Screening Rhizobacteria containing Acc-Deaminase for Growth and Yield of Rice (Oryza sativa) under Salt Stress Conditions"

Copied!
5
0
0

Loading.... (view fulltext now)

Full text

(1)

Screening Rhizobacteria containing Acc-Deaminase for

Growth and Yield of Rice (

Oryza sativa

) under Salt Stress

Conditions

Muhammad Arshadullah

1

, Syed Ishtiaq Hyder

2

, Raheel Baber

3

and Tariq Sultan

4

1,2,3,4Land Resources Research Institute, National Agricultural Research Centre, Park Road, Islamabad-45500, Pakistan

Bacteria possessing ACC deaminase activity reduce the level of stress ethylene conferring resistance and stimulating growth of plants under various biotic and abiotic stresses. Therefore, this study was carried out at National Agriculture Research Centre Islamabad to screen rhizobacteria containing ACC deaminase for inducing salt tolerance and improving rice plant growth and enhancement in paddy production under salt-stressed conditions. (ECe=9.65 dS m-1) during June, 2015 to November, 2016.

Rice variety Basmati-385 seeds were inoculated with rhizobacterial strains which were: SBCC (M9), RPR (32), RPR (33), WPS (8) PBS, SBCC (M8) and RPR (41). Salinity (9.65dS m-1) was artificially

developed using salts. This study resulted that rice crop improved growth and yield under salt stressed conditions with the induction of salt tolerance through ACC deaminaze PGPR and this was accomplished with the reduction in ethylene production. Reduction in sodium uptake by the utilization of different rhizobial strains having ACC deaminaze activity under saline environment is a encouraging sign to induce salt tolerance naturally and reduce the toxic effects of utilization of chemicals for reclamation of salt – affected lands.

KEY WORDS: Rice growth and yield, Salinity, Ethylene, Rhizobial strains, Salt tolerance, PGPR ACC Deaminaze

INTRODUCTION

Soil salinization from the agricultural standpoint is one of the most urgent problems in many areas worldwide, especially in agricultural countries. Salinization can be caused by salt water invasion, long and severe drought, excessive use of chemical fertilizers. As a result, it can impact agricultural production, water quality, ecological health of streams and biodiversity. According to Qadir et al, (2014) every day for the last two decades, about 2000 hectares of irrigated land in arid and semi-arid areas across 75 countries have been degraded by salt.

Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), free living soil bacteria thriving in the plant rhizosphere, have been studied as plant growth promoters for increasing agricultural productivity (Lucy et al. 2004). Many PGPRs can also increase plant resistance to biotic and abiotic stress factors. Presence of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) Deaminase activity in several rhizospheric bacteria and regulation of ACC, a precursor

to plant ethylene levels, is one of the principal mechanisms by which bacteria exert beneficial effects on plants under abiotic stress (Glick et al. 2007a,b; Glick 2004, 2005; Saleem et al. 2007).

Rice (Oryza sativa) is a semi-aquatic plant and its ecosystem is classified into irrigated, rain fed lowland, upland, and flood-prone hydrology. Rice growing under these field conditions is exposed to various types of biotic and abiotic stresses at various developmental stages during its life cycle. Soil salinity is one of the important factors affecting soil microbial activities and crop productivity in most of the humid and sub-humid conventional rice growing areas of coastal Asia (Ismail et al. 2009).

*Corresponding Author: Muhammad Arshadullah, Land Resources Research Institute, National Agricultural Research Centre, Park Road, Islamabad-45500, Pakistan. Email: arshad_pak786@yahoo.com

Vol. 4(2), pp. 251-255, July, 2017. © www.premierpublishers.org.ISSN: XXXX-XXXX

(2)

Table 1. Physiochemical analysis of soil used in the experiment

Characteristics Unit Values

pH - 7.02

Electrical conductivity (dS m-1) 9.65

Organic Matter (%) 0.54

Na (AB-DTPA ppm 148

K (AB-DTPA) ppm 198

P (AB-DTPA) ppm 0.92

Ca+Mg (meq/L) 30

Carbonate (meq/L) 1.1

Bicarbonate (meq/L) 0.22

SAR meq/L) 10.42

Soil texture - Sandy Loam

When exposed to salt stress conditions, plant tissues synthesize ethylene from its immediate precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC). High levels of ethylene in plant tissues could inhibit the growth of root and shoot (Bleecker and Kende, 2000 and Huang et al.,2003) as well as suppress leaf expansion (Penrose and Glick, 2003). Such plant growth promoting bacteria(PGPR) belong to the genera such as Alcaligenes, Variovorax, Rhodococcus, Ochrobactrum and Bacillus (Bal et al. 2013 and Belimov et al. 2005).

Previous research has shown that inoculation with PGPR can alleviate the salt stress effects in different plant species. Enhancement of growth and salt tolerance in PGPR (Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria) inoculated red pepper (Siddikee et al. 2011), tomato (Mayak et al. 2004) and Groundnut (Saravanakumar and Samiyappan 2007) have been reported. Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria is found in association with plants grown under chronically stressful conditions, including high salinity, may have been adapted to the stress conditions, and could provide a significant benefit to the plants(Saravanakumar and Samiyappan 2007).

There are many reasons for the low yield but salinity stress is the most important (Rasheed et al., 2003). Approximately,7% of the world’s land area, 20% of the world’s cultivated land and nearly half of the irrigated land are significantly affected by salt contents (Zhu, 2001). A substantial decline in root and shoot elongation and in root and shoot fresh and dry weights under saline conditions have been well documented in the published literature (Farhoudi et al., 2012; Hussain et al., 2012, 2013). The presence of ACC deaminase has previously been reported in Gram negative bacteria (Belimov et al., 2001; Wang e tal., 2001; Babalola et al., 2003), Gram positive bacteria (Belimov et al., 2001).

Penrose et al. (2001) performed an experiment to study the effect of bacteria containing an ACC-deaminase enzyme that reduced ethylene production and increased the root length of canola. These authors concluded that the canola roots were elongated and the ACC level was reduced. The findings of some in vitro studies have elucidated the efficacy of ACC-deaminase-containing bacteria in promoting the root and shoot growth of maize

plants under saline conditions (Nadeem et al., 2006, 2007); however, their ability to improve rice root and shoot growth under saline-sodic field conditions has yet to be explored. Therefore, this field trial was conducted based on the hypothesis that application of ACC-deaminase-containing bacteria to improve the root and shoot growth of rice seedlings in saline-sodic soil. Keeping in view the fact, this study was carried out to screen rhizobacteria containing ACC deaminase for inducing salt tolerance and thus improving the growth and yield of rice under artificially developed salt-stressed conditions

MATERIALS AND METHODS

The study was carried at National Agriculture Research Centre Islamabad to screen rhizobacteria containing ACC deaminase for inducing salt tolerance and thus improving rice plant growth and enhancement in paddy production under salt-stressed conditions. (ECe=9.65 dS m-1) as

indicated in table-1 during June, 2015 to November, 2015. Salinity was developed by adding salts. The soil for this purpose was taken from NARC (National Agriculture Research Center). The design was completely randomized with three repeats. Keeping in view the fact, this study was carried out to screen rhizobacteria containing ACC deaminase for inducing salt tolerance and improving the growth and yield of rice under artificially developed salt-stressed conditions Rice variety Basmati-385 seeds were inoculated with rhizobacterial strains which were: SBCC (M9), RPR (32), RPR (33), WPS (8) PBS, SBCC (M8) and RPR (41). Salinity (9.65dS m-1) was

(3)

Table 2: Effect of AC C deaminase on growth and yield of rice

Treatments Plant Height (cm Plant-1) No. of tillers plant-1 Straw yield (g m-2) Grain yield (g m-2)

Control 71. 7d 6c 67. 7d 30. 7d

SBCC(M9) 88.0a 3de 72. 7d 33.0d

RPR(32) 75. 7cd 6c 92. 7c 42.0c

RPR(33) 82.3ab 6c 102. 3b 62. 7b

WPS(8) PBS 84.0ab 8a 106. 3b 74. 7a

SBCC(M8) 88.0a 7b 113. 3a 73.0a

RPR(41) 78.0bc 8a 106.0b 64.0ab

LSD (0.5%) 6. 3 1 6.9 6.3

Values followed by same letter(s) are statistically similar at P=0.05 level of significance

Table 3: Effect of ACC deaminase on the uptake of nutrients of rice plants

Treatments P% K% Na%

Control 0.087c 2.10gh 2.68a

SBCC(M9) 0.137b 3.10a 2.25b

RPR(32) 0.130b 2.90c 2.02c

RPR(33) 0.133b 2.80d 2.40 a

WPS(8) PBS 0.180a 2.70e 1.89bc

SBCC(M8) 0.077cd 2.47f 1.75 d

RPR(41) 0.123b 2.62e 1.82c

LSD (0.5%) 0.040 0.10 0.29

Values followed by same letter(s) are statistically similar at P=0.05 level of significance

statistical analysis using the STATISTIX statistical software (Version 8.1) and the mean values were compared using least significant difference (LSD) multiple range test (Steel and Torrie, 1997).

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Growth of rice plants was significantly influenced by different rhizobial strains containing ACC Deaminase activity under artificially developed saline conditions (ECe= 9.65 dS m-1) mentioned in table-2. The highest plant

height (88cm) was gained by inoculating SBCC (M8) which was statistically at par with SBCC (M9) and lowest height in plant (71.7 cm) was observed in control i.e. without inoculation. Inoculation of rice seed with rhizobial strains showed better performance in plant height justifying the toxic impacts of saline conditions (ECe=9.65 dS m-1) two

months after sowing. Number of tillers plant-1 showed

statistically significant results in data of rice plants inoculated with strains under saline environment as indicated in table-2. Maximum number of tillers plant-1(8)

was attained by WPS (8) which was statistically at par with RPR (41) strain. Remaining strains showed more number of tillers plant-1comparing with control under saline

conditions at ECe=9.65 dS m-1. Straw yield (g m-2) of rice

plants depicted statistically significant results in data of rice seeds inoculated with strains under saline environment as indicated in table-2. The highest straw yield (113.3g m-2)

was attained by SBCC (M8) the lowest straw yield (67.7g m-2) with control under saline conditions at ECe=9.65 dS

m-1. Grain yield is the most economical parameter of the

experiment. Significant findings were collected as depicted in table-2. SBCC (M8) ACC deaminaze containing PGPR strain attained the highest value (74.7g m-2). The lowest

value (30.77g m-2) attained in control treatment. Recently,

researchers have found that several ACC deaminase producing bacteria can promote the growth of plants under salt stress conditions (Akhgar et al. 2014 and Huang et al.

2013). Similar findings have been reported by Zahir et al.

(2011) and Zafar-ul-Hye et al. (2013) in other crops. Rice seed inoculated with different strains of bacteria having ACC deaminase effect on plant growth and yield under saline conditions (ECe= 9.65 dS m-1). Ionic

(4)

to higher uptake of Na+ at the expense of K+) and oxidative

stress (Pitman and Lauchli, 2002; Hussain et al., 2012).

CONCLUSION

This experiment revealed that growth of rice crop was improved and paddy yield was enhanced under salt stressed conditions through ACC deaminaze PGPR to induce salt tolerance due to reduction in ethylene production. Reduction in sodium ion uptake by rice plants tissues with application of different rhizobial strains having ACC deaminaze activity under saline environment is an encouraging sign to induce salt tolerance naturally and reduce the toxic effects of utilization of chemicals for reclamation of salt – affected lands.

REFERENCES

Akhgar AR, M Arzanlou, PAHM Bakker, M Hamidpour (2014) Characterization of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase-containing Pseudomonas spp. in the rhizosphere of salt stressed canola. Pedosphere 24: 461-468.

Babalola OO, Osir EO, Sanni AI et al. (2003) Amplification of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic (ACC) deaminase from plant growth promoting rhizobacteria in Striga-infested soils. African J Biotechnol 2:157-160.

Bal HB, L Nayak, S Das, TK Adhya (2013) Isolation of ACC deaminase producing PGPR from rice rhizosphere and evaluating their plant growth promoting activity under salt stress. Plant and Soil 366: 93-105.

Belimov AA, Hontzeas N, Safronova VI, Demchinskaya SV, Piluzza G, et al. (2005) Cadmium-tolerant plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria associated with the roots of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L. Czern). Soil Biol Biochem 37: 241-250.

Belimov AA, Safronova VI, Sergeyeva TA et al. (2001) Characterization of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria isolated from polluted soils and containing 1-aminocyclopropane- 1-carboxylate deaminase. Can J Microbiol 47:242-252.

Bleecker AB, Kende H (2000) Ethylene: a gaseous signal molecule in plants. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 16: 1-18. Farhoudi R, Hussain M, Lee D-J (2012) Modulation of

enzymatic antioxidants improves the salinity resistance in canola (Brassica napus). Int J Agric Biol 14:465-468. Glick BR (2004) Bacterial ACC deaminase and the

alleviation of plant stress. Adv Appl Microbiol 56:291– 312

Glick BR (2005) Modulation of plant ethylene levels bythe enzyme ACC deaminase. FEMS Microbiol Lett 251:1–7 Glick BR, Cheng Z, Czarny J, Duan J (2007a) Promotion of plant growth by ACC deaminase-containing soil bacteria. Eur J Plant Pathol 119:329–339

Glick BR, Todorovic B, Czarny J, Cheng Z, Duan J, McConkey B (2007b) Promotion of plant growth by

bacterial ACC deaminase. Crit Rev Plant Sci 26:227– 242

Huang H, M, Huang G Gan, X Liu, J Wang, (2013) Isolation and characterization of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase-containing plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria from carnation soil and roots. Afr J Microbiol Res 7: 5664-5668.

Hussain M, Jang KH, Farooq M et al. (2012) Morphological and physiological evaluation of Korean rice genotypes for salt resistance. Int J Agric Biol 14:970-974.

Hussain M, Park H-W, Farooq M et al. (2013a) Morphological and physiological basis of salt resistance in different rice genotypes. Int J Agric Biol 15:113-118. Ismail AM, Thapa B, Egdane J (2009) Salinity tolerance in

rice: physiological bases and implications on management strategies for better crop establishment. In: Improving productivity and livelihood for fragile environments IRRI technical bull. 13. International Rice Research Institute, Los Banos, pp 8–13

Kanwar, T. S. and S. L. Chopra. 1959. Practical Agricultural Chemistry. S. Chand and Co., Delhi. Lucy M, Reed E, Glick BR (2004) Applications of free living

plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 86:1–25

Mayak S, Tirosh T, Glick BR (2004) Plant growth-promoting bacteria confer resistance in tomato plants to salt stress. Plant Physiol Biochem 42:565–572

Nadeem SM, Zahir AZ, Naveed M et al. (2006) Variation in growth and ion uptake of maize due to inoculation with plant growth promoting rhizobacteria under salt stress. Soil Environ 25:78-84.

Penrose D. M., and Glick B. R., (2003). Methods for isolating and characterizing ACC deaminase-containing plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria. Physiologia Plantarum, 118: 10-15.

Pitman MG, Lauchli A (2002) Global impact of salinity and agricultural ecosystems. In: A. Lauchli and U. Luttge (eds) Salinity: Environment-Plants-Molecules. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht pp 3-20.

Qadir M, Quillérou E, Nangia V, Murtaza G, Singh M, et al. (2014) Economics of salt-induced land degradation and restoration. Natural Resources Forum 38: 282-295. Rasheed M, Mahmood T, Nazir MS (2003) Response of

hybrid maize to different planting methods and nutrient management. Pak J AgriSci 4:73-76.

Ryan, J., G. Estefan and A. Rashid. 2001. Soil and Plant Analysis Laboratory Manual. International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), Islamabad, Pakistan. 172p

Saleem M, Arshad M, Hussain S, Bhatti AS (2007) Perspective of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) containing ACC deaminase in stress agriculture. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 34:635–648 Saravanakumar D, Samiyappan R (2007) ACC deaminase

(5)

Siddikee MA, Glick BR, Chauhan PS, Yim W, Sa T (2011) Enhancement of growth and salt tolerance of red pepper seedlings (Capsicum annuum L.) by regulating stress ethylene synthesis with halotolerant bacteria containing 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid deaminase activity. Plant Physiol Biochem 49:427–434

Sparks, D.L., T.H. Carski, S.E. Fendorf, and C.V. IV. Toner, 1996. Kinetic methods and measurements. p. 1275-1307. In D.L. Sparks (ed.) Methods of soil analysis: Chemical methods. Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI.

Steel, R.G.D. and J.H. Torrie, 1997. Principles and Procedure of Statistics. McGraw Hill Book Co., Inc. Singapore, pp: 173–177.

Wang C, Ramette A, Punjasamarnwong P et al. (2001) Cosmopolitan distribution of phlD-containing dicotyledonous crop associated biological control Pseudomonads of worldwide origin. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 37:105-116.

Zafar-ul-Hye M, Ahmad M, Shahzad SM (2013) Synergistic effect of rhizobia and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria on the growth and nodulation of lentil seedlings under axenic conditions. Soil Environ 32:79-86.

Zahir ZA, Zafar-ul-Hye M, Sajjad S et al. (2011) Comparative effectiveness of Pseudomonas and

Serratiasp. Containing ACC-deaminase for co-inoculation with Rhizobium leguminosarumto improve growth, nodulation and yield oflentil. BiolFertil Soils 47:457-465

Zhu JK (2001) Plant salt tolerance: regulatory pathway, genetic improvement and model systems. Trends Plant Sci 6:66-71

Accepted 4 July, 2017

Citation: Arshadullah M, Hyder SI, Baber R, Sultan T. Screening Rhizobacteria containing Acc-Deaminase for Growth and Yield of Rice (Oryza sativa) under Salt Stress Conditions. International Journal of Plant Breeding and Crop Science 4(2): 243-247.

Figure

Table 3: Effect of ACC deaminase on the uptake of nutrients of rice plants

References

Related documents

The effect of various irrigation regimes and nitrogen fertility levels on lowland rice (FARO 44) and soil properties aimed at improving water and nitrogen

The mixed methods research study set out to examine the effect of mastery learning model supported with reflective thinking activities such as negotiated learning,

I want to see my blue water lilies again, to cradle them in my hands, to drink them in like water...

Interestingly, the WOMAC change in the first and final evaluations was significantly different in the two study groups, with 22.06 in varus and 30.14 in valgus patients (P < 0.001)

In summary, in our meta-analysis of RCTs, cilostazol following endovascular treatment for femoropopliteal PAD was shown to signi fi cantly reduce restenosis, target

On the other hand, number of colonies formed by BSB8-RR cells with tumor antigen knockout was slightly reduced compared to the control cells (compare lane 3 with 4), but it

The GPSS model, created in the web client application, can be sent to a server for its execution, which contains a GPSS interpreter and a modified simulation