• No results found

The Distribution of Fungal Seasonal Frequency in The Air of Zahedan, Iran

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2020

Share "The Distribution of Fungal Seasonal Frequency in The Air of Zahedan, Iran"

Copied!
5
0
0

Loading.... (view fulltext now)

Full text

(1)

! " ! " #$#%

&

&

'! ( ) * + ,- .

'-'! ( ) * + ,- .

'-/

/

/$0)

1/ 2$

3

!" # $ % & '( )* +, - & $./0 1 2 3

' 4 52

67 & *7 8 9 ' :0 ;:< = !" + 8 2 4 * >

3

4 ' 5 3

? " ? 67 := . @ 0 " * ' A

2:0

A A & ; 0 B 0 $ " % 6 * > CD / 4 4& % " ;

E F 4 + . " & GH & !-( I

JK4&* $( & " L

!7*J * " * 3

-3

A A " * ! M N O

2> P > / ( 3

' * : >

+2> 2 1 Q R*S"K I

T U LV G " /M I

LV & Q M&9 I T LV 2 3 & *7

WX@ ; <& % " Y

T ZZ 2@ 1 * [ G \/ Z T 2@ ]&*^ G \/ &

T N 2@ 3 8 4K X2 & *7 7_ ) 4& ; X> % "

8 - 2 3 8K 4 2: & * > 9(* ` > & 0 CD / J <K & *7 ' *

-aD F 2> +2 - " 3

8 $ 0 4 " 2 ' * - 67 *b 4 I

U T LV &

8 $ 4 67 8K ' * ( I

N T Y LV 3 & *7 ' ;= ? " 67 &

!> & /: I

1 AA T A P 3L

('$6 $ . 3

*M c +, ) " & * : 4 $ & E F !> 2 !

&*d e *=) J <K ( ! ;< 4 f *" f7 9 & 2 K & !7 !" 3 ( + ' *0*g 2" *b/ 1 K 4 > h &

2> >4 K +, & ; * * & ' &20 3

@ i % _D 7*D 4 ;:< = ' 4

* 2> 2 . 8 j>9M & > 2 9 ; * 3

(/$ 7 ( 3

8 2 4 1 1

'* 8* '!9

8 2 4 j>9M G + \- +2j- " /> ]&*j +&*J 1 j>9M

( . (/!

8 2 4 j>9M G + \- k & \ +&*J 1 j>9M +2j- >

" /

:$ '

8 2 4 j>9M G + \- k & \ +&*J 1 j>9M +2j- " />

( '$- ; < / %

8 2 4 j>9M G + \- \ 2> Q /> ( + 1 " />

( =

8 2 4 j>9M G + \- !> 2 +&*J 1 !> 2 +2j-

> /2 .

l - * ? X * b

?@

l ZU AAY m AYU

A$. ' 0B C D 3

Mazhar-i-qureshi@yahoo.com

E 3

8 2 4 m * - 8 2 m +2j-

j>9M * M

B # F

l T Z T

!. GHF 3

ZA T U T

B # 5' ID

l T Y T

(2)

; ; ?& + & \- 4K G ?& + & \- 4K G I

I + > + > L L 8 $ 0& 1 8 $ 0& 1

/#

+2//( + <K j R < ; 4

;( 2/> J

* 2:

%_j-8 $

2/ 3

1 " .

1#"K * b B R*<K

& ! / & ! - &* 14 j j & 14 j 0 * b

' * : > 4 +* ^ & 4 / "

4 > h

2/ $ I L3

n D !@*7 8 / ;

& 42 * "

8 9 & / o 8

\ ) " 1

*\ $ & # )2 1

4 " j-2 I Z L3

2/ 0 +&_:

%_^ & * p

1;7 1 +2> +* )

+ q

r^ &

; 7 * sj0 & 2> 1

G " t < q

2 *J ' & *

3 ; 4 j 8K

!" Q R*S"K 4 > ' $( 0_7K

3

B #" '

2> 9 9 D*"

I & Z L3

; ; J * sj0 & 2>

* b

& f / & & 67 1! D 1E F % *i ;

!" ; $ & % X(* & % Xi * b u r^ 3

q /0

EX0* 4 2i 0 ; J

2> ; =/ * e )

3 CD /

7 e )& *J M & 8 7 D ! : * (

4 $ ! X>

2/( 2 M e ) 7

I & L3

CD / & * . % :< =

!" ; 7*J % @ -( * " & 8 *

3 % :< = '

CD / C : S" ;( 2/ 8 -

0& . *\ 2j 2/

i ; =/ B i &

1 0 1 j$

:/@ q * > ; > i&

2/> %& . *\ 2j C : S"

I 3 O m

U L

; J ) " * > ; i B i

*J 2 K 4 %& .

1 ;( 'j

" vv 4 ! vv v vv vv vv vv * vv c v " ; vv ) vv vv vv 8

(Building Related Illness)

2/> I & L3 ! 0 *(

9 #- ; * ! . > 2 0

S" 4

2> C :

3

'* 8* '!9 0

J

J KL

> 8 & 5* 4 wM C : S" 2:0 xH :

v ; 2 2

2 ( %2>

3

8 9 ;( D / <&

!" * ( J2 1

J &*j 2:0

v 9 v v v v -vv " 4 * v v * v D / v C v v > vv 2 3

v vv -v * v v v v v " v Mv

2/ j-0 7&*

> & v v: v v ' * K v v "K vS v R* v v 1Q Mv /v " v v v v 1G vvv ( v 1

vvv " " M&9 vvv M j vv M H vvv 1w ( v "& _ vS v v <K 1G v v * v v 1

> * & G . " 1G 4 7 1G &*(K

v 2/ 3 = v <v :v %

' :0 b/ ; 8 /( & ;> J * > & * .

J <K q & 8 9 !" ; 7*J % @

I U m L3

8 4* ; 4 ;/ 4 u $ * +&_ 8 2 4 * >

*0 &

1; \ q X0 4 $

& 8 7 D P4& & ! : #( *0

" ;

!> 2 8 ' M & ;< " ' 2/ < $j-) !

1

; 4 q > * X" / E *>

& I

L3 7 ' :0 " * ' 4 52

8 2 4 * > ; J B j.0 ;

? 67

!" + 4& ; X> % " & ; J

3

4 ' 5

? " ? 67 . @ 0 " * '

A

!" ; 7*J % @ 8 2 4 * > 3

* J ; b/ ; 1

8 2 4 * >

; A 2 *J # $ 0 ; i 3

;- Q " * ; i + ' >

*

] 8 2 4 2>

* > ; > i & 9(* c G 0 +2 * &

8 2 4 3

; 1 4 > j ' ! : *b 4

1 \- 4K 1 "

J ( & :/@ 1

! : f 0 9( *

; > i & 9(* 3

* x A

* ;( D 4 Xj 4&

G 2(

2> ] 7 60 ; J + i 4

1 ;" ; X>

2 K : * J ; 4&

3

x n 0*0 ' 2

A A ; 0 ;

2 *J 3

% " * ;

m O 1WX@ Z m & * [ m O

*6 * 2> 3 * * J ; 1

!-( E F & i M

JK4&* $( & "

(SDA)

%2 ; Y

4K ;

" 4 * B &2i q .0 vv

4 W= vvv '

(Luminar boundary)

!7*J * I

Z & L + \ K & ; $ ! M ]

2> + \- 4K ; &

!7 ? 8 " w *7 3

? 4 2: ;

0 j ZY 1 ; D

A GH & !-( 1 / ( P > 4 2: 4&

(Slide Culture)

* !7*J % @ w/ o -0 3

(3)

MN J & & '-/ '! ( ) * + ,- . / '! ( ) * + ,- . " />

2 ( j> & R < 7 ; ; 0

1 j> 1y 1

* ; 0 / ( !-M y & +*b/

!7*J 3 / (* 4 ; 0 # $ GH '0 ( /7 (H 9 K y B ( ;

2> 3 *

4 ; 7 ;u

. @ 0 K ?& 2

8 4K &

K

X2

:0 & ' 8 / D ; @ 7 2 *J + . "

3 W="

4 * ( 8 / D Y

V

2> ; 7*J *b /:

3

-;:< = ' A A

M & !-( 2 *

;

4 ? " & ? 67 4 *

A ;=

8 2 4 * > *

& 2> x :

N O

4 / (

O

2 K !" ; k w/

3

?&2 ;( =

+ >

' +2> 2 k ' *0 8 & *7 2 8 -

;:< = Q R*S"K I T U LV 2> 3 2@ G $ /M & *7

2> H x X$ 9

I 3LV & *7 *\ +2> 2

> Q M&9 I T LV 1 vv * I Y LV 1 * <K vvv I T U LV 1

G S"& _(

I O T LV

G 4 7 1

I Z LV 1 ( I LV G . " 1 I O T A LV 1 $M H M j" vvvvvvv w I U T A LV 1 G vvvS"&*j I Z T A V L1 uR vv j *0 v G I Z T A LV 1 vv 4 v 2 v G I U T A LV 1 " v/ v $ v. v < vv $ v v G&* I Z T A LV 1 (K v &* vv v v G I T A LV 1 $M w I T A LV 1 * " & I U T A LV 2> 3 & *7

*\ 2j 4& ; X> % "

!> 2 7_ ) 3 I AY T A P> L & *7 % "

?&2 8K 8 / D ; @ 7 &2i & 4& ; X>

+ > !" +2> ;u

3

Y T Z 2@

67 ; c * 4

1

U T 2@ 18 $ 0 67 ; c * Z

T ZU 2@ ; c *

& 9 u M 67 N

T Y 2@

2> 8 $ 4 67 ; c *

3

T ZZ 2@

1WX@ ; c * 4

Z T 2@ ; c *

& * [ T N 2@

2> n> ; c *

I 3 + > ?&2

Z L 8 4K

X2

& *7 ' &

2 8 - /: ;= ? " ? 67

. I 1 AA T A < P L

; @ 7 &2i & ? " 67 n$i * ( & *7

+ > ?&2 8K 8 / D

!" +2> ;u 3

4 ; c * & *7 ' *

-1!" * > 9(* ;( 8 2 4 :/@

I O T U LV 2> 3 & *7 2@ 4 + \- 4K

G2 U T 2@

8 " 1

T 2@

8 " aD F 1

z X H #0 ) T

Z K # *( 1 T

N 2@ 1 K * > Y T N 2@ + ;" 1

+ \- 8 ) T O 2@ 1 !s: Z T O 2@

8 " &

* > ; > i ' 0

N T U 2@ 2> 3 /O 3

/ '! ( / / ( !) * 7 .

'-!. 2$ P F - . 8 Q R ( !. S G '

/O T 3

/ '! ( / /O ( !) * . '- &

4 Q R ,- ( ' . . S G '

U%

' ; 7

v = v <v :v ; v -v 8 v v "K 2 vS v R* v v Q I U T U LV &

G " /M I

LV

8 2 4 * > ' * : >

2/> 3

12/ $ B 7 *0 ' ;j/ ; ; 0

xH i

{ & EX0* K & *7

2> 8 2 4 * > *J H D

.

18 .@ 1 9 * > ;( 0 :< =

14 8 * 0 I m

U L

& ; (*0 18 0 1 j * K1'M R 1! ( 1' 8 | -(&

V * W . X8F

'!Y ',

2$ P F

-E Z'[4 \\ TL] ^NM ^_ J _M ^ J T_^

$ $4 2D TK TK_ T_^ \T J ]M T

E D ` .' B M] L\ \ ^] J ] J _L ' R TM ^M ^] K^ J _ ^ J ^T

!) * ' 4 ^^ \N ]M \ J TM ] J _T +,-! `$; D & O /F X8F ^T L J ^N a \ _ J T] a T_ a __ M J M a KT] M J TT '!Y TNN ^ J T] a T^] ^ J ^T a ]^ ] J T^ a TT ] J _ a ]^T T J ^\ S T M ^ J T\ a TK] _ J ^T a \N ] J T^ a _ K J M a ]M\ ^ J ^L & O /F MK] M J T\ a _NT K J ^ a K_K T J TK a ^NK L J M a L ] NN

(4)

; ; ?& + & \- 4K G ?& + & \- 4K G I

I + > + > L L 8 $ 0& 1 8 $ 0& 1

; 7*J % @ 1

/M & Q R*S"K 9 8 9 ' * - G "

2/ > & *7

3

8 $ 0 ; c * & *7 8 9 ' *

-I U T LV &

8 $ 4 ; c * 8K ' * ( I

N T Y LV 1 *b 4 ;(

9 K

/:

I

1

AA T A

< P

L

3 H x X$ q >

B 7 *0 8 $ 0

!" 'j

4 j

' k S" & *7 8 9 8 H

2> 67

3

4& M % " S" & *7

8 - 97

3

K *b 4 97 ' ;( 2/ *

/:

X

2" *b ; 1

& !7 4 > 2 K

* -+2/( *M&

e )& *J 82> 2>

3

8 2 4 * > J, & 4

\- P4&

!" ? " 4& *s(

xH : ;(

' 8K ! *" ZA

< OA

& !" ! " * (

; !

+ * n ^ ; H " P e2 8 9 4 > j-) !" e ) & *J 3

*0*M c 9 & *7 ' *0H

*0 8 9 & ! : #( *0 ;( 4 * b * > 9(*

H

!" 3 2 xH i

82> +2/( *M & !> 2 ! G

*g ' 9 9X" & + * b r^

2/>

.

:/@ e* > & *7 8 9 ' * (

I O T U LV +2

-2 *J 3

J2/( *M H & *7 ; *\ % :< =

!" +2> + > :/@ c

I m Z L3

'* 8* '!9 0

T

T

M

M

;( 8 2 4 :/@ e* > & *7 8 ' M xH i

< = ' vvv @ i ;: vvv +2> 1 vvv

4 >

v G2

_d 7 &

* X" / F ;( !" :/@

2/ $ 2>

3 *\ 4

1 2 2> j-) 8 0 *g

u M

& ! < :7 W=" 8 '

*( + > &2F *0 & ! : 8 e2 x & ? :7 9( *

3

;= ;( ' 0 4 " 8 " & *7 8 9

* > ; > i & f.0*

2> 1 N T U

" & 2@

2

4 * > 9(*

Z 2@ 3 i ' xH

J <K 8 9 %& .0

W="

1;< 4 f7 & !> 2

&

) * - *0 9 & K 4 > ! D & 9X" }7 & 8 )

;= * > 3

; > i ; =/ & 4 G& S"&*j ;" *d i ;:< =

I ' - * 7 L

H & *7 xH i ;( 2> 2

' |(

;= CD / I 3

L

. /* '0

! & : +4 i & j>9M * M +2j- - &,M > 4 ; " / 2

' G 8 j < ! i & n 60 ;( + \- - &,M

+ # *7 " *

2 ; @ 2

*J 3

/O ^

3 ( !) * 7 .

'-'! ( / /

Q R ,- /

2$ P F - 4

!.

+,-V * W . !

`$; D 2$ P F

-E Z'[4 T]N

T ] ]K

TL TT

J _N M J L]

$ $4 2D ]^

TNM KM

N KK

J KN T J M\

.' B E D ` _L

_M M

TK ^M

J TN M J TM

' R ^

^_ TL

L TK

J N T J TK

!) * ' 4 TT

]L _M

TT K^

J TL K]

(5)

References

1)Flannigan G, Samsom RA, miller J,“Microorganism in

Home & indoor work Environment ” 1st Ed London , Taylor &

Francis 2001;33-15,247-265

2)Betty A , Forbes Daniel F , Sahm Alices , Diagnostic

Microbiology. 10th Ed. Mosby; 1998. 886-905.940-946.

(

K4&* 7 u d 1 ? X * b - * 1

Q 2 |( R < 0

8 2 4 ~*> n XD 1 m

+ > G& ? " &

Z m 8 $ 0 & ON ;F.@

m O 3

U

(

*.: m :" X 1

9 7 " *

1 G + \- ;

+ > # /M ? " 9 j>9M Z

;F.@ ZU 3 ? " O 3

Y

(

d M2 F 1 02 F 2 1

+2//( + <K " *

8 " ~ 0 "& & 3

- ? " 1 8_ J j>9M G + \- ; #

+ > ZN & A 8 $ 0 O 3

(

:$ m 2 ' 4 1 * 0 * > 7 " * 1 8

OZ

!> 2 +2j- ; 8 M m

8 * 0 j>9M G + \- 3

O

(

_ > 4 > m

u * 4 '$i N

3 " *

8 .@ 3 + > # ? " j>9M G b ; Z

;F.@ A

8).Shelton BG, Kirkland KH, Flanders WD, Morris GK,

Profiles of airborne fungi in buildings & outdoor environment in the United States. Appl.Env.Mirob.2002 ; 68(4):1743-53

& &

'-/ '! ( ) * + ,- .

/ '! ( ) * + ,- .

9)Khan ZU, Khan MA, Chandy R, Sharma PN, Aspergillus

and other moulds in the air of Kuwait ,Mycopathologia 1999, 146 (1):25-32.

10) Fang Z, Ouyang Z, Hu L, Wang X, Zheng H, Lin X,

Culturable airborne fungi in outdoor environments in Beijing, China. Sci Total Environ.2005.1:350(1-3):47-58.

11)Pei-Chih W, Huey-Jen S, Chia-Yin L, chractristic of

indoor & outdoor airborne fungi at suburban & urban homes in two season TAIWAN – Sci. Total Envir.2000 ; 15; 253 (1-3):111-118.

12) Sakai , Tsubouchi H, Mitani K. Airborne Conventration of

fu ngal indoor air. Pollutants in dwellings in Nagoya, Japan. Nippon Koshu Eisei Zasshi 2003; 20(10); 1017-29

13) Cetinkaya Z, Fidan F, Unlu, Hasenekoglu I, et al.

Assessment of indoor air fungi Western_anatolia, Turkey.Asia Pac. J Allergy Immunol.2005 Jun-Sep;23(2-3):87-92.

14) Kosalec I, Klaric MS, Pepeljnjak S. Verruculogen

production in airborne & clinical isolates of Aspergillus fumigatus Fres. Acts Pharm. 2005; 55(4):357-64.

15) Adhikari A, Sen MM, Gupta-Bhattacharya S , Chanda S.

Airborne viable, non-vible, and allergenic fungi in a rural agricultural area of India: a 2-year study at five outdoor sampling stations. Sci Total Environ. 2004 Jun 29;326 (1-3):123-41.

Downloaded from goums.ac.ir at 19:28 +0430 on Friday September 18th 2020

References

Related documents

The average density of colorful fungi like Cladosporium spp, Alternaria spp and bladed fungi like Penicillium spp were higher in winter than in spring and there was a

The concentration of airborne dust and fungi de- clined towards the end of fattening period, which was attributed to the decreased animal activity and increased litter

From among numerous kinds of airborne fungal spores the concentration of the following taxa was studied: Alternaria, Botrytis, Cla- dosporium, Drechslera type, Epicoccum,

Table 4.7 Diversity index of water layers during the study period 86 Table 4.8 Diversity index of sampling stations during the study period 86 Table 4.9 Importants species

Soil cores were taken from agricultural grassland soils across three different sampling scales (farm, field, and core) using a systematic sampling approach3. Spatial distribution

Indeed, the EDC and cumulative air-impaction sampling results highlighted the differences between the fungal airborne levels in the two public buildings in Aubagne and

The levels of airborne bacteria and fungi were determined in the outdoor air of four selected zones in this governorate: Al-Mafraq downtown, Al al-Bayt University, Al-Zaatary

In this research winter air masses in Iran were identified by the following calculation process and data of 63 first- degree synoptic stations (Fig.1) and in 1961-2004 period