Review Class Day 3
The Byzantine Empire, Islam, European Middle Ages, The Crusades, The Gupta and Early African Kingdoms
Division of the Roman Empire
-Renamed Byzantium ________________________________ ______________________________ (trade & defense)
The eastern half of the Roman empire came to be called the _____________________________ and flourished until its fall in ____________
Ended persecution of Christians in 313 AD with the ___________________________________ The Byzantine Empire
________________________ ruled from 527-565 Autocrat =
_______________________ = body of civil law, including Roman laws, legal writings & a student handbook Art & architecture that blended Greek, Roman, Persian & other Middle Eastern styles: Church of
________________, mosaics, religious icons Religion: _______________________ Christianity
Lasting influence: legal code, religion, architecture, _____________________ alphabet (Greece, Russia)
Islam
_____________________________
Founded by __________________________ in AD 622 in Arabia Five Pillars of Faith
Sacred Text: ___________________________
___________________ = Religious laws that regulated moral behavior, family life, business, government & other areas of community
Split: _______________ & ______________________ Abbasid Dynasty took control in 750 CE
Moved capital to _____________________, which became a cultural and scientific center of learning Oversaw the beginning of The Golden Age of Islam
Areas of Golden Age linked by common religion Islamic Civilization
Located in…
Characteristics of Islamic Society
Allowed ________________________
___________________ of other religions (Christians & Jews had to ____________ but were not persecuted) Slavery, but could buy or earn freedom
Women had ___________________ but not equal to those of men
European Middle Ages (500-1500 AD)
Society with roots in classical _____________, ________________________________ & customs of Germanic tribes Threat of _______________________________ had a strong influence on society
Trade disrupted/money scarce
People fled cities/moved to the country Caused illiteracy to increase (“Dark” Ages) Loss of a common language caused disunity
-____________________ was extremely important & created a common bond within society “Age of Faith” Feudalism & Manoralism
Social/economic/political system based on ________________ & _________________________ Pyramid-shaped society
Manor = lord’s estate/a __________________________________________
Consisted of the lord’s manor house, _________________, workshops, homes of 15-30 families; surrounded by fields, pastures & woodlands
Life was harsh for serfs—hard work, no freedom, illness, malnutrition Paid high taxes to the lord (bread, marriage, tithe = church)
Looked to ______________________________ for support/accepted their role (God determined a person’s place in society)
The Crusades
Merchants profited from loaning money to finance the trips, leasing ships to transport soldiers & controlling trade routes
Get rid of quarrelsome knights Religious motives:
“Holy war” to gain control of ________________________ & the Holy land (located in _________________; controlled by _________________________)
Both _____________ & _____________ were zealous
Knights who died in a Crusade were assured a place in heaven Effects of the Crusades
Negative effects
-Lessened the power of the Pope & weakened the Feudal nobility (arguably this was a good thing) Caused ____________________________________________________ & religious intolerance to grow Positive effects
Heroes born e.g.: Richard the Lionhearted
-______________________ cities grew rich Eventually a middle class would emerge
-_________________________________ from the Muslims
More people would begin to embrace a ___________________________
The Gupta Empire (AD 320-550)
The Gupta began in __________________________ and spread south and east, uniting all (or most) of India for the first time since the Mauryan Dynasty
The Gupta developed along the rich, fertile ________________ River and Plain and by the _______________ River and were protected by the ______________________ Mountains
Strong influence of Hinduism on society
-___________________________ maintained a rigid social structure -__________________________ lived a harsh life
Important Contributions
Temples for worship & __________________ = burial shrines __________________________, Khalidasa (poet)
The Guptas brought about a Hindu Revival Gupta rulers practiced Hinduism
Financially supported Hinduism
-Promoted Hindu leaders Allowed Buddhism
The Gupta Empire reinforced and expanded the Hindu caste system More levels of Castes added
Caste System ________________________ enforced All aspects of village life were organized around Caste: Gupta Medicine
Used herbs & created medicines, could set bones (so they would heal), created ______________________ (early vaccinations) against smallpox, _______________________ (to repair scars)
China
______________ Dynasty fell in 220 AD No notable ruling dynasty from 220-618
-However, they maintained a fairly peaceful & economically prosperous civilization during this time Tang, AD 618-907
Japan
Geography: __________________________ = group of islands
Ocean is a source of food, means of transportation, method of protection ____________________________ Isolated, but influence from ______________ & ______________
____________________, so difficult to ______________ & ________________
Terrain is unpredictable, so developed a respect for the ____________________________ Religion
Shinto = “way of the gods”
Africa: The Bantu
The Bantu are a group of 300-600 ethnic groups who originated in West Africa Developed agriculture and iron-working ~3,000 years ago
__________________ south in search of fertile land (the Sahara had started to dry out & expand) 500 BCE-1500 CE/AD
As the Bantu migrated they spread their ________________ and knowledge of iron-working with them throughout Sub-Saharan Africa
___________________ of all African language originates from Bantu
The Bantu migrations are an example of ____________________: The spread of ideas from one culture to another Ancient African Kingdoms
Axum (900 BC –AD 600)
Trade between Africa, India & Mediterranean Sea (____________________) Ghana (AD 800-1000)
_____________ & ______________ trade Mali (AD 1200-1450)
Mansa Musa (a Muslim, went on a _____________) Controlled ____________ - ______________ trade ___________________ was a cultural learning center _________________ (AD 1450-1600)
Controlled trade routes ______________ (AD 1300-1500s)
Cotton weavers & leather workers Trade routes
________________ (1500s)
Traded Ivory, pepper & slaves with the Portuguese Bronze & brass sculpture
Quiz
1. Which river is most closely associated with Hinduism? Nile (2) Tigris (3) Yellow (4) Ganges
2. Which individual developed an Asian philosophy associated with the five relationships, filial piety, and the Analects? (1) Laozi (Lao Tzu) (2) Confucius (3) Han Wudi (4) Siddhartha Gautama
4. In India, for which achievement is the Gupta Golden Age best known? (1) adoption of the printing press
(2) invention of the iron foot stirrup (3) use of gunpowder
(4) development of the concept of zero
5. The primary reason the Bantu-speaking people of West Africa migrated southward and eastward between 500 B.C. and A.D. 1500 was to
(1) flee warfare (3) establish a colonial empire (2) seek religious freedom (4) find land for farming and grazing
6. African kingdoms such as Ghana, Songhai and Axum flourished mainly because they (1) Controlled important trade routes
(2) Developed self-sufficient economies
(3) Became religious centers considered sacred by Africans (4) Received support from European colonial governments
7. Which statement about the Islamic Golden Age is a fact rather than an opinion? (1) Islamic medicine was more advanced than Chinese medicine.
(2) Poetry and literature were more important fields of study for Muslims than was mathematics. (3) Knowledge of astronomy was used by Muslims to fulfill religious obligations.
(4) Islamic philosophies relied less on Greek philosophical masters than on Indian philosophical masters.
8. The early eastern European Slavic civilization at Kiev adopted the Eastern Orthodox religion, the Cyrillic alphabet, and certain styles of art and architecture as a result of
(1) wars with Japan (2) conquests by Mongol invaders (3) visits to western European countries (4) trade with the Byzantine Empire
