Sort the following words into 3 categories
1. Matter
2. Not matter
3. Not sure
Peanut butter water
Fish garbage
Time motion
The human brain carbon dioxide gas
Yourself an idea
Matter has Mass and Volume
Matter = anything that has mass and volume
Volume = The amount of space an object occupies (ml)
Mass = How difficult it is to change the objects state of
Atoms are basic units of matter
Matter is made up of atoms
Atoms form clusters with other atoms called Molecules
Molecule = Neutral group of atoms held together by
Properties of Matter
Chemists describe matter by their properties or
characteristics: They can be intensive or extensive!
Physical Properties
Physical property = a property that can be observed or measured without changing the composition of matter.
Color(intensive) Texture(???)
State of matter = solids, liquids, gas are physical properties.
Solids = fixed volume and shape. Molecules form a rigid
Liquids = fixed volume but variable shape
Gasses = no fixed shape or volume. Expand to fill any
container.
Plasma = 4th state of matter. Atoms are torn apart into
Chemical Properties
Chemical Property = Properties that are only
observable when one substance interacts with another
Reactivity with acid
Extensive/Intensive Properties
Extensive Properties = Properties that depend on the quantity of matter present.
Intensive property = does not depend on the amount of matter present
Energy = The ability to move or change matter.
When atoms form molecules energy is involved When molecules change energy is involved
Kinetic Energy
Kinetic energy = The type of energy that moving objects have.
Kinetic energy depends on 2 things
Potential Energy
Energy Transformations
Relating Mass and Energy
Mass is a form (type) of energy!
Law of Conservation of Energy
Law of conservation of energy = Energy cannot be created or destroyed.
Energy may be transferred
Matter Changes
Change of state is a physical change!
Endothermic Change = Changes
that take heat from the surroundings.
Exothermic Change = Changes
Chemical Change = change where one or more substances are changed into new substances.
Mixture or Pure Substances:
Matter can be classified as a pure substances or mixture.
Pure substance = matter made of only one kind of
atom or molecule.
CO2
Mixture = collection of 2 or more pure substances
Homogenous mixture = Mixture in which the substances are uniformly distributed.
Salt water
Gasoline
Heterogeneous mixture= Substances that are not
Elements
Elements = the simplest pure substance, because they contain only one type of atom.
Allotropes = different molecular forms of an element in the same physical state.
O2 Gas and O3 Gas
Buckminsterfulerenes
Buckyballs and Nanotubes?
The next space elevator may use carbon nanotubes.
Compounds
Compound = Pure substances that are composed of 2 or more different elements chemically combined.
Standard Units
Si Units (Systeme Internationale)
Combines a prefix and a suffix
Suffix:
Quantity Unit Symbol
Length Meter m
Mass gram g
Time Second s
Electric current Ampere A Thermodynamic
Temperature
Kelvin K
Amount of substance
Mole mol
Luminous Intensity
Prefix:
Prefix Symbol Scientific Notation
Multiplier
mega M 106 1000000
kilo k 103 1000
hecto h 102 100
deka da 101 10
deci d 10-1 0.1
centi c 10-2 0.01
milli m 10-3 0.001
micro u 10-6 0.000001
nano n 10-9 0.000000001
A neat scale model site:
Derived Units cannot be reduced
SI base units cannot measure every observable property
Density = g/mL or g/cc Speed = m/s or km/hr Area = cm2
Derived units are created by multiplying or dividing base units.
Area units: m x m = m2
Accuracy and Precision
Accuracy = how close to the true value are we.
Precision = how well we can
Practice
Determine the number of significant figures (s.f.) in each of the following:
a) 921 b) 92100 c) 92100. d) 0.000210
More practice…
a) 986.72 / 5.12 = b) 497.7 / 3.0 =
Remember to:
Do section reviews.
Chapter reviews
Worksheets
Review notes
Wksh how to take a chem test???green wksheet
Review time before school?
