Advanced Traffic Signal Control System for
Congestion Control
C.Jerlin Ajith Davidson Aaron Thomas
Assistant Professor UG Scholar
Department of Electronics Communication Engineering Department of Electronics Communication Engineering CCET, OddanchatramTamilnadu – 624619 CCET, OddanchatramTamilnadu – 624619
Midhun T Sam Philip
UG Scholar UG Scholar
Department of Electronics Communication Engineering Department of Electronics Communication Engineering CCET, OddanchatramTamilnadu – 624619 CCET, OddanchatramTamilnadu – 624619
Vipin Thomas
UG Scholar
Department of Electronics Communication Engineering CCET, OddanchatramTamilnadu – 624619
Abstract
Intelligent traffic management system is a technique which is based on the queue length of vehicles in each traffic signal side. Radio Frequency identification (RFID) tag is placed in each vehicle. RFID reader, NSK EDK-125-TTL and PIC16F877A are the other equipments used here to avoid congestion. The vehicles are counted, detects the presence or absence of vehicles and accordingly traffic signal light is displayed. If the stolen vehicle passes the traffic pole, RFID reader identifies and sends the message to police control room, takes the photograph of the driver and Gate Model blocks the vehicle from passing through the junction. When the emergency vehicle reaches the junction, green light is turned ON using Zigbee module. The main aim of this technique is to reduce the waiting time of the vehicles.
Keywords: RFID, ZigBee, CC2500, SIM300, PIC16F877A, NSK EDK- 125-TTL, congestion control, emergency vehicle, theft vehicle
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I. INTRODUCTION
Increasing traffic congestion is critical problem due to slow growth in traffic policies with the current pace of growth. In the late 1990s, vehicle miles travelled increased 72% in the U.S while the number of lane miles increased only by 1%. Today, congestion control is the need of the hour. Zigbee, RFID and GSM are the technologies used in intelligent traffic control system to provide solutions for traffic congestion. RFID technology uses radio frequency electromagnetic energy to carry information between the RFID tag and RFID reader. RFID systems work up to the range of 100 meters. Zigbee operates in ISM bands and and it is used to transmit and receive the data at 9600 baud rate. GSM is a technology which uses a SIM card and used over a mobile phone operator. The traffic light phases are synchronized to minimize the car stoppage and reduce the waiting time if the count of the vehicles in the other side is more.
II. WORK MODULE
Intelligent traffic systems are necessary traveler information, freeway and arterial management, emergency management, and parking management, increasingly rely on monitoring of real-time traffic network conditions [section 7.1]. Traditional transportation management divisions such as transportation planning and pavement maintenance also need the associated traffic data.
GSM Module SIM 300
In GSM Module SIM 300 a GSM modem is connected with the microcontroller which allows the computer to use the GSM modem to communicate over the mobile network. These GSM modems are always used to provide mobile internet connectivity which also can be used for sending and receiving SMS and MMS messages. It works on frequencies EGSM 900 MHz, DCS 1800 MHz and PCS 1900 MHz.
RFID Reader-125 kHz-TTL
Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is an IT system that transmits signals without the presence of physical gadgets in wireless communication and is categorized under automatic identification technology. Its working is very simple. The tags store the data and information about the things to be traced. The reader reads the radio frequency and identifies the tags. The antenna transmits the information to the reader. There are two types of RFID active and passive tags. The tags that do not utilize the power are known as passive and the tags that rely on power is known as active.
III. WORKING METHODS
There are mainly 3 methods, they are
Automatic Traffic Signal Control
Fig. 1: Automatic traffic control system
In this operation,all vehicles have RFID tags and RFID reader is kept at the traffic pole.The unique identification number of each vehicle is transmitted to the RFID reader. The microcontroller present in the module counts the number of vehicles in a lane.According to the count, the duration of green light is set.The duration of the green light could be 10s,20s or 30s.
The RFID reader determines total number of vehicles passing through the junction.RFID reader works with frequency 125kHz
Emergency Vehicle Identification And Clearance System
Fig. 2: Emergency vehicle clearance system
When the emergency vehicle with zigbee transmitter reaches the junction,then the zigbee receiver identifies it as an emergency vehicle and it will turn the green light ON for 30s duration.
Stolen Vehicle Detection
When the RFID tag containing stolen vehicle passes the juction,the RFID reader identifiesn it and hence the traffic signal turns to red,the gate gets closed and the image of the driver is captured and send to police control room.Asms is also send to policeman after it detects the prescence of a theft vehicle.
Fig. 4: pin diagram
Fig. 5: (a) ZigBee module CC2500. (b) Pin diagram of PIC16F877A. (c) GSM Module SIM300. (d) RFID reader–125 kHz–TTL.
V. RESULT AND DISCUSSION
Initially, RFID tags are placed in every vehicles. The RFID reader connected with microcontroller will detect RFID tags, this is basic principle of Automatic Signal Control System which we have proposed. The the traffic conjection can be reduced by controlling the traffic lights.
Fig. 6: (c) Emergency Vehicle Identification
The figure (c) shows Emergency Vehicle Identification and Clearance System. Zigbee transmitter and receiver are the main components used which helps to identify the emergency vehicles and clear a way for the emergency vehicle.
The theft vehicle detection and its blockage are mainly done by using RFID reader, camera, gate closing etc. This project is mainly aimed for the modern world.
VI. CONCLUSION
The present traffic system operate on a timing mechanism in which fixed timings of signal are allocated at each lane.Consequently it will lead to increase waiting time and traffic congestion.This intelligent traffic control system should be adopted to optimize the unnecessary time delay and network capacity.The accidental persons could be brought to the hospital without any queue.Also theft vehicle can be traced and such losses can be reduced.
The longer range of RFID is complex and expensive.If GPS is fixed in the vehicle in unbreakable pattern,the exact location can be found. The long queues of the traffic can be controlled only to a small extend. Depending on the principle of traffic congestion formation, congestion volume is determined which can be used to evaluate the real-time status of traffic congestion along the segment, and to predict the subcriticalstate of traffic jams at the junctions. The result is to support the signal timing optimization of traffic light control system to avoid traffic jams before its formation.
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