APA 6 TH EDITION WORKSHOP. Part 2: The Reference List & Reference Examples

APA 6

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The information in these slides is not intended as a substitute for the Publication Manual of the

American Psychological Association, 6th _Edition.

Refer to it, as well as www.apastyle.org, as the definitive guide to the APA style.

For LIS EOP papers, remember that the LIS EOP Examination Guide supersedes the APA guidelines for LIS EOP writing.

It is each student’s responsibility to learn the rules and guidelines appropriate to whatever project he or she is working on.

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APA 6th_{Manual: p. 37; Section 2.11}

APA 6th_{Manual: p. 174; Section 6.11}

o The reference list appears at the end of the

paper. This is a “works cited” list, not a “works consulted” list!

• If a work is significant enough in your research

preparation, it should probably be paraphrased at least somewhere in the paper too.

o General rule-of-thumb: every unique in-text

citation should have a matching full entry in the reference list!

• (Personal communications are the exception.)

o Likewise, every reference item should be cited or

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APA 6th_{Manual: p. 37; Section 2.11}

APA 6th_{Manual: pp. 180-183; Section 6.22 and 6.25}

o Alphabetize the reference list, according to the

first significant element in the reference (name or title).

o The reference list is double-spaced.

o See page 180 for acceptable abbreviations, such

as ed. = edition, Rev. ed. = Revised edition, etc.

o Use a hanging indent format:

Example:

Publication manual of the American Psychological Association. (2010).

Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

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APA 6th_{Manual: pp. 181-186; Sections 6.25 and 6.29}

APA 6th _{references usually follow a basic format and}

contain basic elements:

Creator(s), date, title(s), and publication information.

Books:

Author, A. A. (2011). Book title. City, ST: Publisher.

Periodicals:

Author, A. A. (2011). Article title. Journal Title, x(x), xx-xx. doi:10xxxxx

These formats are somewhat flexible however, to match the needs of particular types of referenced works.

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APA 6th_{Manual: p. 184; Section 6.27}

o List up to seven authors: Abbot, A. A. &

Barnes, B. B.

o For eight or more authors, list first six, ellipses,

and last: Abbot, A. A., Barnes, B. B., Cane, C. C., Dunn, D. D., Elgin, E. E., Field, F. F., … Jay, J. J.

o For authors with identical names/initials, insert

first name as well: Keller, K. [Kate], Keller K. [Karl].

o For authors with hyphenated first names, include

hyphen in initials: Olsen, M.-K.

o Use full name for group/corporate authors:

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APA 6th_{Manual: p. 184; Section 6.27}

o For an edited work, use the editor’s name and add (Ed.): Phillips, J. D. (Ed.).

o For multiple editors, use (Eds.): Phillips, J. D. & Jones, P. J. (Eds.).

o When citing an editor to an authored chapter, do not

invert the editor’s name: Author, A. A. (date).

Chapter title. In E. E. Editor (Ed.), Book title etc.

o For a large board of editors, list just the first + et al.: In W. T. Jones et al. (Eds.).

o When there is no author or editor, shift the title into

the author’s position in the reference.

o “Anonymous” is only used when the work itself

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APA 6th_{Manual: p. 185; Section 6.28}

o Most books/periodicals use just the year: (2011).

o For magazines, newsletters, newspapers, use

exact date given: (2011, Spring).; (2009, May/June).; (2010, April 2).

o Use meeting date for meeting papers/posters.

o Use in press for papers accepted for publication. o Use range of dates for multi-volume set:

(1992-2002).

o Use circa + brackets for old, uncertain dates: [ca.

1775]. (means “around 1775”)

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APA 6th_{Manual: pp. 185-186; Section 6.29}

o Article/chapter titles – sentence capitalization,

non-italic: The long view: Seeking the future.

o Periodical titles – capitalize, italic: Library Hi

Tech.

o Book titles – sentence capitalization, italic: The

organization of information.

• Place edition, volume, etc., info in parentheses

following the title: (Rev. ed.).

o Insert non-routine information in brackets:

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APA 6th_{Manual: pp. 186-187; Section 6.30}

o Include city & abbreviated state (US), or city and

country (non-US).

o Omit state when publisher is a university with

the state in its name: Austin: University of Texas Press.

o Give publisher in brief yet identifiable manner.

Omit unnecessary words like Inc, Co., and/or Publishers. Do include, however, Press and Books.

o When there are multiple locations, use the first

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APA 6th_{Manual: pp. 202-206; Section 7.02}

Standard Print Book:

Delley, K. K. (1991). Cataloging for dummies. New York, NY: Big Name Press.

Book Chapter:

Pruitt, P. (2000). Just Google it! In R. Raines (Ed.), Search strategies for the

search-challenged (pp. 98-108). Sydney, Australia: Great Barrier Reef Books.

Note the ½ in. hanging indent, inverted editor, & capitalization!

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APA 6th_{Manual: pp. 203; Sections 7.02.19 and 7.02.20}

Electronic Books:

Field, F. F. (2005). Graduate paper-writing. Retrieved from http://www.xxxx.xxx

Wade, W. W. (2008). Managing a tough job

market. [Kindle special edition]. Retrieved from http://www.xxxx.xxx

Some books have DOI’s now too, so look for and include those if present:

Field, F. H. (2009). Grading graduate papers. doi:10xxxxxxx

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APA 6th_{Manual: p. 203-204; Section}

7.02.21

Electronic Version of Republished Book:

Quill, Q. F. (2001). Finding answers. In E. B. Ellis (Ed.), Library theories (Vol. 3, pp. 54-78). Retrieved from http://www.xxxx.xxx (Original work published 1964)

A multivolume set:

Kincaid, B. I. (Ed.). (2001-2009). Libraries through history (Vols. I-VII). Austin, TX: Library Publishers.

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APA 6th_{Manual: p. 204; Section 7.02.24}

Electronic Version of a Book Chapter in a Volume in a Series:

Gates, T. (2000). Get ready for change. In F. T. Burns (Series Ed.), Answers Series: Vol. 6. Searching and searching (pp. 12-37).

Retrieved from http://www.xxxx.xxx

Note: In a series with changing subtitles, the series title is uppercase and the subtitle is lowercase.

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APA 6th_{Manual: 205; Sections 7.02.29 and 7.02.30}

An Online Reference Entry:

Valdez, M. A. (2000). Summary section. In D. P. Dane (Ed.), Big library reference book. Retrieved from http://www.xxxx.xxx

An Online Entry (no author/editor/date):

Philanthropy. (n.d.). In Information science dictionary (12th _{ed.). Retrieved from}

http://www.xxxx.xxx

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APA 6th_{Manual: p. 186-187; Section 6.30}

o Include italicized volume number and/or

non-italicized, parenthetical issue number after title.

o Follow volume/issue numbers with the article’s

range of page numbers.

• Do not use p. or pp. (except for newspapers) in the

reference list.

Library Journal, 12(3), 56-72.

o No further publication info is needed for print

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APA 6th_{Manual: pp. 187-192; Sections 6.31-6.32}

o Follow page numbers with the article’s DOI

number: doi:10xxxxxxx

o If there is no DOI, give URL after paper

numbers: Retrieved from www.xxxx.xxx

• Give the homepage of the journal (or its publisher)!

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Do not:

• Include database information (EBSCOhost, etc.) • Include retrieval dates (unless source is subject to

change, such as a wiki)

• Insert a hyphen when breaking a URL to the next

line – just break before punctuation

• Keep hyperlinks in Word docs – be sure to remove

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APA 6th_{Manual: pp. 187-192; Section 6.31}

o The Digital Object Identifier (DOI) is a relatively

new identification numbering system. Similar to ISBN’s or ISSN’s, it applies a unique code to

individual articles.

o While DOI’s are primarily used for electronic

journal articles, they can be found in print materials too, even some books!

Very Important:

If an article (or book, electronic or

print)

has

a DOI, you MUST use it!

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APA 6th_{Manual: p. 189-191; Sections 6.31-6.32}

o DOI’s can usually be found on the first page, near

a logo, the copyright date, author’s contact info, etc.

o If a DOI is not evident on the item, look it up at

www.crossref.org

• Crossref.org hosts a free DOI lookup service. If

crossref can’t find a DOI, then it’s usually safe to assume the item doesn’t have one.

o If (after checking crossref) there is no DOI, then

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APA 6th_{Manual: p. 198; Section 7.01.1 and 7.01.2}

Standard Journal Reference:

James, J. P. (2000). Finding answers in new formats. Awesome Library Journal, 12(3), 23-30. doi:10.xxxxxxx

With 7+ authors:

Kess, K. K., James, J. J., Louis, L. L., Moore, M. M., Norris, N. N., Olson, O. O., … Truitt, T. T. (2006). Great libraries. Awesome

Library Journal, 15(2), 65-74. Retrieved from http://www.xxxx.xxx

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APA 6th_{Manual: p. 201; Section 7.01.12}

Non-routine info:

James, J. P. (2000). Finding answers in new formats [Special issue]. Awesome Library Journal, 12(3), 23-30. doi:10.xxxxxxx

Kess, K. K., James, J. J. & Louis, L. L. (2006). Great libraries [Supplemental material].

Awesome Library Journal, 15(2), 65-74. Retrieved from http://www.xxxx.xxx

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APA 6th_{Manual: p. 200; Section 7.01.7}

Magazine:

Levy, S. (2011, April). An unconventional CEO. Wired, 19(4), 80-86.

Boyle, R. (2011, April). First robot

competition showcases geekiness,

ingenuity and the dreams of 12,000 kids.

Popular Science. Retrieved from

http://www.popsci.com/technology/article /2011-04/robot-competition-showcases -geekiness-ingenuity-and-dreams-12000 -kids

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APA 6th_{Manual: pp. 200-202; Sections 7.07.10 and 7.01.16}

Newspaper:

Morris, S. (2010, April 14). Drawing

conclusions. Denton Tribune, pp. A1-2, B12.

Abstract:

Kelly, R. (1998). A new look at old ways

[Abstract]. Library Publication, 38(3), 42. Retrieved from http://www.xxxx.xxx

Note: Further rules for variations of newspaper and abstract citing can be found in the manual, pp.

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APA 6th _{Manual p. 190; Section 6.32}

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If you can’t find the DOI on the item or in the record, always check www.crossref.org!

Click on “FOR RESEARCHERS” to access a drop-down menu, then click “free DOI name lookup.”

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If you can’t find the DOI on the item or in the record, always check www.crossref.org!

Scroll down to the “Search on article title” section and enter your article’s author and title.

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If you can’t find the DOI on the item or in the record, always check www.crossref.org!

Enter your author and title, and if that article has a DOI, it will be displayed. Double-check that the right reference came up, however. If there is no DOI, crossref may find a similar title instead.

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o 5th used italics, 6th uses Boldface

• See p. 62

Citing Paragraphs: o 5th used ¶, 6th uses para.

• See pp. 171-172

Retrieval Dates:

o 5th used retrieval dates, 6th does not

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o 5th did not require, 6th does require DOI’s

• See pp. 191-192

Cities/States:

o 5th did not require state, 6th always requires 2-letter state abbreviation

• See p. 187

More than 7 Authors:

o 5th used et al. after 6, 6th uses … between 6th and last names

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o 5th cited them, 6th does not cite them

• See p. 192

Miscellaneous:

o 6th has added rules for audiovisual resources

• See p. 209

o 6th has added additional non-routine labels, and places them in brackets

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Publication Manual of the American

Psychological Association, 6

_Edition

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Visit www.apastyle.org for more

information and FAQs

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B.Alldredge.McCabe/Batman UNT Libraries- RIS Dept Fall 2012

For Reference:

940-565-3245

or

877-872-0264