English Vowels

ENGLISH VOWEL SOUNDS:

ENGLISH VOWEL SOUNDS:

AN OVER

AN OVER

ALL VI

ALL VI

EW

EW

UFPB – CCHLA – DLEM

UFPB – CCHLA – DLEM

English Phonology an Phon!"i#s I

English Phonology an Phon!"i#s I

S"$!n": P%is#illa &h$any

WHA

WHA

& ARE VOWE

& ARE VOWE

LS'

LS'

1) VOW·EL

1) VOW·EL / 'vaʊəl // 'vaʊəl / nn [C] [C] () on! o* "h! h$+an s,!!#h so$ns "ha" yo$ +a-! .y() on! o* "h! h$+an s,!!#h so$ns "ha" yo$ +a-! .y l!""ing yo$% .%!

l!""ing yo$% .%!a"h /o0 o$" 0i"ho$" #a"h /o0 o$" 0i"ho$" #losing any ,a%" olosing any ,a%" o* yo$% +o$"h o% "* yo$% +o$"h o% "h%oa"1 h%oa"1 2) a2) a

l!""!% o* "h!

l!""!% o* "h! al,ha.!" $s! "o %!,%!s!n" a 3o0!l al,ha.!" $s! "o %!,%!s!n" a 3o0!l 4LONGM4LONGMAN5 266789AN5 266789

2) vowel (n.) (V)

2) vowel (n.) (V) On! o* "h! "0o g!n!%al #a"!go%i!s $s! *o% "h! #lassi#a"ion o*On! o* "h! "0o g!n!%al #a"!go%i!s $s! *o% "h! #lassi#a"ion o*

s,!!#h so$ns5 "h! o"h!% .!ing #onsonan"9 Vo0!ls #an .! !n! in "!%+s o* .o"h

s,!!#h so$ns5 "h! o"h!% .!ing #onsonan"9 Vo0!ls #an .! !n! in "!%+s o* .o"h

,hon!"i#s an ,honology9 Phon!"i#ally5 "h!y a%! so$ns a%"i#$la"! 0i"ho$" a

,hon!"i#s an ,honology9 Phon!"i#ally5 "h!y a%! so$ns a%"i#$la"! 0i"ho$" a

#o+,l!"! #los$%! in "h! +o$"h o% a !g%!! o* na%%o0ing 0hi#h 0o$l ,%o$#!

#o+,l!"! #los$%! in "h! +o$"h o% a !g%!! o* na%%o0ing 0hi#h 0o$l ,%o$#!

a$i.l! *%i#"ion ;999< F%o+ a ,honologi#al ,oin" o* 3i!05 3o0!ls a%! "hos! $ni"s 0hi#h

a$i.l! *%i#"ion ;999< F%o+ a ,honologi#al ,oin" o* 3i!05 3o0!ls a%! "hos! $ni"s 0hi#h

*$n#"ion a" "h!

*$n#"ion a" "h! #!n"!% o* #!n"!% o* sylla.l!s 4CR=S&sylla.l!s 4CR=S&AL5 D9 AL5 D9 266>89266>89

78

78 VowelVowel nounnoun [C] [C] A s,!!#h so$n ,%A s,!!#h so$n ,%o$#! .y h$+ans 0h!n "h! .%!a"h o$#! .y h$+ans 0h!n "h! .%!a"h /o0s o$"/o0s o$" "h%o$gh

"h%o$gh "h! "h! +o$"h +o$"h 0i"ho$" 0i"ho$" .!ing .!ing .lo#-! .lo#-! .y .y "h! "h! "!!"h5 "!!"h5 "ong$!5 "ong$!5 o% o% li,s li,s 4Ca+.%ig!4Ca+.%ig!

Di#"iona%y89

FOR E@AMPLE5 &HE &=PE OF SOUND

FOR E@AMPLE5 &HE &=PE OF SOUND

WE MAE WHEN A DOC&OR

WE MAE WHEN A DOC&OR

E@AMINING

E@AMINING

OUR &HROA

OUR &HROA

& ASS

& ASS

US &O

US &O

OPEN OUR M

PRODUC&ION

• No%+ally +a! 0i"ho$" any #los$%! o% na%%o0ing s$#h as 0o$l %!s$l" in "h! nois! #o+,on!n" #ha%a#"!%is"i# o* +any #onsonan"al so$ns1 +o%!o3!%5 "h! !s#a,! o* "h! ai% is #ha%a#"!%is"i#lly a##o+,lish! in an $ni+,!! 0ay o3!% "h! #!n"%! lin! o* "h! "ong$!9

• &h! o%gans +ainly %!s,onsi.l! *o% sha,ing "h!s! so$ns a%! "h! so*" ,ala"!5 li,s an "ong$!9 4Gi+so+5 (68

WHA& ARE VOWE LS'

•

G!n!%ally5 in ,hon!"i# +a"!%ials5 "h! no$n 3o0!l has "h!

*ollo0ing +!anings: a 3o0!l so$n1 a l!""!% %!,%!s!n"ing a

3o0!l so$n in 0%i"ing9 Vo0!ls a%! s,!!#h so$ns

,%o$#! 0i"ho$" o.s"%$#"ing "h! /o0 o* ai% *%o+ "h!

l$ngs5 so "ha" "h! .%!a"h s"%!a+ ,ass!s *%!!ly "h%o$gh "h!

+o$"h9 Vo0!ls a%! al0ays 3oi#!9

•

Vo0!l so$ns a%! i3i! in"o

monophthongs

5

diphthongs

5

MONOPH&HONGS

• Mono,h"hongs a%"i#$la"! a singl! 3o0!l ,hon!+! "ha" o!s no" #hang! $%ing i"s a%"i#$la"ion1 i9!95 i" s"a%"s an !ns in "h! sa+! $ali"y5 an "h! s,!!#h o%gans o no" #hang! "h!i% ,osi"ion $%ing i"s ,%on$n#ia"ion9 Mono,h"hongs a%! also #all! simple vowels5  pure vowels5 o% stable vowels an A+!%i#an ling$is"s lis" *%o+  "o (2 +ono,h"hongs in A+!%i#an English9

• A +ono,h"hong is a ,$%! 3o0!l so$n5 on! 0hos! a%"i#$la"ion a" "h! .!ginning an !n is %!la"i3!ly !5 an 0hi#h o!s no" gli! $, an o0n "o0a%s a n!0 ,osi"ion o* a%"i#$la"ion9 W! #an also say "ha" a 3o0!l so$n 0hos! $ali"y o!s no" #hang! o3!% "h! $%a"ion o* "h! 3o0!l is #all! as a +ono,h"hong9

INITIAL I!!LE "INAL

i: !a"5 !#ono+y5 !!l 0!!-5 s!iing5 +a#hin! "%!!5 -!y

 in3i"!5 ill ,in5 syn"ha ))

! !n .!5 "!ll ))

 a"5 as- glass5 .a" ))

J: a%! #a%"5 ,a"h * a%9 +!+oi%

K on ,o" ))

: a$g$s" oo%5 .oa% /a0

 )) 0oo5 0o$l Uns"%!ss! *o%+ o* "h!

,%!,osi"ion "o5 "h! 3!%. o o% "h! ,%ono$n 0ho9 

$: oo! %$! #h!05 "a""oo

 $n!%5 $""!% s$n5 /oo ))

: !a%"h l!a%n * $%

 &HE SCHWA SOUND

( &his so$n is so i+,o%"an" "ha" i" has a na+!: s#h0a9  &h! na+! is o%iginally *%o+ H!.%!05 +!aning nought o%

absence of vowel9 I"s also sai "o .! !%i3! *%o+ "0o G!%+an 0o%s:

S#h0a#h!s A$ss,%$#h

2 &h! S#h0a so$n is "h! !asi!s" "o ,%o$#!: i* 0! $s" o,!n o$% +o$"h a li""l! an !+i" 3oi#!5 0! 0ill .! ,%ono$n#ing i"9 &h! +o$"h is in n!$"%al ,osi"ion9

7 I"s "h! +os" *%!$!n" so$n in English9 A##o%ing "o "h! #ha%" o* *%!$!n#i!s o* English ,hon!+!s 4Gi+son5  An Introduction to the Pronunciation in English5 A%nol5 (685

.

DIPH&HONGS

• Di,h"hong is a 3o0!l so$n in 0hi#h "h! "ong$! #hang!s ,osi"ion "o

,%o$#! "h! so$n o* "0o 3o0!ls 4Ca+.%ig! A3an#! L!a%n!%s Di#"iona%y89

• Di,h"hong is a singl! so$n ,%o$#! 0h!n "0o 3o0!ls ) on! o+inan" in

$%a"ion an s"%!ss5 an on! %!$#! in $%a"ion an s"%!ss ) a%! ,ai%! "og!"h!% in a s!$!n#! 4Lina I9 Ho$s!: In"%o$#"o%y Phon!"i#s an Phonology89

• A i,h"hong is a #o+,l! 3o0!l so$n "ha" #onsis"s o* "0o #o+,on!n"s9 &h!

%s" ,a%" o* "h! i,h"hong is i"s +ain s"%ong #o+,on!n" 4"h! n$#l!$s81 "h! s!#on ,a%" is sho%" an 0!a- 4"h! gli!89 &og!"h!%5 "h! n$#l!$s an "h! gli! *o%+ on! 3o0!l so$n "ha" is ini3isi.l! an *o%+s only on! sylla.l!9

 &RIPH&HONGS

• A "%i,h"hong is a #o+,l! 3o0!l so$n "ha" #onsis"s o* "h%!! #o+,on!n"s9 A "%i,h"hong is ini3isi.l! an *o%+s only on! sylla.l!9 A "%i,h"hong is al0ays s"%!ss! on i"s %s" +ain #o+,on!n"9

• &0o "%i,h"hongs a%! $s$ally lis"! in B%i"ish English: ;aiQ< hi%!5 %!5 %!$i%!1 ;a$Q< o$%5 ho$%5 /o$%9 A+!%i#an ling$is"s g!n!%ally o no" lis" "%i,h"hongs .!#a$s! "h! n!$"%al so$n 4i9!95 "h! "hi% #o+,on!n" o* "h!s! "%i,h"hongs8 is o*"!n los" .!*o%! 3oi#! ;%< in A+E5 *o% !a+,l!5 %! ;*ai%<5 ;*ai4Q8%<1 /o$% ;/a$%<5 ;/a$4Q8%<9 In o"h!% #as!s 0i"h ;aiQ<5 ;a$Q<5 "h!s! so$ns a%! %!ga%! as

CLASSIF=ING VOWELS

•

In !s#%i.ing 3o0!l so$ns5 0! ha3! "o

#onsi!% !s,!#ially "h! ,osi"ion o* "h! li,s5

"ong$! an so*" ,ala"!9 A sys"!+ o*

#lassi#a"ion sho$l in#l$!5 .$" no"

#on*$s! all "h%!! *a#"o%s9

 &HE POSI&ION OF &HE LIPS

 &HE PAR& OF &HE &ONGUE RAISED

AND &HE HEIGH& &O WHICH I& MOVES

 & H E V O W E L S O U N D C H A R &

Vis$ally5 "h!%! a%! s!3!%al

sys"!+s

*o%

%!,%!s!n"ing

3o0!l ,osi"ion9 On! o* "h!+

is +a! .y

+,e -$aanle

 &h! iag%a+ %!,%!s!n"s "h! 

vowel #a0e

 in "h! #!n"%! o* "h!

+o$"h 0h!%! 3o0!l so$ns a%! a%"i#$la"!9

 &h! ,osi"ion o* !a#h

,hon!+! %!,%!s!n"s "h! h!igh" o* "h! "ong$! an "h! ,a%" o* "h!

High

CLASSIF=ING VOWELS



  ESSEN&IAL ELEMEN&S IN &HE CLASSIFICA&ION OF VOWEL

SOUNDS:

•

 &h! ,a%" o* "h! "ong$! "ha" is %ais!: *%on"5 .a#- an #!n"%al

3o0!ls9

•

 &h! h!igh" "o 0hi#h i" is %ais!: #los! 4high85 +i an o,!n

4lo08 3o0!ls9

•

 &h! ,osi"ion o* "h! li,s: %o$n!5 s,%!a 4$n%o$n!8 an

PRAC&ICE: CLASSIF=ING VOWELS

/

/

/

/

/

/

/ e /

/

 /

 a #los! *%on" s,%!a long 3o0!l

 a hal* #los! *%on" s,%!a sho%"

3o0!l

 a #los! .a#- %o$n! long 3o0!l

 a +i *%on" n!$"%al sho%" 3o0!l

 an o,!n *%on" s,%!a sho%" 3o0!l

 a +i #!n"%al n!$"%al sho%" 3o0!l

3OTIC

AND

NON43OTIC

 ACCEN&S

• A ,o+0 a##!n" 4*o% ins"an#!5 in Los Ang!l!s o% Ein.$%g8 is on! 0h!%!  #an .! h!a% in all "h! ,la#!s 0h!%! i" is *o$n in "h! #elln. So in a %ho"i# a##!n"5 "h!   is h!a% in .o"h X#a%X an X,a%-X9

• Whil! a non4,o+0 a##!n" 4*o% ins"an#!5 in Lonon o% Syn!y A$s"%alia8 only has "h! )so$n i* "h! n!" so$n is a 3o0!l ) so no" a" "h! !n o* a 0o%5 as in X#a%X5 o% .!*o%! a #onsonan"5 as in X,a%-X9

AMERICAN ENGLISH @ BRI&ISH ENGLISH

• A nal S#h0a is ,%ono$n#! 3!%y 0!a- in .o"h B%E an A+E5 .$" i* i" ha,,!ns a" "h! !n o* s,!!#h 4i* a*"!% "h! s#h0a 0! ,a$s! o% s"o,85 "h!n in B%E i" o*"!n o,!ns an .!#o+!s a so$n 3!%y si+ila% "o Y  Y5 .$" in A+E i" o!snX" #hang!9

COMMON DI FFICUL&IES S&UD EN&S

MIGH& FACE

• As 0! all -no05 English is no" a ,hon!"i# lang$ag!5 0hi#h +!ans "ha" 0h!n 0!

s!! a l!""!% o% a g%o$, o* l!""!%s5 i" 0on" n!#!ssa%ily al0ays .! ,%ono$n#! "h! sa+! in !a#h 0o% in 0hi#h i" o##$%s9 4I – ISS – IRISH8

• Wh!n i" #o+!s "o ,%o$#"ion5 "h! iZ!%!n#!s in "h! ,osi"ion o* "h! li,s a%!

!asi!% "o i!n"i*y5 .$" i" is 3!%y i[#$l" "o s!! o% "o *!!l "h! "ong$! iZ!%!n#!s9

• B%ailian l!a%n!%s #o+! *%o+ a .a#-g%o$n o* $s" 3! 3o0!ls1 s$!nly5 0!

ha3! "o *a#! "h! English sys"!+5 0hi#h is #onsi!%! on! o* "h! +os" #o+,l!9

• I" is "o .! !,!#"! "ha" s"$!n"s ha3! i[#$l"i!s in "h! a%!as 0h!%! 3o0!ls

a%! #los!s"9

WHA& WOULD =OU DO'

As a "!a#h!%5 0ha" s"%a"!gi!s o%

a#"i3i"i!s 0o$l yo$ $s! "o ,%a#"i#!

3o0!l so$ns in "h! #lass%oo+'

PA= A&&EN&ION &O &HE \UALI&= OF A SOUND]

USE &HE VOWEL CHAR&

PRAC&ICE SIMILAR WORDS

IMI&A&ING CONCEN&RA&E ON

CONCLUSION

• English is no" a ,hon!"i# lang$ag!: "ha" is on! o* "h! %!asons 0hy i"s so i+,o%"an" "ha" 0!5 as s"$!n"s an 4*$"$%!8 "!a#h!%s o* "h! English lang$ag!5 a%! *a+ilia% 0i"h "h! English 3o0!l so$ns5 as i" #an aZ!#" #o++$ni#a"ion9

• As a "!a#h!%5 -no0ing "h! English 3o0!l so$ns 0ill ,%o.a.ly h!l, yo$ $n!%s"an yo$% s"$!n"sX ,%o.l!+s +$#h .!""!%9

REFERENCES

Gi+so+5 A9 C9  An introduction to the Pronunciation of English9 Lonon: E0a%

A%nol5 (69

OConno%5 ^9 D9 Better English Pronunciation9 Ca+.%ig!5 CUP5 (_9

Gooy5 S9 English ,%on$n#ia"ion *o% .%ailians: the sounds of american English: S`nia

Gooy5 C%is Gon"o05 Ma%#!llo Ma%#!lino9 – So Pa$lo: Disal5 266_9

W!.si"!s 3isi"!: • h"",:YY0009..#9#o9$-Y0o%ls!%3i#!Yl!a%ning!nglishYg%a++a%Y,%onY*!a"$%!sYs#h0aY • h"",:YYingl!s)a+!%i#ano9.logs,o"9#o+9.%Y26(2Y6>Y,hon!"is)so$n)o*)a+!%i#an)!nglish) (9h"+l • h"",:YY0009+$l"i+!ia)!nglish9#o+Y,hon!"i#sY.%i"ish)!nglish)3s)a+!%i#an • h"",:YY0009an"i+oon9#o+Yho0Y,%on$n#)so$nsi,a9h"+