Juris

Alfeo Vivas, on his behalf and on behalf of  Alfeo Vivas, on his behalf and on behalf of 

the Shareholders of the Eurocredit the Shareholders of the Eurocredit Community Bank,

Community Bank,Petitioner Petitioner , vs. The, vs. The Monetary Board of the BSP and the Monetary Board of the BSP and the

P!C,

P!C,Respondents.Respondents. "# $o. %&%'(') Au*ust +, "# $o. %&%'(') Au*ust +,

(%-acts/

acts/ The Monetary Board placed the Eurocredt The Monetary Board placed the Eurocredt Co!!unty Ban" under #ro!pt Correct$e Acton Co!!unty Ban" under #ro!pt Correct$e Acton %ra!e&or" on account o% the 'ndn() o% )erou) %ra!e&or" on account o% the 'ndn() o% )erou) 'ndn() and )uper$)ory concern)* +$a) !o$ed 'ndn() and )uper$)ory concern)* +$a) !o$ed %or the recon)deraton o% )uch acton* ECBI %or the recon)deraton o% )uch acton* ECBI al)oal)o un,u)tly re%u)ed to allo& the

un,u)tly re%u)ed to allo& the BS# e-a!ner) %ro!BS# e-a!ner) %ro! n)pectn( t) .oo") and record)* The MB ))ued n)pectn( t) .oo") and record)* The MB ))ued Re)olut

Re)oluton No* /01 on No* /01 placn( ECBI underplacn( ECBI under rece$er)h

rece$er)hp2 .ecau)e o% p2 .ecau)e o% t) na.lty to pay t) na.lty to pay t)t) la.lte)2 n)u3cent real4a.le a))et) and la.lte)2 n)u3cent real4a.le a))et) and $olaton o% cea)e and de))t order o% the MB $olaton o% cea)e and de))t order o% the MB %or%or act) con)ttutn( un)ound .an"n( practce)* act) con)ttutn( un)ound .an"n( practce)* +$a) ar(ued that the MB

+$a) ar(ued that the MB co!!tted (ra$eco!!tted (ra$e a.u)e o% d)creton %or placn( ECBI a.u)e o% d)creton %or placn( ECBI underunder rece$er)h

rece$er)hp &thout p &thout pror notce and pror notce and hearn(2hearn(2 pur)uant to RA 05652 Sec* 77*

pur)uant to RA 05652 Sec* 77*

!ssue/

!ssue/ 8hether or not 8hether or not the MB the MB co!!tted (ra$eco!!tted (ra$e a.u)e o% d)creton n placn( ECBI under a.u)e o% d)creton n placn( ECBI under rece$er)hp &thout notce and hearn(* rece$er)hp &thout notce and hearn(*

#ulin*/

#ulin*/ No2 No2 the the MB dMB dd d not not (ra$ely (ra$ely a.u)e a.u)e t)t) d)creton* The ECBI &a) ($en e$ery chance to d)creton* The ECBI &a) ($en e$ery chance to

.e heard and !pro$e t)

.e heard and !pro$e t) 'nancal )tandn(*'nancal )tandn(* Moreo$er2 the MB ha) the po&er to %or.d a Moreo$er2 the MB ha) the po&er to %or.d a .an".an" %ro! don( .u)ne)) and place t under

%ro! don( .u)ne)) and place t under rece$er)

rece$er)hp &thout pror hp &thout pror notce and hearn(2notce and hearn(2 &hen the crcu!)tance) &arrant t* Under RA &hen the crcu!)tance) &arrant t* Under RA 01652 the MB &a)

01652 the MB &a) ($en &th !ore po&er o%($en &th !ore po&er o% clo)ure and place!ent o% a .an" n rece$er)hp clo)ure and place!ent o% a .an" n rece$er)hp %or n)ol$ency or % the contnuance n the %or n)ol$ency or % the contnuance n the .u)ne)) &ould re)ult n the lo)) o%

.u)ne)) &ould re)ult n the lo)) o% depo)tor) ordepo)tor) or credtor

credtor)* The )* The 9clo)e no&2 hear later: 9clo)e no&2 hear later: doctrnedoctrne &a) ,u)t'ed on practcal and le(al

&a) ,u)t'ed on practcal and le(al con)deraton) to preclude un&arranted con)deraton) to preclude un&arranted d))paton o% the .an") a))et) and a) d))paton o% the .an") a))et) and a) $ald$ald e-erc)e o% polce po&er to protect credtor)2 e-erc)e o% polce po&er to protect credtor)2 depo)tor)2 )toc"holde

depo)tor)2 )toc"holder) and the r) and the (eneral pu.lc*(eneral pu.lc*

0lamas vs Court of A11eals 0lamas vs Court of A11eals

Be

Be%o%orre e thth) ) CoCoururt t ) ) a a MoMotton on %o%orr Re

Recocon)n)derderataton on 'l'led ed .y .y hehereren n petpetttoneoner<r< )pou

)pou)e) )e) FrFrancanc)co )co R* R* =la!=la!a) a) and and CarCar!elt!elta a C*C* =la

=la!a)!a)* * On On SeSeptepte!.e!.er r />2 />2 /??/??>2 >2 thth) ) CouCourtrt pro!ul(a

pro!ul(ated a ted a Dec)onDec)on@7@7_{n the n the a.o$e<capta.o$e<captonedoned} ca)e

ca)e2 2 denydenyn( n( the the petpetton ton %or %or AnnuAnnul!ent o% l!ent o%   Jud(!ent

 Jud(!ent andand CertiorariCertiorari2 2 &&th th #r#relel!!nnararyy In,u

In,unctnctonon: : 'led 'led .y .y petpettonetoner)* r)* #et#ettotoner) ner) areare a))aln( the dec)on o% the Re(onal Tral Court a))aln( the dec)on o% the Re(onal Tral Court R

RTTC C o% o% Ma"Ma"atat  CtCty y concon$c$ctntn( ( ththe! e! o% o% ththee oen)e Other For!) o% S&ndln(: pun)ha.le oen)e Other For!) o% S&ndln(: pun)ha.le under Artcle 5712 para(raph /2 o% the Re$)ed under Artcle 5712 para(raph /2 o% the Re$)ed #enal Code R#C*

#enal Code R#C*

Brey2 the antecedent %act) are a) %ollo&) Brey2 the antecedent %act) are a) %ollo&)

On

On AuAu(u(u)t )t 7H7H2 2 7>7>HH22 pettoner) &ere char(ed .e%ore pettoner) &ere char(ed .e%ore the

the ReRe(on(onal al TTral ral CourCourt t RRTCTC o%

o% Ma"at Ma"at &th2 &th2 a) a) a%ore)ada%ore)ad2 2 thethe c

crr!!e e oo% % ootthheer r %%oorr!!) ) oo%  %   )&

)&ndlndln(n(: : n n ththe e In%In%oror!a!atoton2n2 doc"

doc"eted a) eted a) Cr!Cr!nal Ca)e nal Ca)e No*No* 77002 &hch read) 77002 &hch read)  That  That onon o or r aa..oouut t tthhee /? /?thth_{ddaay y oo%  %}   No$e!.er2 7>02 No$e!.er2 7>02 n n tthhee Mu

Munnccpapallty ty o% o%  #araaKu

#araaKue2 e2 MetroMetro Manla2

Manla2 #h

#hlplppnpne)2 e)2 andand & &tthhn n tthhee  ,ur)dcton o  ,ur)dcton o% th)% th) Lonora.le Court2 Lonora.le Court2 the

the a.o$e<na!ea.o$e<na!edd accu)ed2 accu)ed2 co con)n)pprrn( n( anandd con%ederatn( con%ederatn( ttoo((eetthheer r aanndd !utually helpn( !utually helpn( an

and d aaddn( n( ononee a

anonoththerer2 2 &e&ellll

7  7  # a ( e# a ( e

 JURISDIC

 JURISDICTION; FOR TION; FOR CASECASE DIGEST

DIGEST

"

"nnoo&&nn( ( tthhaatt th

theer r paparcrcel el o% o%  la

land nd "n"no&o&n n a)a) =ot No* 772 Bloc" =ot No* 772 Bloc" N

Noo* * 1 1 oo% % tthhee Su.d

Su.d$)$)on on #lan#lan =RC #)d 10?512 =RC #)d 10?512 Cada)tral Sur$ey Cada)tral Sur$ey o%

o% ##araraaaKaKueue22 =R

=RC C ReRecorcord d NoNo** N< N</1/1>/>/12 12 CaCa)e)e N Noo* * HH>>1122 )tuated at Barro )tuated at Barro Sa

San n DDoonn))o2o2 Mu

Munnccpapallty ty o% o%  #araaKu

#araaKue2 e2 MetroMetro M

Maannllaa2 2 &&aa)) !ort(a(ed to the !ort(a(ed to the R

Rururaal l BaBan" n" oo% %  I!

I!u)u)2 2 ddd d ththenen a

annd d tthheerree &ll%ully2

&ll%ully2 un

unlala&%&%ulully ly anandd %el

%elononouou)ly )ly )el)elll )ad propert )ad property y toto one

one ConConradrado o ##** A

A$$llaa2 2 %%aal)l)eelyly rep

repre)ere)entnntn( ( thethe )a!

)a!e e to .e to .e %r%reeee %ro! all len) and %ro! all len) and

to

to the the accaccu)eu)ed2d2 to

to ththe e dada!a!a(e(e and

and prepre,udc,udce e o% o%  )a

)ad d ConConrarado do ##** A A$$lla a n n tthhee a%ore!entoned a%ore!entoned a!ount a!ount o% #7/2>6*??* o% #7/2>6*??* Contrary Contrary to la&* to la&*

A%ter tral on the !ert)2 A%ter tral on the !ert)2 the RTC rendered t) Dec)on on the RTC rendered t) Dec)on on  June 5?2 7>>H2 'ndn( pettoner)  June 5?2 7>>H2 'ndn( pettoner)

(ult

(ulty y .eyo.eyond nd rearea)ona.)ona.le le dou.dou.tt o%

o% ththe e ccrr!!e e cchaharr(e(ed d anandd )en

)ententencncn( ( ththe! e! to to )u)uer er thethe penalty o% !pr)on!ent %or t&o penalty o% !pr)on!ent %or t&o !o

!ontnth) h) anand d to to papay y ththe e 'n'nee o% #72?6*?? each*

o% #72?6*?? each*

p

peettttoonneerr))  !!oottoon n %%oorr recon)deraton*

recon)deraton*

A))

A))alaln( n( ththe e a%a%orore)ae)add ))uance) o% the appellate court2 ))uance) o% the appellate court2 pettoner) 'led .e%ore th) Court2 pettoner) 'led .e%ore th) Court2 on

on FFe.e.ruruarary y 77772 2 /?/?????2 2 ththeerr petton %or re$e&2 doc"eted a) petton %or re$e&2 doc"eted a) G*

G*RR* * NoNo* * 7H7H7/7/??* * ThThe e CoCoururt2t2 ho&

ho&e$ee$er2 r2 on on MarMarch ch 752 752 /?/???2??2 dened the )a!e %or pettoner) dened the )a!e %or pettoner) %a

%allurure e to to )t)tatate e ththe e !a!ateterralal dat

date)* e)* SnSnce ce t t )u.)u.)eK)eKueuentlntlyy dene

dened d pettpettoneoner) r) !ot!oton on %or%or re

recocon)n)ddereratatoon n on on JuJune ne //22 /???2 the ,ud(!ent o%

/???2 the ,ud(!ent o% con$ctoncon$cton .eca!e 'nal and e-ecutory* .eca!e 'nal and e-ecutory*

8

8tth h ththe e cocon)n)eKeKueuentnt ))uance .y the tral court o% the ))uance .y the tral court o% the Aprl 7>2 /??7 8arrant o% Arre)t2 Aprl 7>2 /??7 8arrant o% Arre)t2 the polce arre)ted2 on Aprl /02 the polce arre)ted2 on Aprl /02 /??

/??72 72 petpetttoneoner r CarCar!el!elta ta C*C* =la

=la!a) %or !a) %or her to her to )er)er$e $e her /<her /< !o

"

"nnoo&&nn( ( tthhaatt th

theer r paparcrcel el o% o%  la

land nd "n"no&o&n n a)a) =ot No* 772 Bloc" =ot No* 772 Bloc" N

Noo* * 1 1 oo% % tthhee Su.d

Su.d$)$)on on #lan#lan =RC #)d 10?512 =RC #)d 10?512 Cada)tral Sur$ey Cada)tral Sur$ey o%

o% ##araraaaKaKueue22 =R

=RC C ReRecorcord d NoNo** N< N</1/1>/>/12 12 CaCa)e)e N Noo* * HH>>1122 )tuated at Barro )tuated at Barro Sa

San n DDoonn))o2o2 Mu

Munnccpapallty ty o% o%  #araaKu

#araaKue2 e2 MetroMetro M

Maannllaa2 2 &&aa)) !ort(a(ed to the !ort(a(ed to the R

Rururaal l BaBan" n" oo% %  I!

I!u)u)2 2 ddd d ththenen a

annd d tthheerree &ll%ully2

&ll%ully2 un

unlala&%&%ulully ly anandd %el

%elononouou)ly )ly )el)elll )ad propert )ad property y toto one

one ConConradrado o ##** A

A$$llaa2 2 %%aal)l)eelyly rep

repre)ere)entnntn( ( thethe )a!

)a!e e to .e to .e %r%reeee %ro! all len) and %ro! all len) and encu!.rance) encu!.rance) &hat

&hat)oe$e)oe$er2 r2 andand )a

)ad d ConConrarado do ##** A$

A$la la .ou(.ou(ht ht thethe a%ore!entoned a%ore!entoned pro

propertperty y %or %or thethe )u!

)u!

o% #7/2>6*?? o% #7/2>6*?? &h

&hcch h &a&a) ) papadd

to

to the the accaccu)eu)ed2d2 to

to ththe e dada!a!a(e(e and

and prepre,udc,udce e o% o%  )a

)ad d ConConrarado do ##** A A$$lla a n n tthhee a%ore!entoned a%ore!entoned a!ount a!ount o% #7/2>6*??* o% #7/2>6*??* Contrary Contrary to la&* to la&*

A%ter tral on the !ert)2 A%ter tral on the !ert)2 the RTC rendered t) Dec)on on the RTC rendered t) Dec)on on  June 5?2 7>>H2 'ndn( pettoner)  June 5?2 7>>H2 'ndn( pettoner)

(ult

(ulty y .eyo.eyond nd rearea)ona.)ona.le le dou.dou.tt o%

o% ththe e ccrr!!e e cchaharr(e(ed d anandd )en

)ententencncn( ( ththe! e! to to )u)uer er thethe penalty o% !pr)on!ent %or t&o penalty o% !pr)on!ent %or t&o !o

!ontnth) h) anand d to to papay y ththe e 'n'nee o% #72?6*?? each*

o% #72?6*?? each*

On appeal2 the Court o%  On appeal2 the Court o%  Appeal)2 n t) Fe.ruary 7>2 7>>> Appeal)2 n t) Fe.ruary 7>2 7>>> Dec

Dec)on n )on n CA<G*CA<G*R* No* R* No* CR No*CR No* 7/0?

7/0?2 2 a3r!a3r!ed ed the dec)othe dec)on n o% o%  the tral court* In

the tral court* In t) Dece!.t) Dece!.erer //

//2 2 77>>>>> > RRe)e)ooluluttonon2 2 tthehe appel

appellate late courcourt t %urt%urther her dendeneded

p

peettttoonneerr))  !!oottoon n %%oorr recon)deraton*

recon)deraton*

A))

A))alaln( n( ththe e a%a%orore)ae)add ))uance) o% the appellate court2 ))uance) o% the appellate court2 pettoner) 'led .e%ore th) Court2 pettoner) 'led .e%ore th) Court2 on

on FFe.e.ruruarary y 77772 2 /?/?????2 2 ththeerr petton %or re$e&2 doc"eted a) petton %or re$e&2 doc"eted a) G*

G*RR* * NoNo* * 7H7H7/7/??* * ThThe e CoCoururt2t2 ho&

ho&e$ee$er2 r2 on on MarMarch ch 752 752 /?/???2??2 dened the )a!e %or pettoner) dened the )a!e %or pettoner) %a

%allurure e to to )t)tatate e ththe e !a!ateterralal dat

date)* e)* SnSnce ce t t )u.)u.)eK)eKueuentlntlyy dene

dened d pettpettoneoner) r) !ot!oton on %or%or re

recocon)n)ddereratatoon n on on JuJune ne //22 /???2 the ,ud(!ent o%

/???2 the ,ud(!ent o% con$ctoncon$cton .eca!e 'nal and e-ecutory* .eca!e 'nal and e-ecutory*

8

8tth h ththe e cocon)n)eKeKueuentnt ))uance .y the tral court o% the ))uance .y the tral court o% the Aprl 7>2 /??7 8arrant o% Arre)t2 Aprl 7>2 /??7 8arrant o% Arre)t2 the polce arre)ted2 on Aprl /02 the polce arre)ted2 on Aprl /02 /??

/??72 72 petpetttoneoner r CarCar!el!elta ta C*C* =la

=la!a) %or !a) %or her to her to )er)er$e $e her /<her /< !o

!ontnth h ,a,al l teter!r!* * ThThe e popollcece22 ne$

ne$erterthelhele))e))2 2 %a%aleled d to to ararrere)t)t pett

pettoneoner r FrFrancanc)co )co R* R* =la!=la!a)a) .ecau)e he &a) no&here to .e .ecau)e he &a) no&here to .e %ound*

%ound*

O

On n JJuully y 77112 2 //????7722 pett

pettoneoner r FrFrancanc)co )co !o$e!o$ed d %or%or /  /  # a ( e# a ( e

 JURISDIC

 JURISDICTION; FOR TION; FOR CASECASE DIGEST

DIGEST

the l%tn( or recall o% the

the l%tn( or recall o% the &arrant&arrant o% arre)t2 ra)n( %or the 'r)t t!e o% arre)t2 ra)n( %or the 'r)t t!e the ))ue that the tral court had the ))ue that the tral court had no

no ,ur,ur)dc)dcton o$er ton o$er the the oenoen)e)e char(ed*

char(ed*

 There

 There .en( .en( no no actonacton ta"

ta"en .y en .y the tral courthe tral court on t on thethe ))aad d !o!ottoonn2 2 ppetetttoonneer)r) n)

n)ttttuteuted2 d2 on on SepSepte!te!.e.er r 757522 /??72 the n)tant proceedn() %or /??72 the n)tant proceedn() %or the annul!

the annul!ent o% ent o% the tral andthe tral and the appellate court) dec)on)* the appellate court) dec)on)*

 The

 The Court Court ntallyntally d)!

d)!))ed ))ed on on tectechncahncal l (rou(round)nd) the petton n the Septe!.er /H2 the petton n the Septe!.er /H2 /??7 Re)oluton2 .ut

/??7 Re)oluton2 .ut ren)tateren)tatedd tthhe e ))aa!!ee2 2 oon n !!oottoon n %%oorr rec

recon)on)deraderatonton2 2 n n the the OctoOcto.er.er //2 /??7 Re)oluton*

//2 /??7 Re)oluton*@/@/

#et

#ettontoner) er) are no& are no& .e%o.e%ore re th) Courtth) Court )ee"n( the re$er)al o% the Septe!.er />2 /??> )ee"n( the re$er)al o% the Septe!.er />2 /??> Dec

Dec)on )on and2 and2 con)con)eKueeKuentlyntly2 2 the the annuannul!enl!ent t o% o%  ther con$cton .y the tral court* In ther +er'ed ther con$cton .y the tral court* In ther +er'ed Moton %or

Moton %or Recon)deRecon)deraton2raton2@H@H _{pettoner) a)" th) pettoner) a)" th)} Court to re$)t and ta"e a )econd loo": at the Court to re$)t and ta"e a )econd loo": at the )

))u)ue) e) n n ththe e caca)e )e &&tthohout ut .e.enn( ( unundudulyly ha!pered .y any perce$ed techncal )hort%all) ha!pered .y any perce$ed techncal )hort%all) o% a

o% a .elea(uere.elea(uered nnocent lt(ant*: In d nnocent lt(ant*: In partcular2partcular2 they ra)e the %ollo&n( ))ue)

they ra)e the %ollo&n( ))ue)

7*

7* 88ITITL L A=A===

DUE RES#ECT2 AND IN =IGLT OF DUE RES#ECT2 AND IN =IGLT OF  TLE

 TLE CORRECT CORRECT A##=ICATA##=ICATIONS IONS OFOF DOC

DOCTRITRINA= NA= JURJURIS#IS#RUDRUDENCENCE2E2 #E

#ETITITITIONONERERS S LALAD D #U#URSRSUEUEDD  TLEIR MORE

 TLEIR MORE TLAN T8ENT FI+ETLAN T8ENT FI+E /6 EARS UEST FOR JUSTICE /6 EARS UEST FOR JUSTICE AS

AS INNINNOCOCENENT T MENMEN2 2 AND LADAND LAD LON

LONESTEST==  MAIMAINTNTAINAINED ED TLATLATT  TLEIR RESORT TO

 TLEIR RESORT TO RE+ERSE2 SETRE+ERSE2 SET ASIDE ANDPOR ANNU=2 IS IN =INE ASIDE ANDPOR ANNU=2 IS IN =INE 8I

8ITL TL JUJURIRIS#S#RURUDEDENCNCE E ANANDD =A82

=A82 AA$$2 2 TTEECC33$$!!CCAA00 S34#

S34#TTA00S A00S 54#54#6 6 EECEECTSTS $4T7!T3STA$!$"5)6

$4T7!T3STA$!$"5)6

RES#O

RES#ONDNNDNET ET COURCOURTS TS LADLAD $4$4  89#!S!CT!4

 89#!S!CT!4$$IIN N ==AA8 8 AANNDD EN=I

EN=IGLTEGLTENING NING DOCTDOCTRINERINES S TOTO  TR AN

 TR AND DECIDE TD DECIDE TLIS CASE;LIS CASE;

5*

5* AGAIN AGAIN 8ITL8ITL

A

A=== = DDUUE E RREESS##EECCTT AND

AND 9$9$4#4#T9$T9$AATE0TE022, , T3ET3E VE#

VE#2 2 89ST!89ST!2!$2!$" " ME#!ME#!TS TS 44 PET!T!4$E#S:

PET!T!4$E#S:A##RO#RIATEA##RO#RIATE INST

INSTANT ANT REMEREMEDD;; 33AA  $$4T4T C4$SE;9E$T02 BEE$ PASSE C4$SE;9E$T02 BEE$ PASSE 9

9PP44$$, , TT4 4 9P9P334400  TT33EE PA#AM49$T

PA#AM49$T C4$S

C4$ST!T9TT!T9T!4$A!4$A0 0 C3E#C3E#!SE!SE MA$ATE

MA$ATE2 2 TLE TLE #RES#RESUM#TUM#TIONION O

OF F IINNNNOOCCEENNCCE E MMUUSST T BBEE U#L

U#LE=DE=D2 2 EQEQCE#CE#T T ONON==  U#OU#ONN EST

ESTAB=ISAB=ISLED LED AND AND ADMIADMISSIB=SSIB=EE E+IDENCE BEOND REASONAB=E E+IDENCE BEOND REASONAB=E DOUBT; AND

DOUBT; AND

H* #ETITIONER

H* #ETITIONER

S

S VE#2 39MB02 BESEEC3VE#2 39MB02 BESEEC3 TLIS TLIS LONO

"

"nnoo&&nn( ( tthhaatt th

theer r paparcrcel el o% o%  la

land nd "n"no&o&n n a)a) =ot No* 772 Bloc" =ot No* 772 Bloc" N

Noo* * 1 1 oo% % tthhee Su.d

Su.d$)$)on on #lan#lan =RC #)d 10?512 =RC #)d 10?512 Cada)tral Sur$ey Cada)tral Sur$ey o%

o% ##araraaaKaKueue22 =R

=RC C ReRecorcord d NoNo** N< N</1/1>/>/12 12 CaCa)e)e N Noo* * HH>>1122 )tuated at Barro )tuated at Barro Sa

San n DDoonn))o2o2 Mu

Munnccpapallty ty o% o%  #araaKu

#araaKue2 e2 MetroMetro M

Maannllaa2 2 &&aa)) !ort(a(ed to the !ort(a(ed to the R

Rururaal l BaBan" n" oo% %  I!

I!u)u)2 2 ddd d ththenen a

annd d tthheerree &ll%ully2

&ll%ully2 un

unlala&%&%ulully ly anandd %el

%elononouou)ly )ly )el)elll )ad propert )ad property y toto one

one ConConradrado o ##** A

A$$llaa2 2 %%aal)l)eelyly rep

repre)ere)entnntn( ( thethe )a!

)a!e e to .e to .e %r%reeee %ro! all len) and %ro! all len) and encu!.rance) encu!.rance) &hat

&hat)oe$e)oe$er2 r2 andand )a

)ad d ConConrarado do ##** A$

A$la la .ou(.ou(ht ht thethe a%ore!entoned a%ore!entoned pro

propertperty y %or %or thethe )u!

)u!

o% #7/2>6*?? o% #7/2>6*?? &h

&hcch h &a&a) ) papadd

to

to the the accaccu)eu)ed2d2 to

to ththe e dada!a!a(e(e and

and prepre,udc,udce e o% o%  )a

)ad d ConConrarado do ##** A A$$lla a n n tthhee a%ore!entoned a%ore!entoned a!ount a!ount o% #7/2>6*??* o% #7/2>6*??* Contrary Contrary to la&* to la&*

A%ter tral on the !ert)2 A%ter tral on the !ert)2 the RTC rendered t) Dec)on on the RTC rendered t) Dec)on on  June 5?2 7>>H2 'ndn( pettoner)  June 5?2 7>>H2 'ndn( pettoner)

(ult

(ulty y .eyo.eyond nd rearea)ona.)ona.le le dou.dou.tt o%

o% ththe e ccrr!!e e cchaharr(e(ed d anandd )en

)ententencncn( ( ththe! e! to to )u)uer er thethe penalty o% !pr)on!ent %or t&o penalty o% !pr)on!ent %or t&o !o

!ontnth) h) anand d to to papay y ththe e 'n'nee o% #72?6*?? each*

o% #72?6*?? each*

On appeal2 the Court o%  On appeal2 the Court o%  Appeal)2 n t) Fe.ruary 7>2 7>>> Appeal)2 n t) Fe.ruary 7>2 7>>> Dec

Dec)on n )on n CA<G*CA<G*R* No* R* No* CR No*CR No* 7/0?

7/0?2 2 a3r!a3r!ed ed the dec)othe dec)on n o% o%  the tral court* In

the tral court* In t) Dece!.t) Dece!.erer //

//2 2 77>>>>> > RRe)e)ooluluttonon2 2 tthehe appel

appellate late courcourt t %urt%urther her dendeneded

p

peettttoonneerr))  !!oottoon n %%oorr recon)deraton*

recon)deraton*

A))

A))alaln( n( ththe e a%a%orore)ae)add ))uance) o% the appellate court2 ))uance) o% the appellate court2 pettoner) 'led .e%ore th) Court2 pettoner) 'led .e%ore th) Court2 on

on FFe.e.ruruarary y 77772 2 /?/?????2 2 ththeerr petton %or re$e&2 doc"eted a) petton %or re$e&2 doc"eted a) G*

G*RR* * NoNo* * 7H7H7/7/??* * ThThe e CoCoururt2t2 ho&

ho&e$ee$er2 r2 on on MarMarch ch 752 752 /?/???2??2 dened the )a!e %or pettoner) dened the )a!e %or pettoner) %a

%allurure e to to )t)tatate e ththe e !a!ateterralal dat

date)* e)* SnSnce ce t t )u.)u.)eK)eKueuentlntlyy dene

dened d pettpettoneoner) r) !ot!oton on %or%or re

recocon)n)ddereratatoon n on on JuJune ne //22 /???2 the ,ud(!ent o%

/???2 the ,ud(!ent o% con$ctoncon$cton .eca!e 'nal and e-ecutory* .eca!e 'nal and e-ecutory*

8

8tth h ththe e cocon)n)eKeKueuentnt ))uance .y the tral court o% the ))uance .y the tral court o% the Aprl 7>2 /??7 8arrant o% Arre)t2 Aprl 7>2 /??7 8arrant o% Arre)t2 the polce arre)ted2 on Aprl /02 the polce arre)ted2 on Aprl /02 /??

/??72 72 petpetttoneoner r CarCar!el!elta ta C*C* =la

=la!a) %or !a) %or her to her to )er)er$e $e her /<her /< !o

!ontnth h ,a,al l teter!r!* * ThThe e popollcece22 ne$

ne$erterthelhele))e))2 2 %a%aleled d to to ararrere)t)t pett

pettoneoner r FrFrancanc)co )co R* R* =la!=la!a)a) .ecau)e he &a) no&here to .e .ecau)e he &a) no&here to .e %ound*

%ound*

O

On n JJuully y 77112 2 //????7722 pett

pettoneoner r FrFrancanc)co )co !o$e!o$ed d %or%or /  /  # a ( e# a ( e

 JURISDIC

 JURISDICTION; FOR TION; FOR CASECASE DIGEST

DIGEST

the l%tn( or recall o% the

the l%tn( or recall o% the &arrant&arrant o% arre)t2 ra)n( %or the 'r)t t!e o% arre)t2 ra)n( %or the 'r)t t!e the ))ue that the tral court had the ))ue that the tral court had no

no ,ur,ur)dc)dcton o$er ton o$er the the oenoen)e)e char(ed*

char(ed*

 There

 There .en( .en( no no actonacton ta"

ta"en .y en .y the tral courthe tral court on t on thethe ))aad d !o!ottoonn2 2 ppetetttoonneer)r) n)

n)ttttuteuted2 d2 on on SepSepte!te!.e.er r 757522 /??72 the n)tant proceedn() %or /??72 the n)tant proceedn() %or the annul!

the annul!ent o% ent o% the tral andthe tral and the appellate court) dec)on)* the appellate court) dec)on)*

 The

 The Court Court ntallyntally d)!

d)!))ed ))ed on on tectechncahncal l (rou(round)nd) the petton n the Septe!.er /H2 the petton n the Septe!.er /H2 /??7 Re)oluton2 .ut

/??7 Re)oluton2 .ut ren)tateren)tatedd tthhe e ))aa!!ee2 2 oon n !!oottoon n %%oorr rec

recon)on)deraderatonton2 2 n n the the OctoOcto.er.er //2 /??7 Re)oluton*

//2 /??7 Re)oluton*@/@/

#et

#ettontoner) er) are no& are no& .e%o.e%ore re th) Courtth) Court )ee"n( the re$er)al o% the Septe!.er />2 /??> )ee"n( the re$er)al o% the Septe!.er />2 /??> Dec

Dec)on )on and2 and2 con)con)eKueeKuentlyntly2 2 the the annuannul!enl!ent t o% o%  ther con$cton .y the tral court* In ther +er'ed ther con$cton .y the tral court* In ther +er'ed Moton %or

Moton %or Recon)deRecon)deraton2raton2@H@H _{pettoner) a)" th) pettoner) a)" th)} Court to re$)t and ta"e a )econd loo": at the Court to re$)t and ta"e a )econd loo": at the )

))u)ue) e) n n ththe e caca)e )e &&tthohout ut .e.enn( ( unundudulyly ha!pered .y any perce$ed techncal )hort%all) ha!pered .y any perce$ed techncal )hort%all) o% a

o% a .elea(uere.elea(uered nnocent lt(ant*: In d nnocent lt(ant*: In partcular2partcular2 they ra)e the %ollo&n( ))ue)

they ra)e the %ollo&n( ))ue)

7*

7* 88ITITL L A=A===

DUE RES#ECT2 AND IN =IGLT OF DUE RES#ECT2 AND IN =IGLT OF  TLE

 TLE CORRECT CORRECT A##=ICATA##=ICATIONS IONS OFOF DOC

DOCTRITRINA= NA= JURJURIS#IS#RUDRUDENCENCE2E2 #E

#ETITITITIONONERERS S LALAD D #U#URSRSUEUEDD  TLEIR MORE

 TLEIR MORE TLAN T8ENT FI+ETLAN T8ENT FI+E /6 EARS UEST FOR JUSTICE /6 EARS UEST FOR JUSTICE AS

AS INNINNOCOCENENT T MENMEN2 2 AND LADAND LAD LON

LONESTEST==  MAIMAINTNTAINAINED ED TLATLATT  TLEIR RESORT TO

 TLEIR RESORT TO RE+ERSE2 SETRE+ERSE2 SET ASIDE ANDPOR ANNU=2 IS IN =INE ASIDE ANDPOR ANNU=2 IS IN =INE 8I

8ITL TL JUJURIRIS#S#RURUDEDENCNCE E ANANDD =A82

=A82 AA$$2 2 TTEECC33$$!!CCAA00 S34#

S34#TTA00S A00S 54#54#6 6 EECEECTSTS $4T7!T3STA$!$"5)6

$4T7!T3STA$!$"5)6

RES#O

RES#ONDNNDNET ET COURCOURTS TS LADLAD $4$4  89#!S!CT!4

 89#!S!CT!4$$IIN N ==AA8 8 AANNDD EN=I

EN=IGLTEGLTENING NING DOCTDOCTRINERINES S TOTO  TR AN

 TR AND DECIDE TD DECIDE TLIS CASE;LIS CASE;

5*

5* AGAIN AGAIN 8ITL8ITL

A

A=== = DDUUE E RREESS##EECCTT AND

AND 9$9$4#4#T9$T9$AATE0TE022, , T3ET3E VE#

VE#2 2 89ST!89ST!2!$2!$" " ME#!ME#!TS TS 44 PET!T!4$E#S:

PET!T!4$E#S:A##RO#RIATEA##RO#RIATE INST

INSTANT ANT REMEREMEDD;; 33AA  $$4T4T C4$SE;9E$T02 BEE$ PASSE C4$SE;9E$T02 BEE$ PASSE 9

9PP44$$, , TT4 4 9P9P334400  TT33EE PA#AM49$T

PA#AM49$T C4$S

C4$ST!T9TT!T9T!4$A!4$A0 0 C3E#C3E#!SE!SE MA$ATE

MA$ATE2 2 TLE TLE #RES#RESUM#TUM#TIONION O

OF F IINNNNOOCCEENNCCE E MMUUSST T BBEE U#L

U#LE=DE=D2 2 EQEQCE#CE#T T ONON==  U#OU#ONN EST

ESTAB=ISAB=ISLED LED AND AND ADMIADMISSIB=SSIB=EE E+IDENCE BEOND REASONAB=E E+IDENCE BEOND REASONAB=E DOUBT; AND

DOUBT; AND

H* #ETITIONER

H* #ETITIONER

S

S VE#2 39MB02 BESEEC3VE#2 39MB02 BESEEC3 TLIS TLIS LONO

the l%tn( or recall o% the

the l%tn( or recall o% the &arrant&arrant o% arre)t2 ra)n( %or the 'r)t t!e o% arre)t2 ra)n( %or the 'r)t t!e the ))ue that the tral court had the ))ue that the tral court had no

no ,ur,ur)dc)dcton o$er ton o$er the the oenoen)e)e char(ed*

char(ed*

 There

 There .en( .en( no no actonacton ta"

ta"en .y en .y the tral courthe tral court on t on thethe ))aad d !o!ottoonn2 2 ppetetttoonneer)r) n)

n)ttttuteuted2 d2 on on SepSepte!te!.e.er r 757522 /??72 the n)tant proceedn() %or /??72 the n)tant proceedn() %or the annul!

the annul!ent o% ent o% the tral andthe tral and the appellate court) dec)on)* the appellate court) dec)on)*

 The

 The Court Court ntallyntally d)!

d)!))ed ))ed on on tectechncahncal l (rou(round)nd) the petton n the Septe!.er /H2 the petton n the Septe!.er /H2 /??7 Re)oluton2 .ut

/??7 Re)oluton2 .ut ren)tateren)tatedd tthhe e ))aa!!ee2 2 oon n !!oottoon n %%oorr rec

recon)on)deraderatonton2 2 n n the the OctoOcto.er.er //2 /??7 Re)oluton*

//2 /??7 Re)oluton*@/@/

In

In t) Septe!.t) Septe!.er />2 er />2 /??> Dec)/??> Dec)on2 th)on2 th) Court held that2 %ollo&n( the ruln( n

Court held that2 %ollo&n( the ruln( n People v.People v. Bitanga

Bitanga22@5@5 _{the re!edy o% annul!ent o% ,ud(!ent the re!edy o% annul!ent o% ,ud(!ent} cannot .e a$aled o% n

cannot .e a$aled o% n cr!nal ca)e)* The Courtcr!nal ca)e)* The Court l"e&)e re,ected pettoner) contenton that the l"e&)e re,ected pettoner) contenton that the tral court had no ,ur)dcton o$er the ca)e* tral court had no ,ur)dcton o$er the ca)e*

#et

#ettontoner) er) are no& are no& .e%o.e%ore re th) Courtth) Court )ee"n( the re$er)al o% the Septe!.er />2 /??> )ee"n( the re$er)al o% the Septe!.er />2 /??> Dec

Dec)on )on and2 and2 con)con)eKueeKuentlyntly2 2 the the annuannul!enl!ent t o% o%  ther con$cton .y the tral court* In ther +er'ed ther con$cton .y the tral court* In ther +er'ed Moton %or

Moton %or Recon)deRecon)deraton2raton2@H@H _{pettoner) a)" th) pettoner) a)" th)} Court to re$)t and ta"e a )econd loo": at the Court to re$)t and ta"e a )econd loo": at the )

))u)ue) e) n n ththe e caca)e )e &&tthohout ut .e.enn( ( unundudulyly ha!pered .y any perce$ed techncal )hort%all) ha!pered .y any perce$ed techncal )hort%all) o% a

o% a .elea(uere.elea(uered nnocent lt(ant*: In d nnocent lt(ant*: In partcular2partcular2 they ra)e the %ollo&n( ))ue)

they ra)e the %ollo&n( ))ue)

7*

7* 88ITITL L A=A===

DUE RES#ECT2 AND IN =IGLT OF DUE RES#ECT2 AND IN =IGLT OF  TLE

 TLE CORRECT CORRECT A##=ICATA##=ICATIONS IONS OFOF DOC

DOCTRITRINA= NA= JURJURIS#IS#RUDRUDENCENCE2E2 #E

#ETITITITIONONERERS S LALAD D #U#URSRSUEUEDD  TLEIR MORE

 TLEIR MORE TLAN T8ENT FI+ETLAN T8ENT FI+E /6 EARS UEST FOR JUSTICE /6 EARS UEST FOR JUSTICE AS

AS INNINNOCOCENENT T MENMEN2 2 AND LADAND LAD LON

LONESTEST==  MAIMAINTNTAINAINED ED TLATLATT  TLEIR RESORT TO

 TLEIR RESORT TO RE+ERSE2 SETRE+ERSE2 SET ASIDE ANDPOR ANNU=2 IS IN =INE ASIDE ANDPOR ANNU=2 IS IN =INE 8I

8ITL TL JUJURIRIS#S#RURUDEDENCNCE E ANANDD =A82

=A82 AA$$2 2 TTEECC33$$!!CCAA00 S34#

S34#TTA00S A00S 54#54#6 6 EECEECTSTS $4T7!T3STA$!$"5)6

$4T7!T3STA$!$"5)6

/*

/* 88ITITL L A=A===

DUE RES#ECT

DUE RES#ECT2 2 AGAIAGAIN N IN =IGLTIN =IGLT OF A##=ICAB=E

OF A##=ICAB=E JURIS#RUDEJURIS#RUDENCENCE ON TLE ISSUE OF JURISDICTION2 ON TLE ISSUE OF JURISDICTION2 #ETIT

#ETITIONEIONERS RS ARE ARE NOT BARREDNOT BARRED FROM RAISING SUCL

FROM RAISING SUCL UESTIONUESTION OF

OF JURIJURISDICSDICTION AT TION AT AN TIMEAN TIME AND

AND IN IN FFACT ACT MAIMAINTNTAIN AIN TLATLATT

RES#O

RES#ONDNNDNET ET COURCOURTS TS LADLAD $4$4  89#!S!CT!4

 89#!S!CT!4$$IIN N ==AA8 8 AANNDD EN=I

EN=IGLTEGLTENING NING DOCTDOCTRINERINES S TOTO  TR AN

 TR AND DECIDE TD DECIDE TLIS CASE;LIS CASE;

5*

5* AGAIN AGAIN 8ITL8ITL

A

A=== = DDUUE E RREESS##EECCTT AND

AND 9$9$4#4#T9$T9$AATE0TE022, , T3ET3E VE#

VE#2 2 89ST!89ST!2!$2!$" " ME#!ME#!TS TS 44 PET!T!4$E#S:

PET!T!4$E#S:A##RO#RIATEA##RO#RIATE INST

INSTANT ANT REMEREMEDD;; 33AA  $$4T4T C4$SE;9E$T02 BEE$ PASSE C4$SE;9E$T02 BEE$ PASSE 9

9PP44$$, , TT4 4 9P9P334400  TT33EE PA#AM49$T

PA#AM49$T C4$S

C4$ST!T9TT!T9T!4$A!4$A0 0 C3E#C3E#!SE!SE MA$ATE

MA$ATE2 2 TLE TLE #RES#RESUM#TUM#TIONION O

OF F IINNNNOOCCEENNCCE E MMUUSST T BBEE U#L

U#LE=DE=D2 2 EQEQCE#CE#T T ONON==  U#OU#ONN EST

ESTAB=ISAB=ISLED LED AND AND ADMIADMISSIB=SSIB=EE E+IDENCE BEOND REASONAB=E E+IDENCE BEOND REASONAB=E DOUBT; AND

DOUBT; AND

H* #ETITIONER

H* #ETITIONER

S

S VE#2 39MB02 BESEEC3VE#2 39MB02 BESEEC3 TLIS TLIS LONO

LONORABRAB=E =E COURCOURTS TS LIGLLIGLESTEST SE

SENNSE SE OOF F MAMAGNGNANANIIMIMITT22 UND

UNDERSERSTTANDANDINGING2 2 JUDJUDICIICIOUSOUS 8ISD

8ISDOM OM AND AND COM#COM#ASSIOASSION2 N2 SOSO  TLAT

 TLAT JUSTICE JUSTICE MA MA TRU=TRU=  ANDAND  JUST=

 JUST=  BE BE RENDERED RENDERED IN IN FFA+ORA+OR OF

OF #ET#ETITIITIONONERS ERS AS AS IT IT MUSMUST2T2 GI+

GI+EN EN TLE TLE +ER+ER  UNUNIUIUE E ANDAND COM

COM#E=#E==IN=ING G JUSJUSTIFTIFICAICATITIONONSS LEREOF@*

LEREOF@*@6@6

5  5  # a ( e# a ( e

 JURISDIC

 JURISDICTION; FOR TION; FOR CASECASE DIGEST

DIGEST

#ettoner) l"e&)e pray %or a re%erral o%  #ettoner) l"e&)e pray %or a re%erral o%  the ca)e to the Court

the ca)e to the Court En BancEn Banc %or oral ar(u!ent %or oral ar(u!ent or to .e allo&ed

or to .e allo&ed to )u.!t &rtten )upple!entaryto )u.!t &rtten )upple!entary ple

pleadadn() n() %or %or thethe! ! to to )ta)tate te the the coco!pe!pelllln(n( rea

rea)on) )on) &hy &hy thether r !ot!oton on %or %or recrecon)don)derateratonon )hould .e allo&ed*

)hould .e allo&ed*

In

In ththe e nnteterre)e)t t o% o% ,u,u)t)tcce e anand d %o%orr hu!

hu!anantatararan n rerea)oa)on)2 n)2 the the CouCourt rt deedee!) !) tt nece))ary to re<e-a!ne th) ca)e*

nece))ary to re<e-a!ne th) ca)e*

Ad

Ad!!ttttededlyly2 2 pepettttononerer) ) totoo" o" !a!anyny procedur

procedural !))tep) n al !))tep) n th) ca)e2 %ro! the t!e th) ca)e2 %ro! the t!e tt &a) pendn( n the tral court untl t reached th) &a) pendn( n the tral court untl t reached th) Court2 all o% &hch could )er$e a)

Court2 all o% &hch could )er$e a) enou(h .a)) toenou(h .a)) to d)!)) the pre)ent !oton %or recon)deraton* d)!)) the pre)ent !oton %or recon)deraton* Lo&e$er2 con)dern( pettoner) ad$anced a(e2 Lo&e$er2 con)dern( pettoner) ad$anced a(e2 the len(th o% t!e th) ca)e ha) .een pendn(2 the len(th o% t!e th) ca)e ha) .een pendn(2 and the !!nent lo)) o% per)onal l.erty a) a and the !!nent lo)) o% per)onal l.erty a) a re

re)ul)ult t o% o% petpetttoneoner) r) concon$c$ctoton2 n2 the the CouCourtrt re)

re)ol$e) to ol$e) to (ran(rantt pro  pro hac hac vicevice the the !ot!oton on %or%or recon)deraton*

recon)deraton*

tool

tool) ) de)(de)(ned ned to to %ac%acltaltate te the attan!the attan!ent ent o% o%   ,u)tce*

 ,u)tce* The The )trct )trct and and r(d r(d applcaton applcaton o% o% rule)rule) th

that at tentend d to to %ru%ru)tr)trate ate ratrather her thathan n prpro!oo!otete )u.)tantal ,u)t

)u.)tantal ,u)tce !u)t al&ay) .e a$odce !u)t al&ay) .e a$oded* ed* It )It ) %ar .etter and !ore prudent %or the

%ar .etter and !ore prudent %or the courcourt t toto e-cu)e a techncal lap)e and aord the parte) a e-cu)e a techncal lap)e and aord the parte) a re$e& o% the ca)e to attan the end) o% ,u)tce2 re$e& o% the ca)e to attan the end) o% ,u)tce2 rather than d)po)e o% the ca)e on techncalty rather than d)po)e o% the ca)e on techncalty and cau)e (ra$e n,u)tce to the parte)*

and cau)e (ra$e n,u)tce to the parte)*@0@0

 Th)

 Th) Court Court note) note) that that the the ca)e ca)e &a)&a) al

allolo&e&ed d to to rurun n tt) ) cocourur)e )e a) a) a a pepettttonon %or

%or certioraricertiorari 2 2 )u)uch ch ththat n at n tt) ) ApAprrl l 7/7/2 2 /?/??H?H Re)oluton2 t )ad Con)dern( the alle(aton)2 Re)oluton2 t )ad Con)dern( the alle(aton)2 ))ue) and ar(u!ent) adduced n the

))ue) and ar(u!ent) adduced n the petton %orpetton %or re

re$e$e& & onon certioraricertiorari - - - - -*-*: : ==""e&e&))e2 e2 n n tt)) Fe.ruary 7?2 /??5 Re)oluton2

Fe.ruary 7?2 /??5 Re)oluton2@@ _{the Court )ad2 the Court )ad2} It appearn( that

It appearn( that AttyAtty* * FraFranc)co R* =la!a)2 nc)co R* =la!a)2 nn h) o&n .ehal% and a)

h) o&n .ehal% and a) coun)el %or pettoner)2 ha)coun)el %or pettoner)2 ha) %aled to 'le ther reply to the Solctor General) %aled to 'le ther reply to the Solctor General) c

coo!!!!eennt t oon n tthhe e ppeettttoon n %%oor r rree$$ee&& on

on certioraricertiorari &thn the e-tended perod - - -*: &thn the e-tended perod - - -*:

 Thu)2 the Court2 at the 'r)t n)tanc  Thu)2 the Court2 at the 'r)t n)tance2 hade2 had reco(n4ed that the petton2 althou(h captoned reco(n4ed that the petton2 althou(h captoned

Ne

Ne-t-t2 2 &e &e prprococeeeed d to to rere)o)ol$l$e e ththee )u.)tant$e ))ue) ra)ed .y pettoner)*

)u.)tant$e ))ue) ra)ed .y pettoner)*

Artcle 571 / o%

Artcle 571 / o% the Re$)ed #enal Codethe Re$)ed #enal Code )tate)

)tate)

ART* 571*

ART* 571* Other forms of Other forms of  swindling.

swindling.   TThhe e ppeennaallttyy o%

o% arresto mayor arresto mayor  n t) !n!u! n t) !n!u! and !edu! perod) and a 'ne and !edu! perod) and a 'ne o% not le)) than the $alue o% the o% not le)) than the $alue o% the da!

da!a(a(e e cacau)eu)ed d and and nonot t !or!oree tha

than n thrthree ee t!t!e) e) )uc)uch h $a$aluelue22 )hall .e !po)ed upon

)hall .e !po)ed upon

-/

#ettoner) l"e&)e pray %or a re%erral o%  #ettoner) l"e&)e pray %or a re%erral o%  the ca)e to the Court

the ca)e to the Court En BancEn Banc %or oral ar(u!ent %or oral ar(u!ent or to .e allo&ed

or to .e allo&ed to )u.!t &rtten )upple!entaryto )u.!t &rtten )upple!entary ple

pleadadn() n() %or %or thethe! ! to to )ta)tate te the the coco!pe!pelllln(n( rea

rea)on) )on) &hy &hy thether r !ot!oton on %or %or recrecon)don)derateratonon )hould .e allo&ed*

)hould .e allo&ed*

In

In ththe e nnteterre)e)t t o% o% ,u,u)t)tcce e anand d %o%orr hu!

hu!anantatararan n rerea)oa)on)2 n)2 the the CouCourt rt deedee!) !) tt nece))ary to re<e-a!ne th) ca)e*

nece))ary to re<e-a!ne th) ca)e*

Ad

Ad!!ttttededlyly2 2 pepettttononerer) ) totoo" o" !a!anyny procedur

procedural !))tep) n al !))tep) n th) ca)e2 %ro! the t!e th) ca)e2 %ro! the t!e tt &a) pendn( n the tral court untl t reached th) &a) pendn( n the tral court untl t reached th) Court2 all o% &hch could )er$e a)

Court2 all o% &hch could )er$e a) enou(h .a)) toenou(h .a)) to d)!)) the pre)ent !oton %or recon)deraton* d)!)) the pre)ent !oton %or recon)deraton* Lo&e$er2 con)dern( pettoner) ad$anced a(e2 Lo&e$er2 con)dern( pettoner) ad$anced a(e2 the len(th o% t!e th) ca)e ha) .een pendn(2 the len(th o% t!e th) ca)e ha) .een pendn(2 and the !!nent lo)) o% per)onal l.erty a) a and the !!nent lo)) o% per)onal l.erty a) a re

re)ul)ult t o% o% petpetttoneoner) r) concon$c$ctoton2 n2 the the CouCourtrt re)

re)ol$e) to ol$e) to (ran(rantt pro  pro hac hac vicevice the the !ot!oton on %or%or recon)deraton*

recon)deraton*

 Th)

 Th) Court Court ha)2 ha)2 on on occa)on2 occa)on2 )u)pended)u)pended the

the applapplcatcaton on o% o% techtechncancal l rulerule) ) o% o% proproceducedurere &here !atter) o% l%e2 l.erty2 honor or property2 &here !atter) o% l%e2 l.erty2 honor or property2 a!on

a!on( ( otheother r n)tn)tanceance)2 )2 are at are at )ta")ta"e*e*@1@1 _{I It t ha)ha)} all

allo&eo&ed d )o!)o!e e !er!ertotororou) u) ca)ca)e) e) to to prproceoceeded de)pte nherent procedural de%ect) and lap)e) de)pte nherent procedural de%ect) and lap)e) on the prncple that rule)

on the prncple that rule) o% procedure are !ereo% procedure are !ere

tool

tool) ) de)(de)(ned ned to to %ac%acltaltate te the attan!the attan!ent ent o% o%   ,u)tce*

 ,u)tce* The The )trct )trct and and r(d r(d applcaton applcaton o% o% rule)rule) th

that at tentend d to to %ru%ru)tr)trate ate ratrather her thathan n prpro!oo!otete )u.)tantal ,u)t

)u.)tantal ,u)tce !u)t al&ay) .e a$odce !u)t al&ay) .e a$oded* ed* It )It ) %ar .etter and !ore prudent %or the

%ar .etter and !ore prudent %or the courcourt t toto e-cu)e a techncal lap)e and aord the parte) a e-cu)e a techncal lap)e and aord the parte) a re$e& o% the ca)e to attan the end) o% ,u)tce2 re$e& o% the ca)e to attan the end) o% ,u)tce2 rather than d)po)e o% the ca)e on techncalty rather than d)po)e o% the ca)e on techncalty and cau)e (ra$e n,u)tce to the parte)*

and cau)e (ra$e n,u)tce to the parte)*@0@0

 Th)

 Th) Court Court note) note) that that the the ca)e ca)e &a)&a) al

allolo&e&ed d to to rurun n tt) ) cocourur)e )e a) a) a a pepettttonon %or

%or certioraricertiorari 2 2 )u)uch ch ththat n at n tt) ) ApAprrl l 7/7/2 2 /?/??H?H Re)oluton2 t )ad Con)dern( the alle(aton)2 Re)oluton2 t )ad Con)dern( the alle(aton)2 ))ue) and ar(u!ent) adduced n the

))ue) and ar(u!ent) adduced n the petton %orpetton %or re

re$e$e& & onon certioraricertiorari - - - - -*-*: : ==""e&e&))e2 e2 n n tt)) Fe.ruary 7?2 /??5 Re)oluton2

Fe.ruary 7?2 /??5 Re)oluton2@@ _{the Court )ad2 the Court )ad2} It appearn( that

It appearn( that AttyAtty* * FraFranc)co R* =la!a)2 nc)co R* =la!a)2 nn h) o&n .ehal% and a)

h) o&n .ehal% and a) coun)el %or pettoner)2 ha)coun)el %or pettoner)2 ha) %aled to 'le ther reply to the Solctor General) %aled to 'le ther reply to the Solctor General) c

coo!!!!eennt t oon n tthhe e ppeettttoon n %%oor r rree$$ee&& on

on certioraricertiorari &thn the e-tended perod - - -*: &thn the e-tended perod - - -*:

 Thu)2 the Court2 at the 'r)t n)tanc  Thu)2 the Court2 at the 'r)t n)tance2 hade2 had reco(n4ed that the petton2 althou(h captoned reco(n4ed that the petton2 althou(h captoned derently2 &a) ndeed one %or

derently2 &a) ndeed one %or certioraricertiorari **

S

Sncnce e &e &e haha$e $e rere)o)ol$l$ed ed to to trtreaeat t ththee pe

petttton on a) a) onone e %o%orr certioraricertiorari 2 2 ththe e dodoctctrrnene n

n People v. BitangaPeople v. Bitanga@>@> _{no lon(er 'nd) applcaton no lon(er 'nd) applcaton} n th) ca)e*

n th) ca)e*

Ne

Ne-t-t2 2 &e &e prprococeeeed d to to rere)o)ol$l$e e ththee )u.)tant$e ))ue) ra)ed .y pettoner)*

)u.)tant$e ))ue) ra)ed .y pettoner)*

Artcle 571 / o%

Artcle 571 / o% the Re$)ed #enal Codethe Re$)ed #enal Code )tate)

)tate)

ART* 571*

ART* 571* Other forms of Other forms of  swindling.

swindling.   TThhe e ppeennaallttyy o%

o% arresto mayor arresto mayor  n t) !n!u! n t) !n!u! and !edu! perod) and a 'ne and !edu! perod) and a 'ne o% not le)) than the $alue o% the o% not le)) than the $alue o% the da!

da!a(a(e e cacau)eu)ed d and and nonot t !or!oree tha

than n thrthree ee t!t!e) e) )uc)uch h $a$aluelue22 )hall .e !po)ed upon

)hall .e !po)ed upon

-/

/* * AAnnyy p

peerr))oon n &&hhoo22 "no&n( that real "no&n( that real p

prrooppeerrtty y )) encu!.ered2 encu!.ered2 )ha

)hall ll d)d)po)po)e e o% o%  tthhe e ))aa!!ee22 al

alththouou(h (h )u)uchch encu

encu!.ra!.rance nce .e.e not recorded; not recorded;

H  H  # a ( e# a ( e

 JURISDICTION; FOR CASE DIGEST

-In e$ery cr!nal pro)ecuton2 the State !u)t pro$e .eyond rea)ona.le dou.t all the

ele!ent) o% the cr!e char(ed and the

co!plcty or partcpaton o% the accu)ed*@7?

For pettoner) to .e con$cted o% the cr!e o% )&ndln( under Artcle 571 / o% the Re$)ed #enal Code2 the pro)ecuton had the .urden to pro$e the conuence o% the %ollo&n( e))ental ele!ent) o% the cr!e

7* that the thn( d)po)ed o% .e real property;

/* that the oender "ne& that the real property &a) encu!.ered2

&hether the encu!.rance ) recorded or not;

One o% the e))ental ele!ent) o%  )&ndln( under Artcle 5712 para(raph /2 ) that the act o% d)po)n( the encu!.ered real property ) !ade to the da!a(e o% another* In th) ca)e2 nether the tral court nor the CA !ade any 'ndn( o% any da!a(e to the oended party* No&here n the Dec)on o% the RTC or that o% the CA ) there any d)cu))on that there &a) da!a(e )uered .y co!planant A$la2 or any 'ndn( that h) r(ht) o$er the property &ere pre,udced*

On the contrary2 co!planant had po))e))on and control o% the land e$en a) the ca)e) &ere .en( heard* L) po))e))on and r(ht to e-erc)e do!non o$er the property &a) not d)tur.ed* Ad!ttedly2 there &a) delay n the del$ery o% the ttle* Th)2 ho&e$er2 &a) the )u.,ect o% a )eparate ca)e2 &hch &a) e$entually decded n pettoner) %a$or*@7/

73E#E4#E2 the %ore(on( pre!)e) con)dered2 the Moton %or Recon)deraton ) "#A$TE* The a))aled Dec)on dated Septe!.er />2 /??> ) SET AS!E and a ne& one ) entered AC;9!TT!$" pettoner) o% the cr!e char(ed on the (round o% the pro)ecuton) %alure to pro$e ther (ult .eyond rea)ona.le dou.t*

S4 4#E#E.

EP9T2 !#ECT4# "E$E#A0 #4BE#T4 0AST!M4S4, ACT!$" C3!E P3!0!PP!$E $AT!4$A0 P40!CE <P$P=, !#ECT4#ATE 4# PE#S4$$E0 A$ #EC4#S MA$A"EME$T <P#M=, !$SPECT4# "E$E#A0, P>C3!E S9PT. #AMSE2 4CAMP4 and P>S9PT. E0ME# #E8A$4, pettoner)2

$)*

P>SE$!4# !$SPECT4# 84SE 8. ASA24, re)pondent*

-In e$ery cr!nal pro)ecuton2 the State !u)t pro$e .eyond rea)ona.le dou.t all the

ele!ent) o% the cr!e char(ed and the

co!plcty or partcpaton o% the accu)ed*@7?

For pettoner) to .e con$cted o% the cr!e o% )&ndln( under Artcle 571 / o% the Re$)ed #enal Code2 the pro)ecuton had the .urden to pro$e the conuence o% the %ollo&n( e))ental ele!ent) o% the cr!e

7* that the thn( d)po)ed o% .e real property;

/* that the oender "ne& that the real property &a) encu!.ered2

&hether the encu!.rance ) recorded or not;

5* that there !u)t .e e-pre))

repre)entaton .y the

oender that the real

property ) %ree %ro!

encu!.rance; and

H* that the act o% d)po)n( o%  the real property .e !ade to

the da!a(e o% another*@77

One o% the e))ental ele!ent) o%  )&ndln( under Artcle 5712 para(raph /2 ) that the act o% d)po)n( the encu!.ered real property ) !ade to the da!a(e o% another* In th) ca)e2 nether the tral court nor the CA !ade any 'ndn( o% any da!a(e to the oended party* No&here n the Dec)on o% the RTC or that o% the CA ) there any d)cu))on that there &a) da!a(e )uered .y co!planant A$la2 or any 'ndn( that h) r(ht) o$er the property &ere pre,udced*

On the contrary2 co!planant had po))e))on and control o% the land e$en a) the ca)e) &ere .en( heard* L) po))e))on and r(ht to e-erc)e do!non o$er the property &a) not d)tur.ed* Ad!ttedly2 there &a) delay n the del$ery o% the ttle* Th)2 ho&e$er2 &a) the )u.,ect o% a )eparate ca)e2 &hch &a) e$entually decded n pettoner) %a$or*@7/

I% no da!a(e )hould re)ult %ro! the )ale2 no cr!e o% e)ta%a &ould ha$e .een co!!tted .y the $endor2 a) the ele!ent o% da!a(e &ould then .e lac"n(*@75_{The ne$ta.le conclu)on2}

there%ore2 ) that pettoner) )hould .e acKutted o% the cr!e char(ed*

73E#E4#E2 the %ore(on( pre!)e) con)dered2 the Moton %or Recon)deraton ) "#A$TE* The a))aled Dec)on dated Septe!.er />2 /??> ) SET AS!E and a ne& one ) entered AC;9!TT!$" pettoner) o% the cr!e char(ed on the (round o% the pro)ecuton) %alure to pro$e ther (ult .eyond rea)ona.le dou.t*

S4 4#E#E.

EP9T2 !#ECT4# "E$E#A0 #4BE#T4 0AST!M4S4, ACT!$" C3!E P3!0!PP!$E $AT!4$A0 P40!CE <P$P=, !#ECT4#ATE 4# PE#S4$$E0 A$ #EC4#S MA$A"EME$T <P#M=, !$SPECT4# "E$E#A0, P>C3!E S9PT. #AMSE2 4CAMP4 and P>S9PT. E0ME# #E8A$4, pettoner)2

$)*

P>SE$!4# !$SPECT4# 84SE 8. ASA24, re)pondent*

A9ST#!A?MA#T!$E@, J./

Be%ore the Court ) re)pondent) Moton %or Recon)deraton o% the Dec)on pro!ul(ated on March 12 /??0* In )ad Dec)on2 the Court (ranted the petton2 holdn( that the #hlppne Natonal #olce #N# Che% had ,ur)dcton to ta"e co(n4ance o% the c$lan co!plant a(an)t

6  # a ( e

 JURISDICTION; FOR CASE DIGEST

re)pondent and that the latter &a) accorded due proce)) durn( the )u!!ary hearn(*

Fact) Re)pondent ar(ue) that the dec)on )hould .e recon)dered %or the %ollo&n( rea)on) 7* The )u!!ary proceedn( &a) null and $od .ecau)e no hearn( &a) conducted; and /* The e$dence pre)ented at the )u!!ary hearn( doe) not pro$e that re)pondent ) (ulty o% the char(e) a(an)t h!*

Re)pondent n))t) that the )u!!ary hearn( o3cer dd not conduct any hearn( at all .ut only reled on the a3da$t) and pleadn() )u.!tted to h!2 &thout propoundn( %urther Kue)ton) to co!planant) &tne))e)2 or calln( n other &tne))e) )uch a) #O/ +llara!a* It )hould2 ho&e$er2 .e .orne n !nd that the %act that there &a) no %ull<.lo&n tral .e%ore the )u!!ary hearn( o3cer doe) not n$aldate )ad

proceedn()* In Samalio v. Court of Appeals27_the

Court reterated the t!e<honored prncple that ue 1rocess in an administrative contet does not reuire trial?ty1e 1roceedin*s similar to those in courts of ustice* 8here opportunty to .e heard ether throu(h oral

other &ord)2 it is not le*ally obectionable for bein* violative of due 1rocess for an administrative a*ency to resolve a case based solely on 1osition 1a1ers, aDdavits or documentary evidence submitted by the 1arties as aDdavits of itnesses may take the 1lace of their direct

testimony*/_{E!pha)) )uppled}

Ruln( The 'r)t ))ue pre)ented .y re)pondent !u)t2 there%ore2 .e )truc" do&n*

 To re)ol$e the )econd ))ue2 re)pondent &ould ha$e the Court re<cal.rate the &e(ht o%

e$dence pre)ented .e%ore the )u!!ary hearn( o3cer2 ar(un( that )ad e$dence ) n)u3cent to pro$e re)pondent) (ult o% the char(e) a(an)t h!*

Lo&e$er2 t !u)t .e e!pha)4ed that the acton co!!enced .y re)pondent .e%ore the Re(onal  Tral Court ) one %or certiorari under Rule 16 o% the Rule) o% Court and a) held n People v. Court of Appeals,5 _{&here the ))ue or Kue)ton n$ol$ed}

aect) the &)do! or le(al )oundne)) o% the dec)on  not the ,ur)dcton o% the court to render )ad dec)on  the )a!e ) .eyond the pro$nce o% a )pecal c$l acton %or certiorari*

Lo&e$er2 Secton 72 Rule 7 o% the Rule) o% Court pro$de) that the Rule) )hall .e l.erally con)trued n order to pro!ote ther o.,ect$e o% )ecurn( a ,u)t2 )peedy and ne-pen)$e d)po)ton o% e$ery acton and proceedn(*

Ininete v. Court of Appeals6_{and Sanche! v.}

Court of Appeals21 _{the Court )a& t proper to}

)u)pend rule) o% procedure n order to pro!ote )u.)tantal ,u)tce &here !atter) o% l%e2 l.erty2 honor or property2 a!on( other n)tance)2 are at )ta"e*

 The pre)ent ca)e clearly n$ol$e) the honor o% a polce o3cer &ho ha) rendered year) o% )er$ce to the country*

In addton2 t ) al)o under)tanda.le &hy re)pondent !!edately re)orted to the re!edy o% certiorari n)tead o% pur)un( h) !oton %or recon)deraton o% the #N# Che%) dec)on a) an appeal .e%ore the Natonal Appellate Board NAB* It &a) Kute ea)y to (et con%u)ed a) to &hch .ody had ,ur)dcton o$er h) ca)e* The co!plant 'led a(an)t re)pondent could %all under .oth Secton) H7 and H/ o% Repu.lc Act R*A* No* 1>06 or the Depart!ent o% the Interor and =ocal Go$ern!ent Act o% 7>>?* Secton H7 )tate) that ct4en) co!plant) )hould .e .rou(ht .e%ore the #eople) =a& En%orce!ent

re)pondent and that the latter &a) accorded due proce)) durn( the )u!!ary hearn(*

Fact) Re)pondent ar(ue) that the dec)on )hould .e recon)dered %or the %ollo&n( rea)on) 7* The )u!!ary proceedn( &a) null and $od .ecau)e no hearn( &a) conducted; and /* The e$dence pre)ented at the )u!!ary hearn( doe) not pro$e that re)pondent ) (ulty o% the char(e) a(an)t h!*

Re)pondent n))t) that the )u!!ary hearn( o3cer dd not conduct any hearn( at all .ut only reled on the a3da$t) and pleadn() )u.!tted to h!2 &thout propoundn( %urther Kue)ton) to co!planant) &tne))e)2 or calln( n other &tne))e) )uch a) #O/ +llara!a* It )hould2 ho&e$er2 .e .orne n !nd that the %act that there &a) no %ull<.lo&n tral .e%ore the )u!!ary hearn( o3cer doe) not n$aldate )ad

proceedn()* In Samalio v. Court of Appeals27_the

Court reterated the t!e<honored prncple that ue 1rocess in an administrative contet does not reuire trial?ty1e 1roceedin*s similar to those in courts of ustice* 8here opportunty to .e heard ether throu(h oral ar(u!ent) or throu(h pleadn() ) accorded2 there ) no denal o% procedural due proce))* A formal or trial?ty1e hearin* is not at all times and in all instances essential* The reKure!ent) are )at)'ed &here the parte) are aorded %ar and rea)ona.le opportunty to e-plan ther )de o% the contro$er)y at hand* The )tandard o% due proce)) that !u)t .e !et n ad!n)trat$e tr.unal) allo&) a certan de(ree o% lattude a) lon( a) %arne)) ) not (nored* In

other &ord)2 it is not le*ally obectionable for bein* violative of due 1rocess for an administrative a*ency to resolve a case based solely on 1osition 1a1ers, aDdavits or documentary evidence submitted by the 1arties as aDdavits of itnesses may take the 1lace of their direct

testimony*/_{E!pha)) )uppled}

Ruln( The 'r)t ))ue pre)ented .y re)pondent !u)t2 there%ore2 .e )truc" do&n*

 To re)ol$e the )econd ))ue2 re)pondent &ould ha$e the Court re<cal.rate the &e(ht o%

e$dence pre)ented .e%ore the )u!!ary hearn( o3cer2 ar(un( that )ad e$dence ) n)u3cent to pro$e re)pondent) (ult o% the char(e) a(an)t h!*

Lo&e$er2 t !u)t .e e!pha)4ed that the acton co!!enced .y re)pondent .e%ore the Re(onal  Tral Court ) one %or certiorari under Rule 16 o% the Rule) o% Court and a) held n People v. Court of Appeals,5 _{&here the ))ue or Kue)ton n$ol$ed}

aect) the &)do! or le(al )oundne)) o% the dec)on  not the ,ur)dcton o% the court to render )ad dec)on  the )a!e ) .eyond the pro$nce o% a )pecal c$l acton %or certiorari*  et2 re)pondent<!o$ant) ar(u!ent) and the %act

that the ad!n)trat$e ca)e a(an)t re)pondent &a) 'led &ay .ac" n 7>>02 con$nced the Court to )u)pend the rule) o% procedure*

 The (eneral rule ) that the 'ln( o% a petton %or certiorari doe) not toll the runnn( o% the

perod to appeal*H

Lo&e$er2 Secton 72 Rule 7 o% the Rule) o% Court pro$de) that the Rule) )hall .e l.erally con)trued n order to pro!ote ther o.,ect$e o% )ecurn( a ,u)t2 )peedy and ne-pen)$e d)po)ton o% e$ery acton and proceedn(*

Ininete v. Court of Appeals6_{and Sanche! v.}

Court of Appeals21 _{the Court )a& t proper to}

)u)pend rule) o% procedure n order to pro!ote )u.)tantal ,u)tce &here !atter) o% l%e2 l.erty2 honor or property2 a!on( other n)tance)2 are at )ta"e*

 The pre)ent ca)e clearly n$ol$e) the honor o% a polce o3cer &ho ha) rendered year) o% )er$ce to the country*

In addton2 t ) al)o under)tanda.le &hy re)pondent !!edately re)orted to the re!edy o% certiorari n)tead o% pur)un( h) !oton %or recon)deraton o% the #N# Che%) dec)on a) an appeal .e%ore the Natonal Appellate Board NAB* It &a) Kute ea)y to (et con%u)ed a) to &hch .ody had ,ur)dcton o$er h) ca)e* The co!plant 'led a(an)t re)pondent could %all under .oth Secton) H7 and H/ o% Repu.lc Act R*A* No* 1>06 or the Depart!ent o% the Interor and =ocal Go$ern!ent Act o% 7>>?* Secton H7 )tate) that ct4en) co!plant) )hould .e .rou(ht .e%ore the #eople) =a& En%orce!ent Board #=EB2 &hle Secton H/ )tate) that t ) the #N# Che% &ho ha) authorty to !!edately re!o$e or d)!)) a #N# !e!.er &ho ) (ulty o%  conduct un.eco!n( a polce o3cer*

It &a) only n "uiam#ao v. Court of

 Appeals,0 _{pro!ul(ated n /??6 or after}

res1ondent had already Fled the 1etition

forcertiorari  ith the trial court2 &hen the

Court re)ol$ed the ))ue o% &hch .ody ha) 1  # a ( e

 JURISDICTION; FOR CASE DIGEST

 ,ur)dcton o$er ca)e) that %all under .oth Secton) H7 and H/ o% R*A* No* 1>06* The Court held that the #=EB and the #N# Che% and re(onal drector) ha$e concurrent urisdiction over administrative cases 'led a(an)t !e!.er) o% the #N# &hch !ay &arrant d)!))al %ro! )er$ce2 .ut once a co!plant ) 'led &th the #N# Che% or re(onal drector)2 )ad authorte) )hall acKure e-clu)$e or(nal  ,ur)dcton o$er the ca)e*

8th the %ore(on( pecular crcu!)tance) n th) ca)e2 re)pondent )hould not .e depr$ed o% the opportunty to %ully $entlate h) ar(u!ent) a(an)t the %actual 'ndn() o% the #N# Che%* Le !ay 'le an appeal .e%ore the NAB2 pur)uant to Secton H62 R*A* No* 1>/6* It ) a )ettled

 ,ur)prudence that n ad!n)trat$e proceedn()2 techncal rule) o% procedure and e$dence are not )trctly appled* _{In $and Ban% of the}

Philippines v. Celada2> _{the Court )tre))ed thu)}

A%ter all2 techncal rule) o% procedure are not end) n the!)el$e) .ut are pr!arly de$)ed to help n the proper and e-pedent d)pen)aton o%  ,u)tce* In approprate ca)e)2 there%ore2 the rule) !ay .e con)trued l.erally n order to !eet and

ad$ance the cau)e o% )u.)tantal ,u)tce*7?

Appellate Board &thn ten 7? day) %ro! 'nalty o% heren Re)oluton*

"arcia vs. Sandi*anbayan H1? SCRA 6 June //2 /??62 TINGA

acts/<Ma,or General Carlo) F* Garca &a) the Deputy Che% o% Sta %or Co!ptroller)hp o% the AF#*

<On Sept/02 /??H2 Atty* Mara Ol$a Ro-a)2 Gra%t In$e)t(aton and #ro)ecuton O3cer o% the Feld In$e)t(aton O3ce o% the O3ce o% the

O!.ud)!an2 a%ter due n$e)t(aton2 'led a COM#=AINT $)* Garca %or +IO=ATION OF

7* SECTION  IN RE Secton 77 o% RA 1075Code o% Conduct o% Ethcal Standard) %or #u.lc O3cal) and E!ployee)

/* Art 752 R#C

5* Sec6/A72 5  /? o% the C$l Ser$ce =a& <.a)ed on th) co!plant2 a ca)e &a) 'led $)* #ettoner

O!.ud)!an .e%ore the SB $)* Garca2 h) &%e and 5 )on) O!.ud)!an2 a%ter conductn( nKury )!lar to #I ha) deter!ned a pr!a %ace ca)e e-)t) $)* Ma,* Gen Garca )nce durn( h) ncu!.ency a) a )older and pu.lc o3cer he acKured hu(e a!ount) o% !oney and properte) !an%e)tly out o% proporton to h) )alary a) )uch pu.lc o3cer and h) other la&%ul nco!e  SB GRANTED #ETITION2 ISSUED 8RIT OF

#RE=IMINAR ATTACLMENT

<Garca 'led MTD then th) #ETITION )a!e day a*=AC OF JURISDICTION o$er %or%eture

proceedn() CI+I= ACTION under RA 750>  )hould .e &P RTC a) pro$ded under SEC/> o% the la&

.* Sand(an.ayan) ,ur)dcton n C$l Acton) pertan) only to )eparate acton) %or reco$ery o% unla&%ully acKured property $)* #re)* Marco) etc* c* Sand(an.ayan &a) ntended prncpally a) a cr!nal court

BASIS #re)dental ))uance) and la&)

d* Grantn( that SB ha) ,ur)dcton2 petton %or %or%eture ) %atally de%ect$e %or %aln( to co!ply