[J
Burlington Books
VIEW
POINTS
For Bachillerato
STUDENT'S BOOK
Elizabeth Grant
Kevin Payne
[)
VIEW
POINTS
For Bachillerato
STUDENT'S BOOK
Elizabeth Grant
Kevin Payne
READING
VOCABULARY
GRAMMAR
Ll
Review
page 5
1
Star for a Day Fame Present Perfect-Fame
Predicting content Verb collocations ContinuousG u essing meaning from Suffixes Past Perfect Continue
page 9 context Gerunds and i nfi n itiv
2
The Great Pacific The environment ModalsGoing Green
Garbage Patch Phrasal verbs Modal perfectsReading for general \dioms should I had bet e·
page 21 u nderstanding
G uessing meaning from context
3
Smile- You're on Computers The PassiveOnline World
Google Street View Verbs and prepositions The Ca usa ·=Identifying the Verb collocations
page 33 main idea
G uessing mea n i ng from context
4
Sense It
Scanning for specific What's That Smell? Phrasal verbs The senses Reportedsp==-- i nformation Idioms
page 45 G uessing meaning from
context
5
The Kite Runner Fam i l ies Relative cla uses --Families
Making inferences Word famil iesG uessing meaning P h rasal verbs
page 57 from context
6
Burning of the Brands Consu merism Cond itionalsA
G
oo
d Buy
Pronoun reference Col locations I mperatives, modalsG uessing meaning from Phrasa l verbs and time clauses
page 69 context Wish clauses
Exan1 Preparation
Exa� 0rac 1ce Listening Practice Speaking Practice:�age Ei
Appendices
• Gra m m a r Appendix • Glossa ry • Prepos itions -":a;;e �SS page 123 page 131
• Pron u nciation Practice • Phrasal Verbs • I rregu l a r Verbs
nti nuo 1fi nitivE mer h dais s :e
LISTENING
SPEAKING
A radio tal k Ta l k i ng about a picture
A conversation Reaching a decision
A conversation Personal i nterviews
A report Comparing pictures
Personal accounts Expressi n g an opinion
A radio progra mme Role play
• eview of Read i n g Strateg ies ;ge 134
• ."/riti n g G u id e =ge 135
WRITING
A for and against essay A personal statement
Connectors of addition,
contrast and exam ple
I m p rove You r Style: Ru n-on sentences
A formal letter I e-mail PowerPoi nt presentations Formal and i nformal
la nguage
I m p rove Your Style: Para l lel construction
An opinion essay A debate
Connectors of cause, result and pu rpose
I m prove You r Style:
The apostrophe
A description of a n event British etiquette
Adjectives and adverbs
I mprove Your Style:
M isplaced modifiers
A narrative A job interview
Expressions of time and
sequence
I m prove You r Style: Verb agreement
A summary Phone messages
Paraphrasing
I m p rove Your Style: Writing concisely
READING
1.
Read the dialogue between Denise (A) and Carl ( B). Where are they?
A
H i , ea rl !B
H i , Denisel Hey, good to see you ! You look great !A
You too ! How have you been?B
I ' m al right, but it's hard bei ng back.A
I know what you mean . . . I hate getting up so early.B
it's not just that . . . I ' m nervous about all the exams we' l lb e having this year.
A
Me too ! Still, it's n ice to see everybody. it's been a pretty boring summer. Everybody was away at one time or another . . . except m e !B
Did you stay at home a l l summer7A
Yes, I was worki ng. I'm going to ta ke a gap year next year, so I need the money.B
Where did you work?A
I was a waitress i n a cafe. I know it doesn 't sound very exciting, but I earned lots of money.B
That's great !A
So what did you do7B
I went to Fra nce for th ree weeks.A
You ' re so l ucky ! Did you go with you r family?B
No, I was at a summer school i n Marse i l les. I lived with a French family - it was brilliant !A
You ' re doing French this year, are n 't you 7B
Yes, and we've got a huge ora l exam this year, so I wanted to improve my speaking.A
Did it help?B
Oh, yeah I Before the summer school, I'd never really spoken to French people.A
Did you meet a nybody i nteresting!B
Wel l, a friend of the guy I was staying with . . . her name's Marianne ...A
How romanti c ! lt looks l i ke you' l l be practising you r written French too !B
You ' re rig ht. We chat every day ! And what about you ? Are youand Tom sti l l together?
A
Actua l ly, I haven't seen m uch of him lately. The last time I phoned, he was surfing with his friends . . . Oh, that's the bel l . I'd better go.B
Yeah, I 'll see you around.2.
Answer the questions.
1 . Why is it difficult for ea rl to go back to school?
2. What did Den ise do a l l summer?
3. Why did ea rl go to a summer school i n Fra nce/
4. Why did ea rl enjoy his trip so m u c h ? 5 . How do ea rl a n d Marianne keep i n touch?
6. What was Tom doing when Den ise phoned?
3.
The adjectives below are used in the dialogue.
Use five of them to describe the following
events and your feelings about them.
h a rd • nervous • boring • exciti n g bri l l ia nt • l ucky • i nteresting • g reat 1 . you r summer holiday2. returning to school
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GRAMMAR
6
PRESENT TENSES
-
I
IIJ
1 . Look at the verbs in bold in the paragraph below. Identify the tense of each verb. We usually spend the first day of school arranging our timetables. Our school offers lots of courses, so it isn't easy. At the moment, we're discussing what subjects to study. Tomorrow we're starting our normal classes.
2. Which verb above describes ... ? 1. something that i s happening now
2. a future plan
3. a regular habit or routine 4. a general fact
3. Why is the Present Continuous not used in the sentence below?
I want to go shopping for my school books now.
1. Look at the verbs i n bold i n the paragraph below. Identify the tense of each verb. The students were still doing the test when the bell rang. The teacher gave them more time. She collected the papers after thev had finished.
2. Which verb/s above describe ... ?
1. an action that took place before a nother action
2. a completed action in the past
3. an i ncomplete action i nterrupted by another action
1.
Complete the sentences with the verbs in
brackets. Use the Present Simple or Present
Continuous.
1 . Ms Rivers is busy at the moment. She . ... (teach) 2. Now 1 ... (remember) h i m' We met h i m at E m i ly's. 3 . What time ... you ... (leave) ton ight?
4. .. Mr Hall usually ... (give) lots of homework! 5. We've got paper, so we ... (not need) to buy any.
6. H1, Just1n . What .. ... you ... (do) here7
7.
Ben . (not study) geography this year. 8. Kath ... ... (p1ay) basketball twice a week.2.
Choose the correct answer.
1 . Susan went to school after she was eati ng I h a d eaten breakfast.
2 . What was Thomas wea r i n g I h a d Thomas worn when you saw h i m ?
3 . John looked so silly that we l a u g hed I were l a u g h i n g when he ca me i n . 4. D i d you speak I H a d you spoken to the
neighbours last night!
5. I told him the news because he h a d n't heard I d i d n't hear it.
6. The storm began wh ile we were driving I
d rove home.
7.
By the time I arrived at the pa rty, everyone left Ih a d left.
8. Could you repeat that? I wasn't l isten ing I h a d n 't l istened .
3.
Complete the sentence i n several ways, using
the words given. Use present and past tenses.
Add any necessary words.
B renda bought shoes . . 1 . while I she I tou r I Italy
2. after I she I save I enough money 3 . and I she I wear them I the next day 4. and I now I she I wea r them
5. but I she I never I wear them 6. although I they I be I expensive
� 4.
Com plete the passage with the verbs in
brackets. Use present and past tenses.
Then listen and check your answers.
At the moment, I 1 ... (consider) doing afirst-aid cou rse. I 2 ... (want) to be prepared because of something that happened to my friend,
C h ris. He 3· . ... (look after) his you nger brother when suddenly the child began to choke on a sweet. C hris 4 ... (not panic). He knew exactly what to do because he 5 ... (do) a fi rst-aid
course at h is school last year. C h ris 6·.
(manage) to save his brother's l ife. Whenever people ask him about his experience, he 7 ... (recommend) the cou rse. When I heard what 8· .. . .... (happen) to C h ris, I real ised how i m portant it is to learn fi rst aid.
PAST SIMPLE
1 . Look at the verbs in bold in the paragraph below and identify the tense of each one.
I've loved dancing since I was a child, and I've finally decided to have lessons. I signed up yesterday. 2. Which verb above describes ... ?
1 . a n action that took place at a n u nspecified time 1 n
t h e past a n d is releva nt t o t h e present
2. a n action that began i n the past and continues u ntil now
3. a completed act1on that took place at a specific time i n the past
FUTURE TENSES
1. Read the sentences. Match the sentence i n I to its use i n 11.
I
,_
I'm going to work hard this year. 2. I'm sure we will enjoy this course. 3. Don't worry. Here, I'll help you.4. This exam is going to be difficult because there's so much material.
11
a. a planned future action b. a sponta neous decision
c. a future event based on present evidence d. a prediction
2. Look at the verbs i n bold in the sentences below. Which verb is in the Future Perfect? Which is in the Future Continuous?
This time next year, I'll be studying engineering. By the time I finish my degree, I'll have learnt a lot. 3. Which verb i n Exercise 2 describes ... ?
1 . a n action i n progress at a certai n future time 2. a n action completed at a certai n future time
·
Grammar Appendix, pages 107-108
brackets. Use the Present Perfect Simple or the
Past Simple.
1 . Bil l . H •• (start) work when he was very youn g . 2 . ... .. you .. ... (see) m y wallet/ I can't find it. 3. I'm sorry. M s Witkin .H . (j ust leave). 4. . H . you H • (go out) with Jason last night? 5. I ' m sorry. I .... ... (not mean) to insult you
yesterday.
6. We ... (not do) the washing u p yet.
6.
Write sentences with the words i n brackets.
Use the F uture Simple or be
goingto. Make
any necessary changes.
1 . Is my ca r blocking the road ? (I I move I it). 2. I love Don 's parties ! (he I have one I this year)? 3. Rina n ever wears pink. (I' m sure I she I not like I
this sweater).
4. Your passport is falling out of your pocket. (You I lose it) !
5 . Don 't worry about me. (I I be I fin e) ! 7.
Com plete the sentences with the verbs in
brackets. Use the F uture Perfect or the Future
Continuous.
1 . By M a rch, we ... (finish) five u nits of our book. 2 . At this time tomorrow, she H . (have) dinner
with her fam i ly.
3 . I'd l i ke to post the package tomorrow. H • you ... (prepare) it by then?
4. They . H O (not wait) for us when we arrive at the train station.
5 . We' l l need our garden chai rs on Friday. I hope that our neigh bours ... (ret u rn) them by then. � 8.
Choose the correct answers. Then listen and
check your answers.
NI] ITIORE TE XT8001Lt5 i='
University students 1 always carried I have always carried bags full of heavy books. However, some experts predict that computers 2· w i l l soon make I are soon going to make textbooks a thing of the past. Northwest Missouri State University 3· a l ready bega n I has a l ready beg un to make this prediction a real ity. Last year, they 4 gave I have g iven their students electronic readers containing the textbook material . During the coming year, students 5 wil l be using I w i l l have used these "e-readers" to read, take notes and even do interactive qu izzes.
Some students 6· have criticised I criticised the move, saying they 7 aren't going to stop I won't be stopping using textbooks, which are better for studying large amounts of material. However, the president of Northwest says that within
five years, e-books and e-readers 8 · are going to replace I w i l l have replaced textbooks completely - at Northwest and
in universities around the world.
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8
....
SKILLS
LISTENING
G
1
.
Tom calls Denise after school. Listen to their
conversation. What's the problem? Who
wants to solve it and how?
2.
Read the questions. Then listen again and
choose the correct answers.
1 . Tom says that when they meet, . . . .
a . he'll tell Denise about his trip to Brighton b. he'll explain his behaviour
c. they'll talk about surfing
2. When Tom tried to contact Denise . . . . a . she told him that she couldn't tal k b. s h e sent h i m a text message c. she didn't answer his messages 3. Denise is u pset because . . .
a. Tom has not given her enough attention b. Tom has said something she doesn't l i ke c. Tom has gone out with a nother girl 4. Den ise is sure that in a week or two . . . .
a . she will be able to forgive Tom
b. she will have found another boyfriend c. she will have forgotten Tom
5 . Denise feels that seeing Tom a . is going to change thi ngs b. i s going to be useless
c. is better than talking on the phone 6. At 8 . 00, Denise . . . .
a. will be shopping
b. wi ll be watching TV
c. will be tal king to Tom
SPEAKING
3.
Look a t the following expressions. Which d o
you u s e ... ?
1. when g reeting someone
2. when discussing the sum mer holidays 3. when pa rting
b. And what about you ?
c. D i d you meet anybody interesting? d . How a re you doing'�
e. Good to see you ! f. Have a nice day.
g. Did you have a good time7
h. I ' l l see you a ro u n d .
1. What did you do this s u m mer?
4.
Think of another expression for each
category in Exercise
3.5.
lt's the first day of school, and you haven't
seen your partner a l l summer. Greet each
other and discuss your summer holidays.
Tell your partner any goals you have for
the new school year.
fn
Fame
Pc'>ll I rel'(tlli•UO'l'i P" Pc fttt Cm JLon� (,, dll� nd lt 11 vt'i !' t, ur , to c R.ullo le lk dl 1 1 J• t • P l L re V\rr t n 1 r or dl d \t.;, iJ c;t I <.s,•v c '>kll � \ P, 'it't ; I '-.tak'1Jc 1 t,.4
Listen to the song and read the lyrics. Then answer the q uestions.
1 . What advice does the si nger g ive to anyone who wants to be a sta r?2. What does the singer say are the benefits of being a star? 3. Does the si nger t h i n k there are disadvantages to bei ng famous?
H ow do you know?
SO YOV Wlf:NT TO B� lt ROCI< � N� ROLL ST ltR?
The Byrds
So you waVIt to be a rock 'VI' roll star? The VI listcVI MW to what I say.
Just qct a VI electric quitar
ThcVI take SO/MC titMC
ltm;f fcarVI how to play.
ltVId with your hair swuVIq riqht, ltVId your paVIts too tiqht
lt's qOVIVIa be all riqht.
The VI it's titMc to qo dowVItOWVI
Where the aqcVIt tMaVI woVI't let you dowVI. Se(( your soul to the COtMpaVIy
Who arc waitiVIq there to scff plastic wares . .AVId iVI a week or two
If you �Make the charts The qirls'ff tear you apart.
The price you paid for your riches aVId fatMc, was it all a straV�qc qatMc?
(ou'rc a little iVISaVIc.
-he tMOVIcy, the fatMc, aVId the public accfaitM, 'OVI't forqct who you arc,
ou'rc a rock 'VI' roll star.
•
What do you think are the advantages and
disadvantages of being famous?
�
READING
10
1 .
Pred icting Content:
Look at the title of the
text and the pictures. What do you thin k the
text will be about?
2.
Read the text and check whether your
pred iction i n Exercise
1was correct.
3.Guessing
Meaning from Context:
Find the
following words in the text. Read the enti re
sentence and try to g uess each word's
meaning .
snapping ( l i n e 2) • uproar ( l i n e 9 ) harmless ( l i n e 29)
EXAM FOCUS
HOW TO ANSWER TRUE / FALSE QUESTIONS 1. Make sure you understand the meaning of the
statement.
IH
2. Look for keywords, synonyms and opposites to help you find the relevant parts of the text.
3. Compare the statement with the text and decide if
it is true or false.
4. Justify you r answer by quoting the relevant part of
the text. Example Question
Is the fol lowing statement true or false? Passers-by knew that Vaz and Hill were not really famous.
Answer Analysis
• The keyword passers-by appears in the sentence i n lines 4-5.
• The sentence tells us that the passers-by were impressed -they took photos and asked Vaz and Hill who they were. We can assum e from this that they thought Vaz and Hill were famous.
• The statement is therefore fa lse.
4.
Are the following statements true or false?
Find evidence in the text to support your
answers.
1 . Vaz was su rprised by the papa razzi.
2 . In the begin ning, H i l l reacted negatively to the papa razzi.
3. The personal papa razzi service is very popular. 4. For Ronda Rivl ing, fame and fil m sta rs a re more
i m po rtant than the environ ment or the economy.
5 . Lindsay C hapin believes that personal paparazzi services are harmless fun.
5.
Com plete the sentences according to the
information in the text. Remember to use
your own words.
1 . Vaz and Hill went to a n i g htcl u b after they . 2 . The paparazzi were followi ng the couple
because . . . .
3. At the nightclub, the cou ple didn't have to . 4. Ronda Rivling says that because of reality
shows, . . . .
5 . According to Professor Gamson, you can be someone only if . . . .
6. The paparazzi compan ies say that having a l ittle fun .
6
.
Choose the best answer according to the text.
Fro m paragraph 3, we understand that . . . . a . the service is too expensive for most people b. the service requires a bodyguardc. the del uxe treatment is preferable d. the services provide different packages 7.
F ind words i n the text that mean:
1 . made a loud, sudden sound (paragraph 1 ) 2 . directly (paragraph 2)3. a person h i red to protect someone (paragraph 3) 4. fashion (paragraph 4)
5. perform i ng, imagi ning (paragraph 5) 6. obsession (paragraph 6)
•
Would you hire a personal paparazzi service?
I
As Struan Vaz and Paige Hill emerged from a theatre in Austin, Texas, they were surrounded by photographers
"011:15. � ... ,i)i'l.) �(,1...)....�
�
��
;
e�orters, who began snapping photos and asking them personal questions. Flashes popped as the couple were�
ha�
�
ll the way to a nightclub, where they were met by a crowd of adoring fans who had been waiting for hours�HI"l\l. \.)� \11�10tp C::5 Q.;)t: "�
to_£atch sight of them. Passers-6y, impressed by all the action, took photos with their camera phones, while others
asked the two who they were. "We're nobody," said Yaz.
He was telling the truth. They weren't celebrities at all and the adoring fans were, in fact, Yaz's friends. As a surprise for his fiancee, Yaz had hired a company called Celeb 4 A Day, which provides personal paparazzi to
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follow people around town. Hill was so overwhelmed by all the attention that she tried to run away at first, though she soon began to enjoy it. When they got to the club, the owners, fooled by the uproar,
gave them VIP entry, letting them walk right past the queue and straight in.
With this new kind of service, anyone can feel what it's like to be a star. A typical price list: $300 buys you the basic package of four personal paparazzi who will pursue you for up to 30 minutes. For $2,500, you get the deluxe treatment- two hours with six paparazzi, including limousine service and your very own bodyguard .
. -\re people actually willing to spend that much for some time in the spotlight? .-\bsolutely! Since these services started, their phones have been ringing non-stop.
ome social scientists despair at this new trend, calling it celebrity culture gone wild.
· · nfortunately, fame and film stars have become more important than the environment . r the economy. And reality shows make everyone think that they can be an instant star," 'ays Ronda Rivling, pop culture analyst. According to Professor Josh Gamson, who studies ,ociety and mass media, "We live in a culture where . . . if you don't have people asking who . ou are, you're nobody."
The paparazzi companies, on the other hand, wonder what's wrong with ..1 little fun. "People are really excited when they call," says Lindsay Chapin of Private Paparazzi in San Diego, California. "It's this whole ;·antasy they're playing out in their mind, and they want to experience H for one night."
I
this new phenomenon a worrying reflection of society's infatuation· ith fame, or just a harmless escape from the worries and pressures f life? It all depends on your point of view. W hatever your opinion,
.;· you see a crew of cameramen following a celebrity down the ·reet, don't be surprised if you have no idea who the big star is.
False friends
excited (line 24) means entusiasmada ot excitada
/
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VOCABULARY
Words from the Text
1.Choose the answer that best explains the
meaning of the fi rst sentence. Pay attention
to the words in colour.
1 . Shopping on-line is a growing trend. a. A lot of people do it.
b. it's a great idea.
2. Elaine is always wi l l i ng to help. a . She a lways needs help. b. She is a helpfu l perso n .
3. The singer was a n i nsta nt sta r. a . He worked h a rd to reach the top . b. He beca me a celebrity very q u ickly. 4. We d rove stra ight to the theatre after work.
a . We did n 't stop on the way.
b. The road to the theatre had no turns. 2.
The following sentences do not make sense.
Make them logical by replacing each word in
colour with a word in colour from a d ifferent
sentence.
1 . He bought h i s passer-by a dia mond ring. 2. There was a large crew demonstrating outside
Pa rliament.
3. The rabbit slowly p u rsued from its hole. 4 . We asked a crowd for directions.
5 . The pol icemen emerged the thief until he was finally caught.
6. A f i a n cee of construction workers was h i red to restore the old buil d i n g .
�
3.Com plete the passage with the words and
phrases below. Then listen and check yo ur
answers.
fool • overwhel med • surrou nded • i nfatuation pressure • bodyg u a rds • in the spot l ig h t f\-T- ::= < � ... :: --::
V - o..../ ._. -...,..
VERB COLLOCATIONS
---.-see Grammar Appendix, page Ill
4.
Which of the words can be used to form
collocations with the verbs in colour?
1 .catch-sig ht of, a chance, a bus, a cold, someone's eye, a friend, fire, one's breath
2. ta ke
-a photo, for gr-anted, one's time, -a wedding , pride i n , charge, happi ness, someone b y surprise
3. g o
-wild, talking, mad, abroad, m issi ng, strong, blind, bald, fat
5.
Complete the sentences with collocations
from Exercise
4.Make any necessary changes.
1. My parents nea rly ... with worry when I wasin hospita l .
2 . T h e building . H because a resident h a d been
smoking in bed .
3. There's no hu rry. Please ..
4. The pol ice found the child who ... the day before .
5 . Patricia loves to paint and she .. her work.
6 . If you h u rry, you ' l l ... ... the 5 o'clock
Michael Jackson 1958-2009 .__ ____ ::-_::_ .... 2 : ... :; ... a-_._.---
-A victim of fame?
11
:;e
Topic Vocabulary
FAME
1.
Match the beginning of each sentence in
I with its ending i n
11.Pay attention to the
words in colour.
1 . The daughter of very rich parents
2 . Brad Pitt's donations to charity
3. The gala pa rty was
4. Why do so many people today
5. Amy Wi nehouse is a great singer,
6 . Celebrities who take drugs
7.
There's Tom C ruise' Let's8. The teenage girls waited outside
11
a . get a lot of positive p u b l icity. b. ask h i m for his a utog raph!c. the most l avish event i n the city that nig ht. d. are very bad role models.
e. but her behaviour is o utrageous. f. to catch sight of their i d o l . g . is a n h e i ress.
h . wors h i p celebrities?
2.
Choose two possible answers to complete each
sentence. Pay attention to the words in colour.
If you are wea lthy, you have probably got a lot of money I property I relatives.
� People often goss i p about celebrities I themselves I t h e i r n e i g h bo u rs .
� A ta lent scout spotted her and got her a job as a model I s i nger I d octor.
Some celebrities a re n otorious for h e l p i n g the poor I atta c k i ng pa pa razzi I bei n g a rroga nt.
J If you have d rive, you a re a m b itious I lazy I determi n ed .
_ A spoi lt person is probably generous I selfish I
i nconsiderate.
-A sta r athlete m ight be a controvers i a l f i g u re beca use of his h i g h s a l a ry I rude rema rks I great a c h i evements.
"' Ta bloids usually report sensati o n a l news I
fin a n c i a l issues I sca n d a l s .
SUFFIXES
__ _.._see Grammar Appendix, page 111 3. In
your notebooks, write the words below in
two groups: nouns and adjectives. Use the
suffixes to help you.
confidence • political • d e l i g htfu l • a mazement promotion • publ icity • fashionable • m u sician outrageous • singer • expensive • a p peara nce
4.
Complete the sentences by adding suffixes to
the words in brackets.
1. Many famous ... (perform) live i n n • • (luxury) homes.
2. The .. . .. (offend) behaviour of the paparazzi is often more n • (disg race) than the stories they cover.
3. Critics ag reed that E llen Page's ... (perform) i n
Juno was ... (marvel).
4 . Most tabloids focus on celebrities from the world of .. .. (entertai n), but they also gossip about ... (politics).
5. Madonna 's ... (impress) career and incredible
n • (popu lar) has made her a n icon i n the pop world.
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5.Com plete the passage with the words below.
Then listen and check your answers.
hei ress • wea lthy • outrageous • spoi lt
goss i p • drive • notorious • tabloid
Paris Hi/ton- Famous for Being Famous?
People love to . n a bout Pa ris H i lto n,the pa rty-h o p p i ng 2 ... to the H i l ton
Hotel fortu ne. Paris i s l ... for her m a ny boyfrie n d s, her-n • • c l othes
and her scandalous behaviour. She consta n tly creates sensational s ..
head l i nes. Critics c l a i m that s h e's fa m o u s s i m ply for b e i n g fab u l o usly 6 ..
a n d posing for p h otogra p hers at celebrity parties. They say she's a 7 n • rich g i rl with no rea l ta lents . However, with severa l fi l m roles, her own s uccessful TV s h ow, a solo CD and a
best-sel l i n g book, s h e h a s proved that she h a s got plenty of a. ... lt looks l i ke Paris H i lton is here to stay!
•
Com plete the sentences. Make them true for you.
1 . I am usually willing to . . . .2 . Something I take for granted is . . . .
3. If I were wealthy, I . . . .
4. I would never ask a passer-by . . . . 5 . When I was young, my idol was . . . . 6 . I think it's disgraceful that . . . .
1 4
GRAMMAR
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS
Read the examples and answer the questions.
a. Since these services opened, their phones have been ringing non-stop. (Present Perfect Contmuous)
b. They were met by fans who had been waiting for
hours. (Past Perfect Continuous)
1. Which sentence talks about ... ?
1. an action which continued up to another past action
2 . an action that started in the past and contin ues in the present
2. Complete the rules.
1 . We use have
I
has + ... + verb + ... to form the Present Perfect Conti n uous.2. We use ... .... + been + .... + ing to form the Past
Perfect Conti n uous. NOTE:
• We do not usually use stative verbs such as know and want i n the Perfect Continuous.
He has wanted to be a film star since he was a child. • If the n u mber of ti mes something has happened
can be cou nted, we don't use the Perfect Continuous.
He has been trying to call Celeb 4 A Day all day. He has tried to call Celeb 4 A Day five times today.
GERUNDS AND INFINITIVES
1 . Read the examples and answer the questions.
a. Would you recommend hiring paparazzi?
b. Vaz felt like surprising his fiancee.
c. Getting so much attention can be frightening.
d. I've always dreamed of being a celebrity. e. At first, Hill tried to run away.
f Are people prepared to spend that much? 1 . In which sentence above does the gerund ... ?
fol low a verb • fol low a preposition
fol low a n expression • a ppea r as the subject
2. I n which sentence above does the i nfi n itive ... ?
fol low a verb • fol low a n adjective
2. Look at the examples below. In wh ich pair of sentences is there a change in meaning?
l
a. The paparazzi began snapping photos.The paparazzi began to snap photos. b. She stopped to sign her autograph for fans .
1 .
Complete the sentences with the verbs in
brackets. Use the Present Perfect Continuous
or Past Perfect Continuous.
1 . We ... (follow) h i m all day, but we haven 't got
a good photo yet.
2 . Don't worry, 1 ... (not wait) long .
3. Everyone was miserable beca use it .. .. (ra i n) for days.
4. Helen 's eyes a re red . ... she ... (cry)7
5. The waiter did n 't come, a lthough we .. .. (ca ll) him for half a n hour.
6. There you a re I I ... (look) for you !
7.
H e plays the piano very wel l . H ow long .. .. he ... (have) lessons/8 . They decided to vote since they ... (discuss) the
issue all morn i n g .
2.
Complete the sentences with the verbs below.
Use a perfect tense (simple or continuous).
cry • not h ave • lose • not see • do • practise 1 . Where's Diana? I . .. her all day.2 . The baby fell asleep after he ... for an hour.
3. Rona ld felt ready for the concert as he ... for weeks.
4. None of the work is finished I What ... you
... all day'�
5. N icole was upset beca use she ... her contact lens.
6 . I'm tired. I ... enough sleep.
�
3.Com plete the passage with the verbs in
brackets. Use the Past Simple or a perfect
tense (simple or continuous). Then listen and
check your answers.
•
THE RIGHT TO
PRIVACY •People assume that if you are a celebrity, every de of your life belongs to the public. In the past 20 yea this trend �..
celebrities L ..
(become) more extreme. Lately, howe' (fight) for the right to some level
privacy. One of the most impotiant cases 1... (ace: in 2004, when a judge 4... (order) The Mirror, a Brit tabloid, to pay supermodel Naomi Campbell £3,5'
Campbell " (take) the tabloid to court for publishi a photograph of her leaving a Narcotics Anonyme meeting. According to the paper, Campbell 6... (u cocaine for years. Before this. Campbell 7... always ... (claim) that she never touched drugs, but apparently s
H. (hide) the truth all that time. The judge decid that the newspaper had a right to print the facts, but tl· publishing the photograph was a violation of Campbel privacy.
deta year •wev �vel (occu Britis :3,50 lishir ymoc. (us IS H ly si ecid lt the pbell
,, 4.
Complete the passage with the verbs in
brackets. Use gerunds or infinitives. Then
listen and check your answers.
ARE CELEBRITIES' SALARIES TOO HIGH?
Can you i magine 1 . (ma ke) €250,000 for one
week's work? That's the salary Cristiano Ronaldo
can expect 2 ...
..
.... (get) every week that he plays football for Real Madrid. And , no doubt, Joh n ny Dep p was very pleased 3. (earn) $60 m i l l ion for h i s latest Pirates of the Caribbean fil m . Some people feel it's time to stop 4:.. (pay) top athletes a n d fil m stars so m u ch. Others thi n k that they d eserve h i g h salaries for 5 .... . . (entertai n )fan s a n d audiences. They a lso point out that
many celebrities decide 6 ..
.
....
(use) their fameand m oney to help others. I n a ny case, it's no use 7 .... H • • • • • (complain) a bout the h i g h salaries of
famous people. 8· . .
.
.. ... ... (be) rich isn't something that celebrities are l i kely 9... . .. (give u p)!HOO"''"''' 8 0 , ,_.,_.,, , 0
Oprah George Madonna Celine Beyonce Dr Phil
Lucas Dion
'early income in millions of dollars
WEB EXTRA Read more about actors' lives at: 11'11'11'. bu rl i ngtoubooks. es/1 •iell•poi 11 r.Q
5.
Rewrite the following sentences with the
words in brackets. Use gerunds and infinitives.
1 . C harles played tennis as a boy, but now hedoesn't play any more. (stopped)
2. We cou l d n 't move the bookcase beca use it was too heavy. (tried)
3. I shouldn't have asked Thomas to come with me. (regret)
4. Susan doesn't think that she borrowed you r book. (remember)
:J. We took a break and had lunch. (stopped) 6. I thought I mig ht l i ke swi m ming, but I fou nd it
bori ng. (tried)
7.
We are sorry, but we m u st i nform you that you have not been accepted . (regret) I ' m glad you thought of leaving me a note. (remembered)6.
Com plete the sentences. Use the Present
Perfect Continuous, Past Perfect Conti nuous,
an infinitive or a gerund.
1. I ca n't stand .
2 . My feet ached beca use
3. I don't remember . 4. This weekend, I plan
5 . Recently, I ...
6 . I speak English wel l . I . . . .
REWRITES: CHANGE OF TENSE
In rewrites that involve a change of tense, additional changes are sometimes necessary, such as changing the time expressions.
S.._begt.r ___ '1"' .u.rsnine years ago •rl She has been actmg in tilms for nine years
Rewrite the fol lowing sentences starting with the words given. Do not change the original meaning of the sentences.
1. I got my driving licence when I was 17. I've . . . .
2. We studied all afternoon . Then we decided to take a break.
After . . . .
3. I haven't heard from Charles in two weeks.
The last time . . . .
4. This is his first acting role.
He's never .. . .
5. When did you start to work in this company? How long . . . .
6. He started playing for Chelsea when he left Hull City.
He has ....
Grammar Review
D
7.
Rewrite the fol lowing sentences using the
words in brackets. Do not change the orig inal
meaning.
1 . I met Rachel two yea rs ago. (for)
2 . He sang for five m i n utes. Then the judges told h i m to stop . (had)
3 . I ca n't wa it to meet you . (looking forward to) 4. The boy wi l l be taller by the end of the summer.
(grown)
5. Sue broke her a rm d u ring the h i ke. (wh i le) Extra gra m m a r exe rc i s e s at:
(
�
l
1 6SKILLS
LISTENING �
A RADIO TALK
1.
Look at the pictures and answer the questions.
1. What are the people doing ? 2 . Where do you thin k they are?
3. What do you thin k they have in common?
2.
Listen t o t h e first part o f a radio talk a n d choose
the correct answers.
1 . G reg says that . . . .
a . you can become fa mous faster today than i n the past
b. today, you have to work hard to become fa mous c. reality TV and the I nternet have become very popular
d . being a celebrity today depends on talent 2. On Magibo n 's clip, she .
a . tells viewers about herself
b. spea ks fluent Japanese c. does al most noth ing
d . demonstrates g reat ta lent 3. Magibon .
a . is Japanese
b. is fa mous in America c. has n ever been to Japan d . is loved by the Japa nese
3.
Listen to the second part of the talk and decide if the
following statements are true or false.
1 . Matt's clip shows h i m dancing in va rious places. 2. Matt's pu rpose was to become famous.
3. A chewi ng-g u m company paid for his second trip . 4. Matt is making money from his fame.
5 . Matt is a professional dancer.
4.
Listen to the third part of the talk and fi l l in the m issing
information.
1 . Wit h i n 24 hours of her appeara nce, Susan Boyle 2 . Her clip was seen by ... people.
3. The speaker compares Boyle's voice to the voice 4. Boyle proves that you don't need ... in order to
become fa mous.
5 . According to the speaker, you still need no n to become famous.
•
Do you think it's too easy to become famous nowadays?
Why or w hy not?
Susan Boyle
SPEAKING
TALKING ABOUT A PICTURE
1.
Read the description of the picture below.
Which part of the descri ption ... ?
1 . describes what is probably happen ing i n the picture
2 . discusses how the people feel and what might happen next
3. g ives a physical descri ption of the people, objects and background
::: Th is p i ct u re shows people camping out.
They've got tents and sleeping bags. They look q u ite happy. They seem to be i n a city street as you can see the pavement in the foregrou nd.
� lt cou ld be that they're waiting to buy tickets for a concert or a sporting event. I i ma g i n e that they plan to spend the night there.
- I'd say t h at they're probably a bit uncomfortable, but it looks l i ke they ' re having a good time a nyway. They' l l probably wa ke up very early to buy the tickets.
2
Which sentences below express speculation by
the speaker?
_ You can tel l t h at they're quite young.
- Perhaps they're big footba ll fans.
suppose they're outside the place where
1c ets are sold.
� This is a p i ct u re of people lying on a pavement.
3
Look
at the expressions in colour in Exercise 2.
Which of them cou ld replace one or more
expressions in colour in Exercise 1 ?
4
.
Work with a partner. Partner
A:Choose
a picture below and describe it. Use the
expressions in colour from Exercises
1and 2.
Partner B: Describe the other picture.
TALKING ABOUT A PICTURE
Descri be w h a t you see - people, objects and backgro u nd.
Specu l ate about what is h a p pening or what has just h a p pened.
Specu l ate a b o u t how the people feel and w h a t w i l l h a p pen next.
Remem ber, t h e re a re no right or w rong answers. Just interpret t h e p i ct u re in you r own way.
c
�
WRITING
18
A FoT and Against £ssa-y
EXAM FOCUS
In a for and against essay, we p resent two opposing views of an issue and conclude by supporting one of the views.
When you write a for a n d against essay: 1. Present the issue.
Read the title and the first paragraph of the essay below. What issue does the essay deal with?
2. Present arguments supporting each view.
Read the rest of the essay below. What arguments does the writer use to support each view? Where does he
I
she write them?3. Give your opinion supporting one of the views. Which view does the writer of the essay below support? Where does he
I
she say this?Celebrities as Role Models
..:�
Many young people worship and imitate celebrities. However, we should askourselves whether these are the people we want as role models.
On the one hand, it is natural to look up to talented people, such as f1lm and sports stars, who have achieved great success. Celebrities are fabulously wealthy and constantly surrounded by adoring admirers. They are also very good-looking. What more could anyone want?
On the other hand, celebrities are a symbol of the superficial values of the entertainment world, where physical appearance and money are the most
important things in life. Moreover, celebrities are notorious for their short, stormy relationships, their outrageous behaviour and their abuse of drugs and alcohol. This makes them very negative role models.
In conclusion, despite the talent, success and wealth of celebrities, I believe that they generally make poor role models. This is because of the values they represent and the way they conduct their personal lives.
CONNECTORS OF ADDITION, CONTRAST AND EXAMPLE
CON NECTORS OF ADDITION AND CONTRAST
Connectors of addition are used to connect similar ideas. Connectors of contrast a re used to connect opposing ideas.
In the basic package. you ge rou papa. a . T also >vtde. you .v•th a bodyguard. Celeb 4 A Do� is very popular in spite of r,, for
CON N ECTORS OF EXAMPLE
ts yutte expenstve. Connectors O• examo1e 1f �· pie, for mstar,ce, sucf, a�l .1•e u'-�d to r trorlJce examples that !IIJ)trate CJ rnam 1dea
There are many celebnties who help others For instance Oora;, vVmtrey ou;tt '1 �chool tn South Afnca.
1 .
In the model, find:
1 . two con nectors of addition
2 . th ree connectors of contrast 3. one connector of example 2.
Choose the correct connector.
1. Celebrities are often seen as selfish. For exa m ple, I H owever, I I n a d d ition, many of them contribute a great deal to charity.
2 . Although I Despite I I n contrast TV is enjoya ble, you shouldn't watch it all day.
3. Before my trip, my mother bought me a g u i debook
as wel l as I a lso I although a new suitcase.
4. Many people ca n 't manage without their mobile phones. O n the other h a n d , I As wel l a s I F u rthermore, they're addicted to thei r computers.
). Celebrity ma rriages don't usually last Moreover, I Nevertheless, I For i nsta nce, Jenn ifer Aniston and B rad Pitt broke u p after five years.
o. People at h i g h-tech firms work long hours.
In contrast, I Despite th is, I Even though govern ment workers are often home by 5 . 00 .
-Celebrities such as I a lso I
i
n spite of Bruce Willis and H u g h G rant have been known to hit paparazzi. 3 . Some people are really obsessed with footba ll players.For exa m p l e, I Moreover, I Desp ite th is, my friend's
room is fu l l of And res lniesta posters.
3.
Rewrite the sentences in two ways. Use the words
in brackets.
C h ristina Agu i lera has sold more than 42 m i l lion a l bu ms. In addition, she has won several G rammy awa rds. (a lso) 2. While Amy Wi nehouse is a marvellous singer, she has a
very trou bled personal l ife. (yet)
3. Despite our heavy backpacks, we managed to wal k very quickly. (although)
All planets move in an orbit. I n contrast, the sun and other sta rs are i m mobile. (wh i le)
) . India is known for its fascinating cultures. lt is also fa mous for its varied la ndscape . (as well as)
Improye Your Style
Avoiding Run-on SentencesRun-on sentences are two or more sentences that are mcorrectly written as one sentence. They should be divided by a full stop a nd a capital letter or by a connector.
cJ,,a K,cked the ball hard, si-Je d'dn'' se._. _ _ __ Jf X G,r,r, K,ckca tne brJI! nard, t,•Jt 5h0 cNJro t \f'Ore a qoa/ ./
C'hr,r/es ran t,ome from �choo! ryrod chccke1 the r-ost nryrJ he found the letter and opened it nervC''�''r X
('l;r,m'� ran home trorn �,·noo/ rynd ct.ccke1 th" po ,t
'.;r,cn 1-,f found tne letter he opene J 1t nerVt'lAS,'r ./
Your Task
•
Write a for and against essay on the
topic
Being Famous - Advantages and Disadvantages.Write
1 00-1 50words.
WRITING A FOR AND AGAINST
ESSAY
1 .
M ake sure you understand the issue.
2.
Brainstorm the two sides of the issue.
Write a l ist of pros and cons or
advantages and disadvantages.
•
Look at the ideas below. Which are
advantages? Which are disadvantages?
- lack of privacy, papa razzi fol lowi ng
you a round - fans who love you - wea lth
- a glamorous l ifestyle
- tabloid gossip about you r private l ife - assistants and bodyguards
- competition and jealousy •
Add your own ideas to the list.
3.
Decide which view you support. Then
decide which of the ideas above to include
in your essay.
4.
Organise your ideas using the Exam Focus
and the model on page
18to help you.
C H ECKLIST
.I I
followed the. steps for lit for litl1.d qJiitiVI.ft
esslity.
.I I V�Sed
lit Vlitriety of COii!JitUtOrs of �itdditiovt-,
covt-tmst litl1.d VCiitwtple.
.I I
checked my 3rlitwtwtlilr, spellivt.3 litl1.d
p uvt£tl{Q(tio vt-.
.I I
litVOided ruvt;-Ovt- sevt-tevt£es.
-�- Writing Guide, page 1 40
Correct the run-on sentences below. Use a full
stop and a capital letter or a connector.
1 . No one is going out ton ig ht, we have a nexa m tomorrow
2 . A stra nge man came into our garden last night and he fel l over a chair and we heard h i m . 3. We h a d heard it was cold there, w e brought
coats.
4. I wasn't ang ry, I was a l ittle h u rt
5 . The sky was clear and it was a beautiful day and Nora decided to explore the area .
....
,
.
\
SKILLS
A PERSONAL STATEM ENT
You are going to practise writing a personal statement.
Read the web page and the tips and answer the Task Questions below.
Your statement should show:
A. Why the course interests you.
Be enthusiastic about the subject. Show how much you love it and why.
B. Your background i n the subject.
Don't just list what you have done. State how the experience contributed to your knowledge of the subject.
C. Your hobbies, work and i nterests.
Show how your hobbies and work experience have helped you develop the skills that you need for the course.
D. Your future plans and ambitions.
Be specific about how studying will help you achieve your goals.
Emphasise your strong points and achievements. Provide evidence if you have it.
Are you hoping to apply for higher education in the UK?
When you apply, you'll need to i nclude a personal statement.
A personal statement is an essay about yourself, focusing on your interests and abilities. The goal of a personal statement is to state why you are a suitable candidate for the course you wan t to study.•
TASK QUESTIONS
Look at the fol lowing excerpts from a personal statement written by a n a ppl ica nt to the Department of Perform i ng Arts and answer the q uestions.
Do you feel that the a ppl icant is enthusiastic? Does he help the reader u ndersta nd why he loves acting?
I have always wanted to act. On the stage, I feel ! have magical powers! By transforming myself, I transport my audience to another place and time.
2.
Wh ich sentence below shows how the writer's pa rtici pation in plays has contri buted to his understanding of the theatre?I've performed in a wide range of theatre productions. My roles have included Vladimir in Wa iti n g for Godot and Rosencrantz in Hamlet.
This experience has taught me how to see the world through someone else's eyes.
3. Which is better, a or b? Why?
a. I am a keen sports player and a member of my school athletics team. When I was 1 6, I won a city-wide competition in the long jump. b. I am a keen sports player and a member of my school athletics team.
I believe that the teamwork and dedication required in sport are also essential in putting on a theatrical performance.
4.
Wh ich of the fol lowi ng is best to include? Why?a. I am sure that the challenging learning experience and stimulating environment of a drama course will give me the tools I need to become a professional actor.
b. My ambition is to be a professional actor. I would like to act both on the stage and in film, and one day I hope to see my name up in lights.
•
USE YOUR SKILLS
I m a g i n e that you would l i ke to a p p l y for u n iversity i n the U K . Th i n k o f a cou rse you would l i ke a n d write you r own perso n a l statement .
1 t , ron 1 ..11
Going Green
r '1 1 p ( ( ,J
1 .
Look at the cartoons. M atch each cartoon to a caption below. Explain the i dea
behind each cartoon.
a. What the future holds.
b. " I 've been coming to this spot for 25 years, and the fishing keeps getting worse. " c. " Anywhere with ice . . . a lot of ice. "
2.
Which of the following problems does each cartoon illustrate?
water poll ution • deforestation • global wa r m i ng • a i r pol l ution
•
What do you do in your everyday life to help the environment?
Which of your actions contribute to harming the environment?
c
�
READING
2 2
1 .
Reading for General Understanding:
Read the
text quickly, ignoring d ifficult words. Then try
to answer the questions below.
1 . What problem does the writer describe?
2. What solution does he suggest?
2.
G uessing Mea n i ng from Context:
Find the following words in the text.
As you read the text again, try to g uess each
word's meaning.
endless (line 4) • tang led up (line 2 5) wiped out (line 34)
EXAM FOCUS
HOW TO ANSWER M U LTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
1. Read the question and all the answer options. Make sure you understand each option.
2. Find the relevant parts of the text by looking for keywords or their synonyms.
3. Compare each option with the text and decide if it is correct or not. Don't decide on a n answer before considering all of the options.
Example Question
Choose the best a nswer according to the text. While crossing the Pacific Ocean, Captain Moore ... . a. saw a rainbow c. participated in a race b. enjoyed the view d. saw something which
shocked him Answer Analysis
• Option a: I ncorrect. Moore saw rainbow-coloured plastic fragments.
• Option b: Incorrect. The text doesn't say that Moore enjoyed the view.
• Option c: I ncorrect. Moore had already competed
in a race and was on his way home.
• Option d: Correct. Moore saw an endless amount of floating rubbish, in what should have been a clear blue sea (line 3). What he saw was u nexpected, and therefore, shocking.
3.
Choose the best answer according to the text.
1 . The a rea descri bed i n paragraph 2 isa. popular a mong fishermen b. dangerous to sa i lors
c. very big
d . near t h e African coast
2 . The debris i n the G reat Pacific Ga rbage Patch . . . . a. is carried there by ocean currents
b. comes mainly from the USA
c. includes every piece of plastic waste from Asia d. eventually moves to other pa rts of the world 3 . The pu rpose o f Moore's latest trip was t o . . . .
a . document t h e va rious types of debris b. d iscover the main locations of the debris
c. find out what creatu res i n habit the area
d . show how wildl ife i s affected by t h e debris
4. The main pu rpose of the text is to . . . .
a. describe Capta i n Moore's research
b . make us awa re o f an environ mental d isaster c. wa rn us that many fish contai n toxins d . persuade u s to join a n environmenta l
orga nisation
4.
Answer the q uestions in your own words.
1 . What did Moore decide to do after discoveringthe plastic7
2 . Plastic is not biodegradable. What effect does this have on the G reat Pacific Ga rbage Patch? 3. I n what way does the G reat Pacific Garbage
Patch affect h u ma n health?
4. What a re two reasons that the particles cannot be vac u u med up?
5 . How do you know it will take a long time to solve the problem?
5.
Which of the following would be a good
a lternative title for the article? Explain your
choice.
a. Wa rning - Poisonous Fish b. A Disaster in the Ocean c. The Research of C ha rles Moore
6.
Find words or phrases i n the text that mean
the opposite of:
1 . has got (paragraph 2)
2 . shrinking, getting smaller (paragraph 4) 3 . huge (paragraph 6)
4. u nwanted (paragraph
7)
5 . increase (paragraph 8)•
In what ways could people cut down on their
use of plastic? Do you think that there should
be laws forcing people to do this?
a I
I
In l997, Captain Charles Moore took a short cut while crossing the Pacific Ocean on his way home from a yacht race. During his voyage, he discovered something that would change his life. Day after day, as he looked out at what should have been a clear blue sea, Moore found himself floating in an endless ocean of rainbow-coloured plastic fragments. Since his discovery, he has devoted himself to 5 researching this environmental nightmare.
There is a large part of the Pacific Ocean, about halfway between California and Japan, that no one ever visits and only a few ever pass through. Sailors avoid it because it lacks the wind they need
to sail. Fishermen know they should stay away because its lack of nutrients makes it an oceanic desert. Surprisingly, this is the largest ocean realm on our planet. It's about ·o the size of Africa - over 1 0 million square miles.
Circular ocean cutTents here spiral into a centre, bringing with them debris from all over the world. This includes every piece of plastic left on the beaches of the Pacific Ocean, and all the trash that washes down rivers of Asia and North America to the sea. This is where the debris stays. This 5 is the place now refetTed to by oceanographers as the Great Pacific
Garbage Patch.
The problem is that it's not a patch - it's the size of a continent, and it's still growing. This is because plastic doesn't biodegrade. Instead, it photodegrades: it is broken down by sunlight into smaller and smaller
20 pieces, but it never disappears. On some beaches of Hawaii, there are now more multi-coloured plastic particles than there are particles of
sand.
On my latest voyage, we spent weeks documenting the effects of this floating plastic on the creatures that inhabit this area. Our photographers :5 captured rare, endangered monk seals hopelessly tangled up in bits of plastic
nets, and delicate, transparent jellyfish with colourful plastic fragments in their bellies that they aren' t able to digest. The stomach contents of dead albatrosses looked like a convenience store, full of toothbrushes, cigarette lighters and combs.
There is an even darker side to plastic fragment pollution. As these fragments float around in
30 the ocean, they accumulate huge amounts of DDT and other man-made poisons. These are ingested by tiny organisms, which are then eaten by fish - fish which eventually make their way to our dinner tables.
I am often asked why we can't vacuum up the particles. This might have been possible when the area
was smaller, but today it would be more difficult than vacuuming every square inch of the entire United States. In any case, great numbers of organisms would be wiped out in the process. Only elimjnation of35 the source of the problem will result in an ocean nearly free from plastic, and the desired result will only be seen in the distant future.
The battle to change the way we produce plastics, and cut down the amount we consume, has just begun. I believe that we must fight this battle now, and we had better win if we are to survive.
�
VOCABULARY
Words from the Text
1.
Replace the words in bold with the words and
expressions below.
belly • short cut • debris • trash
wi ped out • voyage • devote • cut down
1 . The sq u i d had a large nu mber of fish i n its
stomach.
2 . G reen peace activists ded icate themselves to protecting the environ ment.
3. We should try to red uce the amount of energy we use.
4. M uch of the average family's rubbish can be recycled .
5 . E m i ly kept a journal of her long sea tri p. 6 . All the sea ls i n the a rea could be k i l led.
7 .
The q u icker route to school is m uddy in the winter.8 . B ro ken p i eces from the crashed plane covered the field.
�
2.
Complete the passage with the words below.
Then listen and check your answers.
i ngest • nightmare • made their way • lack
i n h a bit • halfway • a mo u nt • avoid
INVASION OF
THE
JUMBO SQUIDIt's every fisherman's 1· ... : giant Humboldt squid are invading. Wherever they go, these fierce, two-metre-long predators 2· . ... huge numbers of fish, while the fish that aren't eaten try to 3 ... the squid by abandoning the
area. Previously limited to the warm waters near Mexico, the squid were found 4·. H up the California coast in 2002, and today they
have 5 ... . as far north as Alaska. According to researchers, the reason is global warming. As the water gets warmer, the 6· . H • of oxygen it holds decreases. Oxygen-poor areas, normally found only near the equator, have expanded northward. Unlike most fish, the squid actually like the 7·. of oxygen, so they can move north as well. This is just one example of the damage climate change is doing to the ocean and
the marine animals that 8· . . H . it.
PHRASAL VERBS WITH MULTIPLE
MEANINGS
----see Grammar Appen d i x , page 1 1 3
3.
Read the sentences and match each phrasal
verb to the correct definition.
1 . 1 . Plastic is broken d own by sunlight. 2. Thei r car may have broken d own on the
way to the wedding.
3 . She broke down when she heard the news. a . stop working
b . begi n to cry
c. d ivide into small parts
2 . 1 . You should n 't have b ro u g ht that u p now
-it's a sensitive issue.
2 . My father was brought up on a fa rm. a . start to tal k about something
b . look after a child u ntil he I she is a n adult 3. 1 . We'll pick you u p i n half a n hour.
2 . B usi ness is defin itely picking u p this month .
3. Where did you pick u p your French 7 a . learn a new language or skill b . collect someone who is waiting c. i mprove after a bad period
4.
Com plete the sentences using the correct form
of a suitable phrasal verb from Exercise
3.1 . Could you please ... me ... after school?
2. He ... and cried when she refused to marry h i m .
3 . What poi nts a re you pla n n i n g t o . . H at the meeti ng?
4. I was H . to believe that ed ucation is i m portant.
5. We' l l have to cal l a technicia n . The washing machine has ... aga i n .
6 . S h e . H swim m i n g q u ite easily d u ring their summer at the lake last year.
1 1 3
n
Topic Vocabulary
THE ENVIRONMENT
1 .
Complete the sentences with the words
or expressions below.
fuel • h a r mfu l • used u p • crops
e nv i ro n m e nta l ly frien d ly • pol l ution
destroyed • b a n ned
G rains and vegeta bles g rown on farms a re . . . .
2 . Poisonous substances i n the a i r, land and water cause . . . .
3. When something is prohi bited, it is .
- . A substance burned to provide heat or power is a .
) . If something ca uses damage, it is . . . . 5 . Someth ing that doesn't damage the
environ ment is
-We are running out of o i l ; soon it wi ll be . . .
Many ra inforests have been cut down and . . . .
2.
Choose the correct answer.
What is an example of renewab l e energy/a . solar energy b. oil
2 . What does the g reenhouse effect do? a. lt creates ideal conditions for plants
to grow.
b. lt traps heat from the s u n . 3 . What i s you r carbon footprint!
a . the negative i m pact you make on the environment
b. the mark you make with you r foot
Where does log g i n g take place? a. in the ocean
b. in the forest
5 What do motor veh i cles e m it?
a. fresh a i r
b. green house gases
� What is a l a n d fi l l? a . a place to put rubbish
b. an a rea where a lake has dried up
-What do trees do with ca rbon d ioxide?
a. They a bsorb it, slowing global wa rming .
b. They convert it to carbon monoxide,
causing poll ution. What is the source of l itter? a. car engines
b. people
IDIOMS
3.
Com plete the sentences with the idioms below.
a b reath of fresh a i r • a d rop i n the ocea n m a ke waves • the ti p of the ice berg the sky's the l i m it • d own to earthm a k i ng a mounta i n out of a moleh i l l
vanish i nto t h i n a i r
1 . You can buy whatever you want. H • ! 2 . He's very practical and ..
3 . We don't want a ny trouble, so don't 4. it's not that serious. You ' re ..
5 . These problems a re only ... . There's a lot we don't even know a bout.
6 . After those boring speeches, Jane's fascinating presentation was l i ke
7 .
I ca n 't find my keys a nywhere . How could they just .. . .. ?8 . O u r efforts to stop g lobal wa rming a re j ust Much more needs to be done.
'4
4
.
Com plete the letter with the words and phrases
below. Then listen and check your answers.
fuel • g reen house effect • b a nned carbon d ioxide • e m it • h a rmful carbon footprint • pol l ution
Stop 4x4s
Dear Editor,
People who drive 4x4 vehicles should know that they
burn much more 1 . . H O per kilometre than small cars, increasing the amount of gases such as 2 ... .... .. in the atmosphere. This causes the 3· ... .... , which traps heat from the sun, leading to global warming. Another 4· . . ... effect: 4x4s s ... twice as much toxic carbon
monoxide as smaller cars, causing dangerous smog and
6· . H • • In short, every 4x4 owner has got a giant -sized 7
4x4s are meant for farmers and foresters, not for driving to the office. In my opinion, they should be 8· H O from our cities!
A concerned citizen
WEB EXTRA Read more abou t the 4x4 debate at: ll'll'll'.burlill{IIOilbooks.cs,'l'ieu•polllts2
•
Complete the sentences. Make them true for you.
1 . I'd l i ke to cut down on .2 . I'd l i ke to protest agai nst . . . . 3 . One of my worst nightmares is . . 4. I usually try to avoid . . . .
5 . I was brought up to . . . .
6 . I devote m uch of my time to
