LESSON 1
LESSON 1
1.
1. Verb'Verb'이다이다' : to be' : to be
''이다이다' is the form ' is the form which links a subject with its predicate, indicating equality or identification.which links a subject with its predicate, indicating equality or identification. If this form is attached to the noun, there can be no pause or space between it and the
If this form is attached to the noun, there can be no pause or space between it and the Noun. It isNoun. It is pronounced like a part of the Noun.
pronounced like a part of the Noun. It has two different forms
'-It has two different forms '-예요예요' and '-' and '-이에요이에요'. '-'. '-예요예요' is used when the Noun ends with a vowel, and '-' is used when the Noun ends with a vowel, and '-이이 에요
에요' is used when the Noun ends with a consonant.' is used when the Noun ends with a consonant.
안나 안나 ++ --예요예요 -->--> 안나예요안나예요.. 책상 책상 ++ --이에요이에요 -->--> 책상이에요책상이에요.. 2. 2. ''예예' : yes' : yes
''예예', which means 'yes', is often pronounced `', which means 'yes', is often pronounced `네네'. It is used as a regular response to a knock at '. It is used as a regular response to a knock at the door, or the door, or hearing your name called, and being greeted. The
hearing your name called, and being greeted. The opposite of `opposite of `예예' is `' is `아니오아니오'. This means 'no' is used in'. This means 'no' is used in negative replies to questions, in contradictions and denials, and as
negative replies to questions, in contradictions and denials, and as an informal reply to apologies,an informal reply to apologies, expressions of thanks, and
expressions of thanks, and compliments.compliments. 3.
3.The subjective marker '-The subjective marker '-이이//가가''
The subjective marker
`-The subjective marker `-이이//가가' is used to indicate that the preceding noun phrase is the subject of the sentence. ‘-' is used to indicate that the preceding noun phrase is the subject of the sentence. ‘-가가’’ is used after a word which ends with a vowel, while
`-is used after a word which ends with a vowel, while `-이이’ is used after a consonant.’ is used after a consonant. Here are some examples:
Here are some examples:
가방이
가방이 있어요있어요.. 모자가
모자가 있어요있어요.. 4.
4. The topic marker '-The topic marker '-은은//는는'' While the subjective marker `-While the subjective marker `-이이//가가' indicates the subject of a ' indicates the subject of a sentence,sentence, the topic marker `
the topic marker `은은//는는' is used to indicate the comparison of topics. If there is no ' is used to indicate the comparison of topics. If there is no connotation of comparison withconnotation of comparison with another subject, this marker cannot be used.
'-another subject, this marker cannot be used. '-는는' is used after words ending in a vowel, `-' is used after words ending in a vowel, `-은은' is used after words' is used after words ending in a consonant.
ending in a consonant. Here are some examples: Here are some examples:
이것이
이것이 연필이에요연필이에요.. This is a pencil.This is a pencil. 이것은
이것은 연필이에요연필이에요.. This (in comparison with other things) is a This (in comparison with other things) is a pencil.pencil. 한국말이
한국말이 재미있어요재미있어요.. Korean is Korean is interesting.interesting. 한국말은
한국말은 재미있어요재미있어요.. Korean(in comparison with other languages) is Korean(in comparison with other languages) is interesting.interesting.
5.
5.이이,,그그,,저저(demonstrative)+NOUN : this/these ,it/their, (demonstrative)+NOUN : this/these ,it/their, that/thosethat/those 5.1.5.1. 이게이게,,그게그게,,저게저게
These are the contractions of '
These are the contractions of '이것이것,,그것그것,,저것저것` and the subjective marker '-` and the subjective marker '-이이'.'. ''이것이것' is 'this thing.' '' is 'this thing.' '이이''
is a demonstrative which modifies the dependent noun
'-is a demonstrative which modifies the dependent noun '-것것' and it is used only as a ' and it is used only as a modifier of modifier of the following noun. '
the following noun. '이것이것' indicates a thing which is close to the speaker. '' indicates a thing which is close to the speaker. '그것그것' indicates a thing' indicates a thing which is far from the speaker, but close
which is far from the speaker, but close to the listener. It can be also used to the listener. It can be also used as that thing or thoseas that thing or those things already under discussion. '
things already under discussion. '저것저것' is used to indicate a ' is used to indicate a thing which is far from both thething which is far from both the listener and the speaker.
listener and the speaker. 이것
그것
그것++이이->->그게그게'that''that'(far from the speaker, close to the listener)(far from the speaker, close to the listener) 저것
저것++이이->->저게저게'that over there' (far from both the 'that over there' (far from both the listener and the speaker)listener and the speaker)
5.2.
5.2. 이건이건,,그건그건,,저건저건 These are the contractions of 'These are the contractions of '이것이것,,그것그것,,저것저것' and the topic marker ' and the topic marker
'-'-은은'.'.
이것
이것++ 은은 ->-> 이건이건 'this' (close to the speaker)'this' (close to the speaker) 그것
그것++ 은은 ->-> 그건그건 'that' (far from the speaker, close to the listener)'that' (far from the speaker, close to the listener) 저것
저것++ 은은 ->-> 저건저건 'that over there' (far from both the listener and 'that over there' (far from both the listener and the speaker)the speaker) A:
A: 이게이게 뭐예요뭐예요?? What is this?What is this? B:
B: 그게그게 창문이에요창문이에요.. It's window.It's window. A:
A: 그럼그럼 저건저건 뭐예요뭐예요??Then, what's that?Then, what's that? B:
B: 칠판이에요칠판이에요.. That's blackboard.That's blackboard. 5.3.
5.3. 이분이분,,그분그분,,저분저분
''이이,, 그그,, 저저' can indicate persons with '' can indicate persons with '분분' which means person.' which means person. 이분
이분 'this person' (close to the speaker)'this person' (close to the speaker) 그분
그분 'that person' (far from the speaker, close to the listener)'that person' (far from the speaker, close to the listener) 저분
저분 'that person over there' (far from both the listener and 'that person over there' (far from both the listener and the speaker)the speaker) There are no contracions
There are no contracions when the subjective or topic markers followwhen the subjective or topic markers follow ''이분이분,, 그분그분,, 저분저분' like '' like '이분이이분이,, 그분이그분이,, 저분이저분이,, 이분은이분은,, 그분은그분은,, 저분은저분은'.'.
이분이
이분이 안나씨안나씨 아버지예요아버지예요.. 저분은저분은 안나씨안나씨 동생이에요동생이에요..
This person is Anna's father and that person is Anna's younger brother. This person is Anna's father and that person is Anna's younger brother. 6.
6. Verb 'Verb '아니다아니다' : not to be' : not to be This word is used for making negatives. You have already studied 'This word is used for making negatives. You have already studied '이다이다`` which indicates equality or identification. The '
which indicates equality or identification. The '이다이다' is attached directly to a noun, and is pronounced as one word' is attached directly to a noun, and is pronounced as one word with the noun. When you make
with the noun. When you make the negative construction of 'the negative construction of '이다이다', the subject marker '-', the subject marker '-이이//가가' is attached directly to' is attached directly to the noun, and then followed by the negative verb '
the noun, and then followed by the negative verb '아니다아니다'.'.
이것이
이것이 의자예요의자예요.. <---><---> 이것이이것이 의자가의자가 아니예요아니예요..
제가
7.
7. Verb 'Verb '있다있다//없다없다' : to be/not to be' : to be/not to be The verb `The verb `있다있다' indicates existence, location or ' indicates existence, location or possession.possession. The opposite verb is `
The opposite verb is `없다없다'.'. (Possesion)(Possesion) 동생
동생 있어요있어요?? 네네,, 동생이동생이 있어요있어요.. Do you ha
Do you have a younve a younger brger brother?other? Yes, I Yes, I have a yohave a younger bunger brotherrother.. 아니오
아니오,, 동생이동생이 없어요없어요.. 그런데그런데 언니는언니는 있어요있어요.. No, I don't have a younger brother.
No, I don't have a younger brother. But I have an older sister.
But I have an older sister. (Location)
(Location) 교실에
교실에 책상이책상이 있어요있어요?? 네네,, 책상이책상이 있어요있어요.. Is
Is thethere a re a desdesk ik in thn the cle classassrooroom?m? Yes, thYes, there ere is is a dea desk (sk (in in the the claclassrssroomoom)) 아니오
아니오,, 책상이책상이 없어요없어요.. 의자는의자는 있어요있어요.. No, there is not a desk (in the classroom). No, there is not a desk (in the classroom).
But there is a chair. But there is a chair. 8.
8.The marker '-The marker '-에에' : at/in' : at/in This locative marker indicates that someone or something This locative marker indicates that someone or something isis stationary in a place. It is attached to n
stationary in a place. It is attached to nouns, and followed by 'ouns, and followed by '있다있다'(to be) and ''(to be) and '없다없다'(not to be).'(not to be). 교실에
LESSON 2 LESSON 2 1.
1.The marker '-The marker '-에에'' 1.1. to1.1. to The marker '
The marker '에에' indicates a destination.' indicates a destination.
도서관에 도서관에 가요가요.. 서점에 서점에 가요가요.. 생일 생일 잔치에잔치에 가요가요.. 1.2. at, in 1.2. at, in
This locative marker indicates that someone or something is stationary in a
This locative marker indicates that someone or something is stationary in a place. In this case, 'place. In this case, '에에' is attached to' is attached to nouns, and is followed by an inactive verb, such as '
nouns, and is followed by an inactive verb, such as '있다있다(to be)` or '(to be)` or '없다없다(not to be)`(not to be)`
서점은 서점은 도서관도서관 옆에옆에 있어요있어요.. 우리집은 우리집은 센츄럴에센츄럴에 있어요있어요.. 꽃가게 꽃가게 뒤에뒤에 있어요있어요.. 2.
2. The sentence ending '-The sentence ending '-아아((어어//여여))요요''
There are several kinds of speech
There are several kinds of speech style in the Korean language anstyle in the Korean language and three styles will be dealt withd three styles will be dealt with in Novice 1. They are
in Novice 1. They are the informal polite speech style, formal polite speech style and the the informal polite speech style, formal polite speech style and the plainplain speech style. Each speech style is determined by the
speech style. Each speech style is determined by the formality of the situation and the personalformality of the situation and the personal relationship of the individuals involved in a d
relationship of the individuals involved in a dialogue. Both the formal and the ialogue. Both the formal and the informal politeinformal polite speech styles are used when people
speech styles are used when people want to be polite, but want to be polite, but the formal polite speech style is used inthe formal polite speech style is used in a formal situation and the informal polite speech style in a
a formal situation and the informal polite speech style in a n informal situation. The plain speechn informal situation. The plain speech style is spoken when a superior talks to an
style is spoken when a superior talks to an inferior in age or is used between inferior in age or is used between close friends. Theclose friends. The study of the informal polite speech style will be done
study of the informal polite speech style will be done first in this lesson and the other two speechfirst in this lesson and the other two speech styles will be introduced later.
styles will be introduced later.
The informal polite speech style is most widely used in
The informal polite speech style is most widely used in Korea. Speakers can use this styleKorea. Speakers can use this style when they wish to talk politely, but informally, in any situation. The
when they wish to talk politely, but informally, in any situation. The sentence ending whichsentence ending which makes the informal polite speech style has three forms.
makes the informal polite speech style has three forms. (1) `(1) `아요아요' form :' form : This is used when the last vowel of the verb stem is '
This is used when the last vowel of the verb stem is 'ㅏㅏ' or '' or 'ㅗㅗ''
알다 알다 ;; 알알 + + -->--> 알아요알아요 좋다 좋다 ;; 좋좋 + + -->--> 좋아요좋아요 가다 가다 ;; 가가 ++ 아요아요 -->--> 가아요가아요 -->--> 가요가요(Contraction)(Contraction) 오다 오다 ;; 오오 + + -->--> 오아요오아요 -->--> 와요와요(Contraction)(Contraction) (2) ` (2) `어요어요' form :' form :
This is used after any other last vowel of the verb stem except for the '
있다 있다;;있있++ -->-->있어요있어요 먹다 먹다;;먹먹++ 어요어요 -->-->먹어요먹어요 없다 없다``없없++ -->-->없어요없어요 (3) ` (3) `여요여요' form :' form : This is used after a '
This is used after a '하다하다` verb.` verb.
공부하다 공부하다;;공부하공부하++ -->-->공부하여요공부하여요-->-->공부해요공부해요(contraction)(contraction) 좋아하다 좋아하다::좋아하좋아하++ 여요여요 -->-->좋아하여요좋아하여요-->-->좋아해요좋아해요(contraction)(contraction) 노래하다 노래하다;;노래하노래하+ + -->-->노래하여요노래하여요-->-->노래해요노래해요(contraction)(contraction)
** The verb form like
** The verb form like 알다알다,, 가다가다,, 오다오다 is called the infinitive form. The verb stem is madeis called the infinitive form. The verb stem is made when '
when '다다' is omitted from the infinitive form and many verb forms are made by adding some' is omitted from the infinitive form and many verb forms are made by adding some patterns to this verb stem.
patterns to this verb stem. 3.
3. Making questions.'-Making questions.'-아아((어어//여여))요요?'?' It is very simple to make an It is very simple to make an interrogativinterrogative sentence in Korean.e sentence in Korean. There is no subject-verb inversion as in
There is no subject-verb inversion as in English. You can make Yes/No question with rising intonation at the English. You can make Yes/No question with rising intonation at the end of end of the sentence. For wh-questions, you should use interrogatives such as '
the sentence. For wh-questions, you should use interrogatives such as '어디어디(where)` and '(where)` and '뭐뭐//무엇무엇(what)`.(what)`.
의자가
의자가 책상책상 옆에옆에 있어있어 요
요.. There is a chair beside the desk.There is a chair beside the desk. 의자가
의자가 책상책상 옆에옆에 있어있어 요
요?? Is there a chair beside the desk?Is there a chair beside the desk? 의자가
의자가 어디에어디에 있어요있어요?? Where is the chair?Where is the chair? 이것은
이것은 맥주예요맥주예요.. This is beer.This is beer. 이것은
이것은 맥주예요맥주예요?? Is this beer?Is this beer? 이게
이게 뭐예요뭐예요?? What is this?What is this?
4.
4. The markerThe marker도도 : also/too: also/too The marker '-The marker '-도도` means 'also' or 'too'. This can ` means 'also' or 'too'. This can replace the subjectivereplace the subjective marker
'-marker '-가가//이이', and the objective marker '-', and the objective marker '-을을//를를`.`.
맥주가
맥주가 있어요있어요.. There is some beer.There is some beer. 맥주도
나는
나는 가요가요.. I will go.I will go. 나도
나도 가요가요.. I will go,I will go, tootoo..
5.
5. The pattern 'The pattern '옆옆//앞앞 //뒤뒤 // 위위// 아래아래 ++에에''
: beside/in fromt of/behind/on/under
: beside/in fromt of/behind/on/under Words that indicate directions and Words that indicate directions and locations. Combined withlocations. Combined with markers indicating location such as '
markers indicating location such as '에에`, they are used for `, they are used for locations.locations.
고양이가
고양이가 책상책상 옆에옆에 있어요있어요.. There is a catThere is a cat besidebesidethe desk.the desk. 고양이가
고양이가 책상책상 앞에앞에 있어요있어요.. There is a catThere is a cat in front of in front of the desk.the desk. 고양이가
고양이가 책상책상 뒤에뒤에 있어요있어요.. There is a catThere is a cat behindbehindthe desk.the desk. 고양이가
고양이가 책상책상 위에위에 있어요있어요.. There is a catThere is a cat ononthe desk.the desk. 고양이가
LESSON 3
LESSON 3
1.
1.Adverb 'Adverb '안안' : do not' : do not The abverb 'The abverb '안안' is used to express the negative and means 'do not'. '' is used to express the negative and means 'do not'. '안안' is put' is put before the verb.
before the verb.
학교에
학교에 안안 갔어요갔어요.. 점심을
점심을 안안 먹었어요먹었어요..
2.
2. Adverb 'Adverb '못못' : want to do but can not' : want to do but can not The adverb 'The adverb '못못' is used with action verbs, and means' is used with action verbs, and means impossibility or strong denial and
impossibility or strong denial and refusal.refusal.
파티에
파티에 못못 갔어요갔어요.. 형을
형을 못못 만났어요만났어요..
3.
3. The marker '-The marker '-에서에서' : at/in,from' : at/in,from The marker '-The marker '-에서에서' has two meanings. One ' has two meanings. One is 'at' or 'in' indicatingis 'at' or 'in' indicating the place where an action
the place where an action takes place. Another meaning is 'from', indicating a starting point or cause.takes place. Another meaning is 'from', indicating a starting point or cause.
맥도널드에서
맥도널드에서 점심을점심을 먹었어요먹었어요.. 스페인에서
스페인에서 왔어요왔어요.. 4.
4. The objective marker '-The objective marker '-을을//를를'' The marker '-The marker '-을을//를를' is attached to a Noun to indicate the direct' is attached to a Noun to indicate the direct object of a transitive verb.
'-object of a transitive verb. '-를를' is used after a vowel while '' is used after a vowel while '을을' is used after a consonant.' is used after a consonant.
생일파티를
생일파티를 했어요했어요.. 점심을
점심을 먹었어요먹었어요..
5.
5. The pre-ending '-The pre-ending '-았았//었었//였였-'-' This is used to indicate an action which took place in the past or aThis is used to indicate an action which took place in the past or a condition which used to exist.
condition which used to exist. (1) -(1) -았았 --When the final vowel of the verb stem is '
When the final vowel of the verb stem is 'ㅏㅏ,,ㅗㅗ', it takes '-', it takes '-았았-'-' 많다 많다:: 많많 + + ->-> 많았어요많았어요.. 좋다 좋다:: 좋좋 ++ 았어요았어요.. ->-> 좋았어요좋았어요.. 만나다 만나다:: 만나만나 + + ->-> 만나았어요만나았어요.. ->-> 만났어요만났어요.. (contraction)(contraction) 오다 오다:: 오오 + + ->-> 오았어요오았어요.. ->-> 왔어요왔어요.. (contracion)(contracion) (2) -(2) -었었
--When the final vowel of the verb stem is any other vowel like '
When the final vowel of the verb stem is any other vowel like 'ㅓㅓ,,ㅜㅜ,,ㅡㅡ,,ㅣㅣ', it takes '-', it takes '-었었-'.-'.
먹다
먹다:: 먹먹 + + ->-> 먹었어요먹었어요.. 읽다
가르치다 가르치다::가르치가르치+ + ->-> 가르치었어요가르치었어요.->.-> 가르쳤어요가르쳤어요.. (contraction)(contraction) 찍다 찍다:: 찍찍 + + ->-> 찍었어요찍었어요.. (3) -(3) -였였
--When the verb is a '
When the verb is a '하다하다' verb, it takes '-' verb, it takes '-였였-'.-'. 산책하다 산책하다::산책하산책하+ + ->-> 산책하였어요산책하였어요..->-> 산책했어요산책했어요.. (contraction)(contraction) 기뻐하다 기뻐하다::기뻐하기뻐하++ 였어요였어요.. ->-> 기뻐하였어요기뻐하였어요..->-> 기뻐했어요기뻐했어요.. (contraction)(contraction) 가르치다 가르치다::가르치가르치+ + ->-> 공부하였어요공부하였어요..->-> 가르쳤어요가르쳤어요.. (contraction)(contraction)
LESSON 4
LESSON 4
1.
1.The pattern '-The pattern '-고고싶다싶다' : would like to (do)/want to (do)' : would like to (do)/want to (do) The pattern ‘-The pattern ‘-고고 싶다싶다’ is used’ is used to indicate the desire of the subject
to indicate the desire of the subject and is used with action verbs and and is used with action verbs and ‘‘있다있다.’ This pattern ‘-.’ This pattern ‘-고고 싶싶 다
다’ is used with first person statements and second person questions. Here are some examples:’ is used with first person statements and second person questions. Here are some examples: 사과를
사과를 사고사고 싶어요싶어요.. (I) would like to buy an apple.(I) would like to buy an apple. 커피를
커피를 마시고마시고 싶어요싶어요.. (I) would like to drink a cup (I) would like to drink a cup of coffee.of coffee. 한국에
한국에 가고가고 싶어요싶어요.. (I) would like to go to Korea.(I) would like to go to Korea. 안나씨를
안나씨를 만나고만나고 싶어요싶어요?? Would (you) like to see Anna?Would (you) like to see Anna? 어디에
어디에 가고가고 싶으세요싶으세요?? Where would (you) like to go?Where would (you) like to go? Tense and negation are expressed in the verb '
Tense and negation are expressed in the verb '싶다싶다'.'. 피자를
피자를 먹고먹고 싶어요싶어요.. (I) wanted to eat pizza.(I) wanted to eat pizza. 피자를먹고
피자를먹고 싶지싶지 않아요않아요.. (I) don't want to eat pizza.(I) don't want to eat pizza. 2.
2.'-'-세요세요' : imperative Sentence ending' : imperative Sentence ending '-'-세요세요' is one of the sentence endings which' is one of the sentence endings which can be used for indicating polite questioning in the
Interrogative(-can be used for indicating polite questioning in the Interrogative(-세요세요?) and polite?) and polite order(command) in the
Imperatives(-order(command) in the Imperatives(-세요세요). This ending is more polite than ). This ending is more polite than the sententce endingthe sententce ending
'-'-어요어요.'.' (1)
'-(1) '-세요세요?'?'
This form implies respect of the speaker for the subject of
This form implies respect of the speaker for the subject of the sentence, but the anthe sentence, but the answer to this ‘-swer to this ‘-세요
세요?’ must be ‘-?’ must be ‘-어요어요’ when referring to the yourself in the first person.’ when referring to the yourself in the first person. 집에
집에 가세요가세요?? Do you go home?Do you go home? 네
네,, 집에집에 가요가요.. Yes, I go.Yes, I go. (2)
'-(2) '-세요세요.'.'
This form means 'Please do something' when referring to the
This form means 'Please do something' when referring to the second person.second person. 사과
사과 주세요주세요.. Please give me an apple.Please give me an apple. 안나를
안나를 만나세요만나세요.. Please meet Anna.Please meet Anna. 3.
3.The marker '-The marker '-에에' : per,for,by,at,in' : per,for,by,at,in You have already studied this marker '-You have already studied this marker '-에에'' which indicates static location in lesson 2. This marker
which indicates static location in lesson 2. This marker '-'-에에' is used to indicate the time that' is used to indicate the time that something takes place and proportion.
something takes place and proportion. 저는
저는 안나씨를안나씨를 한한 시에시에 만나요만나요.. I meet Anna at 1 o'clock.I meet Anna at 1 o'clock. 저는
저는 월요일에월요일에 등산을등산을 가요가요.. I go climbing on Monday.I go climbing on Monday. 그
이
이 사과사과 한한 개에개에 얼마예요얼마예요?? How much is this apple for one?How much is this apple for one? Interrogatives With Numbers
Interrogatives With Numbers 얼마
얼마 How muchHow much 몇
몇 시시 What timeWhat time 몇
몇 개개 How manyHow many 며칠
며칠 What dayWhat day 몇
몇 가지가지 How many kindsHow many kinds 이거
이거 얼마예요얼마예요?? How much for this?How much for this? 지금
지금 몇몇 시예요시예요?? What time is it now?What time is it now? 몇
몇 개개 드릴까요드릴까요?? How many do you want?How many do you want? 오늘
오늘 며칠이에요며칠이에요?? What day is today?What day is today? 몇
몇 가지가지 색이색이 있어요있어요?? How many colors are there?How many colors are there? 4.
4.Counting unitCounting unit (1) There are various counting units in the Korean language. '(1) There are various counting units in the Korean language. '개개',', which means 'piece, item, object', is widely used when counting things and '
which means 'piece, item, object', is widely used when counting things and '명명', which means', which means 'person', is used when counting persons. '
'person', is used when counting persons. '분분' and '' and '사람사람' are also used when counting persons, but' are also used when counting persons, but ''분분' is the polite form and shows respect ' is the polite form and shows respect for the persons counted. These counting for the persons counted. These counting units do notunits do not occur as independent words, but are connected to numbers. The Korean numbers are used with occur as independent words, but are connected to numbers. The Korean numbers are used with these units, for example '
these units, for example '다섯다섯 개개,, 열열 개개', and '', and '일곱일곱 명명,, 아홉아홉 명명', and the name of things or ', and the name of things or persons should precede these expressions.
persons should precede these expressions. 시계
시계 다섯다섯 개개 five watchesfive watches 책
책 일곱일곱 개개 seven booksseven books 학생
학생 열열 명명 ten studentsten students 선생님
선생님 열열 여덟여덟 분분 eighteen teacherseighteen teachers
Several Korean numbers are changed when they used with counting units. Several Korean numbers are changed when they used with counting units.
K Koorreeaan n NNuummbbeerrss NNuummbbeer r + + ccoouunnttiinng g uunniitt 하나 하나 한한 개개,, 한한 명명,, 한한 분분,, 한한 사람사람 둘 둘 두두 개개,, 두두 명명,, 두두 분분,, 두두 사람사람 셋 셋 세세 개개,, 세세 명명,, 세세 분분,, 세세 사람사람
넷
넷 네네 개개,, 네네 명명,, 네네 분분,, 네네 사람사람 스물
스물 스무스무 개개,, 스무스무 명명,, 스무스무 분분,, 스무스무 사람사람 사과
사과 한한 개개 주세요주세요.. Give me one apple.Give me one apple. 저는
저는 아이들이아이들이 세세 명명 있어요있어요.. I have three children.I have three children. Other counting units will be introduced later.
Other counting units will be introduced later. Both Chinese and Korean units are Both Chinese and Korean units are usedused according
according to to the the counting counting units. units. (2) (2) Both Both Korean Korean and and Chinese Chinese numbers numbers are are used used whenwhen speaking about time is said. Here are
speaking about time is said. Here are some examples:some examples: 04:40 04:40 K.N : C.N. K.N : C.N. 네 네 시시 사십사십 분분 Korean number +
Korean number +시시 (o'clock)(o'clock) 한
한 시시 one o'clock one o'clock 열
열 시시 ten o'clock ten o'clock Chinese number +
Chinese number +분분 (minutes)(minutes) 사십
사십 분분 fourty minutesfourty minutes 삼십
삼십 분분 thirty minutesthirty minutes
한
한 시시 반에반에 만납시다만납시다..
Let's meet at 1:30. Let's meet at 1:30. ('
('반반' is used often as thirty minutes)' is used often as thirty minutes) 수업이
수업이 열열 시시 오오 분에분에 끝났어요끝났어요.. The class ended at 10:05.The class ended at 10:05. 5.
5.Irregular verbs 'Irregular verbs '으으'' (1) When verbs ending with '(1) When verbs ending with '으으' meet the vowel, '' meet the vowel, '으으' is omitted.' is omitted. Most verbs ending in a final vowel '
Most verbs ending in a final vowel '으으' of the stem are irregular.' of the stem are irregular. 쓰쓰((다다)) + -+ -어요어요 :: ㅆㅆ++ㅓ요ㅓ요 =>
=> 써요써요 : to write,to use,to be bitter,to put on(a : to write,to use,to be bitter,to put on(a hat)hat) 크크((다다)) + -+ -어요어요 :: ㅋㅋ ++ ㅓ요ㅓ요 =>=> 커요커요 : to be: to be tall
tall 뜨뜨((다다)) : to rise: to rise 끄끄((다다)) : to turn off : to turn off 저는
저는 편지를편지를 써요써요.. I am writing a letter .I am writing a letter . 편지를
편지를 썼어요썼어요.. I wrote a letter.I wrote a letter. 편지를
편지를 써야써야 해요해요.. I have to write a letter.I have to write a letter. 동생은
(2)
'-(2) '-아요아요' is used if the vowel before '' is used if the vowel before '으으' is '' is 'ㅏㅏ' or '' or 'ㅗㅗ', '-', '-어요어요' is used if the vowel before' is used if the vowel before ''으으' is other vowel except '' is other vowel except '아아' and '' and '오오'. '. --으으 irregular verbs + '-irregular verbs + '-아요아요''
바쁘 바쁘((다다) + -) + -아요아요 :: 바ㅃ바ㅃ ++ ㅏ요ㅏ요 =>=> 바빠요바빠요 : To be busy: To be busy 배가 배가 고프고프((다다)) :: to to be be huhungngryry 나쁘 나쁘((다다)) :: tto bo be be baadd 잠그
잠그((다다)) :: tto o lloocck k 아프
아프((다다)) :: to to be be papaininfufull 저는
저는 오늘오늘 바빠요바빠요.. Today I am busy.Today I am busy. 오늘
오늘 아침에아침에 바빴어요바빴어요.. I was busy this morning.I was busy this morning. 바빠서
바빠서 못못 갔어요갔어요.. Because I was busy, I couldn't go.Because I was busy, I couldn't go. --으으 irregular verbs + '-irregular verbs + '-어요어요''
예쁘
예쁘((다다) + -) + -어요어요 :: 예ㅃ예ㅃ ㅓ요ㅓ요 =>=> 예뻐요예뻐요 (To be pretty)(To be pretty) 슬프
슬프((다다)) :: 슬ㅍ슬ㅍ ㅓ요ㅓ요 =>=> 슬프다슬프다 (to be sad)(to be sad) 기쁘
기쁘((다다)) :: to to be be hahappppyy 슬프
LESSON 5
LESSON 5
1.
1.The pattern '-The pattern '-아아((어어//여여)) 보다보다'' (1)(1)On it's own, 'On it's own, '보다보다' means 'to see.' The pattern '-' means 'to see.' The pattern '-아아((어어// 여
여))보다보다' is used to convey meanings such ' is used to convey meanings such as 'someone tries doing something ( to see as 'someone tries doing something ( to see how it willhow it will turn out) or 'someone does something to
turn out) or 'someone does something to see (how it will turn out).'see (how it will turn out).' 이
이 구두를구두를 신어신어 보세요보세요.. Please try on these shoes.Please try on these shoes. 전화해
전화해 보세요보세요.. Please try to call.Please try to call. 여기서
여기서 기다려기다려 보세요보세요.. Please wait here.Please wait here. (2)
(2) With past tense form. it can be used With past tense form. it can be used to express experience as well as to express experience as well as the meaningsthe meanings mentioned in (1)
mentioned in (1) 저는
저는 한국에한국에 가가 봤어요봤어요.. I have been to Korea.I have been to Korea. 저는
저는 멜라니를멜라니를 만나만나 봤어요봤어요.. I have met Melanie.I have met Melanie. 2.
2.The pattern '-The pattern '-아아//어어//여여보이다보이다''
: someone(or something) looks (appears, seems...)
: someone(or something) looks (appears, seems...) This pattern conveys meanings such asThis pattern conveys meanings such as likeness, resemblance, or similarity. when attached directly to the stems of adjectives.
likeness, resemblance, or similarity. when attached directly to the stems of adjectives. The past tense form of this pattern is
'-The past tense form of this pattern is '-아아//어어//여여 보였다보였다.'.' --아아 보이다보이다 is after verb stemsis after verb stems having '
--어어 보이다보이다 is after verb stems having other vowel 'is after verb stems having other vowel '아아//오오'' --여여 보이다보이다 is after verb stems having '-is after verb stems having '-하다하다''
옷이
옷이 작아작아 보여요보여요.. The clothes look small.The clothes look small. 한국음식이
한국음식이 맛있어맛있어 보여요보여요.. Korean food looks delicious.Korean food looks delicious. 그분이
그분이 행복해행복해 보여요보여요.. He looks happy.He looks happy. 3.
3.The marker '-The marker '-보다보다' : more than' : more than The comparative marker '-The comparative marker '-보다보다' (more than) is' (more than) is attached to a standard of
attached to a standard of comparison (which is usually the second noun) when comparison (which is usually the second noun) when both items of both items of comparison are mentioned. It is often accompanied by
'-comparison are mentioned. It is often accompanied by '-더더' which means 'more'.' which means 'more'. 한국말이
한국말이 영어보다영어보다 ((더더)) 어려워요어려워요..Korean is more difficult than English.Korean is more difficult than English. 개가
개가 고양이보다고양이보다 ((더더)) 커요커요.. Dogs are bigger than cats.Dogs are bigger than cats. 오늘은
오늘은 어제보다어제보다 ((더더)) 시원해요시원해요.. Today is cooler than yesterday.Today is cooler than yesterday. When the standard of comparison is
When the standard of comparison is omitted, 'omitted, '더더'('more) is used.'('more) is used. 이게
이게 더더 좋아요좋아요.. This is better.This is better. 한국말이
한국말이 더더 어려워요어려워요.. Korean is more difficult.Korean is more difficult. 나는
나는 사과가사과가 더더 좋아요좋아요.. I like apples more.I like apples more. 4.
4.제일제일//가장가장 : the most: the most While the comparative marker is attached to nouns,While the comparative marker is attached to nouns, superlative sentences are made by putting the
superlative sentences are made by putting the word 'word '가장가장//제일제일' before adjectives, noun modifiers' before adjectives, noun modifiers or adverbs.
or adverbs. 그게
그게 제일제일 예뻐요예뻐요.. That one is the prettiest.That one is the prettiest. 이게
이게 제일제일 작은작은 연필이에요연필이에요.. This is the smallest pencil.This is the smallest pencil.
그분이
그분이 제일제일 잘잘 가르쳐요가르쳐요.. He teaches best of all.He teaches best of all. (He is the best teacher.) (He is the best teacher.) 안나가
LESSON 6 LESSON 6 1.
1.The pattern '-(The pattern '-(으으))ㄹㄹ거예요거예요' : will' : will This pattern is used in the first or second person to express anThis pattern is used in the first or second person to express an action which is going to take
action which is going to take place in the future.place in the future. (1) -(1) -ㄹㄹ 거예요거예요:: If the verb stem ends in a vowel.If the verb stem ends in a vowel. 안나씨
안나씨,, 내일내일 뭐뭐 할할 거예요거예요?? Anna, what will you do tomorrow?Anna, what will you do tomorrow? 저는
저는 내일내일 이사를이사를 할할 거예요거예요.. I will move tomorrow.I will move tomorrow. (2)
-(2) -을을 거예요거예요:: If the verb stem ends in a consonant.If the verb stem ends in a consonant. 지금
지금 점심점심 먹을먹을 거예요거예요?? Will you have lunch now?Will you have lunch now?
아니오
아니오, 30, 30 분분 후에후에 먹을먹을 거예요거예요.. No, I will have it in 30 No, I will have it in 30 minutes.minutes.
If the subject of the sentence is the 3rd person pronoun, this pattern indicates likelihood or If the subject of the sentence is the 3rd person pronoun, this pattern indicates likelihood or probability.
2.
2. The Marker '-The Marker '-까지까지' : all the way up to' : all the way up to This marker '-This marker '-까지까지' indicates goal of the time' indicates goal of the time and place, attaching to nouns of place or time.
and place, attaching to nouns of place or time. 어디까지
어디까지 가세요가세요?? How far are you going?How far are you going? 시청까지
시청까지 가요가요.. I am going as far as City Hall.I am going as far as City Hall. 아홉시까지
아홉시까지 오세요오세요.. Please come by nine o'clock.Please come by nine o'clock.
3.
3. The Marker '-The Marker '-부터부터' : from (when)' : from (when)
The marker
'-The marker '-부터부터' indicates a movement away from ' indicates a movement away from a certain place or time.a certain place or time. It is much more commonly used for time than place.
It is much more commonly used for time than place. For place, the marker
'-For place, the marker '-에서에서' is better.' is better. 9
9 시부터시부터 1212 시까지시까지 한국어를한국어를 공부해공부해 요
요..
I study Korean from nine to twelve. I study Korean from nine to twelve.
몇
몇 시부터시부터 수업을수업을 시작해요시작해요?? What time does class begin?What time does class begin?
(From what time do you begin class?) (From what time do you begin class?) 이것부터
이것부터 하세요하세요.. Do this first.Do this first. 여기부터
여기부터 읽으세요읽으세요.. Read from here.Read from here.
4.
4. The Marker '-The Marker '-에서에서' : from' : from The marker '-The marker '-에서에서' is attached to place ' is attached to place nouns and indicates a startingnouns and indicates a starting point of movement.
point of movement.
안나는
안나는 호주에서호주에서 왔어요왔어요.. Anna came from Australia.Anna came from Australia. LA
LA 에서에서 New York New York 까지까지 멀어요멀어요?? Is it far from LA to New York ?Is it far from LA to New York ? You have studied this marker
'-You have studied this marker '-에서에서' denoting dynamic location. If someone ' denoting dynamic location. If someone does somethingdoes something at a certain place. this marker de
at a certain place. this marker designates the location. Let's review it.signates the location. Let's review it. 서강
서강 대학교에서대학교에서 공부해요공부해요.. I study at Sogang I study at Sogang University.University. 한국식당에서
한국식당에서 한국한국 음식을음식을 먹어요먹어요.. I eat Korean food at a korean restaurant.I eat Korean food at a korean restaurant.
5.
5. The Plain Speech StyleThe Plain Speech Style You have already studied the You have already studied the formal and informal polite speechformal and informal polite speech style. Now you will study the plain style (in Korean
style. Now you will study the plain style (in Korean 반말반말) which is used among truly close) which is used among truly close friends, to a social inferior, or when talking with children.
friends, to a social inferior, or when talking with children. There are several ways to form the plain
There are several ways to form the plain speech style.speech style. 5.1.5.1. The easiest way to form the plainThe easiest way to form the plain speech style is to just attach
informal polite style which is formed by the ending
'-informal polite style which is formed by the ending '-아아//어어//여요여요'. If you drop the '-'. If you drop the '-요요', you will', you will get the plain speech style.
get the plain speech style. 어디
어디 가요가요??---->----> 어디어디 가가?? WWheherre e arare e yoyou u gogoiingng?? <<InInttererrrogogatativive>e> 학교에
학교에 가요가요.. ---->---->학교에학교에 가가.. II''m m ggooiinng g tto o hhoommee.. <<DDeeccllaarraattiivvee>> 빨리
빨리 가가((세세))요요 ---->---->빨리빨리 가가 !! GGo o qquuiicckkllyy!! <<IImmppeerraattiivvee>> 갑시다
갑시다!!---->---->가가 ! <a little awkward>! <a little awkward> LLeett''s s ggoo.. <<PPrrooppoossiittiivvee>> The sentence ending of the
The sentence ending of the four types of sentences are the same, bfour types of sentences are the same, but they are differenciated byut they are differenciated by intonation.
intonation.
If the predicate has the construction 'Noun
If the predicate has the construction 'Noun + -+ -이다이다', the ending '-', the ending '-야야' is used.' is used. 이름이
이름이 뭐예요뭐예요?? ---->----> 이름이이름이 뭐야뭐야?? 저게
저게 사탕입니까사탕입니까?? ---->----> 저게저게 사탕이야사탕이야?? 5.2.
5.2. First, two kinds of endings can be uFirst, two kinds of endings can be used for the interrogative '-sed for the interrogative '-니니' and '' and '아아//어어//여여'. There'. There aredifferences in nuance between the two. The ending
'-aredifferences in nuance between the two. The ending '-아아//어어//여여' is used among close friends,' is used among close friends, and the ending
'-and the ending '-니니' is used to a social inferior.' is used to a social inferior. 어디 어디 가가?? ---->----> 어디어디 가니가니?? 밥 밥 먹었어먹었어?? ---->----> 밥밥 먹었니먹었니?? 언제 언제 갈갈 거예요거예요?? ---->----> 언제언제 갈갈 거니거니?? 5.3.
5.3. Second, the propositive ending '-Second, the propositive ending '-자자' is used more frequently in colloquial conversation.' is used more frequently in colloquial conversation. 수영하러
수영하러 가자가자 !! Let's go to swimming.Let's go to swimming. 이따가
이따가 1212 시쯤에시쯤에 만나자만나자 !! Let's meet at 12 o'clock.Let's meet at 12 o'clock. 오늘
오늘 저녁에저녁에 만나자만나자 !! Let's meet in the evening.Let's meet in the evening. 술
술 한한 잔잔 하러하러 가자가자 !! Let's go to drink.Let's go to drink. 5.4.
5.4. The imperative is formed with the ending 'The imperative is formed with the ending ' 아아//어어//여여' . However, its use is restricted and' . However, its use is restricted and it is not commonly used among close friends.
it is not commonly used among close friends. 조용히
조용히 해해 !! Be quiet !Be quiet ! 나가
나가 !! Get out of here !Get out of here ! 빨리
나한테
나한테 던져던져 !! Throw it to me !Throw it to me !
6.
6. '-'-ㄷㄷ' Irregular verbs' Irregular verbs The final consonant '-ㄷThe final consonant '-ㄷ' of the verb stem changes '-' of the verb stem changes '-ㄹㄹ' when' when followed by a vowel, but it does not change when followed by a consonant.
followed by a vowel, but it does not change when followed by a consonant. 듣다
듣다(to listen):(to listen): 듣듣 ++ 어요어요 --->---> 들어요들어요.. 묻다
묻다(to ask):(to ask): 묻묻 ++ 어어 보다보다 --->---> 물어물어 보다보다.. 걷다
걷다(to walk):(to walk): 걷걷 ++ 었어요었어요 --->---> 걸었어요걸었어요..
저는
저는 지금지금 음악을음악을 들어요들어요.. I listen to the music nowI listen to the music now 잘
잘 모르면모르면 저한테저한테 물어물어 보세요보세요.. If you really don't know, ask me.If you really don't know, ask me. 어제는
어제는 많이많이 걸었어요걸었어요.. I walked a lot yesterday.I walked a lot yesterday. 저한테
저한테 묻지묻지 마세요마세요.!.! Don't ask me.Don't ask me. However '
However '닫다닫다' to close, '' to close, '받다받다' to receive and '' to receive and '믿다믿다' to believe are not ' to believe are not irregular verbs.irregular verbs. 문을
문을 닫아닫아 주세요주세요.. Please close the door.Please close the door. 어제
어제 친구한테서친구한테서 편지를편지를 받았어요받았어요.. I received a letter from my friend.I received a letter from my friend. 지도와
지도와 카메카메라가라가 필요해요필요해요.. I need map and camera.I need map and camera. 저는
저는 요요즘즘 한국말과한국말과 영어를영어를 공부해요공부해요.. I study Korean and English these days.I study Korean and English these days. There is another pattern
'-There is another pattern '-와와//과과 같같이이' which means 'together', 'with' or 'along ' which means 'together', 'with' or 'along with'. This '-with'. This '-와
와//과과 같같이이' is interchangeable with '-' is interchangeable with '-하고하고 같같이이' and '' and '같같이이' can be dropped in both '-' can be dropped in both '-와와//과과 같같이이'' and '
and '하고하고 같같이이'.'. 친구와
친구와 같같이이((친구하고친구하고 같같이이)) 여행했어요여행했어요.. I went on a trip with my friends.I went on a trip with my friends. 선생님과
선생님과 의의논논했어요했어요.. I had a discussion with my teacher.I had a discussion with my teacher. 남
남동생하고동생하고 살살아요아요.. I live with my younger brother.I live with my younger brother.
7.
7. '-'-ㅂㅂ' Irregular verbs' Irregular verbs Some verbs of which the verb stems ends in the final consonant '-Some verbs of which the verb stems ends in the final consonant '-ㅂ
ㅂ' are irregular. When the final consonant '-' are irregular. When the final consonant '-ㅂㅂ' of the verb stem is followed by a ' of the verb stem is followed by a vowel, itvowel, it changes into '
changes into '우우'. The vowel which follows the v'. The vowel which follows the verb stem is usually 'erb stem is usually '어요어요' except for some verbs' except for some verbs like '
like '돕돕다다' and '' and '곱다곱다'. When the final consonant '-'. When the final consonant '-ㅂㅂ' of the verb stem is followed by a' of the verb stem is followed by a consonant, it does not change.
consonant, it does not change. 즐겁
(contraction) (contraction) 반갑다
반갑다 (to be glad)(to be glad) 반가우반가우 ++ 어요어요 ->-> 반가우어요반가우어요 ->-> 반가워요반가워요.. 춥
춥다다 (to be cold)(to be cold) 추추우우 ++ 었어요었어요 ->-> 추추우었어요우었어요 ->-> 추웠추웠어요어요.. 어
어렵렵다다 (to be difficult)(to be difficult) 어려우어려우 ++ ㄹ거예요ㄹ거예요 ->-> 어려어려울울 거예요거예요..
덥
덥다다 (to be hot)(to be hot) 더우더우 ++ 어어 보여요보여요 ->-> 더우어더우어 보여요보여요 ->-> 더워더워 보여요보여요.. 돕
돕다다 (to help)(to help) 도우도우 ++ 아요아요 ->-> 도우아요도우아요 ->-> 도와요도와요.. 곱다
곱다 (to be pretty)(to be pretty) 고우고우 ++ 아요아요 ->-> 고우아요고우아요 ->-> 고와요고와요..
LESSON 7 LESSON 7 1.
1.The pattern' -(The pattern' -(으으))ㄹ까요ㄹ까요?' Shall we(I) ~ ?/Will it be ~ ??' Shall we(I) ~ ?/Will it be ~ ? The pattern '-(The pattern '-(으으))ㄹ까요ㄹ까요?' is used to?' is used to express inquiring about someone's opinion, view or appraisal on a
express inquiring about someone's opinion, view or appraisal on a certain matter or fact with the action verb.certain matter or fact with the action verb. In this case, the subject of
In this case, the subject of the sentence is always the first person, singular or the sentence is always the first person, singular or plural.plural.
우리
우리 거기에서거기에서 만만날날까요까요?? Shall we meet there?Shall we meet there? 무엇을
늦
늦었으니까었으니까 비비행기행기로로 갈까요갈까요?? Because we are late, shall we go by airplane?Because we are late, shall we go by airplane? When used with the adjectives, or with '
When used with the adjectives, or with '있다있다(to exist)' or '(to exist)' or '이다이다(to be)', the subject of the(to be)', the subject of the sentence is the third person, and it express doubt or polite denial.
sentence is the third person, and it express doubt or polite denial. 한국어가
한국어가 가가 재미있을까요재미있을까요?? Will Korean be interesting?Will Korean be interesting?
(or You say Korean is interesting ?) (or You say Korean is interesting ?) 이게
이게 더더 나을까요나을까요?? Will this one be better?Will this one be better?
도서관이
도서관이 저기에저기에 있을까요있을까요?? Will the library be over there?Will the library be over there?
(Do you think the library is over there?) (Do you think the library is over there?)
2.
2. The Propositive '-(The Propositive '-(으으))ㅂㅂ시다시다' : let's --(propositive)' : let's --(propositive) This form is used to expressing theThis form is used to expressing the subject's suggestion with the action verbs and the
subject's suggestion with the action verbs and the verb of existence 'verb of existence '있다있다'. It cannot be used with ''. It cannot be used with '이다이다' nor with' nor with adjectives.
adjectives.
빨리
빨리 갑시다갑시다.. Let's go quickly.Let's go quickly. 한국어를
한국어를 공부공부합합시다시다.. Let's study Korean.Let's study Korean. 여기에
여기에 있있읍읍시다시다.. Let's stay here.Let's stay here. 기
기차로차로 갑시다갑시다.. Let's go by train.Let's go by train. 이
이번번 주말에주말에 만납시다만납시다.. Let's meet this weekend.Let's meet this weekend.
'-'- 읍읍시다시다.' is used after verb stems ending in a consonant..' is used after verb stems ending in a consonant. 먹
먹((다다) + -) + -읍읍시다시다 ;; 먹먹읍읍시다시다..
'-'- ㅂㅂ시다시다.' is used after verb stems ending in a vowel..' is used after verb stems ending in a vowel. 가
가((다다) +) + ㅂㅂ 시다시다 ;; 갑시다갑시다.. In plain speech style(
In plain speech style(반말반말), with children and sometimes with close friends you can ), with children and sometimes with close friends you can use theuse the form
'-form '-자자' instead of '-' instead of '-아아//어어//여여'.'. Drop the
'-Drop the '-요요' of the informal polite speech style ending ' of the informal polite speech style ending '-'-아아//어어//여요여요'. Here are some examples;'. Here are some examples; 빨리
빨리 가자가자.. Let's go quickly.Let's go quickly. 한국어를
한국어를 공부하자공부하자.. Let's study Korean.Let's study Korean. 여기에
여기에 있자있자.. Let's stay here.Let's stay here. 기
기차로차로 가자가자.. Let's go by train.Let's go by train. 이
3.
3. The Connective '-(The Connective '-(으으))러러' : in order to' : in order to
The connective '-(
The connective '-(으으))러러' is used to express the purpose ' is used to express the purpose of the subject's action and is followed byof the subject's action and is followed by either '
either '가다가다'(to go), ''(to go), '오다오다'(to come) or their compounds, or any v'(to come) or their compounds, or any verb which indicates movement,erb which indicates movement, such as '
such as '다니다다니다'(to go and come '(to go and come regularly).regularly).
저는
저는 어제어제 책을책을 사러사러 서점에서점에 갔어요갔어요.. I went to a bookstore (in order) to I went to a bookstore (in order) to buy abuy a book yesterday.
book yesterday.
((저는저는)) 공원에공원에 운운동하러동하러 왔어요왔어요.. I came to the park I came to the park (in order) to exercise.(in order) to exercise. 수영하러
수영하러 갈까요갈까요?? Shall we go for a swim?Shall we go for a swim? 탐
탐이이 놀놀러러 올올 거예요거예요.. Tom will come (in order) to play.Tom will come (in order) to play. As you see the above examples,
'-As you see the above examples, '-러러' is used after verb stems ending in ' is used after verb stems ending in a vowel or thea vowel or the consonant '
consonant 'ㄹㄹ'. On the other hand, '-'. On the other hand, '-으러으러' is used after verb stems ending in ' is used after verb stems ending in all consonants exceptall consonants except ''ㄹㄹ'.'.
Tense and negation are expressed with the verbs
Tense and negation are expressed with the verbs 가다가다 or or 오다오다, but not in the verb connected to '-, but not in the verb connected to '-((으으))러러'.'.
안나씨는
안나씨는 책을책을 사러사러 갔어요갔어요 Anna went to buy a book.Anna went to buy a book. 안나씨는
안나씨는 밥을밥을 먹으러먹으러 가지가지 않았어요않았어요.. Anna didn't go to eat.Anna didn't go to eat. 4.
4.The pattern '-(The pattern '-(으으))ㄹ게요ㄹ게요' : I will do --' : I will do -- This form is used for expressing the speaker'sThis form is used for expressing the speaker's intention or plan or promise. It is used with
intention or plan or promise. It is used with action verbs as well as with the verbaction verbs as well as with the verb 있다있다, but not, but not with adjectives.
with adjectives. 제가
제가 할게요할게요.. I will do it.I will do it. 거기에서
거기에서 기다릴게요기다릴게요.. I will wait (for you) over there.I will wait (for you) over there. 내일
내일 갈게요갈게요.. I will go tomorrow.I will go tomorrow. 제가
제가 도와도와 드릴게요드릴게요.. I will help you.I will help you.
LESSON 8
LESSON 8
1.
1.The pattern' -The pattern' -고고싶어하다싶어하다' : want to do -, would like to -' : want to do -, would like to - This pattern `-This pattern `-고고 싶어싶어 하다하다' is used' is used to express desires in third person
to express desires in third person subject statements and questions with all verbs and `subject statements and questions with all verbs and `있다있다'.'.
안나씨가
안나씨는
안나씨는 집에집에 가고가고 싶어싶어 해요해요.. Anna wants to go to home.Anna wants to go to home. 앤
앤디씨가디씨가 무엇을무엇을 먹고먹고 싶어싶어 해요해요?? What does Andy want to eat?What does Andy want to eat? 앤
앤디씨는디씨는 불불고기를고기를 먹고먹고 싶어싶어 해요해요.. Andy wants to eat Bulgogi.Andy wants to eat Bulgogi. Tense is expressed in the verb `
Tense is expressed in the verb `싶어싶어 하다하다', such as `', such as `싶어싶어 했어요했어요'' 미나씨가
미나씨가 어디에어디에 가고가고 싶어싶어 했어요했어요 ?? Where did Mina want to go ?Where did Mina want to go ? 집에
집에 가고가고 싶어싶어 했어요했어요 She wanted to go home.She wanted to go home. Negation is expressed in the verb `
Negation is expressed in the verb `싶어싶어 하다하다' with `-' with `-지지 않다않다', such as `', such as `싶어싶어 하지하지 않아요않아요'.'. 미나씨가
미나씨가 집에집에 가고가고 싶어싶어 했어요했어요 ?? Did Mina want to go home ?Did Mina want to go home ? 아니오
아니오,, 집에집에 가고가고 싶어싶어 하지하지 않았어요않았어요.. No, she didn't want to go home. No, she didn't want to go home.
2.
2. The pattern '-The pattern '-ㄹㄹ줄줄 알다알다//모르다모르다' : One knows (doesn't know) how to do ' : One knows (doesn't know) how to do sthsth ThisThis pattern is used to express the knowledge or lack of knowledge of a technique or process of doing pattern is used to express the knowledge or lack of knowledge of a technique or process of doing
something. something.
자동
자동차차 운운전할전할 줄줄 알아요알아요((아세요아세요) ?) ? Do you know how to drive ?Do you know how to drive ? 네
네,, 운운전할전할 줄줄 알아요알아요.. Yes, I know how to drive.Yes, I know how to drive. 아니오
아니오,, 운운전할전할 줄줄 몰몰라요라요.. No, I don't know how to drive. No, I don't know how to drive. 피아노를
피아노를 칠칠 줄줄 알아요알아요((아세요아세요) ?) ? Do you know how to play the piano ?Do you know how to play the piano ? 네
네,, 칠칠 줄줄 알아요알아요.. Yes, I know how to play.Yes, I know how to play. 아니오
아니오,, 칠칠 줄줄 몰몰라요라요.. No, I don't know how to play. No, I don't know how to play. The Tense is expressed with the verb '
The Tense is expressed with the verb '알다알다//모르다모르다`.`. 피아노를
피아노를 칠칠 줄줄 알았어요알았어요.. ((그런데그런데 지금은지금은 칠칠 줄줄 몰몰라요라요.).)
I knew how to play the piano. I knew how to play the piano. (But, now I don't know how
(But, now I don't know how to play.)to play.) 피아노를
피아노를 칠칠 줄줄 몰랐몰랐어요어요.. ((그런데그런데 지금은지금은 칠칠 줄줄 알아요알아요.)..).
I didn't know how to play the piano. I didn't know how to play the piano. (But, now I know how to
(But, now I know how to play.)play.)
3.
When the verb '
When the verb '주다주다' and its respectful counterpart '' and its respectful counterpart '드리다드리다'(to give) are used in the pattern '-'(to give) are used in the pattern '-아아// 어
어//여여 주다주다((드리다드리다)', it expresses the speaker's request for something or offer to do something)', it expresses the speaker's request for something or offer to do something for someone else. '
for someone else. '주다주다' is used for a request or offer to ' is used for a request or offer to a social equal or inferior.a social equal or inferior.
저를
저를 도와도와 주시주시겠겠어요어요 ?? Would you be kind enough to help me ?Would you be kind enough to help me ? (Will you help me ?)
(Will you help me ?) 이것을
이것을 읽어읽어 주세요주세요.. Please read this for me.Please read this for me. 내가
내가 도와도와 줄줄게게.. I will help you.(to an inferior)I will help you.(to an inferior)
''드리다드리다' is used when the speaker ' is used when the speaker makes an offer or request to a makes an offer or request to a social superior, or in anysocial superior, or in any situation when the speaker wants to b
situation when the speaker wants to be polite.e polite. 도와
도와 드릴까요드릴까요 ?? Shall I help you ?Shall I help you ? 제가
제가 도와도와 드리드리겠겠어요어요.. I will help you.I will help you. 안나한테
안나한테 읽어읽어 드리세요드리세요.. Please read it for Anna.Please read it for Anna.
4.
4. '-'-르르' irregular verbs' irregular verbs 1. When '1. When '르르' of the verb stem is followed by the vowel '-' of the verb stem is followed by the vowel '-어어' and' and preceded by the vowels
'- preceded by the vowels '-아아-' or '--' or '-오오-', it is changed into '-', it is changed into '라라'. And the consonant '-'. And the consonant '-ㄹㄹ' is added to' is added to the preceding syllable.
the preceding syllable.
모르다
모르다 ( not to know)( not to know) -->--> 몰몰라요라요 빠르다
빠르다 ( to be fast)( to be fast) -->--> 빨라요빨라요 다르다
다르다 ( to be different)( to be different) -->--> 달달라요라요 저는
저는 영어를영어를 몰몰라요라요.. I don't know English well.I don't know English well. 비
비행기는행기는 빨라요빨라요.. The plane is fast.The plane is fast. 전화
전화번번호가호가 달달라요라요.. The phone number is different.The phone number is different. 2. When '
2. When '르르' of the verb stem is followed ' of the verb stem is followed by the vowel '-by the vowel '-어어' and preceded by any other vowel' and preceded by any other vowel than
'-than '-아아-' or '--' or '-오오', it is changed into '-', it is changed into '-러러'. Then the consonant '-'. Then the consonant '-ㄹㄹ' is added to the preceding' is added to the preceding syllabel.
syllabel.
부르다
부르다( to sing)( to sing):: 노래를노래를 부르세요부르세요.. Sing a song.Sing a song. 기르다
기르다( to bring up)( to bring up):: 저는저는 어어렸렸을을 때때,, 강아지를강아지를 길렀습
길렀습니다니다
I raised a puppy when I was I raised a puppy when I was little. little. 누 누르다르다( to press)( to press):: 문을문을 열고열고 싶어요싶어요?? 그러면 그러면,, 여기를여기를 눌눌러러 주세요주세요..
Do you want to open the Do you want to open the door? Then press here, door? Then press here,
please. please. LESSON 9
LESSON 9
1.
1.The ending '-The ending '-ㅂㅂ//습습니다니다'' People use this formal polite speech style when they speak People use this formal polite speech style when they speak to strangers,to strangers, casual acquaintances, superiors, their elders, and
casual acquaintances, superiors, their elders, and social inferiors in formal situations.social inferiors in formal situations. 1.1 The formation of 1.1 The formation of
present tense
present tense The declarative verb form is made by attaching '-The declarative verb form is made by attaching '-ㅂㅂ//습습니다니다' to the verb stem' to the verb stem and
'-and '-ㅂㅂ//습습니까니까?' must be attached to the ?' must be attached to the verb stem to make the interrogative verb verb stem to make the interrogative verb form. '-form. '-ㅂㅂ니니 다
다/-/-ㅂㅂ니까니까?' is used after verb stems (or the honorific infix -?' is used after verb stems (or the honorific infix -시시-) ending in a vowel and '-) ending in a vowel and '습습니다니다// 습
습니까니까?' after verb stems ending in a consonant.?' after verb stems ending in a consonant. 가다
가다:: 가가 ++ ㅂㅂ니다니다//ㅂㅂ니다니다 갑니다갑니다//갑니까갑니까?? 묻다
묻다:: 묻묻 ++ 습습니다니다// 묻묻습습니다니다// 묻묻습습니까니까?? 감
감사사합합니다니다 Thank youThank you 기분이
기분이 좋좋습습니다니다 I feel goodI feel good 1.2 The formation of past tense
1.2 The formation of past tense The declarative form is formed by attaching '-The declarative form is formed by attaching '-았았((었었//였였)) 습
습니다니다' to the verb stem and ' to the verb stem and the interrogative form is made by adding '-the interrogative form is made by adding '-았았((었었//였였))습습니까니까? to the? to the verb stem. The declarative form is made
verb stem. The declarative form is made the same way as the past tense othe same way as the past tense of the informal politef the informal polite speech style. '
speech style. '습습니다니다//습습니까니까?' is attached to '-?' is attached to '-았았//었었//였였' instead of '-' instead of '-어요어요'.'. 만나다 만나다:: 만나만나 ++ 았았습습니다니다//았았 습 습니까니까?? 만났만났습습니다니다//만났만났습습니까니까?? (contraction)(contraction) 주다 주다:: 주주 ++ 었었습습니다니다//었었습습니니 까 까?? 주었주었습습니다니다//주었주었습습니까니까?? 줬습 줬습니다니다//줬습줬습니까니까?? (contraction) (contraction) 하다 하다:: 하하 ++ 였였습습니다니다//였였습습니니 까 까?? 했했습습니다니다//했했습습니까니까?? (contraction)(contraction) 어제
어제 음악음악회회가가 좋았좋았습습니다니다.. The music concert was good yesterdayThe music concert was good yesterday 수업이
수업이 언제언제 끝났끝났습습니까니까?? When did the class end?When did the class end? 어제
어제 피피곤곤했했습습니다니다.. I was tired yesterday.I was tired yesterday. 1.3 The formation of future tense
1.3 The formation of future tense The declarative form is formed by attaching '(The declarative form is formed by attaching '(으으))ㄹㄹ 겁
겁니다니다' to the verb stem and ' to the verb stem and the interrogative form is made by adding '(the interrogative form is made by adding '(으으))ㄹㄹ 겁겁니까니까?' to the?' to the verb stem. verb stem. 보다 보다:: 보보 ++ ㄹㄹ 겁겁니다니다 볼볼 겁겁니다니다.. 먹다 먹다 ::먹먹 ++ 을을 겁겁니다니다 먹을먹을 겁겁니다니다 저는
그
그냥냥 두세요두세요.. 괜찮괜찮을을 겁겁니다니다.. Just leave it. It will be O.K.Just leave it. It will be O.K. 1.4 The formation of the imperative form
1.4 The formation of the imperative form The imperative verb form is made byThe imperative verb form is made by attaching '-(
attaching '-(으으))십시오십시오' to the verb stem. '-' to the verb stem. '-십시오십시오' is used after verb stems ending in ' is used after verb stems ending in a vowel anda vowel and ''으십시오으십시오' after verb stems ending in a consonant' after verb stems ending in a consonant
오다 오다 :: 오오 ++ 십시오십시오 오십시오 오십시오.. 입다 입다 :: 입입 ++ 으십시오으십시오.. 입으십시오입으십시오.. 어서
어서 오십시오오십시오.. Come on in.Come on in. 다음
다음 장을장을 읽으십시오읽으십시오.. Read the next chapter.Read the next chapter.
2.
2. The pattern '-(The pattern '-(으으))ㄹㄹ 수수 있다있다//없다없다' ' : can/cannot : can/cannot do, be do, be able to able to do/not be do/not be able to able to dodo
The pattern
-The pattern -ㄹㄹ//을을 수수 있다있다//없다없다 is used with verbs and indicates ability,capability,possibility or is used with verbs and indicates ability,capability,possibility or permission.
permission. (1) -(1) - ㄹㄹ 수수 있다있다 ; It is used when the verb ; It is used when the verb stem ends in a vowel:stem ends in a vowel: I Innffiinniittiivve e FFoorrmm FFoorrmmaattiioonn IInnfflleecctteed d FFoorrmm 가 가((다다)) 가가
+ -
+ -
ㄹㄹ 수수 있다있다/
/
없다없다 갈갈 수수 있어요있어요//없어요없어요 사 사((다다)) 사사+ -
+ -
ㄹㄹ 수수 있다있다/
/
없다없다 살살 수수 있어요있어요//없어요없어요 주 주((다다)) 주주+ -
+ -
ㄹㄹ 수수 있다있다/
/
없다없다 줄줄 수수 있어요있어요//없어요없어요 (2)(2) --을을 수수 있다있다 ; It is used when the verb stem ends in a consonant:; It is used when the verb stem ends in a consonant: I Innffiinniittiivve e FFoorrmm FFoorrmmaattiioonn IInnfflleecctteed d FFoorrmm 먹 먹((다다)) 먹먹 + -+ -을을 수수 있다있다//없다 없다 먹먹을을 수수 있어요있어요//없어요없어요 입 입((다다)) 입입 + -+ -을을 수수 있다있다//없다 없다 입입을을 수수 있어요있어요//없어요없어요 잡 잡((다다)) 잡잡 + -+ -을을 수수 있다있다//없다없다 잡잡을을 수수 있어요있어요//없어요없어요 The past tense form
`-The past tense form `-았았//었었//였였-' and the future tense form `--' and the future tense form `-ㄹㄹ//을을 거에요거에요' are combined' are combined with the final verb `
with the final verb `있다있다//없다없다'' 갈
갈 수수 있있었었어어요 요 먹먹을을 수수 있었어요있었어요 갈
갈 수수 있을있을 거에요거에요 먹을먹을 수수 있을있을 거에요거에요
3.