Notes on Austro-Hungarian Fuzes

i

U

F

760

^OTES

n\

austko-hunCtARian

fuzes:

*

NOVEMBER,

1917.

ir

Prepared

by

the/

General

Staff,

War

Office,

MJ.

3

(b).

LONDON:

PEINTHD UNDER THE AUTHORITY OFHIS MAJESTY'S STATIONKRY OFFICE,

BY

HARRISON

AND SONS,45-47, ST.Martin's Lank, W-C.2, Printbrs in Ordinary to HisMajesty.

•APPENDIX.

CONVERSION

TABLES.

ADDENDUM

No.

*r. •:

February,

19(18.

AMENDMENTS

TO

*'

_NOTES

_ON

AUSTRO-HUNGARIAN

FUZES."

Page 5

—

The

following table shouldbe usedinsteadof_{that given}:

—

TABLE

OF FUZES

AND

PROJECTILES

USED

WITH

VARIOUS

GUNS,

HOWITZERS

AND

MORTARS.

Piece. Fuzes. Projectiles.

3*7 cm. Infantry

Gun

(cahbre 37 mm.). In-fanterie Eohrrucklauf-geschiltz 3-7 cm, A.A. Gun, M. 14 and_{16 (calibre}37

_mm.)

(?)4*5cm. InfantryGun.... (?) 5'4 cm. A.AI! Gim, M. 16 (calibre 54 mm.). (Schnellfeuersteilgeschiitz) (?) 5*6cm. Mountain Gun, M. (?) (calibre 56 mm.). Gebirgskanone 6cm. Gun,M.98incase-"" mate (calibre57 mm.).

K

ase

ma

11kanone 6 cm. Gun, M.98,infixed or movable turret (calibre57 mm.). Fahr-panzerkavone J 6_{cm. Gun,}M. 99,in case-mate(calibre57 mm.). 6*5 cm. Italian Momitain

Gun

7cm.ItalianMountain

Gun

7 cm.MountainGun, M.99,I 8,9and 15(16?) (calibre\ 72'5mm.). Gebirgskanone\ M. 98 M. 956 M.98 Minengranate, M.14and 15. Brisantsgranate. Shrapnel. Star-shell. Powder-filled shell,, M. 98. Shrapnel, M. 98/95. Case-shot. Powder-filled M.98. shell. Ekrasit and5. Shrapnel,M. 99 shell, M. 99 M. 99, 7 cm. (with gaine) M.99,7

cm

Note.

—

The more_{important guns}are_printedin _heavytype.

7

cm. A.A. Gun, L/30 on

^

lorry. K.L.Fa.Kan.

Krajtwagenluftfahrzeug-abwehrkanone

7_{cm. Coast Defence Gmi,} L/42. Kiistenkanone 7*5 cm. Mountain Gun,

M. 15 (16?) (caUbre75 mm.)

7'6cm. Italian Field

Gun

(calibre75

mm.)

8 cm.FieldGun, M. 5 and

5/8 (calibre 76*5 mm). Feldkanone 8cm.FortressGun, M. 5-^ and _{5/9 (calibre} 76*5

mm

.) Minimal -schartenkanone 8_{cm. Gim, M.} 2,inturret (calibre mm.). Senk-panzerkanone 8cm. Gun,M. 95,in case-mate _(calibre 75 _mm.). Kasemattkanone 8 cm. Gun, M.94,in case-mate (calibre 75 mm.). Kasemattkanone

8cm.old FieldGun, M.75,

fixed ormovable arma-ment(calibre75mm.). 8 cm. _gun, M. 94, in' cupola (calibre 75 mm.). Panzerkanone 8cm. Gun, M. 94and98, in casemate (calibre 75 _mm.). Minimal- ^ schartenkanone 8cm.Fortress_Gun,M.94 on shielded _carriage (calibre 75 mm.). Panzerkanone 8 cm. _captured Russian

Field

Gun

(calibre

M.97 .... M.95a .... 7 cm.,M. 15 M.5 (with gaine) M.8 (with gaine) M. 8b .... M.5 M. 8 M. 8b .... Clockwork E.K.Z. 16 E.K.Z. 17 M.2 M. 75 .... M. 75/85c M. 75 ... M. 75 M. 85 M.75 M.95 ^ell,M. 98. Shrapnel,M.98.

Universalshell {Schrap-nellgranate). Shell. Shrapnel. y

Ammonal

shell, M. 5 J and8.

\

Shrapnel, M. 6 and 8. J

Long

H.E.shell,M.14(?) "

Bluecross" gasshell.

"Yellowcross" gasshell.

Shrapnel,M.2. Case-shot. I Segment shell, M. 75. I Shrapnel, M. 75/86c. ? Segmentshell, M. 75. Segmentshell, M. 75. Shrapnel, M.75/85. Case-shot. Segmentshell,M. 94. Shrapnel, M. 96/95 and and_94/95. Case-shot.

8 cm. A.A. Gun, M. 14

L.Fa.Kan.{Lufifahrzeug

abwehrkanone)

9 cm. old Field Gun,

M. 75and 75/96 (cali-bre 87

mm.)

9 cm.

Gun

incasemate, M.75/4and11 10-4 cm. Light Field' Howitzer,M.99,14 and 16 (calibre 104 mm.). Leichte Feldhaubitze) 10*4 cm. Howitzer in cupola,M.99, 5,6and 9 (calibre 104

mm.)

Panzerhaubitze) 10*4 cm. Mountain

How-itzer, M. 99, 8, 10 and 16 (caUbre 105 nam.). Gehirgshaubitze 10*2 cm.

Heavy

Italian

Gun

10*4cm.HeavyGun,M.14, 15 and 12/16 (calibre 104mm.) 10*5 cm. Heavy German Gun, K. 04 (calibre 105 mm.) (?) 10-5 cm. Turkish Howitzer 12 cm.HeavyGun, M.80 (calibre120mm.) 12 cm. Fortress

Gun

in turret, or casemate, M. 80 and 96 (calibre 120 _mm.). Minimal-schartenkanone 12 cm. Gun, M. 61 and 61/95, Reserve of H.A. (calibre120

mm.)

13cm.

Heavy

Gun, M. (?) (calibre

mm)

M.75 .... 91aandb 96 96 aandc 96 .... I M. 99, 10 cm. (with gaine) M.9, 10cm. ... M. 99,10cm. ... M.99b 10 cm.,M. 14 ... E.H.Z. 17 10 cm.,M. 14 Gr.Z. 94 H.Z. Vst. 14 Dopp.Z. 92 M.80 M. 6, 12 cm. (with gaine) M. 12 b _(with gaine) M.9 M. 126 M.93 a M.61 ... M.66 ... 66/85K. 80K. .... _J M. 1andI a ..

\

Segmentshell,M. 75.

Powder-filled steel shell

M. 75. Shrapnel,M. 75, 91 and 96. Case-shot.

Ammonal

shell, M. 99, and5. Ekrasit shell, M. 10/9 and14/9. Shrapnel,M.99. Star-shell,M. 6/996. Universalshell. "_Yellow cross" gas shell. Universalshell. Shrapnel. Shellsteel,M. 14. 10cm. Gr.96. Shrapnel96. Powder-filledshell,M.80. Ekrasitshell, M. 80. Steelshell,M.12. Steelshell,M.14/9. Shrapnel,M. 12. Shrapnel,M.80/93a. Case-shot. Shrapnel,M. 61. Shrapnel,M.66and78. Shell,M. 61. (B13642)

a2

15 cm. Mortar, M. 78 (calibre 149"1 mm.). 152 cm.

Heavy

Gmi, M.15 Belagerungskanone 18 cm. Short Gun, M. 80 (calibre180mm). Belagerungs kanone 21 cm. Mortar, M. 80

(Coast defence)andM.16

(calibre mm.)

Kiisten-viorserorMorser.

21 cm. Coast Defence Gun,

L/20. Kiistenkanone

21cm.

Heavy

Italian

How-itzer 24 em.Mortar,M.98, 98/7, 95/10 and 10/5 (calibre 240 mm,). Morser. 24 cm. Gun,M.16(calibre

mm.

). kanone

24 cm. Coast Defence

Gun

L/22 28 cm. Howitzer, M. (calibre mm.). Belagerungshaubitze M. 1and1 a ... M.75 M.93 a M. 80 and_66/85 K. M.75_(with adap-ter) M. 99 a Clockwork M. 80 M.6,18 cm.(with gaine) M. 12 M. 12 M. 93 a {Er-gilnzungsziinder). M. 80 M. 6,21

cm

M. 99a M. 99 M.9,24 cm. M. 99 a.... ? M. 9, 24 cm.... Clockwork _Dopp, Z. 16 24 cm. G.Z. Powder-filledshell,M.16. Powder-filledshell,M.7. Shrapnel, M. 78/93 a. Shrapnel, M. 66and 78. Percussion_-shrapnel, M. 66and78. Starshell,M.6/99a. Shrapnel. Powder-filled shell, M. 80. Ekrasit_shell,M. 80. Steelshell,M.12. Steel shrapnel,M. 12. Shrapnel,M. 80/93a. Powder-filled shell,M.80.

E

krasitbomhe,M. 98. Starshell,M. 99a. Ekraaithomhe,M.99.

E

krasitbomhe, M. and_6/9. Starshell,M.99a. ?Ekrastibombe,M.98/9 and_6/9. Ziindgranate.

28cm. Coast DefenceGun,

Insert_{the following}listof "Abbreviations:

—

LIST

OF

ABBREVIATIONS.

Abbreviation. Signification. Englishequivalent.

Afterline]5,add

—

21 cm. Coast Defence Mortar,

M.

73;

maximum

range, 5,000

metres.

Page14

—

1880

Pattern

Percussion Fuze.

Line 12.

—

_After "15 cm. Coast Defence Gun, L/35," add

—

Maximum

range, 9,000 metres.

Page

18—

1906

Pattern

Percussion Fuze.

Line

11.—

After

"

21 cm.CoastDefence Mortar" insert "1873";

and

add

—

Maximum

_{range of}1880model, 7,200 metres.

Page

28—

1909

Pattern

Base

Percussion

Fuze.

Afterline 9, insert:

—

"21

cm. Coast Defence Mortar, M. 73.

Max.

range, 5,000 metres.

(?)21 cm.Mortar,

M.

16."

Line

11.—

i^or"6,500metres"read"7,200 metres."

Page

30—

30*5

cm. Base

Percussion Fuze.

Line

^.—For

"12,800metres"read"_{9,500 metres."} Afterline_9,insert:

—

•

"This fuze is _possibly identical with the 30*5 cm.

Zilnd-vorrichtung (Z.V.,M.8) used with 30'5 cm. Coast Defence

Gun

L/40; range, 18,000 metres.

On

theblank_{pages following}page3d, insert:

—

1896

Pattern Percussion Fuze.

Designation.

—

G.Z. M. 96.

Used

with,

—

15 cm. Coast Defence

Gun

L/40 (max. range, 10,000 metres)with shells,

M.

97/95and 98/96.

Graduations

.

—

None. Material.

—

Brass.

Shell

M.

97/8a, withfalse _cap

and

Base-percussion fuze 15 cm.

Z.V.,

M.

8,isalsoused; aswellas shellM.98/8a.

1897

Pattern Percussion Fuze.

Designation.

—

G.Z.

M.

97.

Used

with.—

7 cm. Coast Defence Gun, L/42 (max. range, 6,000 metres),withshell

M.

98.

Graduations

.

—

^None.

Material

.

—

Brass.

Remarks.

—

1898

Pattern Percussion Fuze.

Designation.

—

G.Z.

M.

98.

Used

"with.

—

6 cm.

Gun

in_casemate,

M.

98 and9.

6 cm.

Gun

in

movable

_turret,

M

_98, with 1898_pattern shell.

Max.

range, 1,500 metres.

Graduations

.

—

Nil. Material.

—

Brass.

Remarks.

—

1899

Pattern Percussion Fuze.

Designation.—

G.Z.

M.

99.

Used

with.

—

21 cm. Coast Defence Mortar,

M.

80, with steel

"

Bombe,"

M. 80;

max.

range, 7,200 metres.

Graduations

.

—

Nil. Material.

—

Remarks.

24

cm.

Percussion Fuze.

Designation.

—

G.Z. 24

cm.

Used

with.

—

•

21 cm. Coast Defence

Gun,

L/20; range, 4,000 metres.

24 cm. Coast Defence

Gun,

L/22; range, 6,000 metres.

28 cm. Coast Defence Gun, L/22; range, 13,500 metres.

Graduations

.

—

Nil. Material.

—

28

cm.

Percussion Fuze.

Designation.

—

28cm.G.Z.

Used

with.

—

28 cm.CoastDefence Gun, L/35 and L/35a andh;

max.

range, 13,500 metres.

Graduations

.

—

Nil.

Material.

Remarks.

—

•

1916

Pattern

German

Instantaneous

.

Gun

Fuze.

Designation.

—

E.K.Z. 16 (Empfindlicher Kanonenzunder).

Used

with.

—

8cm.Field

Gun

M.

5

and

5/8with *'

BlueCross" gasshell ("sneezing"gas "); range, 8,300 metres.

Graduations

.

—

Material

—

Remarks.

—

See "Notes on

German

Fuzes." (2ndEdition.)

1917

Pattern

German

Instantaneous

Gun

Fuze.

Designation.

—

E.K.Z. 17 {Empfindlicher Kanonenzunder).

Used

with.

—

8cm.Field

Gun

M.

5and5/8with"YellowCross" gasshell ("mustardgas"); range, 8,300 metres.

Graduations.

—

None. Material.

Remarks.

—

See"Notes on

German

Fuzes." (2ndEdition.)

1917

Pattern

German

Instantaneous

Howitzer

Fuze.

Designation.

—

E.H.Z. 17 (Empfindlicher Haubitzziinder).

Used

^vith.

—

10.4_{cm. Light}Field Howitzer,M. 99,14and16. 10.4cm. MountainHowitzer,

M.

99,8,10

and

16with

"

Yellow

Cross"

_("mustard

_gas") shell.

Graduations

.

—

Material.

—

Hexnarks.

—

See"Notes on Grerman Fuzes/

Page

60—

1875

Pattern

Time

Fuze.

Line 2.~F(yr"1894"read"1895."

Line 3.

—

For"2,600metres"read "3,000 metres.

Page

52

—

1880

Pattern

Time

Fuze.

I^nes4and

5.—

After "

12cm.and 15cm.

Guns

(1861

and

61_/95)"

insert:

"

Max. _{range, 4,000 metres."} Line

1.—

After " 16cm.Mortar(1878) " insert: "

Max.

range, 2,800 metres."

56—

1891

Pattern

Time

and

Percussion

Fuze.

Lines 4and

Q.~For

"3,375metres" read"_{4,800 metres."}

Page

58—

1893

_{Pattern^Time and}

Percussion Fuze.

Line 8.

—

After "

16cm.Howitzerin_cupola"insert:

"

Max.

range, 5,800 metres."

Line 11 :

Far"

_3,200metres

"_read"

2,800 metres."

Tableat

bottom

of_page3,

column

3.

—

For"5,900metres" read

"

Page

62—

1895

Pattern

Time

and

Percussion

Fuze.

Remarks.

—

Insert'. T.

and

P. fuze M. 95a is used with

shrapnelM. 98 for 7 cm. Coast Defence

Gun

L/42; range,

3,600 metres.

Page

66—

1896

Pattern

Time

and

Percussion

Fuze.

Line 1.

—

Designation.

—

After "

96a"insert "966."

Line 14.

—

Remarks.

—

Add

"

M.

966 is used with Shrapnel,

M.97/966for 15 cm. Coast Defence

Gun,

L/40; range, 6,000 metres.

On

oneoftheblank pagesat

end

ofbookinsert:

—

Clockwork

Time

Fuze.

Designation

.

—

Used

with.

—

8cm.FieldGun,

M.

5 and5/8,withlongH.E.shell,M. 14(?)

15.2cm.

Heavy

Gun, M. 15;withshrapnel, rangeabout20,000 metres.

(?)24 cm. SiegeGun, M. 16.

Graduations.

—

*' '^ *

Material.

—

_Body, brass; cap, housing, steel; housing for

per-cussion system, aluminium.

Remarks.

—

The

clockwork fuzes which are _being tried in the

Austro-Hungarian

army

are _probably of

German

manufacture

(See "

Notes on

German

Fuzes," 1918 edition, and

"

Re-portson

Enemy

Ammunition,"

No. 20 (September, 1917),

published

by

the Ministryof Munitions.

15.2 _{cm. guns} identified on the Italian front at

Ca

Vecchia (Monte Cimone) have shelledThiene at_{a range} of 17

km.

and

Villaverla (about 20 km.), with shrapnel fuzed with aclockworkfuze.

NOTES

AUSTIIO-HUNGARIAN

FUZES

NOVEMBER,

1917.

Qt/^^ih

Prepared

by

the

General

Staff.

LONDON:

PRINTED UNDER THE AUTHORITY OF HIS MAJESTY'S STATIONERY OFFICE,

BY

HARRISON

AND SONS,45-47, ST.MARTIN'S LANE, W-C.2, Printers in Ordinaryto His Majesty.

CONTENTS.

Preface ....

List ofAustro -HungarianArtilleryFuzes

Table showing Fuzes and _Projectiles used with HowitzersandMortars ....

Marks onAustrianFuzes

Note ontheMetalsused Austro -HungarianArtilleryterms

Percussion Fuzes

TimeFuzes

Time

andPercussionFuzes ....

Conversion Tables

'^'

Guns, Page .. 5 .. 7 8 .. 9 .. 12 .. 46 .. 56 Covers. (b 1]931)

Wt.

w.

4412—PP69i

2250 2/18

H

«& S P. 17/939

These

"Notes" _{have been puttogether}

from

data provided

by

the Italian

and

Russian General Staffs,

and from

other soui'ces.

The

Dati e cenni su materiali delV Artiglieria Atistro-Ungarica,

by

Colonel Forni,has been of _{great value};

and

thanksareduetothe

Italian General Staff for _permissionto_reproduce the illustrations

fromthisbook.

The

details_{given here are necessarily incomplete};the

informationon certam _pointsis _conflicting

and

possibly inaccurate

Itis_hopedthatGeneralStafltOfficers,

and

all_{Artillery Officers}with

their batteries willdotheirutmosttoobtain additional information

onthe subjectof_{Austro -Hungarian}fuzes

and

forwarditto G.H.Q.

for transmission tothe

War

Office, sothat the

book

_may

be _kept

up

todate.

Fuzes are an_{invaluable guide} to

what

batteriesthe

_enemy

has

againstusin

any

particularsector;

and any

evidence as to the nature

and

calibre of the _{guns with which each}faze is_employed, will be particularlyuseful.

M.I. 3(b),

November, 1917.

f External. Nose-percussion | Percussion < [^Internal ^Base-percussion. M. 75(Fig. 1) .... M. 80(Fig. 2) .... M. 1_{(Fig. 3)} ... -(M. 1a M.6(Fig. 4) .... Gr.Z.04_(Fig.5) H.Z. 14(Fig. 6) 10-5cm.(Fig. 7) M.98(Fig. 8) .... I M.9_{(Fig. 9)} .... J 30-5cm. (Fig. 10) •• -^ 30-5cm.(Fig. 11) Time Un-Graduated Graduated Marked

"A"

Marked Timeand Percussion 38

cm

1^42

cm

fM.61 J M.66 ••• ]M.66/85K.(Fig. 12)... l^M. 80K.(Fig. 14) ...

/M.

75/85c.(Fig. 13) ... ••\M. 85 M. 91 a M. 91 b M. 93a(Fig.15) "S_{Ergdnzu7igszunder} (Fig I 16) IM.95(Fig. 17)

A

" and "V,"M. 95 b ... M. 96 M.96a(Fig. 18) M. 96c M. 99, 7cm.(Fig. 19)... M. 99, 10cm. (Fig.20) M. 99 a(Fig.21)

M

99b M.2 M. 5(Fig.22) 8bronze(Fig.23)... 8bronze(Fig.24)... 8 iron(Fig.25) ... 12(Fig.27) 12a(Fig.28) 12b(Fig.29) 12f_(Fig.30) Schrapnellgranate (Fig.31) ....

German

fuze,Dopp.-Z.92, 10

cm

(Fig.32)

Two

time-rings,M. 8

B

Zusatzladung(Fig.26)

One

Time^

Ring Marked "A,""

V

and"

K

' fuze K.

GUNS,

HOWITZERS

AND

MORTARS.

Piece. Projectiles.

3*7Trench

Gun

(calibre37

mm.)

6cm. Gun, M. 98,in

case-mate_mounting,or

mov-able turret (calibre 57

mm.) 6cm. Gun, M. 99, in case-mate 7cm.MountainGun,M.99, 8and9 (calibre 72.5mm.) 7.5cm.MountainGun,M.15

8cm.FieldGun,M.5and f

5/8(calibre 76.5

mm.)

^ 8 cm. Fortress Gun, (^

M.5and5/9

8 cm. Gun, in turret, M.2 8cm. Gun,M. 95,in

case-mate (old field gun,'75 pattern) (calibre75

mm.)

8cm. Gun,M. 94,in

case-mate (oldfieldgun)

8cm. old FieldGun, M. 75

(fixed ormovable

arma-ment) 8 cm. Gun, M. 94, in cupola 8_{cm. Guns, M. 94}and98, in casemate mountingsi' 8cm.FortressGun,M.94, \ onshielded carriage J 9 cm. old Field Guns,">

M. 75and75/96(calibre

87_mm.)

9 cm. Gun, M. 75/4,and

]1incasemate

mount-ing

10 cm.Light Field

How-itzer, M. 99 and 14 (calibre 104

mm.)

10 cm. Mountain

How-itzer,M.99,8,10and16 10 cm. Howitzer, in cupola,M.99,5,6and9^

Note.

—

The more im

M. 98 M. 95b M. 98 M. 99, 7 cm. (with gaine) M. 99,7cm. ... 7_cm.,M. 15 M. 5, 8 and 8 b (with gaines) M. 5,8and8b.... M.2 M. 75 M. 75/85c M. 75 M. 75 M. 85 M.75 M.95 M. 75 M.91a,91b,96, 96a, 96c M. 99, 10 cm. (with gaine) M.9 M.99, 10cm. ... M. 99b 10 cm., M. 14 ... Minengranate Brisants-granate Star-shell. Powder-filledshell,M.98. Shrapnel, M. 98/95, Caseshot. Powder-filledshell,M.98. Ekrasit shell, M. 99 and5. Shrapnel,M. 99. Schrapnellgranate (uni-versalshell).

Ammonal

shell, M. 5 and8. Shrapnel,M.5and8. Shrapnel,M. 2. Case-shot. Segmentshell,M.75. Shrapnel,M. 75/85c. Segmentshell,M.75. Segmentshell,M. 75. Shrapnel,M. 75/85. Caseshot. Segmeni shell,M. 94. Shrapnel, M. 96/95 and 94/95. Caseshot. Segment shell, M. 75. Powder-filled shell, M.75. Shrapnel,M. 75. 91and 96. Caseshot.

Ammonal

shell, M. 99 and5. Ekrasit shell, M. 10/9 and14. Shrapnel,M.99. Star-shell,M.6/99b. Universalshell.

for 10cm. Light FieldHowitzeror 10cm.MountainHowitzer.

Graduations

onthetime-rings of T.

and

P.fuzes are described

under each fuze. In the newer patterns they are all in hundreds

ofmetres; butolder fuzes have been

employed

against the Italian

front,e.g.,

M.

91a,

M.

916,inwhich_{the time-ring}

was

_graduatedin

hundreds_{of paces.} In_{the 1899-pattern fuze}for star-shells{M. 99a

and

M.

996)thegraduationisinhundrethsof_{the length}ofthe time-composition.

No

Austrian fuze appearstobegraduatedinseconds.

The

lettersA,

V

and

K

are_{engraved on the time-rings}of

most

T.

and

P. fuzes. Ofthese "

A

"indicates the_{setting forAufschlag,}

" percussion " ; " V," Vortempierung, an " anticipated burst,"

from 200to400 metres fromthemuzzle;

"

K,"

Kartdtschschrapnell,

a burstwithcase-shoteffect.

Incertaintimefuzes of _veryold_design,M._66/85

K

and

M. 80

K,

whicharesaid tohave been usedin this_{campaign with} the reserve

of _{heavy artillery (particularly in} mountain defence), the letter

K

signifiedthe qualityofpowderinthetime_{-composition, Kornpulver}

Before the combined Austro-German offensive in _Italy in the

AutiTmn_{of 1917,only}three

German

fuzeswere used

_by

the Austrians,

with 10-5 cm. guns of

German

make. These fuzes have _special

markings,

and

are described separately.

NOTE

ON

THE

METALS

USED.

The

raw

materialusedforfuzesintheAustro -HungarianArtillery

doesnot appearto_{have undergone}

much

_changesince_{the beginning} of the war.

The

metal is of_{good quality,}

and

the

_workmanship

generally proves to be accurate.

A

tendency to contain less bronze

and

brass has been observed

invarious fittings connected with other artillery material. These

metals _{are beingreplaced, in varying degrees,}

_by

steel

and

iron;

and by

ahard, whitemetal

_composed

ofan_alloyof zincwithsmall proportionsofcopper, lead

and

iron.

Copper,too,is_{being replaced}

by

thisalloy;

and

_layersorbandsofleadhave been notedin_parts

iSubject to pressure.

These changes have beennoticed_{also in projectiles of}

medium

calibre,datingfrom1915; but they havenot yet ledtothe_complete

disuse of bronze

and

brass in _fittings or _driving bands.

As

a

general rule, the driving

band

of an Austrian shell is ofcopper,

excellently cut,

and

withoutflaws, which proves that the metalis

uniform_{and compact}in texture,

and

that theriflingofthe

gun

is

Not

much

informationis available astobronze or brassinfuzes being replaced

by

othermetals; itwill beseen, however, that the 1908 _pattern time

and

percussion fuze is

now

_being

made

of iron

with _{brass time-ring (page} 86); while the Zusatzladung T.

and

P.

fuzeM. 8b, with

two

graduated brass ringsforuse with dilierent

charges {see page 88), is

made

of aleaden-coloured _alloy, covered

with varnish to look like brass or to _preserve it from oxidation. This fuzeisoneofthelatestto be_adopted

_by

the_{Austro -Hungarian}

Artillery; it

was

not

employed

against the Italians imtil 1916.

It cannot _{be too strongly} urged that

_any

new

facts which

_may

be brought to _{light, bearing}

on

the material

and

construction of

enemy

fuzes, should be reported as early as possible to G.H.Q.

TERMS

COMMONLY

USED

WITH AUSTRO-HUNGARIAN

FUZES.

Aufschlag.

—

Percussion (abbrev. "

A

"on_time-ring).

Auf

schlagsziinder.

—

Percussionfuze.

Bodenzunder.

—

Base_percussionfuze.

Doppelziinder.

—

Time and

percussionfuze. Ekrasit.^

—

_High

_explosive.

Ekrasitbombe.

—

H.E. shell used with 24-cm. mortar.

Ekrasitgranate.

—

Generally used for H.E. shell of all calibres,

except24cm.

Erganzungsziinder.

—

A

"supplementaryfuze," screwedover the

headofanother to increase therange over which time-shrapnel

may

be fired with it.

Feldhaubitze.

—

"FieldHowitzer"; thelightfieldhowitzer {leichte

Feldhaubitze) is of 10-cm. calibre; the

heavy

field howitzer

{Schwere FeldJmubitze), 15 cm.

Feldkanone.—

"Field

Gun

"(8 cm.).

Granate.—

"Shell."

Hatibitze.

—

"Howitzer."

Kanone.

—

"Gun."

Kartatschschrapnell.

—

"Case-shot." "

K

" on time-ring of T.

and

P. fuze indicates setting at whichcase-shoteffect

may

be

obtained.

Kornpiilver.

—

A

special powder used in the time-composition of

Leichttempierbar. Easily

which

_may

beset

_by

hand.

Leuchtschrapnell.

—

Star-shell (orLeuchtgranate).

Morser.

—

Mortar (abbreviation, Mrs.).

Muster.

—

Pattern (abbrev. M).

Panzerhatibitze.

—

Howitzer in _{cupola, or} with overhead shield.

Por

tee

.—

R

ange.

Schrapnelldoppelziinder.

—

T.

and

P. fuzeforshrapnel.

Schrapnellgranate.

—

Universalshell.

Umgearbeitet.

—

"Modified."

Verzogerung.—

Delayaction (only inGrerman-madefuzes).

Vorstecker.—"

_Safety-pin" (abbreviation, Vst., Vrst., or Vorst., in

German

fuzes).

Vortempierung.

—

Setting fuzefor "

anticipated burst," 200

—

400

metresfrommuzzle.

Zinnkupfer.

—

An

alloyof tin

and

copper, containing a small pro-portion of tin.

Ziinder.

—

Fuze.

Ziinderverzogerungsvorrichtung.

—

Arrangementfor_delayaction.

1875

Pattern Percussion

Fuze.

Designation.

—

^M. 75.

Used

-with.

—

8cm. (old) Field Gun, M. 75, fixedor

movable

armament.

8cm.fortressGmi, M. 94

and

95, incasemate. (Max.range with1875 patternshell,3,375metres.) 8cm. Gun, M. 94, incupola.

8_{cm. Gun, M.} 94

and

98incasemate.

8cm. Gun, M.94,onshielded_carriage.

(Max. range with 1894 pattern shell,4,000 metres.)

9cm.(old)FieldGun, M.75

and

75/96.

9_{cm. Gun, M. 75/4, in} casemate.

(Max. range with 1875_pattern shell, 6,450 metres.) 15cm.Mortar,M. _{78 (mobilereserve).}

(Max. range with 1878 shell, 3,600 metres.

With

per-cussion-shrapnel

and

adapter,Max. range, 3,200 metres.)

Graduations

.

—

None

.

Material.

—

_Brass.

1875

Pattern

Percussion

Fuze.

Fig. 1.

Percussion fuze M. 75 in _{powder-filled} shell of 9 cm.

_gun

(fixed

Designation.

—

M.80.

Used

with

1880powder-filled

and

Ekrasitshell,for

—

12cm.

_Heavy

Cun, 1880;

max.

range, 8,000 metres. 12 cm. Gun, 1880

and

'96 (fixedarmament).

15cm.

_Heavy

Gun, 1880; max. range, 8,500 metres.

15cm.

_Heavy

Field Howitzer, 1894, '99, 1915;

max.

range, 6,200 metres.

15cm. FortressHowitzerin _cupola,1894,

and

'99.

15cm.Mortar,1880,'98,'98/7

and

16; max.range, 3,500 metres. 15 cm. Mortar, 1880 (fixed

armament)

; max. range, 3,500

metres.

15 cm. CoastDefence Gun, L/35.

18cm.

_Heavy

Gun, 1880; with 1880 shell; max.range, 5,100 metres.

21 cm. Coast DefenceMortar, 1880,

and

Mortar, 1916.

Graduations

.

—

None

. Material.

—

Brass.

Remarks.

—

Fuzesintended for 12cm. shellare

marked

"8L,"

and

are closed

_by

a_{plain zinc plug.}

Fuzesfor 15cm.and 18 cm.shell are

marked

*'

4

L

"; the plug

1880

Pattern Percussion

Fuze.

'/am

Z/nc PJuo

Zjnc

8/ug

yvilfi

Cletent~spr/nq

Fig. 2.

Percussion fuze M. 80.

—

(a) In 12 cm.

common

shell; (6) in

1901

Pattern Percussion

Fuze

Designation.

—

M. 1and M. la.

Used

w^ith

—

12cm. Gun, 1861

and

'61/95(mobile reserveof_{heavyartillery);}

with 1861shell; max. range 2,300 metres.

15cm. Gun, 1861 and _{'61/95(mobile}reserve)with1861 shell;

max. _{range, 5,800 metres.}

Graduations

.

—

None.

Material.

—

Brass.

Remarks.

—

Reportedtohave been used

_by

theAustrians in Val

Camonica

and

ValGiudicaiia.

The

shellsare of cast iron with a jacket of lead,andpropelledbyblack_powder.

They

are

no

longer used.

1901

Pattern Percussion

Fuze

Fig. 3.

Percussion fuze M. 1 in 1861 shell used with 12cm. or 15 cm. guns(*61

and

61/95models)ofmobilereserve.

1906

Pattern Percussion

Fuze

Designation.

—

M. 6.

Used

with—

Ekrasitgranate,1880 pattern.

12cm.

_Heavy

Gun, 1880;

max.

range withEkrasitshell,8,000

metres.

12cm. Gun,fixed

armament,

M. 80

and

96.

15cm.

_Heavy

Gun, 1880;

max.

range, 8,500 metres.

15 cm.

_Heavy

Field _Howitzer, 1894, '99

and

1915;

max.

range, 6,200 metres.

15 cm. Fortress Howitzer(PanzerhavJbitze)1894

and

'99; max.

range, 6,200 metres.

15 cm. Mortar, 1880, '98,'98/7

and

1916; max. range, 3,500 metres.

15cm. Mortar,1880 (incupola);

max.

range, 3,500 metres. 18cm.

_Heavy

Gun, 1880; max. range, 5,100 metres. 21 cm. CoastDefence Gun,L/20.

21 cm. CoastDefenceMortar, 1880,

and

Mortar, 1916.

Graduations

.

—

None

. MatericJ.

—

Brass.

Remarks.

—

Thesefuzes arelikethe1880_{pattern percussion fuzes}; but have a metal _{case, containing} a _gaine, screwed to the base.

They

are all

marked

withthe_calibre, as well as the _yearof

manu-facture; e.g.,

*'

1906

Pattern Percussion

Fuze.

Case

coritaininq

game

Fig. 4.

Percussion fuze (1906)fittedwithgaine, forEkrasitshells,12 cm.,

15era.

and

18 _{cm. guns}; 15cm. how. ; 15cm.

and

21 cm.mortar.

1904

Pattern Percussion

Fuze

(German

make).

Designation.

—

Gr.Z._04,i.e.,Granat-Zunder, 1904.

Used

with.

—

10-5 cm.

German

Gun

; 1896 patternshell; range,

10,300 metres.

Graduations

.

—

^None.

Material.

—

Brass

and

steel,withsteel gaine.

Remarks.

—

Percussion; withorwithoutdelayactisn.

"

M.V." _{mit

V

erzogerung), with delay.

"O.V."

{ohne

V

erzogerung) without.

(German

make)

oy.-"o/?^e \fhour

dday\^

Gr

.

Z

04

_Sp.

8raj5

^

Steel

ZcaXe

%

_appro

X

Pig. 5.

—

German

percussion fuze Gr. Z. 04 used with[10'6 cm.

1914

Pattern Percussion

Fuze

(German

make).

Designation.

—

H. Z. 14 Vst., i.e., Haubitz-Ziinder 1914, mii

Vorstecker _{(Howitzer-Fuze with safety-pin).}

Used

with.

—

10'5 cm.

German

Gun:

1914

and

'14a _pattern

shell. Range, 10,300 metres.

Graduations

.

—

None.

Material.

—

Brass, or brass withsteel head.

Remarks.

—

The

Italian authoritiesstatethatH. Z. 14 fuze has

been usedagainstthem,in1896_patternshellfrom10.5cm.

German

gun.

On

the

Western

frontthis fuzeis_only

_employed

in1914-15

shell,with 10-cm.lightfieldhowitzer.

But

as_theydescribeafuze

with _safety-pin, itis _{probably H.Z.} 14Vst.,which is

known

to be used with 10.5 cm. _gun.

Vorstecker _(safety-pin) is sometimes abbreviated Vorst. or Vrst.

as well as Vst.

or

*

_stamped

on head of fuze

means

that it is of superior

1914

_{Pattern Percussion}

_Fuze

(German

make).

V

Brasi

Full

Fig. 6.

German

percussion fuze H. Z. 14 Vst. used with^l0*4 cm.

gun

Internal

Nose

Percussion

Fuze

for

10-4

cm.

Shell.

Desig-uation.

—

10cm. M. 14.

Used

with

—

10.5_{cm. heavy}

gun;

max.range, 12,500 metres.

Graduations

.

—

None.

Internal

Nose

Percussion

Fuze

for

10-5

cm

Shell.

Fig. 7.

Internal _percussion fuze in nose of shell for 10*4 cm. heavy

1898

Pattern Base- Percussion

Fuze

Desig-nation.

—

M.98,

Used

with

—

6 cm.

Gun

(casemate mounting), 1898

and

'99.

6 cm. Gun, 1898, in

movable

turret, with 1898 pattern shell.

Max.

range, 1,500 metres.

Graduations

.

—

None. Material.

—

Brass.

1898

Pattern Base- Percussion

Fuze.

Fig. 8.

Base percussion fuze M. 8used with 6cm. fortress

gun

('98and

1909

Pattern Base- Percussion Fuze.

DoBignation.

—

^M. 9(10cm., 15cm.

and

24cm.).

Used

with—

Ekrasitshell for

—

10cm.

Mountain

Howitzer,M. 99, 8,10

and

16.

10cm.Light Field Howitzer, 1899,

and

14.

10cm.Howitzer,

M.

99, 5, 6

and

9, in _cupola.

Maximum

range, 6,100 metres.

15cm.

_Heavy

Field _Howitzer, 1894, '99, 94/4,99/4

and

1914.

Maximum

range,withEkrasitshell,M.99/9,5,600 metres.

24 cm. Mortar,'98

and

'98/07, 95/10

and

10/16.

Maximum

range, 6,500 metres.(?)

Graduations

.

—

None. Material.

—

Braes.

Remarks.

—

^M. 9, 16 cm., weighs 0*5 kilos. _{(1| lbs.]}

1909

Pattern Base-Percussion

Fuze.

Fig. 9.

Base

Percussion

Fuze

for

30*5

cm.

Shell.

Designation.

—

M.9(?)30-5 cm.

Used

with

—

30.5 cm. Mortar.

Max.

range, 12,800 metres.

Graduations.

—

None. Material.

—

Remarks.

—

The

fuze is borne

on

the base-plate of the shell,

which is fuzed in

two

different _ways. In earliermodels the fuze

was

screwed

down

toa_{large plug,} whichinturn

was

screwedinto

Base

Percussion

Fuze

for 30*5

cm.

Shell,

Fig. 10.

Base_percussion fuze, for30*5 cm. mortar. Earlier model, with

Base

Percussion

Fuze

for

30*5

urn-gearbeitet' Shell.

Designation.

—

M. 9(?)30-5cm.

Used

with

—

30'5 cm. Mortar; umgearbeitet {i.e., modified) shell

Max.

range, 12,800 metres.

Graduations

.

—

None.

Material.

—

Remarks.

—

The

modified 30*5cm.Shellhas

two

base-plates; the

inner,

and

thicker, bears the fuze _directly, with no _plug; the

outer,

and

thinner base-plate is a flat disc _completelyclosing the

projectile.

The

objectof this change

was

probablyto _prevent the

Base

Percussion

Fuze

for

30*5

'urn-gearbeitet'

Shell,

'

W///////y//77,

Fig. 11.

Base_{percussion fuze}

and

exploder,for 30*5 cm.mortar. Later

model: Shell with

two

_base-plates

and

fuzescrewedintothe inner

Fuze

for

38

cm.

Gun,

Designation.

—

Used with—

38 cm. (Naval?) Gun.

Max.

range said tobe about 30 kilometers (18^miles).

Graduations-Material.

—

Remarks.

—

A

few 38 cm.

Guns

were

_{employed by}

the Austrians

intheTrentino offensive in

_May,

1916, _Nothing is

known

of the

Fuze

for

42

cm.

Mortar.

Designation.

Used

with

—

42 cm.Mortar. Range, 14,000 metres(?).

Graduations

.-Material.

—

1861

Pattern

Time

Fuze,

Designation.

—

^M. 61.

Used

with,

—

12 cm.

and

15 cm.

Guns

₍₁₈₆₁

and

_61/95 models)

formingpartofmobilereserveof_{heavyartillery.}

Graduations

.

—

Nil. Material.

Remarks.

—

^A _primitive time fuze described

_by

the Italian authorities. It consists of the

mechanism

for the ascent of the detonating needle

and

a

wooden

tube containing the composition. Thisis cut to a_{length corresponding}to the time it is_requiredto

burnbefore being introducedintothe

_body

ofthefuze.

This

and

the following old-fashioned fuzes were

_employed

with

projectiles

made

of cast iron with a jacket of lead.

They

were used

_by

the Austrians in 1915-16 in the Val

Camonica

and

Va] Qiudicaria,buthave not been observedsince then,

1866

Pattern

Time

Fuze,

Designation.—

M. 66

and

_66/85 k.

Used

with.-1866

and

'78_shrapnelfor:

12 cm.

Gun

; 1861

and

'61/95.

Max.

range, 4,000 metres. 15cm.

Gun

; 1861

and

_'61/95.

(Mobile reserveofheavyartillery.)

15cm. Mortar, 1878. Max.range, 3,200 metres.

Graduations

.

—

None.

Material.

—

M. 66is

made

of _Zinnkupfer{i.e.,copper with asmall

proportionoftin).

M. _66/85

K

isof brass.

Remarks.

—

In both these fuzes the tube _containing

detonator-pelletis_separate

and

is screwed into the fuze_only justbefore the projectileis _placedin the bore.

The

letter"

K

"hereshows_{the quality}of_powderinthe

composi-tion{i.e.,Kornpulver). It_{generally stands} for _{KartdtschschrapneU,}

^rass <

1866

Pattern

Time

Fuze.

Cap

coniaininq detonoifor

pe/feT

Maqazme

Fig. 12.

Ungraduated time fuze M. 66/85 K. in 1866 shrapnel, used by 12cm.

and

15cm. gunsofmobile reserve.

N.B.

—

"K."

refersto the

"time"

composition(see opposite).

1875

Pattern

Time

Fuze

Designation.—

M. _75/85c.

Used

with.

—

8 cm.

Guns

(1895) in casemate mountings, with shrapnel 1875/85c. _pattern.

Max.

_{range, 2,500 metres.}

Graduations.

—

From

5 to 48 in hundreds of _paces.

_Every

intervalof200_pacesis

shown by

a number,

and

betweenthe

numbers

are four graduationsof50paces each.

Thereis_{no arrangement}forcase-shoteffect.

Setting the fuze at the

"

500"

mark

_{produces a}burst about 250 metresfromthemuzzle.

Material.

—

Brass.

Remarks.

—

_Shrapnel

_employed

with thisfuze has a red "

C

1875

Pattern

Time

Fuzes.

Fig. 13.

Graduated time fuze M. 75/86c for 8 cm. _{guns ('95}

model),

fixed

armament.

1880

Pattern

Time

Fuze.

Designation.

—

M. 80K.

Used

V7ith.

—

1866

and

'78shrapnelfor:

12cm. Gun, 1861

and

'61/95

15cm. Gun, 1861

and

_'61/96.

(Mobile reserveofheavyartillery.)

15cm.Mortar, 1878.

Graduations

.

—

None. Material.

—

Brass.

Remarks.

—

The

detonator-pelletisunitedwiththe

_body

ofthe

fuze, butis_{prevented from}

_moving

beforeuse

_by

a_safety-pin.

"

_K

"

1880

Pattern

Time

Fuze,

Brass

A

Cap

coriiainina

Detonator

-pe/fet

Safet/

Pm

Detonator

Afeec/Ze

Maqazin&

Fig. 14.

Ungraduated

timefuzeM. 80 K.in1866_shrapnel,used

_by

12cm.

and

15_{cm. guns}ofmobilereserve.

1885

Pattern

Time

Fuzes

Designation.

—

^M.85.

Used

with.

—

8 cm. Field Gun, 1875 pattern, converted; with

'75/85 shrapnel. Max. range, 3,375 metres.

Graduations.

—

_Up

to 45, in hmidreds _{of paces.}

Each

division

equivalent to200 paces is

marked by

a number,

and

betweenthe

numbers

are four graduationsof 50_paceseach.

Material.

—

Brass.

Remarks.-1891

Pattern

Time

and

Percussion Fuze.

Designaticn.

—

M.91 a,M. 91 b.

Used

with.

Shrapnel,

M.

75/91a

and

M. 75/91bfor:

9 cm. (old) Field Gun, 1875/96; max. range, 3,375 metres. 9cm. Gun, 1875, '75/96, '75/04

and

1911 (?) (casemate

mounting);

max

range, 3,375 metres.

Graduations.

—

From

6to48inhundreds_{of paces.}

The

gradua-tion for _{every 200 paces bears} a number,

and

_{the space} between

issubdividedintofourdivisions_equivalentto 50_{paces each.}

Material.

—

Brass.

Remarks.

—

Setfor_percussion

when

the setting-markisat

1893

Pattern

Time

and

Percussion

Fuze

Designation.

—

M. 93a.

Used

with.

—

Shrapnel, 1880

and

'78apattern,for:

12cm.

_Heavy

Gun, 1880; max.range, 6,500 metres. 12cm. Gun, 1880

and

'96 incasemateorturret.

15 cm.

_Heavy

_{Field Howitzer, 1894,} '99

and

1914

range, 5,000 metres. 15cm. howitzerin _cupola.

15cm.Mortar, 1880,98,95/7

and

1916.

15 cm. Mortar, 1878 _{(shrapnel 1878/93} a);

max.

3,200 metres.

18cm.

_Heavy

Gun, 1880;

max.

range, 4,500 metres. 15cm.

_Heavy

_Gun, 1880; max. range, 8,500 metres.

range.

Graduations.

—

From

to 25.

Each

division is subdivided into four.

When

setting-mark is at

"A"

_{{Aufschlag),i\ize}is&et

for percussion.

Material.

—

Bronze

Remarks.

—

The

timeof _burningofthe "_{time-composition}" in this fuze is _{comparatively} short;

and

allows time-shrapnel to be

used withit_only

_up

_{to ranges}of6,500metreswith 12 cm.

and

15

cm. guns(1880),

and up

to5,000metres with 15cm.Howitzers.

To

extend the range

beyond

these _limits, an extrafuze,

Er-gdnzungsziinder{see nextpage)isscrewed over_{the hexagon-cap.} Max. Rangeswith 1880/93 a

Shrapnel. Fuze M.93a. 93 aand Er-gdnzungszunder. 15cm.Howitzer 12cm.

Gun

15 cm.

Gun

18 cm.

Gun

.... 15cm.Mortar.... Metres. 5,000 6,500 6,600 4,500 3,200 Metres. 5,900 8,000 8,500

1893

Pattern

Time

and

Percussion

Fuze,

Bronze.

<

Hexaqon

Cap

"A ' PercU3si'on.

Mari

s/iotv/ng (/eardfaJoj^t/on.

Time

Rm

gradu

OtoZS.

aJccf

A-FiG. 15.

Time and

_{percussion fuze} M. 93a used with 12 cm., 15cm.

and

18cm.

_heavy

guns; 15cm. how.;

and

15cm.mortar.

An

extra fuze {Ergdnzungszunder), to extend the time, is

Erganzungsziinder"

for

1893

Pattern

Time

and

Percussion Fuze.

Designation.

—

Ergdnzimgsziinder {i.e., complementary fuze) M.

93 a,

and

M. 93 b.

Used

with.

—

1893-patterntime

and

percussion fuze (screwed over

hexagon-cap), to extend range at which time-shrapnel

may

be fired

withit.

M. 93 afor_guns; M. 93bforHowitzers.

Graduations

.

—

^None.

Material.

—

Bronze; _originallyaluminium.

Remarks.

—

^The _{great variety}of _shrapnel of the three calibres,

12 cm., 15 cm.,

and

18 cm., fuzed withT.

and

P.fuze M.93a,does

not always

make

it_{possible to}tell,

when

the fuze onlyis found, to

what

_projectileit belonged or

what gun

firedit.

But

certain_guidesare available.

Thus, aT.

and

P. fuzeM. 93a, found with complementaryfuze

M.93b screwed ontoit,certainly belongsto1880/93ashrapneland

was

fired

_by

a 15 cm. Howitzer. While aT.

and

P. fuze, M. 93a,

found withajiErgdnzungszilnderM.93a,certainlybelongsto_1880/93 a

shrapnel; but

was

fired

_by

a 12 cm. or 15 _{cm. heavy}

_gun

₍₁₈₈₀

pattern).

The

18 cm.

gun

cannot firetime_{-shrapnel at ranges long} enough for the Ergdnzungsziinder to be necessary.

If the extra fuzeis_missing; shell splinterscoloured red indicate

15 cm. gun.

Again,iftheintervalbetween thesoundof discharge

and

arrival of theshellis

more

than11 seconds,a howitzer ormortar isfiring;

iftheintervalislessthan 11seconds,itis_{probably a}gun. T.

and

P._fuze,

M.

93a.

1. If _{complementary} fuzeis present:

(a)

Marked

M.93b ..." 15

cm. How.

(6)

Marked

M.93a. :

(i) Noseof shellred 15

cm. Gun.

(ii) Noseof shellnotred ., 12

cm. Gum.

2. If _{complementary}fuze is _missing:

{a) Noseofshell,red 15

cm.

Gxin. (6) Nosoof shellnotred:

(i) Interval between sound of discharge

and

arrival of shellmore than11seconds ... 15

cm. How.

or

Mortar.

(ii) Intervallessthan11seconds ... ... 12

cm.

or18

''

Erganzungsziinder

''

for

1893

Pattern

Time

and

Percussion

Fuze.

Alumimuim

or

Bronze

Bronze-Erqanzunc^szunc/er

^

_{fuze M.93a}

Fig. 16.

Ergdnzungszunder,fittedon hexagon capoftime

and

percussion fuzeM. 93a".

1895

Pattern

Time

and

Percussion Fuze.

Designation.

—

_MiJOS.

Used

with.-ShrapnelM. 96/95

and

94/95.

8cm.

Gun

in_{cupola(1894).}

8cm.

Gun

in_{casemate-mounting, 1894}

and

1898.

8 cm. Fortress

Gun

on shielded _carriage, 1894; max. range,

3,000 metres.

Graduations.

—

From

5 to 30in hundreds of metres. Also a

graduation for _percussion

_("A"

_Aufschlag);

and

one

("45"

foraburst450metresfrommuzzle.

Material.

—

Brass.

1895

Pattern

Time

and

Percussion Fuze.

A

Percussion DistinouKihinq

Mark

^ i/orle

_moterung

fburs/at45^0meTres) Time

_Rmq

C/rac/uafea from

Sto30

Innunareas ofmetres. PiQ. 17.

Time and

percussion fuze M. 95 used with 8 cm. guns, Bred

1895/b

Pattern

Time

and

Percussion

Fuze.

Designation.

—

M. 95b.

Used

with.-Shrapnel, 98/95b,for:

6cm.

Gun

in_{casemate mounting,} 1898.

6 cm.

Gun

in fixed or movable turret, 1898; max. range, 1,500 metres.

Graduations.

—

_Up

to 17, in hundredsof metres.

Newer

fuzes

of this pattern have also a graduation

"V"

{Vortempierung) for

bursts atabout200metresfrommuzzle.

Material.

—

Brass.

1896

Pattern

Time

and

Percussion Fuze.

Designation.

—

M.96,96a

and

96c.

Used

with.

—

Shrapnel, 1875,'91,'96,for:

9cm. (old)FieldGxm, 1875,'75/96.

9 cm.

Gun

in_{casemate mounting, 1875, '75/96, '75/04}

and

1911

max.range, 4,500 metres.

Graduations.

—

^From 6 to48inhundreds_{of paces.}

The

gradua-tionfor_every200_{paces bears}a number,

and

_{the space} betweenis

subdividedintofourdivisionsequivalent to50paceseach.

The

fuzes are set for _percussion

when

_setting-mark is at

"A"

(Aufschlag). M.96a

and

96ccanalsobe set forcase-shoteffectat "

_K

"

(KartcitschschrapneU).

Material.

—

Brass.

1896

Pattern

Time

and

Percussion

Fuze

^

"PercL

Mark

.Time

Rmq

(^raa/uaTed Trom 6^-4-8 /r>_hunarec/s

of

_paces. Fig. 18.

Time and

percussion fuze M. 96a used with 9 cm. guns, fixed

armament.

1899

7

cm.

Time

and

Percussion

Fuze,

Distinctive

Mark.

—

^M.99,7cm.

Used with.—

7cm. Moimtain Gim, 1899; 1908

and

'9 for 1899

shrapnel;

max.

range, 4,000 metres (reckoned atsea-level),

and 1905 Ekrasit shell; max. range, 5,300 metres.

Graduations.

—

_Up

to _40J in hundreds of metres (i.e., 4,050

metres_{of range).} Smallestdivisionsrepresent50metres.

Other graduations areletters,V,

K,

A.

When

fuze isset at:

V. (Vortempierung), shrapnel bursts about 200 metres from muzzle.

K. (Kartatschschrapnell), bursts 5

—

10 metres from muzzle

withcase-shoteffect.

A. _{AufscJUug),burstson_percussion.

Material.

—

Brass.

Remarks.

—

Fittedwith againe

when

appliedtoEkrasitshells.

1899

7

cm.

Time

and

_Percussion

_Fuze.

Mark

_sfjOiVinq

i^earofac/opfTon

anal

ca/iJ^re of'

projecfi/e.

QradudfeJ

to

40-k

/n nunclrec/s

of

metres

Fig. 19.

Time and

percussion fuze M. 99 (7 cm.) ai _shrapnel of 7 cm. mountain

_gun

_{(1899 model).}

1899

10

cm.

Time

and

_{Percussion Fuze,}

for

Slirapnel.

Distinctive

mark.

—

^M. 99, 10 cm.

Used

with.

—

10cm._{Light Field Howitzer, 1899}

and

1914. 10 cm. Moimtain Howitzer, 1899, 1908, 10

and

16.

10 cm. Fortress Howitzer in cupola, 1899, 1905, '6

and

'9.

max. range with shrapnel, 5,400 metres.

Graduations.

—

From

4 to 56 inhmidredsof _{metres, only} even

numbers

shown. (Forletters _V,

_{K, and}

_A, see

previous page.)

Material.

—

Brass.

i

Remarks.

—

Differs

from

the _{corresponding} fuze for

Ammonal

shell_by:

1. Absenceofa_gaine.

2. Presenceof a_graduation "K."for case-shot effect.

{Seenextpage).

1899

10

cm.

Time

and

Percussion

_Fuze,

for

Shrapnel.

Percus.sion rotecf/n^

Cap

Mark

shoivin^^ (/earcffac/ao^on

and

ca/ihr&

dt

projecif/e

V"

Graaucuea

in

hundreds

of

metres

Fig. 20.

Time and

percussion fuzeM. 99(10 cm.)in shrapnelfrom 10em!

1899

10

cm.

Time

and

Percussion

_Fuze,

for

Shell.

Distinctive

mark.

—

M.

99, 10cm.

Used

with.

—

10 cm. Light Field Howitzers, 1899,

and

1914.

10em. Mountain_Howitzer, 1899, 1908, '10

and

'16.

10 cm. Fortress Howitzer in _cupola, 1899, 1905, '6

and

'9;

max*

_{range (with}

ammonal

shell), 5,600 metres.

Graduations.

—

From

4 to 56 in hundredsof _{metres, only} even

numbers

shown. (Forletters _V,

and

A, see_page 68.)

Material.

—

Brass.

Remarks.

—

^Differs fromthe 1899pattern, 10cm.fuze _employed with shrapnelby:

1.

_Having

a_gaine.

2.

Not

_{having agraduation} "

K

"forcase-shoteffect.

1899

a

Pattern

Time

and

Percussion

Fuze.

Distinctive

mark.

—

M. 99a.

Used

with.

—

Star_{shell (Leuchtschrapnell)} M. _6/99afor:

16cm.

_Heavy

Field Howitzer, 1894, '99,94/4,99/4

and

1915.

15cm. Panzerhavbitze (Howitzerin cupola), 1894, '99.

15cm. Mortar, 1880,'98, '98/07,

and

16.

15cm. Mortar, in cupola, 1880, oronsledge.

21cm. Coastdefence Mortar,1880.

and

Mortar, 1916.

24 cm. Mortar, 1880, '98

and

'98/07, '95/10

and

10/15.

Graduations.

—

^l^rom to 25 inhundreths of _{the length} of the time-composition; each division subdivided into four.

Material.

—

Brass.

1899 a Pattern

Time

and

Percussion

Fuze,

§ a

1899

b

Pattern

Time

and

Percussion

Fuze.

Distinctive

mark.

—

M. 99b.

Used

with.-Star-shell {Leuchtschrapnell) 6/99 b for:

10 _{cm. Light}Field Howitzer, 1899

and

1914. 10 cm. MountainHowitzer, 1899, 1908, 10

and

10.

10cm. FortressHowitzer (incupola), 1899, 1905,'6

and

'9.

Graduations.

—

From

to 25 in hundrethsof _{the length}of the time-composition; eachdivision subdividedinto four.

Material.

—

^Brass.

Remarks.-1902

Pattern

Time

and

Percussion

Fuze.

Distinctive

mark.

—

^M. 2.

Used

with.

—

8 cm. Q.F.

Gun

in turret, 1902; max. _{range with}

shrapnel,4,000 metres.

Graduations

.

—

Material.

—

1905

Pattern

Time

and

Percussion

Fuze.

Distinctivo

Mark.

—

M.5.

Used

with

—

8 cm. Field Gun, 1905

and

1905/8.

8 cm. Fortress Gun, 1905

and

1905/9. Max. range: time, 6,200 metres; percussion, 6,200 metres.

Graduations.

—

^From 5 to 61 in hundreds of metres.

Each

of

the smaller divisions represents 50 metres. AlsolettersV,

A

and

K.

When

fuzeisset at

—

V. (Vortempierung), shrapnel bursts about 200 metres from muzzle.

K. (Kartdtschschrapnell), bursts 5-10 metres from muzzle,

with case-shoteffect.

A. _{Aufschlag),burstson_percussion.

Material.

—

Bronze.

Remarks.

—

Fuzeissetwith a_{key,which engages}in

two

slots

on

time-ring.

Foruse with

Ammonal

Shell, the fuzeisfittedwith a _gaine.

1905

Pattern

Time

and

Percussion

Fuze

^nze < Time

_Rinq

Gradluafed

from

Slb61

m

hunc/rec^s

of mefres

K

" (_{Kariatschschrapne//})

Case Sho1

emct.

'V"i

Vortempierunoi) "a"_{(/^ufsc/i/a^J}

Percussjon.

Fig. 22.

Time

and

_percussion fuze M. 5.

61.

Used

with8 cm.fieldgun,

Bronze; _graduated to

Bronze

1908

Pattern

Time

and

Percussion

Fuze

_(No.

_1).

Distinctive

mark.

—

^M.8.

Used

with

—

8cm.FieldGun, 1905

and

1905/8.

8 cm. Fortress Gun, 1905, 1905/9. Max. range: time, 6,200

metres; percussion, 7,000 metres.

Graduations.

—

From

5 to 61 in hundreds of metres. (Later fuzesof 1908 pattern, are graduatedas faras _73.)

Smaller divisionsrepresent 50 metreseach.

Letters V,

K

and

A, asin 1905 _pattern {see previous page).

Material.

—

Bronze,

Remarks.

—

^Differs from the last

_by

—

1. _{Distinguishingmark,}

M.

8

on

time-ring.

2. Four pairs ofstudson time-ring for setting

by

hand.

3.

One

circular hole, instead of2 slots for setting key.

Bronze

1908

Pattern

Time

and

Percussion

Fuze

_(No.

_1).

Bronze

/\ =

Percuss

/on.

Grac/udfed

in

hunareas

of

tnefres Fig. 23.

Time and

percussion fuzeM. 8. Bronze; graduatedto'61.

Used

nth

8cm.field_gun.

Bronze

1908

Pattern

Time

and

Percussioi

Fuze

_(No.

_2).

Distinctive

mark.

—

M. 8.

Used

with

—

8 cm.FieldGun, 1905

and

1905/8.

8 cm. Fortress Gim, 1905

and

1905/8. Max. range (time ar

percussion), 7,300 metres.

Graduations.

—

^From 5to73inhundredsofmetres.

The

small

divisions represent 50 metres.

Letters V.

A

and

K

asin_{1905 pattern fuze (page}80).

Material.

—

Bronze.

Remarks.

—

Set

_{by hand}

(LeicMtempierbar), using the four pai of studs on the _time-ring.

With

a_{gaine, this}fuzeis_employed also for H.E. to_get atime burst on _targets behind cover.

3ronze 1908

Pattern

Time

and

Percussion

Fuze

_(No.

_2).

Ms

'Mark

s/iQwin<^ (/ear

of

_adoption SeffJngS/uds /<"=

Case5liot

'A"=

Percuss/on

Ctaauaied

STora

m

hundreds

of

metres. Fig. 24.

Time and

_{percussion fuze}M. 8; Bronze, graduatedto 73.

Used

Iron

1908

Pattern

Time

and

Percussion

Fuze.

Distinctive

Mark.

—

M.8.

Used

with—

Shrapnel,M.8,for

—

8 cm.Field gun, 1905

and

1905/8.

8cm. Fortress Gmi, 1905

and

1905/8; Max. range, 7,30C

metres.

Graduations.

—

From

5 to 73 in hmidreds of metres. Smallei

divisions,50metres.

Letters V,

A

and

K

asin_{1905 pattern}fuze.

Material.

—

Ironwithbrassring.

Remarks.

—

Set

_{by hand}

{i.e., LeichUempierbar).

With

a _{gaine, this}fuze is_employedalso forH.E., to_getatime(

Iron

1908

Pattern

Time

and

Percussion

Fuze,

Mark

_S/iouv/ng Year'

of

ac/ojoi/or? /\"~ P&rcuss/on

GraauaJea

516

73

/nhunc/rec/i

of

me/

res Pio. 26.

Time and

percussion fuzeM.8. Iron,withbrass rings; _graduated