SURFACTANTS ppt-1

SURFACTANTS

SURFACTANTS

K

Karariisshmhma a DDhuhurrii, , SSiiddddhhesesh h JJuuvekvekarar,,SSuukkanya anya DDasas,, Shruti

ShrutiMMane,ane, V Viinniitta a BBaassaannttaannii,,BBhhagyesagyeshhrrii

G

Gururaavv,,PPrriiyanyankka a CChhakotakotee,,SSririnniivavass, , KKashashmmiirara K

Katathehe

1

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  _{SSuurrffaaccee--aaccttiivveeaaggeennttss//ssuurrffaaccttaannttssmmoolleeccuulleess} w whhiicch h arareeaaccttiivveeaattiinntteerrffaacceessaannddppoosssseessssbbootthh polar polar((hhyyddrroopphhiilliicc))aannddnnoonn--ppoollaarr((hhyyddrroopphhoobbiicc)) c chhaarraacctteerriissttiiccssiinntthheessaammeemmoolleeccuullee.. 

 _{SurfactantsSurfactants lower the surface tension lower the surface tension (or interfacial (or interfacial}

tension) between

tension) between two liquidstwo liquids or between aor between a liquid and aliquid and a

solid.

I

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  _{SSuurrffaaccee--aaccttiivveeaaggeennttss//ssuurrffaaccttaannttssmmoolleeccuulleess} w whhiicch h arareeaaccttiivveeaattiinntteerrffaacceessaannddppoosssseessssbbootthh polar polar((hhyyddrroopphhiilliicc))aannddnnoonn--ppoollaarr((hhyyddrroopphhoobbiicc)) c chhaarraacctteerriissttiiccssiinntthheessaammeemmoolleeccuullee.. 

 _{SurfactantsSurfactants lower the surface tension lower the surface tension (or interfacial (or interfacial}

tension) between

tension) between two liquidstwo liquids or between aor between a liquid and aliquid and a

solid.

solid.

2



 _{WWhhen en ssuurfrfactactanantts s are are didissssololved ved iin n wwaatterer}

t

thhey ey ooririenenttatate e aat t tthhe e susurfrfaace ce sso o tthhaat t tthhee h

hydydrropophhobobiic c rregiegionons s are are rrememoved oved ffrrom om tthhee aqu

 _{Hydrophobic group consist of alkyl chain (long,}

short, branched).

 _{Hydrophilic group consist of alcoholic, quaternary}

ammonium ,carboxylic.

  CLASSIFICATION Based on  chemical structure Anionic Hydrophilic group of molecule carries –ve charge

Eg:- sodium lauryl  sulphate, potassium laurate

Cationic

Hydrophilic group of molecule carries +ve charge

Eg:-cetrimide, Benzalkonium  chloride Non ionic No charge on  hydrophilic  group

Eg:- polysorbates, Sorbiton esters

Amphoteric

Molecule contains both +ve and

–ve charge

Eg:- sulphobetaines, N-Dodecyl-N,

 _{Every surfactant forms micelles to exhibit its action}

when it is in the bulk of solution

 _{A micelle is an aggregate of surfactant molecules}

dispersed in a liquid.

 _{Once the micelles are formed the surfactants can then}

act as detergents wetting agents solubli!ers suspending agents etc.

 _{As we know the surfactants are amphiphilic two types}

of micelles are generally observed

NORMAL MICELLES

INVERSE MIICELLES

 _{Micelles only form when the concentration of}

surfactant is greater than the critical micelle

concentration (M), the temperature of the system is greater than the critical micelle temperature, or !raft temperature.

 _{!raft temperature" (!raft #oint)}

$emperature abo%e which, certain surfactants show a marked increase in solubili&ing power.

 _{'n a micelle, the hydrophobic tails flock to the interior}

in order to minimi&e their contact with water, and the hydrophilic heads remain on the outer surface in order

MECHANI

SM

OF

ACTI

ON

 _{Surfactants can work in three different ways"}

 _{(a) ollup mechanism" $he surfactant lowers the}

fabric*solution interfacial tensions and in this way lifts the stain of the fabric.

 _{(b) +mulsification" $he surfactant lowers the oil solution}

interfacial tension and makes easy emulsification of the oil.

 _{(c) Solubili&ation" $hrough interaction with the micelles of}

a surfactant in a sol%ent (water), a substance

ROLL UP MECHANISM

 _{The surfactant}

lowers the

oil/solution and fabric/solution

interfacial tensions and in this way lifts the stain of the

Emul

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i

ficat

i

on

12

 _{The surfactant}

lowers the oil

-solutioninterfacial tension and makes easy emulsification oftheoilysoils

SOLUBI

LI

ZATI

ON

 _{Through interaction with the micelles of a}

surfactant in a solvent (water), a substance spontaneously dissolves to form a stable

HYDROPHILIC-LIPOPHILIC BALANCE

 _{riffin described "ydrophilic#lipophilic balance scale}

for surfactant

 _{Itisthemeasureofthedegreetowhicha}

surfactantishydrophilcorlipophilic.

 _{TheHLBsystem isparticularlyusefultoidentify}

surfactantsforoilandwateremulsification.

 _{$t is an arbitrary scale from % to&% depicting the}

"ydrophilic'ipophilic balance of a surfactant.

1.

 ANIONIC SURFACTANTS

1.SODIUM LAURYL SULPHATE (SLS)

Chemi

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ormul

a NaC

₁₂

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₂₅

SO

₄

Mo

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ar

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s

288.

372

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 Appe

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g/

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206

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403

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Sensitivity

It has been shown toirritatetheskinoftheface, withprolongedandconstantexposure. Inanimal studies SLSappearstocauseskin and eye

irritation

Interaction with fluoride

SLS in toothpaste maydecrease the

effectiveness of fluoride at preventing dental caries(cavities).

Taste alteration

 APPLI

CATI

ONS

 _{SLSisahighlyeffectivesurfactantandisusedin}

anytaskrequiringtheremovalofoilystainsand residues.

 Itcanbeusedtoaidinlysing cells during DNA

extractionandforunravelingproteinsin SDS-PAGE

 _{Pharmaceuticallyaspre-operative skincleaner}

havingbacteriostaticaction

 _{Component of emulsifying wax.}

2.

DOCUSATE

SODI

UM

 _{Brandnames- Aqualax,Calube,Colace,Colace}

Micro-Enema,CorrectolSoftgelExtraGentle

 _{Interactions- Docusate should not be used in}

additiontomineraloilastheemulsifierwill

resultinmineraloilbeingabsorbedratherthan functioningasalubricantforthebowelwalls, possiblyresultinginforeign body granulomas



 Applications-Itisusedasanexcipient inthe productionoftablets (asalubricant) and

suspensions (asanemulsifier).

 _{Dioctylsodium sulfosuccinateisusedasa}

 ANIONIC

SURFACTANT

BRAND NAME

 Alkyl ether phosphates _{EMPIPHOS® DF}

series DEHSCOFIX® 904, 905 SURFONIC® PE series  ALKANATE® P series Hunstsman

International,Noida, UttarPradesh,India  Alkyl ether surfactant, ethoxylated ROH sulfonate  Avanel® S 150 CGN Avensa Chemicals, Gurgaon

 Alkyl ether surfactant  _{Avanel® S 74 Avensa Chemicals,}

Gurgaon

CATI

ONI

C

SURFACTANTS

1.

CETRI

MI

DE

 _APPLICATION: Antimicrobial preservative in eye drop -0.005% w/v



 Antisepetic in skin burns and wounds-0.1-1%

 _{Used as shampoo to remove scale in seborrhea-1-3%w/w}  _{Usedascleanseranddisinfectantforhardcontactlenses}  _{Ingredientsofcetrimideemulsifyingwaxando/w cream}

eg.Cetrimidecream

 _{INCOMPATIBILITY:-}anionicsurfactant,citrate,nonionic surfatantsinhighconcentration

2.BENZYLKONIUM CHLORIDE



 APPLICATION:-Antimicrobialpreservativein ophthalmic0.01-0.02%w/v

 _{Nasal – 0.002-0.02%}  _{Parentral–0.01%}

 _{INCOMPATIBILITY:-anionicsurfactant,}

citrate,nonionicsurfactantinhighconc.

 _{TOXICITY:-ototoxicity-appliedtoear}

 _{skin-hypersensitivityonprolongedcontact}

 _{bronchocontriction-inasthamaticinnebulizer}

solution

CATIONIC

SURFACTANTS

BRAND NAME COMPANY

 Alkyl

dimethylamines andalkyl

amidopropylamin es

EMPIGEN® A series Remfry&Sagar  Attorney Address Millenium Plaza, Sector27,Gurgaon 122002. Quaternised amineethoxylates

 ALGENE® WF Hunstsman

International,Noida, UttarPradesh,India Quaternary

ammonium compounds

 ALGENE® series

EMPIGEN® BAC series EMPIGEN® BCC series EMPIGEN® BCM series EMPIGEN® CM series EMPIGEN® HBC series Remfry&Sagar  Attorney Address Millenium Plaza, Sector27,Gurgaon 122002.

NON-

I

ONI

C

SURFACTANTS

1.POLYOXYETHYLENE ALKYL ETHERS  _{Category: Emulsifyingagent,penetrationenhancer,}

solubilizingagentandwettingagent

 _{Incompatibilities :Presenceofstrongelectrolytecan} adverselyaffectthephysicalstabilityofemulsion

containingit.

 _{Discolourationorprecipitationwithiodides,mercurysalts,} phenolicsubstances,salicylates,sulfonamides.

 _{Incompatiblewithdrugslikebenzocaineandoxidizable} drugs

 _{Antimicrobial efficiencyofsomephenolicpreservativeis} reduceddue to hydrogen bonding

 _{Irritationobservedatmorethan20% concentration}  _{Brands: Cetomacrogol1000,Cresmer1000;25,Volpo}

CS25,ProcolCA-2,LipocolC-10,Brij700

2.

SORBI

TAN

FATTY

ACI

D

ESTERS

 _{Category:Dispersingagent,emulsifyingagent(}

1-10%),nonionicsurfactant,solubilizingagent, suspendingagent,wettingagent(0.1-3%)

 _{Gradualsoapformationseenwithstrongacidor}

base

 _{Noknownincompatibilitiesandonlyoccasional}

hypersensitivitycaseshavebeenreported.

 _{Daily intake 25mg/kg}

 _{Brands:Tego SML, Dehymuls SMO, Lamesorb}

NONIONIC SURFACTANTS BRAND NAME  Alkyl polysaccharides  ALKADET® series ECOTERIC® series

Zauba Technologies & Data ServicesPrivateLimited No1/10,IIFloor

Near Gate No 9  APMC Yard,  Yeshwanthpur

Bangalore - 560 022  Alkylamine ethoxylates DEHSCOFIX® 947 DEHSCOFIX® 990 EMPILAN® A series SURFONIC® T series TERIC® 16M series HunstsmanInternational, Noida,UttarPradesh, India

 Amine oxides EMPIGEN® O series OXAMIN® series

HunstsmanInternational, Noida,UttarPradesh,

India

 Alcohol Ethoxylate Lutensol® XP 70 Ramanand Kidarnath

GENERAL APPLICATIONS

Surfactants in suppository bases

Many of these bases can be used for for both water +g) soluble and oil soluble drugs. polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid esters (tween), polyoxyethylene stearates, and the sorbitan fatty acid esters (Span). #harmaceutical ad-u%ants

$hey are added to the drugs as

. /oaming agents eg. Shampoos and 0ather Sha%ing

 _{+mulsifying agents}

 _{1hen oil is added in water}

containing surfactant, the oil is surrounded by

surfactant

DETERGENTS

Surfactants for contact lens cleaning

 _{Surfactants act as cleansers, which emulsify}

accumulated oils, lipids and inorganic compounds o%er contact lenses.

 _{Surfactant agents are utili&ed either with in a}

mechanical washing de%ice or by placing se%eral drops of the solution on the lens surface and gently rubbing the lens back and forth.

REFERENCES

 _{Handbookofexcipients}