UNECE Global Standards Setting

(1)

Successful Interagency Collaboration

Towards collaborative platforms for cross border trade

1

Maria Rosaria Ceccarelli

Chief, UN/CEFACT support Unit

Trade and Economic Cooperation Division, UNECE

ESCWA

Expert Group Meeting on Transport and Trade Facilitation ,

Tunis, 2-3 June 2015

UNECE Global Standards Setting

Transport

Statistics

Energy

Housing

Trade

Environmental policy

(2)

• One of UNECE’s key objective is economic

integration

• Trade Facilitation and the efficient trade

data interchange are the key tools of

UNECE to achieve this objective

3

Trade Facilitation

Objectives

o

Simple, transparent and effective processes for

global business

o

Efficient and automated exchange of

information

Outputs

o

Global Trade Facilitation and Electronic

Business Recommendations and Standards

Means

o

Public Private Sector Partnership – over 200

experts from government and business

o

Meet virtually every week plus two Forums

per year

_{Global Remit}

UN/CEFACT

UN/ECOSOC

UNECE

UN/CEFACT

UN

United Nations Centre for Trade Facilitation

and

(3)

Mission

• UN/CEFACT’s mission is to improve the

ability of business, trade and administrative

organizations, from developed, developing

and transitional economies, to exchange

products and relevant services effectively.

• Its principal focus is on facilitating national

and international transactions, through the

simplification and harmonization of

processes, procedures and information

flows, and so contribute to the growth of

global commerce

5

Source: Marcel van Oosterhout 2008 (in David Hesketh’s paper “Weaknesses in the supply chain: who packed the box?”

International Trade - Logistics, Transaction and Governance

Layers

(4)

Buy

Buy--Ship

Ship--Pay

Pay

7 Commercial Procedures • Establish Contract • Order Goods • Advise On Delivery • Request Payment • Packing • Inspection • Certification • Accreditation • Warehousing Transport Procedures • Establish Transport Contract • Collect, Transport

and Deliver Goods • Provide Waybills, Goods Receipts Status reports etc.

Regulatory Procedures • Obtain Import/Export Licences etc • Provide Customs Declarations • Provide Cargo Declaration • Apply Trade Security

Procedures • Clear Goods for

Export/Import Financial Procedures • Provide Credit Rating • Provide Insurance • Provide Finance • Execute Payment • Issue Statements

INVOLVES

Prepare for Export

Export Transport Import

SHIP

BUY

PAY

Prepare for Import

Source: The UN/CEFACT International Supply Chain Reference Model

TRADE

FACILITATION

Simplification

Harmonization

Standardization

Eliminating all

unnecessary

elements and

duplications in

formalities,

processes and

procedures

Aligning national

procedures,

operations and

documents with

international

conventions,

standards and

practices

Developing

internationally

agreed formats for

practices and

procedures,

documents and

(5)

UN/CEFACT

Outputs

9

Key

Key Recommendations

Recommendations

Trade Facilitation Recommendations (over 30 Recommendations)

• Recommendation 1 - UN Layout Key for Trade Documents (ISO

6422)

• Recommendation 4 - Trade Facilitation Structures

• Recommendation 18 - Trade Facilitation Measures

• Recommendation 25 - UN/EDIFACT (ISO 9735)

• Recommendation 33 - Single Window

Plus:

• Code Lists, such as Recommendation 16 – UN/LOCODE

Many are ISO Standards and covered in the WTO Trade Facilitation Negotiations

10

(6)

1

1 tfig.unece.org

Integrated

Integrated Solutions to Support Trade

Solutions to Support Trade

Facilitation

Facilitation Reforms

Reforms

Analysis of

Regulatory and

Procedural

Barriers to

Trade

Business

Process

Analysis

Trade Facilitation and

E-Business Standards and

Recommendations

Guides and

Tools

Support and

Outreach

Services

(7)

Impact of the

Impact of the w

work

ork –

– some examples

some examples

• _{Recommendation 25 UN EDIFACT:}

_{The Global EDI Standard for trade. The 12} largest European ports alone process more than 1.8 billion messages annually based on UN/EDIFACT.

• _{UN/CCL Core Component Library:}

_{The UN/CCL, together with the UNECE} Trade Data Element Directory (UN/TDED), forms the basis for the World Customs Organization (WCO) Data Model for the exchange of Customs related information world wide.

• _{Recommendation 16 UN/LOCODE:}

Use of UN/LOCODE helped reduce the costs of imports for a single company in China by almost 200 million USD per year!

• _{Recommendation 33 Single Window:}

_{71 economies around the world,}

including UNECE and non UNECE Member States, have established “Single Windows” (SW) using this recommendation as a basis (World Bank Doing Business Report Data 2014). The use of Single Window saves in some of these countries up to 10% of the value of goods (World Bank study)

• _{Trade Facilitation Implementation Guide (TFIG):}

_{Over half a billion hits per} month!

• _{Support to the Greek Government:}

Development of the Greek TF Roadmap – reduced ranking in Logistics Performance Index from 49 to 24 in two years.

Recommends Governments to establish Single Window

for Cross Border Trade

Defines features:

• one time submission

• ..of standardized information and documents

• sharing of information amongst government

agencies;

• coordinated controls and inspections of the various

governmental authorities;

• Allow payment of duties and other charges;

• Be a source of trade related government information

.

Single Window

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UNECE’s Work for SWs

UNECE

Policy

Rec.s

UN/CEFACT

UNECE

Standards

UN/CEFACT

UNECE / UNNExT Guidelines, Briefs, Case Studies

O

u

tr

e

a

ch

a

n

d

S

u

p

o

rt

WTO TF Agreement and Single Window

16

Article 10.4 Single Window

4.1 Members shall endeavour to establish or

maintain a single window

4.2 “single submission of information”

4.4 .use information technology to support

the single window.

(9)

Benefits of SWs:

Benefits of SWs: E

Evidence

vidence

17

Source: UNECE Trade Facilitation Implementation Guide (2012) – WTO Case Studies (2011) - UN/CEFACT SW Repository

Senegal

Thaïland

Benefits:

Pre-clearance formalities – from 4 days to 0.5 days

Customs Clearance – from 18 to 9 days

Export times - from 22 to 11 days

Customs revenue - from USD 625 Mlllion a year

(2005) to 1.2 Bn a year (2011)

Benefits:

Export costs reduced from 848 USD in 2007 to 595

Savings on logistic costs USD 1.5 Bn per year

Number of documents for import – from 12 to 3

Number of documents for export – from 9 to 4

Time to export – from 24 to 14 days

After

After 12

12 years, some observations

years, some observations

• SWs have become a strategic national

instruments to facilitate trade, enhance

collaboration between trade related government

agencies, and increase export competitiveness

• The goal of SW is not a SW!

• SW is more likely in developing economies!

• Various models of Single Window-like platforms

have emerged, embracing both regulatory and

logistics aspects of the supply chain – need to

integrate these!

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Ground

Ground work

work:

: Improve

Improve the

the overall

overall Trade

Trade

Faciltiation

Faciltiation Environment

Environment

19

Facilitation of agriculture trade happens in a lager

context

High level policy support

National Trade Facilitation Committee

Legal reforms

Customs automation

ePayment system

International expertise

Single Window Architecture Plan.

UNECE Single

UNECE Single Window

Window Concept

Concept

20

Establish a platform for collaboration between stakeholders

Use eBusiness technology as a tool

(11)

Single Window Environment

21

EU “Single Window Environment“*

–

Development of automated platforms for stakeholder

collaboration (IOS)

–

These platforms will be networked

–

Single Window is not a system, but a collaboration of

systems (similar to Internet)

Greece Architecture

–

Greece Single Window is a network of IOS systems

–

Independent, stepwise development

–

Schedule: Customs, MENOS (agriculture), Port SW, ..

–

development of agriculture SW platform in Greece

as a pilot for Greece Single Window

*Reference: Venice Declaration October 2014

:

Trade

SW

Customs Department Traders Other government agencies Health Department Customs Brokers Agriculture Department Quarantine & SPS Agency

Trade Single Window

(12)

Emergence of Multiple

Emergence of Multiple Single Window

Single Window--like Platforms

like Platforms

Airport Cargo Community Systems Freight Forwarders Terminal Operators Customs _Airport Authorities Trade SW e-Trade Buyers/Importers Sellers/Exporters Importer’s Banks Exporter’s Banks Maritime SW Marine Department Ship Piloting Vessel Traffic Safety Ship Agents Port Authority Terminal Operator Vessel Operator Port Community System (PCS) Freight Forwarders Hauler Operators Warehouses Terminal Operators Regulatory Agents Port-equipment Operators Customs Department Quarantine &

SPS Agency Other government agencies Health Department Customs Brokers Traders Traders

SW as a Collaborative Network of Information Systems

Airport Cargo Community Systems Freight Forwarders Terminal Operators Customs _Airport Authorities Trade SW e-Trade Buyers/Importers Sellers/Exporters Importer’s Banks Exporter’s Banks Maritime SW Marine Department Ship Piloting Vessel Traffic Safety Ship Agents Port Authority Terminal Operator Vessel Operator Port Community System (PCS) Freight Forwarders Hauler Operators Warehouses Terminal Operators Regulatory Agents Port-equipment Operators Customs Department Quarantine &

SPS Agency Other government agencies Health Department Customs Brokers Traders Traders

Single Window

Collaborative

Environment

(13)

Collaboration Scenario between IOIS

Customs

Border Control

Food and Veterinary

Safety and Security

Other

OGAs

Ground

Handlers

Terminal

Operators

Freight Forwarders

Transporters

Warehouses

Air Carriers

Regulatory

Agencies

Transport

Operators

Related to a Airport

Civil

Aviation

Environment of

Interoperability

between NSW & PCS

NSW

PCS

NSW

AirPort Community System Trade Single Window

• Managerial

• Legal

• Technical

• Business

(14)

UNECE current and future work on Single Window

• Preparation of a “White Paper” on

“Single Window Environment”– 2015

• Possible Round Table on “SW

Environment”– in late 2015

• UNECE UN/CEFACT Symposium on

Future SW – Next Steps – by late

2016?

All UNECE and UN/CEFACT

Recommendations, codes, standards and

publications are available for free on our

website at:

–

www.unece.org/

–

www.unece.org/trade

–

www.unece.org/cefact/

–

tfig.unece.org

E-mail: [email protected]