Important Information for Plumbers

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This section of the Plumbers Technical Manual has been expanded over previous issues to include more technical and installation information to assist the industry when specifying and installing Caroma Products.

Caroma sanitaryware products have been designed to conform to the appropriate Australian product standards and to recognise the National Plumbing Code AS/NZS 3500.2.2 requirements in regard to service connections and performance.

Installers should be aware that the requirements of the National Plumbing Code are minimum standards and are based upon the premise that all aspects of the installation are correct and without fault. Should there be any elements which are not within the restraints of the Code conditions, such as trueness of bore, incorrect jointing or increased restrictions of ventilation to the system, then this may lead to the system failing and/or providing inefficient performance.

Where any doubt regarding the installation is anticipated, an increase over Code requirements would be prudent action. Caroma Smartflush 4.5/3 Litre Dual Flush Technology Detailed in the relevant product sections is a comprehensive range of matched cisterns and pans with Caroma Smartflush 4.5/3 litre Dual Flush technology. Featuring compact cistern designs, and suitable for domestic and commercial applications, Caroma has designed the water efficient suites for Australian conditions to meet market, performance and authority requirements.

®

The more stars the more water efficient

A joint government and industry program

litres per full flush litres per half flush

4.5 3

3.5 litres per average flush For more information and to compare

products, refer to: www.waterrating.gov.au When tested in accordance with Standard AS/NZS 6400 WATER RATING Licence No. 0001

Where authorized, 4.5/3 litre Dual Flush toilet suites are suitable for septic installations with the use of external overflow cisterns.

Product Variations

Caroma Industries Ltd reserves the right to alter, vary, change and to delete product designs and performance without notice.

Dimensions

All dimensions are in millimetres and are subject to normal manufacturing variations.

Important Information

for Plumbers

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1. Installation

Through our experience in the field we have found that many problems are installation related. Therefore the importance of the installing plumber to be aware of any special installation requirements for a product prior to the commencement of the job cannot be over-stated. Detailed product installation instructions are provided with the National Plumbing Code AS/NZS 3500.2.2 and local authority requirements which may vary from the code. Also reference must always be made to current issues of either the Caroma Technical Manual together with Authority Plumbing Codes. If further information is required contact your local Caroma representative.

For your general reference we have provided in the following pages product installation information that should be of assistance to the industry to create more awareness of our product installation requirements together with general plumbing requirements. Setout Dimensions

The setout dimension details the position of the plumbing pipe work inlet, outlet connections and fixing positions. These dimensions are the most important requirements that the customer and plumber must be aware of after the product selection has been made. Caroma products have varying setout requirements depending on the product type.

Opal II Setout Dimensions Standard Uniconnector Setout Range 80mm – 185mm Important 22mm approx. projection from wall 1/2" B.S.P. Nipple Finished wall Uniconnector 140 recommended range 80mm –185mm 185 260 220 Fixed connection

position for all setouts Pan outlet Pan foot

level

• S-Trap Close-Coupled Suites/Pans Atrego Wall Faced Suite 80 – 180mm

recommended setout 140mm. 180mm – 230mm with optional offset connector with bedding mix only. Cato Wall Faced Suite 80 – 180mm

recommended setout 140mm. 181mm – 220mm with optional offset connector with bedding mix only. Cube Wall Faced Suite 80 – 185mm

recommended setout 140mm. 186mm – 220mm with optional offset connector with bedding mix only.

*

Geo Wall Faced Suite 80mm – 170mm

recommended setout 140mm. 170mm – 240mm with optional offset

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Leda

Wall Faced Suite 80mm – 180mm recommended setout 140mm. 180mm – 230mm with optional offset connector with bedding mix only.

*

Metro Wall Faced Suite 80 – 180mm

*

Milan Wall Faced Suite 80mm – 185mm

*

Neo Wall Faced Suite 80 – 180mm

*

Opal II and Opal II Easy Height Wall Faced Suites

80mm – 185mm

*

Opal Suite Wall Faced Suite

80mm – 185mm

*

Pearl Wall Faced Suite 80mm – 185mm

*

Senate Wall Faced Suite 80mm – 180mm

*

Stirling Wall Faced Suite 80mm – 180mm

*

Atrego Suite recommended setout 140mm adjustable range 80mm – 180mm with optional offset connector.

†

Cameo Suite recommended setout 140mm adjustable range 90mm – 190mm with orbital offset connector. Caravelle 2000 Suite recommended setout 140mm

adjustable range 80mm – 180mm with optional offset connector.

† Caravelle Easy Height

Suite

recommended setout 140mm adjustable range 90mm – 190mm with orbital offset connector. Regal II Suite recommended setout 140mm

adjustable range 100mm – 180mm with optional offset connector.

†

Profile 4 Suite 140mm setout fixed. §

Profile 4 Deluxe Suite recommended setout 140mm adjustable range 100mm – 180mm with optional offset connector.

† Profile 5 with Integrated

Hand Basin Suite

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Profile 5 Deluxe with Integrated Hand Basin Suite

recommended setout 140mm adjustable range 100mm – 180mm with optional offset connector.

†

Regal II and Regal Deluxe Suite

recommended setout 140mm adjustable range 100mm – 180mm with optional offset connector..

†

Senate Suite 140mm setout fixed. §

Stirling Suite recommended setout 140mm adjustable range 100mm – 180mm with optional offset connector.

†

* Important: Do not use offset connectors with the supplied Uniconnector when installing these suites. The use of offset connectors may cause the pan to siphon during the flush cycle. † Important: Use only Caroma performance approved offset

connector Code No.687270.

§ Important: These suites are not suitable for offset connectors with an offset greater than 15mm. Even if the offset connector may have Water mark approval it may cause the pan to syphon during the flush cycle, due to a reduction in through-way dimension of the connector.

§ This note also applies to all suites with Concorde Concealed, Concorde Connector, Cosmo Care, Exposed (Retro), Junior, Trident, Trident Care and Vintage pans. AS 2887 specifies the waterway of the pan connector shall allow the passage of a sphere of diameter 72+0, –1mm.

• S-Trap Pedestal Pans

The recommended setout for pedestal pans is 165mm with an adjustable range dependant on the type of cistern used. • P-Trap Close-Coupled and Pedestal Pan Setout

The P-trap setout for all close-coupled and pedestal pans is 185mm from the pan foot level.

• Wall Hung Pans Setout Dimension

The setout dimension for a wall hung pan is taken from the finished floor. The bolt hole and inlet positions are critical to the installation. Wall hung pans are suitable for installation with non compressible wall materials only.

Inlet

Finished floor 180

Bolt hole centres

Wall contact area for pan must be true and flat Outlet 43 32 408 213 Setout Dimensions for Cube Pan

155 365 40 Nominal 200 Inlet Outlet Finished Floor Setout Dimensions

for Walvit Pan Bolt Hole Centres

210

Wall contact area for pan must be true and flat

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Setout Dimensions for Metro Pan

Inlet 180

Bolt Hole Centres

Wall contact area for pan must be true and flat Outlet 43 32 408 236 Finished floor • Pedestal and Shrouded Basins

Detailed information is provided on the appropriate basin pages in this manual which will assist in the setting out of bracket fixing positions for noggins and pipe work to clear pedestals/shrouds. Caravelle 550 Pedestal Setout

70

50

Recommended 865

835 appr

ox. D.200 Fixing Centr

e 510550 205 435 195 Finished floor 280 ₃₀

D.200 basin fixing kit hole centre positions

220 300 * 38 Finished Wall 195 165 Centre of Basin 40mm DWV PVC or copper pipe Basin waste outlet Pedestal Pedestal Setout Caroma S-trap only

*40mm Caroma Plastic P-trap outlet centre.

Caravelle 550 Shroud Setout

Recommended 865

835 approx. D.200 Fixing Centre

195

Finished floor

280 ₃₀

220

280

475

290mm from front edge of shroud 380 Hot & Cold water inlet centre

200 shroud width Inlet position

to allow for shroud 80

Yorkshire 1/2" x 1/2" Number 10 300mm Flexible coupling Shroud inlet detail 280 40 *40mm Caroma Plastic

P-trap outlet centre.

To ensure that the pedestal/shroud will conceal the pipe work without interference it is essential that the accurate setout and use of recommended Caroma traps are used for optimum installations. Note: The waste pipe floor position is offset from the waste outlet centre in the pedestal setout.

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• Bidette

It is essential that a Bidette is setout as specified to allow access for plumbing connections and ease of use.

The Caroma 40mm short inlet S and P-trap kit (Code No.102119) has been specially developed for use with standard bidettes to ensure the correct floor clearances are maintained for trouble free installation. For Leda bidette use S-trap (Code No.687165) or P-trap (Code No.687164).

Important: All dimensions are to the bidette foot level. It is important to make height allowance for bedding.

Leda Bidette Setout

Concealed

Fixing Bracket Concealed Fixing Bracket

800mm minimum recommended for comfortable use

P-trap Bidette Fixing Kit Code No.687164 S-trap Bidette Fixing Kit Code No.687165 71 100 225 115 137 225

P-Trap Setout S-Trap Setout

357 155 225 70 610 Pop up waste control knob 365 690mm min. setout 140 70 210 140 min. setout Royale Bidette Setout

800 mm minimum recommended for comfortable use

40 Centre line of bidette Waste pipe position can 50 225 170 Finished Floor P-trap Royale Bidette Setout Details

40mm short inlet S or P-trap supplied

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Pan Foot Level

The reference point taken from

Pan Foot Level the level from the under-side of the foot to the relevant height dimension. This height dimension is constant and unaffected by bedding thickness which may vary from our recommendations.

Roughing in

The roughing in is the preliminary stage carried out by the plumber involving the positioning of waste pipe work and water inlet connections before the wall/floor finishes are added.

At this stage the plumber must be aware of essential setout requirements and make allowances for wall and floor finishes to determine finished setout dimensions. Liaison must be made with the finishing trade to ensure that essential setout dimensions are achieved. Failure by the plumber to liaise and instruct the finishing trade of the setout requirements and the allowance that has been made for the type of floor/wall finish is the major reason why setout problems occur.

At this stage for stud walls, noggins should be posi tioned into the frame for the support of cistern and basin fixings.

Pan/Bidette Fixing

There are two installation methods to fix a pan/bidette to the finished floor either by bedding or screw/bracket fixing. • Bedding Mix

All height dimensions to underside of the foot, make allowance for mortar bedding. The pan should be fixed to the floor with a sand cement mixture of 3:1 to a depth of 60mm.

NOTE: Do not use lime or fast drying cement as this may crack the foot of the pan. When bedded the back of the pan should be approximately 10mm above the finished floor.

Cato Pan

Bedding installation Fixing Hole Cover Detail _{for Bedding Installations}

(Cato, Cube, Geo, Leda, Metro, Neo, Opal II, Opal II Easy Height and Pearl only) Level pan when bedding

Pan height

Finished floor level

Height of P-Trap 10mm bedded position Blanking Cap Pan Foot • Screw/bracket Fixing Installation

The pan can be fixed directly to the finished floor with either corrosion resistant screws and pan guard washers or the D.80 Concealed bracket where applicable. The pan should be fixed into a bed of silicone sealant.

Bracket Fixing Detail D.80 Concealed Fixing Bracket Cap Fixing Head Pan Foot Silicone Bedding Threaded Stud Plastic Sleeve D.80 Concealed Fixing Bracket

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Height of P-trap

Level pan when bedding

Finished floor 185

Finished Wall

Screw Fixing Installation Important:

Do not use the pan screw holes as a guide for drilling as this may crack

the pan. _{Bedding height}

position max. 5mm

silicone around foot. Position and push pan onto connector

Wall-Hung Pan Fixing

The Caroma wall-hung pans have been developed to be fixed to the finished wall using the Invisi II or Sanifix Bracketing Systems. The systems allow for varying wall finishes providing installation flexibility for both structural and non structural walls. The bracket is positioned during the roughing in stage. It is very important that accurate setouts are achieved so that the final installation is according to specification.

The installation of wall-hung pans is critical and must be carried out following the installation procedures on the pan carton. This will ensure the function and safety of the installation.

When installing wall-hung pans ensure the contact area on the wall for fitting the pan is flat and true. Check with a straight edge before installation.

The pan must be secured to the wall with Caroma brackets and fixings. A torque wrench must be used to ensure the bolts are tightened to the required figures in the installation instructions. • Cube Wall-Hung Pan Installation Detail

Accurate positioning of the waste pipe relative to studwork is essential. Cube Wall Hung pan illustrated

Access plate and buttons Invisi II cistern 90 min. 365 centre of inlet 582 947 Finished floor 408 ref 550 213 Integrated isolating valve supplied 400-420 Frame 45 25 40 6 min. – 45 max. wall thickness

170 max. from finished wall with Invisi II WH pan connector For 100mm UPVC DWV connection use Caroma Invisi II wall hung waste connector

55 min. to underside of noggin

D.403 Invisi II Wall Hung Pan Bracket. Suitable for structural slab or stud wall installation (not supplied).

Note: access to cistern internals can be achieved through button plate.

Cube Wall-Hung Pan Fixing Detail with Invisi II Inwall Cistern

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• Cube Wall-Hung Pan Installation Detail

Cube Fixing Detail

10

Sleeve Fixing Bush

Pan

Stud Inlet Kee Seal Inlet pipe Rubber Gasket Notch Facing Outwards Inlet Finished floor 180

Bolt hole centres

Wall contact area for pan must be true and flat Outlet 43 32 408 213 Setout Dimensions for Cube Pan

Inlet Pipe

Inlet Kee Seal

Cube Inlet Detail

Finished Wall 29 _{Length of} inlet pipe from finished wall Ø100mm Waste Pipe Stud secured behind the wall with approved Caroma bracket Fixing assembly

38mm Length of Stud from Finished Wall

40mm

Cube Installation Detail

Caulk with acetic silicone sealant Finished wall Standard Pan Collar Rubber Gasket Fixing Bush

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• Walvit Wall-Hung Pan Installation Detail 90 min 365 centr e of inlet 582 947

Walvit Wall-Hung Pan Fixing Detail with Invisi II Inwall Cistern

55 210 405 r ef. 570 210 400 – 420 Frame 45 Invisi II cistern

55 min. to underside of noggin

29 6 min. – 45 max. wall thickness

170 max. from finished wall with Invisi II wall hung pan connector For 100mm UPVC DWV connection use Caroma Invisi II wall hung waste connector Integrated

isolating valve supplied

Invisi II access plate and buttons

Walvit Fixing Detail

Rubber Gasket Stud Plastic Cup Washer Rubber Sleeve Stainless Steel Washer Fixing Nut Pan Inlet Kee Seal Inlet Pipe 155 365 40 Nominal 200 Inlet Outlet Finished Floor Setout Dimensions

for Walvit Pan Bolt Hole Centres

210

Wall contact area for pan must be true and flat

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Inlet Pipe

Inlet Kee Seal

Walvit Inlet Detail

Finished Wall 25 _{Length of} inlet pipe from finished wall Ø100mm DWV Stud secured behind the wall with suitable Caroma bracket Fixing assembly

Finished wall Length of Stud from

Finished Wall

Walvit Installation Detail

Caulk with suitable silicone rubber compound 55Min. 60Max. Gasket Standard Pan Collar Cistern Fixing

Caroma Cisterns are fixed into position with two methods depending on the model.

• Wall Fixing (Wallmount or Connector type)

Fixing holes are provided in the back of the cistern which allows the cistern to be fixed directly to the wall or onto the quick fix bracket. For stud and non-structural walls noggins, studs or other suitable means of support must be provided during the roughing in stage.

• Direct Pan Fixing (Close Coupled)

The Artego, Cato, Cube, Geo, Leda, Metro, Milan, Neo, Opal II, Opal, Pearl, Senate, Stirling, Cameo, Caravelle 2000, Caravelle Easy Height, Profile 4, Profile 4 Deluxe, Profile 5, Profile 5 Deluxe Regal II, Regal Deluxe and Sovereign toilet suites are fixed directly to the pan.

Pan

Cato, Care 800, Cube, Geo, Leda, Metro, Opal II, Opal II Easy Height Opal, Pearl and Stirling Cistern Fixing

Cistern Retaining stud

Foam seal Artego, Cameo, Caravelle 2000, Milan, Neo, Regal II, Regal Deluxe, Profile 4, Profile 4 Deluxe, Profile 5, Profile 5 Deluxe and Senate Cistern Fixing Wing nut Cistern V.C blind wing nut Cistern bolt rubber seal Foam seal Cistern Pan Captured nut toggle

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Urinal Fixing

The Cube3_{, Cube H}₂_{Zero, Leda, Integra and Torres urinals have}

been designed to be mounted to appropriate bracketing fixed to the finished wall.

For stud and non structural walls noggins, studs or other suitable means of support must be provided during the roughing in stage to fix the urinal brackets.

• Cube3 Urinal Fixing Detail

Finished Floor 80 260

337

Vitreous china grate

665

371

P-trap outlet centr

e 458 58 Inlet Centr e * 615 appr ox.

D.167 Concealed Fixing Bracket

* 610 recommended standard height

400 recommended disabled height 50mm PVC DWV or

Copper DWV

2° Slope

26 Nominal 20mm

sparge brass pipe (not supplied)

35

2 Kee Seals supplied to suit PVC or Copper DWV outlet connection

D.167 Concealed Fixing Bracket

(wall fixings not supplied)

Plastic Cap Fixing Stud Plastic Sleeve 371

P-trap outlet centr

e

92

52

40

Plastic Waste Trap Roughing in for Bracket and Trap Positions

20 Centre of Urinal

615 appr

ox.

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• CubeH2Zero Urinal Fixing Detail

260

333

600 appr

ox.

80

600

* 610 recommended standard height

400 recommended disabled height

Waste Connector Assembly (Wall fixing screws not supplied) Roughing in for Bracket and Waterless Cartridge Installation

Finished Floor Waste Connector D.167 Concealed Fixing Bracket 50mm PVC DWV Drain outlet 5˚ slope 395 outlet centr e with 5˚ slope to wall 135 35 18 50mm PVC DWV 600 appr ox.

80

D.167 Concealed Fixing Bracket (wall fixings not supplied)

Plastic Cap Fixing Stud Plastic Sleeve Specially designed

tool for Bio SealTM

and Bio Fresh replacement Waterless Cartridge Vandal Resistant Metal Grate Replaceable Bio Fresh Block Replaceable Bio SealTM Waste Body Waterless Cartridge

Code Description

H2Zero Cartridge Tool

687332 H2Zero Cleaning Liquid (5L)

687334 H2Zero Replacement Service Kit

(10 x BioFresh and 10 x BioSeal)

687335 H2Zero Cartridge Tool and

Replacement Cap Kit

687341 H2Zero BioFresh (pack of 20)

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• Leda Urinal Fixing Detail 355 540 315 882 597 D.170 Concealed fixing Bracket centr e

*

650 recommended height 400 recommended disabled height

*

80 oultet centr e 379 Standar d 129 Disabled 438 65 35 Vitreous China Grate P-trap roughing in for waste pipe

50 or 40mm Brass pipe work or 40mm PVC DWV. Kee seal available for 50mm brass option

18 19mm sparge_{Brass pipe}

(not supplied) 10 80 597 D.170 Concealed Fixing Bracket centr e 86 817 65 537 379 Centr e of outlet to the floor 118 10mm offset 86 Centre of Urinal 118 IMPORTANT

Roughing in for Bracket and Trap positions

Wall Waste Pipe installation – supplied with P-trap Urinal Suitable for connection to 50mm Brass waste pipe (separate Kee Seal required) and 40mm Brass or 40mm PVC SWV

Plastic Siphonic P-trap

D.170 Concealed Fixing Bracket

(wall fixings not supplied)

Plastic Cap Fixing Stud

Fixing Head

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• Integra Urinal Fixing Detail 365 365 Bracket Fixing 265 648 385 465 495 Standard 285 Disabled 33 150 Back inlet Outlet centre D775 Concealed fixing bracket Vitreous china grate

610 recommended standard height 400 recommended disabled height

*

5° Slope 90 Waste pipe Ø50 O.D. Brass or Ø50 I.D. – P.V.C. Two Rubber Seal options are provided

183

175 _{Bracket fixing}

Recommended height from floor to bracket fixing centre: Standard – 445mm Disabled – 235mm.

Urinal inlet pipe

D.775 Concealed Fixing Bracket D.775 Concealed Fixing Bracket 1/2/15x14 T.P.I. pipe thread

Inlet Pipe Detail

Sliding wedge Brass Tie Hook Brass wingnut and washer Sparge Pipe Wedge adjustment and Tie Hook Detail

Adjustment screw Inlet Seal

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• Torres Urinal Fixing Detail 425 390 90 Domed outlet grating Adjustable spreader 720 485 535 Standard 325 Disabled 25 Outlet centre

610mm recommended standard height. 400mm recommended disabled person.

Alternative top inlet use D.300 top inlet tie

Back inlet use D.301 sparge pipe bracket

Finished floor 500

*

30 145 Waste pipe Ø50 O.D. Brass or Ø50 I.D. – P.V.C. Two Rubber Seal options are provided

Trap outlet 5° slope

• Top and Back Inlet Setouts and Fittings

Fig.1: D.300 Top Inlet Sparge Pipe Urinal Assembly

25 25 Fig.1 75 250 590 45 Soil Outlet Pipe M12x4 5˚ Slope on Soil Outlet 30 C L D.232 Support Bracket x 2 85

Rubber Kee Seal provides water tight seal for Ø50mm O.D. Pipe M8 x 2 Cover to be secured to wall with loxins Sparge Pipe

*

75 Flush Pipe Flush Pipe Nut

Seal Sparge Pipe Nut

Cover Lock Nut Spacer Wedge Sleeve Sparge Pipe Lock Nut Fibre Washer Sleeve Lock Nut Water Spreader Socket Set-Screw Top Inlet Setout Dimensions 610mm recommended standard height. 400mm recommended disabled person.

*

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Fig.1 120 250 485 75 45 Soil Outlet Pipe M12x4 5˚ Slope on Soil Outlet 30 CL D.232 Support Bracket x 2 85 Inlet Pipe M8x2

*

Rubber Kee Seal provides water tight seal for Ø50mm O.D. Pipe 610mm recommended standard height. 400mm recommended disabled person.

*

Torres Urinal Back Inlet Setout Dimensions

Fig.1: D.301 Back Inlet Sparge Pipe Assembly

D301 Bracket Sparge Pipe Sleeve Lock Nut Socket Set-Screw Water Spreader 15 / 20 Fix D.301 bracket to wall with Loxins • Urinal Brackets and Fittings

Locks into wall D.232 Bracket Spigot Screw Urinal Lock Nut Wall Adjustment D.232 Support Bracket Grate Fixing Tighten screw to secure

To adjust, remove set-screw and chrome cover.

Turn adjuster left or right to control water sparging action. Replace chrome cover and set screw.

NOTE: Use thread-sealing tape where required.

Adjustable Water Spreader

Adjuster Chrome Cover

Set-screw Torres Urinaltop and back water

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Wall Basin Fixing

All plumbing work for the water and waste pipe connections for the basin is positioned during the roughing in stage.

For timber stud and non-structural wall noggins or other suitable means of support must be built for the basin bracket at the recommended height. Basin Taphole Size Configurations Ø34.0 + 2.0 0.0 Ø28.0 + 2.0 0.0 Ø34.0 + 2.0 0.0

Three Tapholes One Taphole

• Pedestal Wall Basin Fixing

For the fixing of basin brackets to timber stud walls the noggins must be positioned at the specified height to allow for the location of fasteners at the detailed bracket fixing positions. The bracket centre fixing positions are detailed as the following typical drawings show on the specific wall basin product. Check setout with pedestal and basin to determine bracket wall mounting position.

835 appr

e

280

D.200 Basin Fixing Kit Caravelle 550 Basin Fixing

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• Shroud Wall Basin Fixing

D.210 Concealed Fixing Clip: suitable with D.200 bracket and 40mm Caroma plastic P-trap. Note: it is essential for the installation of the shroud to the basin that clearance is provided for the shroud in the plumbing setout from water inlet pipes and connections.

Recommended 865

835 appr

e

195

Finished floor

280 30

220 280 475 290mm fr om front edge of shr oud

380 Hot & Cold water inlet centr

e

200 shroud width Inlet position

to allow for shroud 80

Yorkshire 1_/2" x 1_/2" Number 10 300mm Flexible coupling Shroud inlet detail 300 * 40

D.210 Concealed Fixing Clip Assembly included with Shroud

Caravelle 550 Basin and Shroud Fixing

*40mm Caroma Plastic P-trap outlet centre. 290mm for Shroud installations with Chrome covered waste

Concealed Fixing Bracket: Bolts to wall and secures Geo/Liano shroud in position. Use 40mm Caroma plastic P-trap. Note: it is essential for the installation of the shroud to the basin that clearance is provided for the shroud in the plumbing setout from water inlet pipes and connections.

Concealed Fixing Bracket included with Shroud

Geo 500 Basin and Shroud Fixing

Inlet position to allow for shroud

320 Hot & cold water inlet

centr

e

385

717 appr

ox. Concealed

Fixing Bracket centr

e 80 M & F 1/2" brass elbow with shroud only Flexible coupling 220 320 160 230 D.200 Fixing centr es 815 appr ox. with Shr oud Recommended 865 * Finished Floor * For Shroud installations with Chrome covered waste

Plastic Cap Fixing Stud

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Vanity Basin Fixing

Vanity basin rims must be sealed to the counter top with an acetic cured silicone sealant. Epoxy type glues must not be used as this may lead to cracking of the basin in granite and marble vanity tops.

Basins supplied with a template which must be used for the counter top cut-out. • Over Counter Basins. Counter top Counter top 170 Vanity Basin

Caravelle 600 Vanity Basin Fixing IMPORTANT: Use only an acetic _{cured silicone sealant.}

Epoxy type glues must not be used.

• Under Counter Basins. Counter top 215 Countertop Cabinet Fixing Alloy Bracket for wooden counter tops 12 Marble Top

Fix timber blocks to top with 2 part epoxy Aluminium clip bracket for marble and granite counter tops 2 x Gauge 10 pan head screws (20mm) Ensure fixing brackets are clear of bowl IMPORTANT

Use only an acetic cured silicone sealant. Epoxy type glues must not be used.

IMPORTANT

Use only an acetic cured silicone sealant. Epoxy type glues must not be used.

Vanity Basin

Caravelle 600 Under Counter Vanity Basin Fixing

Vanity Basin

Marble Top Fixing

Four Aluminium Clip Brackets (supplied with basin) for fixing basin to marble or granite counter tops.

Four Alloy Brackets (not supplied) are for fixing basin to wooden counter tops. The rim of the basins must be sealed to the underside of the counter top with an acetic cured silicone sealant. Epoxy type glues must not be used.

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• Semi Recessed Basins. 250 220 170 30 205 300mm or 330mm when using D.251 Heavy Duty Bracket, variable when using D.250 Tie Brackets. Note: Local authorities have requirements for minimum basin to wall dimensions. 570 470 20mm max. apron thickness 170 143 75 30 163mm min. apron

Laser Semi Recessed Vanity Basin

Basin A Apron A Caravelle 600 160 180 Caravelle 550 158 178 Carboni II 90 170 Concorde 500 155 175 Cosmo 150 175 Geo 120 168 Laser 143 163 Leda Vasque 110 130 Liano 105 125 Milan 150 170 Opal Sole 67 135 Pearl 102 150

Cut-out templates are supplied with each basin and must be used. The rim of the basin must be sealed to the top and front section with an acetic cured silicone sealant.

Tie hook assembly

M8 fasteners into wall

Waste tie assembly M4 suitable screws into soffit of counter (not supplied)

D.250 Bracket with Tie Hooks D.251 Galvanised Metal

Frame and Waste Tie

Brass Wingnut and Washer Tie Hook

D.250 Bracket with Tie Hooks: Two brackets are fixed to the underside of the counter top to secure the tie hooks which anchor the back of the basin to the counter top.

D.251 Galvanised Metal Frame and Waste Tie: Recommended for wall hung counter top and heavy duty commercial applications, incorporates tie hooks and waste tie assembly.

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Pressed Steel Bath Fixing

• Stirling/Shark and Mayfair Shower Bath Built in bath installations

1. Protect the bath from accidental damage in handling and installa-tion. Check the porcelain enamel surface carefully on removal of packaging materials prior to and again after installation. 2. Accurate setout for the bath waste is essential. Set out the

pipe work for the bath and check the alignment with the waste before installation.

3. Build in the bath support structure as detailed below for timber, steel or masonry installations and grade bath sub-floor to local Authorities requirements.

4. The bath must be supported continuously and evenly under the entire rim and the bath rim support must positively locate the bath, plumbing connections must not be used to restrain the bath against movement. (See detail below).

5. Metal Pipe work Installation: To avoid damage to the porcelain enamel surface forces must not be applied to the bath by exces-sively rigid pipe work or misaligned pipe work. Do not support the bath with the pipe work. Metal waste pipe work must incorporate a suitable flexible coupling equivalent to that shown in detail below which will accommodate a slight misalignment. For trap installations above the floor level ensure that the bottom of the trap or pipe work has a minimum 10mm clearance from the floor level below the bath. (See detail below).

6. Plastic waste pipe work Installation: To avoid damage to the porcelain enamel surface forces must not be applied to the bath by excessively rigid pipe work or misaligned pipe work. Do not support the bath with the pipe work. Plastic waste pipe work must be unrestrained for a length of 300mm from the waste outlet fitting or a flexible coupling used. (See detail below). For trap installations above the floor level ensure the bottom of the pipe work has a 10mm clearance from the floor. (See detail below). 7. Before enclosing and tiling the bath, ensure that all the

connec-tions and pipe work are watertight. Ensure that the bath drains fully prior to completion of installation. The air space beneath the bath should be ventilated to the requirements of local Authorities. 8. Apply an approved flexible sealant to all exposed edges. 9. Enclose and tile in bath.

Cleaning and Maintenance.

Use only neat detergent or non-abrasive cream cleanser as recom-mended by the manufacturer for porcelain enamel. Apply on a soft cloth and hand rinse clean. If the bath has an optional “Sure Step” surface, clean it with a stiff polyester or nylon brush as well as with liquid cleaning detergents.

After cleaning the bath or adjacent tiles, or using bath salts, always rinse the bath clean with water to remove any chemical residues. Do not use an abrasive cleaner to remove surface grime. Note: Caroma products, treated with care, will ensure many years of satisfactory service. Avoid contact with sharp objects and do not drop heavy or hard objects onto the surface. Always fill the bath before the addition of acidic / or alkaline bath salts.

Stud

Built-in Bath Installation Timber Frame

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Tiles

Suitable moisture barrier

Installation Detail for Built-in Baths

Optional overflow position

80

Timber or Steel Stud Wall Installation

Nogging to support tiling substrate. Notch stud 25mm max. Where notching of studwork is not permitted the bath is to be supported as per detail for masonry walls. Stud Batten to support rim in all built-in sections of bath surround. 5mm gap Bath Bath Flexible sealant Wall tiles Approved wet area sheeting Wall tiles Flexible sealant Masonry walls Batten securely bolted to wall Batten securely bolted to Stud

Masonry Wall Installation Timber or Steel Frame Support Installation Approved wet area sheeting Top plate Bath Bottom Stud Wall tiles

Timber to comply with AS1684 300mm

Allow 10mm minimum clearance

IMPORTANT NOTICE FOR INSTALLATIONS:

1. Clearance must be maintained under the bath to allow free flexing of the entire bottom of the bath or shower.

2. Do not use offset connectors.

3. Ensure no misalignment of waste fitting that may cause twisting of the bath waste. (ie there are no vertical forces acting on the waste pipe connecting to the bath).

4. Compliance with AS.3740 Waterproofing of wet areas within residential buildings applies when installing baths.

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Flexible Coupling Assembly Detail A

10mm clearance

Bath Compatible sealant

Flexible thrust washer Back nut Approved brass or plastic waste outlet fitting Authorised brass or plastic expansion coupling Copper or plastic waste outlet pipework

Flexible coupling assembly eg. Iplex Code 06340. Harbic Brass Codes 01052 (Brass), 01053 (Chrome), 01054 (Gold). Note: Wrap with suitable material to protect coupling and pipework if exposed to debri or immersion in concrete. 10mm clearance Bath Compatible sealant

Flexible thrust washer

Assembly Detail C Assembly Detail B 300 unrestrained to common trap Approved brass or plastic waste outlet fitting clearance Bath Compatible sealant Approved brass or plastic waste outlet fitting 10mm

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• Starlett /Marina Bath Island Bath Installation 1. Protect the bath from accidental damage in handling and

installation. Check the porcelain enamel surface carefully on removal of packaging materials prior to and again after installation.

2. Accurate setout for the bath waste is essential. Set out the pipe work for the bath and check the alignment with the waste before installation.

3. Build the bath support structure as detailed below for timber, steel or masonry installations and grade bath sub-floor to local Authorities requirements.

4. The bath must be supported continuously and evenly under the entire rim and the bath rim support must positively locate the bath, plumbing connections must not be used to restrain the bath against movement. (See detail below.)

5. Metal Pipe Work Installation: To avoid damage to the porcelain enamel surface forces must not be applied to the bath by excessively rigid pipe work or misaligned pipe work. Do not support the bath with the pipe work. Metal waste pipe work must incorporate a suitable flexible coupling equivalent to that shown in detail below which will accommodate a slight misalignment. For trap installations above the floor level ensure that the bottom of the trap or pipe work has a minimum 10mm clearance from the floor level below the bath. (See detail below.) 6. Plastic Pipe Work Installation: To avoid damage to the

porcelain enamel surface forces must not be applied to the bath by excessively rigid pipe work or misalign pipe work. Do not support the bath with the pipe work. Plastic waste pipe work must be unrestrained for a length of 300mm from the waste outlet fitting or a flexible coupling used. (See detail below). For trap installations above the floor level ensure that the bottom of the trap or pipe work has a minimum 10mm clearance from the floor level below the bath. (See detail below.)

7. Before enclosing and tiling the bath, ensure that all the connections and pipe work are watertight. Ensure that the bath drains fully prior to completion of installation. The air space beneath the bath should be ventilated to the requirements of local Authorities.

8. Apply an approved flexible sealant to all exposed edges. 9. Enclose and tile in bath.

Cleaning and Maintenance.

Use only neat detergent or non-abrasive cream cleanser as recommended by the manufacturer for porcelain enamel. Apply on a soft cloth and hand rinse clean. If the bath has an optional “Sure Step” surface, clean it with a stiff polyester or nylon brush as well as with liquid cleaning detergents.

After cleaning the bath or adjacent tiles, or using bath salts, always rinse the bath clean with water to remove any chemical residues. Do not use an abrasive cleaner to remove surface grime. Note: Caroma products, treated with care, will ensure many years of satisfactory service. Avoid contact with sharp objects and do not drop heavy or hard objects onto the surface. Always fill the bath before the addition of acidic / or alkaline bath salts.

Island Bath Installation Timber Frame

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Starlett Hob Installation Tiles Suitable moisture barrier 300mm 385mm Tiles 32

Marina Hob Installation

Marina Hob Installation Tiles Optional overflow position 80 Suitable moisture barrier Starlett Floor Installation

423

Optional overflow position

80 75mm min. Flexible sealant Tiling Wall Bath Tiling substrate Timber frame to support bath rim and tiles all round

Island Installation for floor mounted bath

75mm min. Flexible sealant Tiling Wall Bath Tiling substrate Timber or steel frame to support

bath rim all round

Island Installation for hob mounted bath 300mm

Tiling Granite or marble

Wall

Bath Flexible sealant

Timber or steel frame to support bath rim all round

Granite and Marble Installations (not for spa bath installations) IMPORTANT NOTICE FOR INSTALLATIONS:

1. Clearance must be maintained under the bath to allow free flexing of the entire bottom of the bath or shower.

2. Do not use offset connectors.

3. Ensure no misalignment of waste fitting that may cause twisting of the bath waste. (ie there are no vertical forces acting on the waste pipe connecting to the bath).

4. Compliance with AS.3740 Waterproofing of wet areas within residential buildings applies when installing baths.

For Granite or Marble Installations The granite or stone should be independently supported, and at no time should the granite come in contact with the bath.

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Flexible Coupling Assembly Detail A

10mm clearance

Bath Compatible sealant

Flexible thrust washer Back nut Approved brass or plastic waste outlet fitting Authorised brass or plastic expansion coupling Copper or plastic waste outlet pipework

Flexible coupling assembly eg. Iplex Code 06340. Harbic Brass Codes 01052 (Brass), 01053 (Chrome), 01054 (Gold). Note: Wrap with suitable material to protect coupling and pipework if exposed to debri or immersion in concrete.

10mm clearance

Bath Compatible

sealant _{Flexible thrust washer}

Assembly Detail C Starlett Assembly Detail B Starlett

300 unrestrained to common trap Approved brass or plastic waste outlet fitting clearance Bath Compatible sealant Approved brass or plastic waste outlet fitting 10mm

Flexible thrust washer 10mm

clearance Bath Compatible sealant

Assembly Detail C Marina Assembly Detail B Marina

300 unrestrained to common trap Approved brass or plastic waste outlet fitting clearance Bath Compatible sealant Approved brass or plastic waste outlet fitting 10mm

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Acrylic Bath Fixing

1 Grade bath sub floor to local Authorities requirements. 2 Built-in Installations: Recess 50x25 support battens the full

length of bath in wall (see detail). Island Installations: Baths are suitable for island installations (see detail).

3 Remove protective film from tiling bead and waste before installation, and remove the remaining film on completion. 4 Bath Support: The design and rigidity of the Caroma baths

allows for installation without a mortar bed. The base of the baths can simply be supported with three timber supports as detailed.

5 Ensure under bath area is ventilated to the requirements of local authorities.

6 Leave “Cleaning and Maintenance Instructions” label in a position for the householder to read.

Note: All materials to appropriate Australian Standards.

Shape bricks to clear arm rest

Tiles

Ø12 copper run off tube 50x25 Timber batten Suitable moisture barrier Unfinished floor Standard 40mm waste outlet Black line indicators of wooden support

On the indicator lines, position and fix timber supports to base of the bath and floor with an approved floor and wall paneling adhesive or equivalent adhesive to provide a neat fit support . Ensure the rim of the bath is levelled during this procedure.

Floor Grade subfloor 1:60 min. or to local authority requirement

Mortar Bed Detail Acrylic Bath Support Details

Shape bricks to clear side of bath if required

Tiles Mortar Bath support bed mix 3:1

Ø12 copper run off tube Grade subfloor min.1:60 Suitable moisture barrier Unfinished floor Standard 40mm waste outlet

25 min. thick bed

Support frame

IMPORTANT:

For slab floors allow access to connect waste outlet from side of bath after bedding

50x38 framing 50 19 50x25 batten Compressed cement fibre sheet backing Tiling Stud Tiles Wall board Timber Support Alternative Built-in Installation Sealant Compressed cement fibre sheet backing Tiling Stud Island Installation 75mm min. Sealant 10

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2 Pans

Caroma 4.5/3 litre pans are manufactured in vitreous china to comply with Australian Standard AS 1172.1–1993 and are of the wash down type which are more water efficient than various types of pans used in other areas of the world. Wash down pans are the normal type pans used in Australia and throughout Europe.

In Australia there are normally three versions of each pan model – either S-trap, P-trap or skew trap.

S-Trap Pans

S-trap version pans are the highest Exposed (Retro)_{S-Trap Pan} volume installed in Australia. The pan is

easily identified with the outlet spigot of the trap connecting directly into a floor mounted pan collar.

P-Trap Pans

P-trap version pans have either a Exposed (Retro)_{P-Trap Pan} horizontal or angled outlet spigot which

connects directly into a pan collar mounted on the wall.

Skew Trap Pans Skew trap version pans are

Profile Skew Trap Pan available in left and right hand

models with a horizontal or angled outlet spigot which is offset at 90° which connects directly into a pan collar mounted on a side wall. The range of Caroma skew trap pans is limited to the Concorde pan and the Profile Skew close-coupled pan. Identification of whether left or right hand skew is when facing the pan from the front.

Shrouded Trap Pan

A pan with a shrouded trap is more up Trident Shrouded Trap Pan market than a common pan and offers

the features of improved design and ease of cleaning. The close-coupled Caravelle and Profile pans as well as the Trident pan all have shrouded traps.

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Close-Coupled Suite

A suite where the pan and the _{Caravelle 2000} Close Coupled Suite cistern are usually joined together with the flush pipe concealed. The majority of Caroma products are close-coupled in either vitreous china or plastic cistern versions.

Wall Faced Pan

A pan which can be installed with

Leda Wall Faced Pan the back face of the pan fitting directly

against the finished wall. Wall faced pans are used widely for commercial and up market domestic applications offering ease of cleaning and improved design.

Wall-Hung Pan

A wall-hung pan bolts directly to the finished wall, clear of the floor surface for ease of cleaning. This feature makes the pan ideal for use in commercial application. The installer must be aware of the critical installation requirements. Available in P-trap only.

Boxed Rim Pan

A boxed rim pan has a closed water rim with inlet holes around the underside of the rim directing water into the bowl of the pan. These pans are quieter in operation than open rim pans and are more versatile with accommodating cisterns of varying head height without splashing problems, the Leda and Walvit pans are boxed rim type

Open Rim Pan

A open rim pan has a flushing rim which is open and directs water to the front of the pan allowing water to fall freely over the bowl to wash the surfaces.

Walvit Wall-Hung Pan

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3 Cisterns

All Caroma Cisterns are manufactured in either vitreous china or plastic to comply to Australian Standard AS1172.2 and are of the underwater valve type.

Note: The majority of water authorities require 3 to 4 star WELS rated dual flushing volumes for matched pans and cisterns. Check with your local authority before specifying single flushvalve or cistern installations.

Exposed Cistern

Exposed cisterns are fixed directly to

Sovereign Exposed Cistern the finished wall and are available as

close coupled versions (fixed directly to the pan) or by means of a flush pipe. When fixed directly to the pan, the pan waste setout is normally fixed unless the pan is adjustable. The waste setout of a pan using a flush pipe is flexible as the flush pipe can be cut to the required length. Refer recommended setouts for exposed cisterns using flushvalves. Close-Coupled Cistern

A cistern which fits directly to the pan.

Caravelle 2000 Close-coupled Cistern The pan is a top entry type with the

outlet of the cistern fitting directly on the top inlet of the pan. Caroma offers both vitreous china and plastic close- coupled cisterns. Newer cisterns are bolted directly to the pan and are not fixed to the wall. This provides a better seal between cistern and pan as wall mounted cistern seals can be affected by walls being out of square. Connector Cistern A cistern which is connected

Trident Connector Cistern to the pan with the normal flush pipe

assembly. A plastic bridging connector plate is fitted to conceal the flush pipe which is cut to size with the flush pipe for varying pan setouts. Gives the appearance of a close-coupled suite but provides flexibility regarding setouts. Available for both vitreous china and plastic cisterns.

Low Level Cistern

A low level cistern installation provides _Sovereign Low Level Cistern a cistern height of between

approximately 900-1100mm and has an exposed flush pipe.

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Mid Level Cistern

A mid level cistern installation provides

Slimline Mid Level Cistern a cistern height of approximately

1300mm and has an exposed flush pipe. Mid level installations are being phased out in favour of the more acceptable close-coupled and low level installations. Now mainly required for replacement applications.

Back Inlet Cistern

The water inlet connection for a back inlet cistern is from the wall directly into the back of the cistern. The connection is completely concealed and has an integral stop valve. The Cube, Leda 2000, Geo and Opal 11 suites are standard as back inlets, with Caravelle 2000 suite being optional.

Bottom Inlet Cistern

Water connections are to the underside of the cistern via an exposed stop cock. Right hand versions, convertible to left hand are available in most cistern models. This is the standard inlet connection system used throughout Australia.

Inwall Cistern

The inwall cistern is fitted into the

Invisi II Inwall Cistern wall cavity with access to service

the cistern via a cover panel. The Invisi II inwall cistern fits into a wall cavity of 90mm and is available in single or dual flush. Flushing buttons can be up to 4 metres from the cisterns when connected to an extended pneumatic tube.

Induct Cisterns

The induct cistern is fitted into the service duct behind the pan with an access to the cistern via the duct. Two models are available in the Caroma range, Invisi II and Slimline induct cisterns.

Under Counter Cisterns

The under counter cistern is fitted under the vanity counter. The Invisi II Under Counter, Slimline Induct and Compact Under Counter cisterns are available in the Caroma range.

Inceiling Cisterns

The inceiling cistern is fitted into the ceiling cavity with access to the service via a ceiling panel. Due to the flushing head height use only box rim type pans. The remote push button Invisi II and Invisi inceiling

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Flushvalves

The Schell WC flushvalve is designed to be connected directly to the mains pressure potable water supply. Confirmation of this should be made with local authority prior to commencement of installation. The valve allows for the system to be repeatedly flushed with no fill time required making the flushvalve ideal for commercial installations with inwall, induct and inceiling models available.

Consideration should be given to the engagement of a hydraulic consultant or engineer for the design of pipelines to multiple flushvalve installations, as there are special reticulation requirements.

• Pipe work to the valve minimum diameter of 25mm.

• Minimum static pressure of 20 metres head pressure at the valve. • Flow pressure range of 20 to 50 metre head.

• Minimum flow pressure 1.4 litres per second flow pressure at the valve. Recommend 2 litres per second at the valve.

Failure to provide any or all of the above requirements may cause malfunction of the valve whether a single or multiple valve installation. Inlet Valve

Controls the delivery of water into the cistern. A super quiet fast fill inlet valve is available with some cistern models.

There are two types of inlet valves available with Caroma cisterns: Quietflow 2 Inlet Valve

Provides proven trouble

WL CL

free performance. Inlet valves can be changed from left to right or conversely depending on position of water inlet connection.

Outlet Valve

The outlet valve when activated controlsthe volume of water delivered from the cistern to the pan. The majority of Caroma cisterns are available as standard with Caroma Smartflush 4.5 litre dual flush outlet valves.

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4 Bidette

A bidette is used to wash personal areas of the body and provides greater hygiene benefits to the user. Available with over the rim spray which provides an air gap and therefore can be connected directly to the mains potable water supply.

5 Slophopper

A slophopper is used to discharge waste materials and is mainly used in hospitals (bedpan discharge), and functions in a similar manner to a WC pan and is available in S and P-trap options for pedestal pans and P-trap for wall-hung model.

6. Caroma Care

Caroma care is a range of access products for accessible applications and ambulant people.

Detailed are basin and toilet suite installations which comply to AS 1428-1. The building code of Australia now requires all commercial installations for disabled people comply to AS 1428-1.

Refer to appropriate Product section for full specifications.

Important: Reference must be made to AS 1428-1 with

current amendments to determine circulation space, grab rail and installation requirements. The dimensions may change with amendments to the standard.

Slophopper

Royale

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7 Hydraulic History

Background History

Until the 1950’s, Plumbing and Drainage systems in Australia reflected historical and business ties with the UK.

The post-war building boom gained momentum and in the 50’s and early 60’s giving the commercial pressures for modern systems. These also saved space, used new materials and as a result a move away from the practices of the UK was evidenced.

There were a number of noted researchers, mathematicians and engineers examining the previous and current systems, amongst whom were Dr R B Hunter of the USA in the post World War I era and later Mr A Wise of the UK Building Research Station. These men, and others, established new systems basing their work on mathematics as applied to fluids and gaseous volumes and Dr Hunter propounded the Theory of Probability upon which much of our present day services are based. Dr Hunter and others became increasingly aware that sanitary plumbing and drainage lines are subjected to their maximum carrying capacity for an incredibly small amount of time. This situation occurs only when multiple fixtures discharge waste water into a pipeline section at precisely the same or over-lapping time.

To assist researchers a measurement of volume known as a “Fixture Unit” was allotted to each sanitary fixture to give an individual and progressive “in line” Fixture Unit Rating. His work on the water supply reticulation was also based upon the Theory of Probability and fixture unit ratings for water flow to various fixtures.

Broadly the present pipe sizing of our sanitary plumbing/drainage systems find their origins in the Theory of Probability and the Fixture Unit Ratings.

The earlier Researchers by mathematical formulae and practical tests established suitable pipe sizes commensurate to pipe loadings. The Researchers and subsequently many others found that the free flow of air above the mass of water in a horizontal sanitary plumbing pipeline or in a centre of the falling volume of water of a vertical stack was the key in providing a safe sanitary plumbing system.

The periodical build up of water to a situation where the entire pipe diameter is filled is the ‘problem’ period which if not offset by correct venting will lead to the loss of trap seal due to either Self Siphonage or Induced Siphonage. The loss of trap seal from any cause, resulting in sewer gasses entering a room can be also defined as a ‘System Failure’ and must be avoided.

In most sanitary plumbing systems some minor loss of trap seal depth will be experienced due to the action of pressures within the system (usually referred to as ‘Waving Out’). For this reason the trap depths are normally 75mm for normal line trap whereas fixture traps, WC pans, slophoppers, are the earlier depth of 50mm. This minor loss is acceptable and has been provided for in the trap dimensions. Attention to venting details of the system is critical to its success.

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8 Plumbing Terms and Definitions

1 Plumbing

Incorporates services such as sanitary plumbing, cold and hot water services, flusherette systems, gas supplies, fire prevention services, roof work, down pipes and the installation of sanitary fixtures, taps and outlets.

2 Drainage

Is a commonly used term referring to underground systems such as sewer pipelines, storm water systems and sub-soil drainage systems. 3 Sanitary Plumbing System

Refers to the pipes, fittings, fixtures and appliances used to collect and convey sewage to a sanitary drainage system.

4 Sanitary Drainage System

Refers to the pipe fittings fixtures and appliances used to collect and convey sewage, from the Sanitary Plumbing System and fixtures directly connected via the drain, to the sewer. This system is usually though not necessarily below ground surface level.

5 Sewer

Refers to the actual pipe line. 6 Sewage

Denotes the waste water and human waste. 7 Sewerage Systems

Relates to the total system of a town, suburb or city. 8 Effluent

Sometimes used in reference to sewage (see above) but more correctly refers to the liquid discharge from the outlet of a septic tank or sewage treatment plant.

9 Fixtures a) General:

A receptacle with necessary appearance designed for a specific purpose the use or operation of which results in a discharge into the sanitary plumbing or sanitary drainage installation.

b) Soil Fixture:

A water closet pan, urinal, slophopper, autopsy table, bedpan washer or sanitary napkin disposal unit (hence ‘soil pipe’).

c) Waste Fixture:

Any fixture other than a soil fixture (hence ‘waste pipe’). 10 Fixture Unit

A unit of measure based on the rate of discharge, time of operation and frequency of use of a fixture that expresses the hydraulic load imposed by that fixture on the sanitary plumbing installation. 11 Gradient/Grade

The inclination expressed as the ratio or percentage of the rise vertically compared to the horizontal length of the line.

2% or 1:50 1.67% or 1:60 50 m 2 m 1 m 120 m

eg two common gradients in pipelines are 1 in 60 and 1 in 40 where the pipeline ‘falls’ or ‘rises’ 1 meter every 60 metres and 1 metre every 40 metres of length. Alternatively the 1 in 60 can be expressed

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gradients are considered the optimum to provide ‘self-cleansing’ velocities in the pipeline.

12 Fall

The difference in level between two points in the direction of flow. 13 Self Cleansing Velocity

Refers to the speed at which the contents within the pipeline should be flowing along a horizontal pipeline to prevent the deposition of solids out of water onto the pipe surface. The exact velocity range will vary with the gradient of the line, it’s diameter and fixture unit loading into the line.

14 Boundary Trap

As the name implies this trap fitting is usually located near the property boundary and used to prevent gasses from the Authorities Sewer from entering the property sanitary drainage line.

15 Gully Trap/Disconnector Trap

These days only one gully trap is usually required to be installed to each property service. Its main functions are to provide a release point in the event of a blockage in the sanitary drainage line and to disconnect the sanitary drainage line from a waste line serving a waste fixture only eg sink or basin (this flow recharges the trap of the gully, alternatively a tap over the gully is required).

16 Stack a) General:

Any vertical pipe including offsets extending through more than one floor level.

b) Soil Stack:

A stack which carries the discharges from one or more soil fixtures and may also carry waste discharges.

c) Waste Stack:

A stack which only carries discharges from waste fixtures. 17 Trap

Fitting which is designed to retain a volume of waste as a ‘water seal’ for the purposes of allowing further flow of waste water through the fitting while preventing the sewer gasses from entering a habitable room or area.

18 Water Seal

This is the content of water held in a fixture or pipeline trap to prevent sewer gasses entering the room. There are a variety of traps, P, S, universal, bottle, integral, boundary and others but all are designed with an inbuilt weir to retain water at all times.

Crown Weir Outlet Dip Inlet Water seal

Typical trap showing water seal 19 Air Pressure

Within any and all drainage and plumbing pipelines there is by design a flow of air (see earlier notes regarding researchers). Under certain circumstances the pressure of air can have a detrimental effect on the system both positive and negative.

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20 Induced Siphonage

The loss of water from a trap by siphonage caused by a reduction in pressure at the outlet of the trap. This condition is normally evidenced by flow from fixtures connected to the same pipe but at a higher level.

Induced Siphonage

Higher fixture flushing Possible solution by

introduction of vent on vertical rise Atmospheric air

pressure forces water seal from the trap

Trap seal loss

Negative pressure created in branch line due to excessive flow from higher fixture

21 Self Siphonage

This is the situation in a branch pipeline to a fixture which by its configuration will cause the pipe to be filled completely and start a syphon effect thereby sucking out the contents of the trap to the fixture. This eliminates the water seal to the trap and can permit sewer gasses/odours to enter the room.

Long leg of syphon

Self Syphonage

System Siphonage

The following comments are based upon research carried out by Caroma and other research organisations in the plumbing field. This work suggests that closer attention to detail is required, particularly in regard to the size and number of ventilation pipes on sanitary systems, than has been the practice in the past. Systems are at times being designed and installed to their performance limits and the slightest deviation from the ‘perfect’ condition may lead to a systems failure.

As indicated earlier under Background History all systems will at times experience ‘waving’ of the trap seal to a fixture. Provided the seal is not lost entirely thereby allowing sewer gases into the habitable rooms it is a normally occurring feature and does not present a health problem to the occupants. It is important to remember this as time and money can be wasted pursuing this

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Incidences of system siphonage represent a very small percentage of the total number of problems experienced with sanitary plumbing and sanitary drainage systems.

They can and do occur occasionally to floor wastes, basins, sinks and toilet pans both the 11 litre and reduced flushing units. Experience has shown that these problems occur predominantly in newly developed sub-division areas. Almost without exception the problem has been found to be attributed to the problem arising in the system, the individual installation, or the household practices of individual house occupants. Rarely has the fixture been the cause of the complaint.

The following suggestions are provided to help plumbers establish the cause of a system failure in the event of a problem occurring:

a) Has the installation been completed and in particular

confirm that all vent lines are connected to the system?

The system is prone to malfunctions due to uncompleted works preventing the flow of air and/or water as required for the installation to function correctly. Incorrect grade of line can cause solids to drop out of water flow and progressively build up in the line. When this occurs water will back up and the sudden release can create a negative pressure upstream and thereby ‘suck out’ the traps seal.

b) Does the system comply with the relevant code and

regulation?

Particular attention should be given to length of branch lines to vent lines, grades and pipe sizes. Remember that the code is the minimum requirements and good safe practice would be to keep all components well within these limitation. In reference to vent lines it should be noted that air flow is subjected to frictional losses just as water is in the water reticulation. Excessive lengths will result in the air relief not reaching pressure spots within the system and vacuums can occur.

c) Ensure that there are no obstructions within the lines which

might create partial or intermittent blockages.

Blockages will cause excessive pressures to occur and negative pressure close to the trap seal will result in trap seal losses occurring.

d) Confirm that there are no obstructions to the free flow of air

through the vent cowl/terminal into the system.

Air flow is a critical element in all drainage systems. Any reduction in the source of the air, the vent inlet, will result in a failure to the system and many times this is evidenced by a trap seal loss.

Particular notice should be taken of the type of vent cowl installed. Some are manufactured having broad support arms which significantly hinder air flow into the vent line. These will also contribute in a major way to the failure of the system.

e) Check that water in the cistern in the shut off position

reaches the designated line of water depth within the cistern.

Conservation of water is achieved by employing the smallest quantity of water possible, commensurate with the force needed to ensure waste material is satisfactorily carried through the system. The smallest decrease in these amounts from the source, the cistern, will mean that the volume and pressure of water through the toilet bowl and then the drainage system will be inadequate. Under those circumstances paper and solids will not clear the toilet bowl and/ or drainage lines, again causing blockages and malfunctions to occur. Example: Should the water lines be set at 25mm below the designation mark this will result in there being 1 litre less water available for the full flush.

f) Have the Authorities’ mains been checked for any unusual

conditions?

Overloading, blockages and even the existence of a pumping station located close to the site on the Authorities' sewer mains can be