First read the ten headlines (a-j). Then read the five texts (1-5) and decide which text goes best with which headline. Mark your answers on the answer sheet in the boxes 1-5.
@]
Paddling through AtlanticlliJ
Fatal accident in London[I]
HUNDREDS OF SWAN CARCASSES FOUND[ill
Climate changes in Canada~ Migratory swans will be surprised
rn
Aphrodite turns heads[ID
SUMMER IN RECORD BOOKS AS A DRY ONE[E]
Teenagersleepwclks
up 130ftcroneCD
New record doneDJ
Greek goddesses visit New Yorko
THE Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife (WDFW) is set to "haze" [udson Lake as part of a new scientific experiment to try to stop the
mysterious deaths of hundreds of Trumpeter swans annually.
The majestic migratory swans will encounter a loud and wild surprise when they arrive in
Abbotsford from Alaska about mid-October. Instead of cool breezes stirring the peaceful grassy reeds along the shoreline, the swans will find their roosting spot at judson Lake ablaze in shining lights, an air boat skimming the shallow waters to scare them away as well as other noisy.devices.
Kraege said the experiment is part of a large international task force investigating the massive swan die-offs from lead poisoning in Whatcom County and the Fraser Valley. More than 2,000
Trumpeters have died from lead shot poisoning since 1999 in the Fraser Valley and Whatcom County, Kraege said, noting that 400 swans died last fall and winter.
Kevin Sinclair, who lives along shallow Judson Lake, calls it "a death trap" for the swans, because the muddy bottom is polluted with lead shot. Two people will be working at the lake 24 hours a day, seven days a week,to keep the birds from the wetlands.The $40,000 project is called the
Experimental Management Hazing of Judson Lake and takes place from mid-October until January. Kraege said the swans have plenty of other roosting spots to choose from when they can't land at judson Lake. The latest effort is part of an ongoing international investigation on the Trumpeter swan lead poisoning.
D
SUN-WORSHIPPERS and gardeners already know it, but this summer was one of the driest and sunniest ever in the Lower Mainland. And Environment Canada's meteorologists have the proof. Vancouver International Airport recorded 326.6 hours of sunshine in August - 22 per cent more than the average 268 hours for the month. For the past three months from June through August, it'sbeen about 15 per cent sunnier than usual. Vancouver had so much more sunshine than normal- 121 extra hours - that it's the equivalent of having an extra two weeks of summer. The dry spell has also been impressive.
Although June was about average in Vancouver, just 38 per cent of the normal rainfall was received in July and August. July saw 25.2 mm of rain, while
D
just 4.8mm fell in August. Those months normally record just under 40 mm each.
No records were set for the dry spell- they belong to summer months in 1951 and 1986 when only trace amounts of rain fell. Average maximum daily temperatures in Vancouver were slightly above normal in July and June. Further up the valley, at the Abbotsford airport, it's a similar story. Just 26.7 mm fell in total in July and August - about 27 per cent of normal. Those months normally record about 50 mm each. Abbotsford recorded generally warmer than normal daily maximum temperatures.July's average maximum temperature was 24.7 degrees Celsius, versus a normal of 23.4. August's average was 25.1 degrees, versus a 23.8 normal.
IT'S an adventure that, on the surface, has little comparison to the daily life of regular people. For julie Wafaei, the first woman to cross the Atlantic Ocean using only human power, her expedition symbolizes something that everyone can relate to. It shows how a formidable task or difficult goal can be achieved if it's simply broken down to conquerable steps.
"I think that applies to a lot of things in life," said Wafaei this week. Hopefully, she adds, she'll carry that lesson with her into the future.
It's just one of the lessons that she and fiance Colin Angus are starting to share following the completion of an epic journey on May 20 this year - Angus having completed the world's first man-powered circumnavigation of the world, and Wafaei being there most of the way.
Ittook Angus and Wafaei five months to cross the Atlantic Ocean using only their own strength -heading through the most severe hurricane season recorded. Despite their plan to avoid hurricane paths,
they were still hit by two.While an average count is around 11 tropical storms through their route, there
were over 25 during their journey.
That kind of experience creates a unique connection with the ocean - the part of the journey thatshe had been most enamoured with when the expedition was being planned.
"You're spending a very long time out there so you see it in a very different way. .. you get quite intimate with the ocean," said Wafaei. It's also a unique consequence of global warming, she said, andju
one of the examples Wafaei and Angus will share when they start a speaking tour that will take them across Canada. The opening of their tour, and debut of their documentary on the trek, will be on Oct.4 a 7 p.m. at the Palace Theatre in Courtenay. Tickets cost $10 in advance, $12 at the door. Along withthose presentations,Wafaei and Angus are doing separate motivational speaking engagements - one locally
PASSERSBY in South London thought they were witnessing a suicide attempt when they saw a young girl climbing up a massive crane at 2 o'clock in the morning. They called 999 and within minutes rescue workers were headed up the 130ft crane in pursuit. However, the fireman that reached the girl, found that she was fast asleep and quite unaware of her precarious surroundings.
The teenager had not only climbed the crane whilst asleep, but had crawled a further 40ft out on to the counterweigh t section of the crane where she finally fell asleep on a narrow beam.The fireman,
frightened to wake her in case she became frightened and fell, searched the teenager's mobile phone, found a number for the parents in its memory and had them call her and wake her.
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NEW YORK - A nude torso of Aphrodite, the Greek goddess of love, went on public display in New York last week for the first time outside her mythical birthplace. The alluring marble sculpture dates from the first century BC. With her classic figure and glowing patina,AphroditeAnadyomene, or Aphrodite emerging from the sea, literally came out of the Mediterranean. The one-metre-tall torso was recovered by divers in 1956 at Na Paphos on the southwest coast of Cyprus.
Bathed in soft light and surrounded by 88 other relics, the goddess is displayed at the Onassis Cultural Center in Manhattan in the exhibitFrom IshtartoAphrodite: 3200 Years of Cypriot Hellenism.
Though her head, arms and lower legs were lost, this weathered Aphrodite is comparable to the Louvre's famed Venus de Milo. Venus is of the same century as Aphrodite, but from the Aegean isle of Milos. "The relationship between the narrow
shoulders and long, broad hips reflects that
mannerism of Hellenistic sculpture" in the Cypriot Aphrodite, the exhibits catalogue notes.
Aphrodite's right arm "probably once held the end of her tresses. Small rivet holes at the back of her hips suggest that a drapery could have covered part of her hips."
The works dating to 1450 BC include Bronze Age swords and spearheads, bracelets and other gold jewellery, ceramic amphorae and cups, silver coins and limestone busts.The relics were mostly recovered from archaeological digs in Cyprus and, though breathtaking in quality, aren't even the most renowned from the eastern Mediterranean island, the organizers said.
A cast bronze tripod stand - 38 centimetres high, with bovine feet and a bull's head adorning each leg - typifies a design invented in Cyprus, where copper mining enabled a rich tradition of bronze work.
First read the following text and then choose the answers to questions 6-10.
Therapy Dogs Lending a
'
Helping Paw to Students
Kerri Fivecoat-Campbell
It isn't unusual for Ellen Knight, a school counsellor at Basehor Elemen-tary, to receive requests such as the note handed to her by a group of stu-dents during recess. Scrawled on the piece of paper: "We would like to know if we can read to Bailey? Isthis a good time?" Bailey is one of the official school therapy dogs used in the small, rural district for everything from les-sons to teaching social skills and res-ponsibility to comforting students in a time of grief or personal crisis.
"Dogs havebeen usedin the classroom for many years," said Sarah Holbert of Canine Assistance, Rehabilitation, Edu-cation and Services Inc. (C.A.RE.S) .In the late 1980s and early 1990s similar organizations started training and providing social dogs to live in facilities -mostly in skilled care facilities and group homes for the elderly. Research suggested that dogs lowered blood pressure,and senior citizens who owned dogs lived longer with fewer health problems. People suffering from Alzheimer'sdisease could also relate to dogs; many recalled the best friendsof their youth and became happier when given access to a dog once again.
When C.A.RE.S. was founded in 1994,they recognized that there was a need for dogs thatwere trained beyond simply being social dogs. "We train them in a professional therapy dog program,"said Holbert."Our dogs are trained on the same level as service dogs." C.A.R.E.S.is a non-profit orga-nization dedicated to providing trained service dogs and to do that, Holbert explained, all dogs must be tested for temperament,spayed or neutered,pass physical exams, and test negative for heartwonnsand physical abnormalities.
The dogs enter the program as early as possible and go through many months of training. The ~verage age for a dog to actually be assigned to an owner is eighteen months."We never let them go before twelve months," said Holbert. "They just need that time to grow and mature."When the dogs graduate from the program, they are trained to help support people who might have to lean on them while getting up after falling;they are taught sign language to assist hearing im-paired; they know forty-three basic commands and are even trained for basic search-and-rescue, not only for emergencies but also to play hide and seek with the children.
Once the dogs are certified for work, they're ready for potential owners, who are required to use them to work in a facility to minimize the problems encountered by so many facilities years ago. Owners must also complete a rigorous one-week training program. They must pass a public access test and be certified,which includes C.A.RE.S. trainers observing the owners working with their dogs in the schools.
Henry Woolf visited an alternative school in 1990 where therapy dogs were being used. His visit convinced him of the positiveoutcomes of thera-py dogs on students who were having problems in school. In 2004, he de-cided to get a therapy dog from C.A.RE.S.,Inc. after going through the owner-training program. He ended up with River,a black Lab.
The first time Woolf met "Mandy" (not her real name), it was in truancy court. The junior high, special needs student had been absent over forty days during the school year until that
point. The judge asked me if I had a plan to keep her in school,"said WooIf. "I told him I did,but I couldn'ttell her because then she would know the plan." Woolf had previously discussed with the girl's mother his idea to use River with Mandy."I then told Mandy that I had a surprise for her, but I wouldn'ttell her what it was until she showed up for school," said WooIf. "When she came into school the next day,I introduced her to Riverand told her that if she didn'tcome to school to care for him, he wouldn't get walks, water or love." Mandy showedup for the rest of the school year, with the exception of two days.Itwas Mandy's responsibility to take River for his walks in the halls and give him love and attention.
For schools that use therapy..dogs, the list goes on. Therapy dogs have been used in lesson planning from math to social studies."In math,they might weigh the dog and then convert his weight from pounds to grams," said Holbert. The most popular lesson in which to use therapy dogs is in teach-ing young children to read. School officials say the dogs are perfect listen-ers. "They are not judgmental; they don't care if you don't get the words exactly right,"said Knight.
Holbert said for children in special education the dogs provide uncondi-tional love and support and even friend-ship tostudents who usually don'thave a lot of friends."Also, if the dogs aremade part of their classrooms,it instillsa sense of pride and self-confidence in these kids," said Holbert. "It opens up dialogue and other childrendo want to talk to them and be their friend because they are so special as to havethe dog."
ow decide which is the correct answer (a, b or c) to the items 6-10 and mark your answers on the answ er sheet.
Therapy dogs can
~
cheer up children.E
ease children's sorrow.1]
feel children'sgrief.In a survey dogs were considered to be able to
~ help their owners live in a healthier way with fewer problems.
E
cure certain diseasessuch as high blood pressure.1]
cheer up people suffering from Alzheimer's disease.[J
Dogs' training starts as early as possible and lasts ~ 12 months or more.
E
until they learn to do their jobs.1]
18 months.Not only dogs, but their owners are trained to
~
give basic commands and use sign language.E
pass an exam.:IJ
know their dogs better.Therapy dogs can help
@]
children 'smental and physicaldevelopment.lliJ
children entertain themselves.CS]
shy children make new friends.First read the ten situations (11-20) and then read the twelve texts (a-I). Decide which text goes best with which situation. Each text can be used only once. Mark your answers on the answer sheet (11-20).
In some cases there may be no suitable text. Then mark x.
Ell
Your colleague is going to retire in three weeks and you would like to buy him a unique present. He likes and collects old things like call-ups and kits.You are going to move to Nigeria for a year and you wouldn't like to take your 12-year-old daughter with you. You are looking for a school for her in Great Britain.
You work as a full-time secretary but you are underpaid and need some extra work. You are a mother of three (3, 7, 11) and want your children to go to the same school.
You would like to renovate your old mansion and need some information on how to repair doors and windows.
You are spending a few days in Britain and are interested in Sir Horatio Nelson's most famous ship.
You are an unemployed accountant and looking for an odd job.
Your ll-year-old daughter is interested in the French language and culture and you look for a school where she can improve her speaking skills.
You've inherited a house in bad condition in the countryside.You would like to sell it.
Your son is a fan of the Royal Navy. He'sinterested in everything in connection with it. If you are in Great Britain don't miss visiting this place.
Robertsbridge Community College Knelle Road, Robertsbridge Required for session in May and June
EXAMINATION INVIGILATORS
New posts created as a result of changes to teachers' pay and conditions. The work will be hourly paid at a rate of £7.4520 per hour. Prime duty will be the supervision of students undertaking
external examinations and you will be working as part of a team supervised by a member of the teaching staff. Ideal part-time work for ex-teachers, retired civil servants, ex-bank employees,
etc., i.e.any well-educated adult with previous good work experience. Infonnation: 01580 880360
LIMITED
s
.
BARLOWPERIOD
OAK
Oak frame construction once a dying art is now enjoying something of a re-naissanc e. As more and more people look to build their own bespoke homes the beauty and quality of an oak frame is
quickly becoming realized. Another plus is the durability in design which ranges from the traditional, such asWealdenHall Houses,which were traditionallybuiltwithin the Weald ofKent and East Sussex inand around the 14th and 15thcenturies and were said to "Expressthe quality of life in a prosperousage." Period Oak creates each bespoke frame using traditionalhandc rafted methodshanded down from the buildersof the original 14thand 15th centuryhomes which can still be seen today.Thequality and craftsman shipof these beautifulbuildingsisa real inspiration to each one of our IO-strongteam.
Take Off to the Fleet Air Arm Museum
THE Fleet Air Arm Museum in Yeovilton,Somerset is a "m u st see"when in the Southwest! The Museum houses the largest collection of naval aircraft anywhere in Europe and it includes eight aircraft which cannotbe seen anywhere else in the world.
Situatedalongside Euro pe'slargest NavalAirStatio nyouare likelyto seeSeaHarriers and helicopters going throu gh their rigoroustrainingprocedures (de penden t upon operationa l dem ands). Inside the museumyou will have the opportunity of going on-board Concorde and beingtran sported
bya simulat ed helicopterflightto the repli caflightdeck ofthe aircraft carrier HMS ARK ROYAL. A combination of two enormous proj ection screens , coupled with ten realaircrafts , putyou
in the heart of the action as powerfu l jet fighters take off and land aroundyou.
You' llexpe rience the thrillsandsounds ofa working fligh t deck , and evensee anuclear bomb.
L550,OOO
CASH BUYER
This fit,fit, fit couple have run out of space for all their bicyclesandurgently seek a delightful new home almost anywherein the Headcorn, Goudhurst, Hawkhurst,Wittersham neck of the woods. They need a home for three children and their chickens!
Theyneed a charac terful detached hou se in a semi-r ura l setting, perhap sat the edge of a village andwith a maximum of 10 acres to play in. Useful, too, if there were a handy railway station- out of thesoundof trains,and away fromroad traffic.
L850,OOO+
CASH BUYER
Bond Street Fashion Director whoworks jolly hard six days a week spends anyspare time she has renovating period and character countryproperties with her partner
who is a brilliant builder.
They are now looking for another project anywhere in Kent or East Sussex that has potential.Ifyou have a run-down propertyor former fann buildings,nursinghomes,etc.that would lend themselves to a sympatheti c conversion, they have the money and vision availableimmediately.Theyarewillingto wait for you to findyour onward move.
Portsmouth Historic Dockyard
HOME to three historically significant and well-knownships-HMS Victory, HMS Warriorand the Mary Rose.
Two museums- The Mary RoseMuseum and the Royal NavalMuseum- are open to the public.
A multi-million pound in te ractivesh owcase, ACTION STATIONS.detailing the modern-day navy. is the most recentmajor addition.
Theeyes of the world will be on Portsmouthduring 2005, the bicentenaryof The Battle of Trafalgar, arguably themostfamous sea battle everan d led by HMS Victory.The Battle took place on the 21st October 1805 off the coast of South West Spainand isone of the most decisivein history. Make this
the year to visitthe Portsmouth Historic Dockyard and realise ,there is somu ch more to see!
A
ntique and fin
e
furniture,
silver
,
plate
,
A ·
S
jewellery, ceramics, metalware
,
clocks, rugs,
e
tc.
ntique
ale
To include: 2 large oak refectory tables, a large Victorian Wednesday26thApril at 11am oak breakfront library bookc ase, a Regency table piano byBrod erip and WilkinsonGeorgian anda Victorian chestof drawers,a collect ionofmilitaryuniform s and swordsand much more:
View this illustratedcatalog ue from Thursday atwww.burstowandhewett.co .uk Viewing onTuesday 25thApril 9am-7pm and morning of salefrom 9am ABBEYAUCTI ON GALL ERY
Lower Lake, Battle, EastSussex
Tel:01424 7723
Battle Abbey SchooL is a thriving co-educationaL boarding and day schooL
for children aged from 5-18.
Itis Located on two sites - the Preparatory SchooL
stands in its own attractive, spacious grounds in centraL BexhiLL-on-Sea,
and the Senior SchooL is Located in BattLe, within the stunning surroundings
of BattLe Abbey and overLooking the famous 1066 BattLefieLd
.
The Preparatory School in Bexhill-on-Sea,(01424)219674, hassuperbfacilities, inclu d-ing a 25-metre indoor swimming pool anda brand-new astro turfmulti-sport pitch.
Continuity of education is one of ourkey attracti ons, and pupils may apply to join us at any time during their school career, with Preparatory School pupils transferri ng at 11, subject to academic attai nment, to a guaranteed placein theSeniorSchool.
In 2004 and 2005 100% of our candidates obtained 5 passes at GCSE at Grade Cand above. At A-Level there has been a similarly high pass ratewith 50% of grades at A or B. Places have been gained at many of the top universities, including Oxbridge. Please telephone (01424) 772385 to make an appointment to visit the Senior School in Battle, and (01424) 219674 to visit the Nursery and Preparatory School in Bexhill-o n-Sea.
A collectionof outstand ingmerit andvariety
representin gmost of the majorknottin g
regions tobe sold mainl yunder pressurised
disposalinstructions with numerousitem sto be sold
WITHOUT RESERVE
inallsizes, from room sizes, oversize,
scatter rugs& runners on
SATURDAY 29th APRIL 2006
Salestarts 11.00 am(viewfrom 09.30 am)
St Mildred's Church Hall Church Road, Tenterden
Auction Sale
Finest Quality Luxurious Decorative Individual Hand-Knotted
LAMBERT FOSTER
CONNOISSEUR & DECORATIVE PERSIAN & EASTERN CARPETS
NATURAL FARMS
LTD
Confident personrequiredto presentand sell our delicious pies in a variety of interestinglocations. You will hold a drivinglicencean d have a passionfor good food. This part-time position will include weekend work.
Please phone and tell me why thisjob is for you!
01580830090Ask for Tony
DJ
Success and
happiness
High academ ic achievementgoes hand in hand with a happy family'---- -' atmosphere.
At Sutton Valence Preparatory Schoo l, chi ld ren are encouraged to develop their indi vidua l tal ents to the full, contri buting positivelyand enthusiastica llyto school life . By encouragingthechildren to experience a wide range of academic, sporting, musical and cultu ral activities, we prepare them for entrance to our senio r school, Sutton Valence, or other secondary schools, both independent and maintained.
Children enterKindergarten at the age of 3, based in a high qua lity, purpose-b uilt unit which opened in 2001.Teaching and car e standards are high and fo unded upo n the need for young childrento learn through play and the exploration of their surroundi ngs . Progression through the school is seamless and by the time they are 7 ourchildren are academically well-grounded, articulate and confident and ready to tackle the wider curriculu m and challenges provided further up the school.
From ages 7-1 1 child ren are ta ug ht in a purpo se-built cla ssroom block where specialist subject teaching beco mes an integ ra lpa rtoftheir curriculum .
Choosing the right school for their child is one of the most important decisions parents have to make. We would welcome a visit from you so that you can absorbthe specia l family atmosphere and ethos and seewhat we have to offer.
Please contact Mrs Anne Leckie,
Headmaster's Secretary to arrange a visit. Telephone: 0122 84117
Email: [email protected] www.svs.org.uk
Clarernont School is set amidst
100 acres of beautiful countryside on
the outskirts of St. Leonards-on-Sea.
Itcaters for children from 1 to 13
years of age, is open from
Barnto 6pm
daily, and accepts only day-pupils
Traditional family vaLues are very important at CLaremont and consequentLy there is no boarding and no Saturday schooL. There isa maximum of 18 pupils per class and high staff: pupil ratios throughout.
The curricuLum is broad and includes Art, Music, Drama and Sport. The schooL offers a daily transport service to and from Hastings,
BexhilL and surrounding areas. The schooL aLso owns a Large property in N. France, where all children from year 3 upwards have the opportunity of appLying their Linguistic skills, whilst enjoying the LocaL French cuLture.
In the Nursery SchooL children follow the 6 EarLy Learning GoaLs, and in addition are offered French, Music and Drama classes. Entry to CLaremont Prep SchooL is via the Nursery where preparation for the transition takes pLace in the spring and summer terms.
OPEN DAYS - Friday 12th and Saturday 13th May
This is an opportunity for prospective parents to view the whoLe schooL including the Nursery,
as weLL as a chance to meet staff and pupils. (No appointment necessary.) TeLephone
01424 751555
for further informationor visit our website
www.cLaremontschooL.co.uk
Test 1
Read the following letter and decide which word or phrase (a, b, or c) is missing in items 21-30. Mark your answers on the answer sheet.
Dear Mum and Dad,
It's great to be in Cornwall,
El!
having spent such a long time stuck in London. I'vespent this weekEE
all the things IEIl
enjoy.On Tuesday, Mark and I spent the whole day horse riding. We
~
all the way out to that old barnm
the river and then we had a picnic. On the way home, Mark fellm
his horse three times. The last timeEE
happened he fell straight into a stream. He says he will never go riding with me again!We've
El!]
to the beach two or three times.The weather isn't so bad so we are able to go swimming. The only problem at this time of year is that the beaches are so crowded that it's almost impossible to findEIJ
to sit.Last night a group of us went to Exeter. We had a beautiful meal in a restaurant near the cathedral. We all ate far too much.
I'm onvolume 4 of Harry Potter, so with one more volume
m
,
I expect to finish by the end of the month. As you see I'm having a lovely time.Best wishes, Susan
El!
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whileEE
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to doEIl
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very much[ill
after[ill
doing[ill
very[]
as[]
do[]
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cycled[ill
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down[]
walked[]
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overEE
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been[ill
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travelledEIJ
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will goLANGUAGE~fiEMENTS(Part
2)
Test 1
Read the following text and decide which of the words or phrases (a-o) is missing in items 31-40. Mark your answers on the answer sheet.
The Stone of Eloquence
BLarney, of course, is as oLd as our race but it is onLy within comparativeLy modern times that it got its own shrine in Co. Cork, where the BLarney Stone is the great symboL of the pecuLiar, charming quaLity of the Irish.Itis situated in the Castle of the same name a few miles from Cork city and every year
El!
seventy thousand peopLe climb 120 feet to the dizzy battLements to LookEE
eLoquence. At times the medievaL winding stair of the Castle is jammed with peopLe going up and down. As they stand on each other's feet, poke cameras in any availabLe eye, dig eLbows deep into ribs, it isE!J
how eLoquent they can become and they speak of each other with am
that is admirabLe even if the choice of Language is occasionally depLorabLe.The stone
m
is a bLock'of Limestone about four foot, one inch Long, one foot, one inch wide and nine inchesED
.
There is a chip missing in the front, removed, it is beLieved, by one of CromweLL's cannon baLLs when his army besieged the pLace.The vaLue of the stone has been estimated at about ten miLLion pounds and it couLdn't be
m
more if it was made of soLid ruby. The vaLue is caLcuLated on the quite vast sums that have been offered for a brief Loan of the thing.The question of saLe or Loan is now academic as Sir George CoLthurst, who died in 1951, made the Irish Government one of the trustees of the stone.Itis unLikeLy that any poLitician wouLd run the
EIJ
of annoying the pubLic by allowing the precious reLic to Leave IreLand even for a short period. There areEIJ
stories about the origin of the stone.Itis said that it is Jacob's Pillow brought back from the HoLy Land during the Crusades. Some knight packed it~
with his spare suit of armour and when his wife was unpacking she asked what it was. The ancient knight said, more or Less, that if he couLd get a few more stones Like it he might build a castLe. It is aLso said that it is a part of the Stone of Scone or Stone of Destiny which is now incorporated in the Coronation Chair at Westminster.@]
fluency[Q]
risk[I]
in[ill
surprised ~ tallrn
some[ill
deepYou will hear five news items. You will hear each item only once. Then you will have time to answer
the questions.
Decide which headline (a-g)goes with each news item. Mark your answers on the answer sheet.
Now you will have 45 seconds to read the headlines.
Tracks 1-5:
m
o
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School employs guard~
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AidFateflowsealedbegins for Java victims~
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King's execution garter auctioned~
~
IT]
New rules welcom eTube passengers trapped
You will hear a radio interview. First you will have one minute to read the introduction and the items. Then you will hear the interview.You will hear the interview only once.Then you will have time to answer the questions.
Decide if the statement for each of the items is true (+) or not true (-)and mark your answers on the answer sheet.
Now you will have one minute to read the items. Track 6:
m
The world didn't hear about the Romanian orphans before the revolution in 1989.~
Parents put all their children into orphanages because they were lack of money.tIJ
Children weren't looked after in an appropriate way.~
In the end, Susan Booth travelled to Bucharest in 1997 andmet modern Twist Oliversin an institute.~
Susan was shocked when she realisedthat a lot of children lived in the underground pipes.3J
The ragged children didn't have any relationships with their relatives.~
There isn't hierarchyamong children because everybody is as poor as the other.~
These children's aims are the same: to stay alive in spite of the hunger,cold and loneliness.~
Susan Booth didn't have any difficulties with collecting donations and medical supplies as big companieswere willing to help and anIrish photographer gave her a helping hand.~
Supporting poor people is so common in the USA that people weren't surprisedabout Susan'sYou will hear five short texts.You will hear the texts only once. Then you will have time to answer the question for each text.
Decide which is the correct answer (a, b or c) for each question and mark your answers on the answer sheet.
Tracks 7-11:
Your friend is explaining to you how to play a new ball game. It can be played
[§]
on your own.[liJ
in pairs with 2 or 3 teams.[IJ
with two players.You hear the following telephone conversation between a taxi driver and an emergency operator. What's the problem with the woman with him?
@]
she'shaving a heart attack[liJ
she was hurtin an accident[IJ
she'shaving a babyYou are a conference organiser and find the following message from a Spanish professor on your telephone answering machine. When will you put his lecture in the agenda?
@]
on Wednesday morning from 10 to 12[liJ
on Wednesday afternoon from 4to 6 before dinnerparty[IJ
on Wednesday afternoon from 3 to 5You are listening to the radio and hear this advertisement. What's being advertised?
@]
house cleaning[liJ
home repair[IJ
carpet cleaningYou are listening to the weather report for 3 days on the radio. When is it going to be dry and sunny?
@]
on Sunday and TuesdaySituation
1:You are a Mathematics teacher at a secondary school in Manchester but in July you are going to move to Kent so you have to look for a new workplace. You have found this advertisement in
Wealden Advertiserand decided to apply for the job.
Marlborough House School
lAPS Co Educational 327 Pupils 3-13Required for September 2006
Mathematics Teacher
We seek aninspirational teacher with great enthusiasm and interpersonal skills to join this thriving and forward-looking school.Departmental responsibilitya possibilityfor the right candidate.
Forfurther details and an applicationform, please
contact:
Marlborough House School Hawkhurst, Cranbrook,
Kent, TN184PY
Tel: 01580 753555 Fax: 01580 754281 E-mail: [email protected]
Pleasenotethat only applications made using
theschool
s
ownapplication formcan beaccepted.Write a letter of application. Your letter should contain at least two of the following points and one other aspect:
• Your reason for applying for this job • Your qualification and experience with
this sort of work
• Your plans for the future
• Why you are the best for this work Before starting the letter, decide onthe order in which you think the three points should be included as well as an
appropriate introduction and close. Include your address andthe address of the school,alsothe reference line, date, salutation andclosing formula.
You have 30 minutes to write the letter. Please write 150-200 words.
Situation 2:
You see the following information in the British Museum'sWhat's onMagazine.
Friends events
Join the British Museum Friends and enjoy a
programme of special activities for members including lectures, evening openings and days
out to areas of special interest. Friends also get FirstView and free entrytoexhibitionscourtesyof the museum and an annual subscription to the British Museum Magazine.
l55,l50,l40 concessions or direct debit Telephone 02073238195/8605
frie nds@the britishmuse um.a c.uk www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk/friends
Young Friends
Join the Young Friends of the British Museum and enjoy ReMUS the magazine for Young Friends, slee povers in the Museum and other special events for members aged 8-75.
Telephone 020 7323 8605 for details.
First Thursdays
Visitduring the eveningof the first Thursdayin the month and enjoy free gallery talks,lectures, music and entry to special exhibitions. The restaurant,
cafes and shops inthe Great Court remain open.
Prehistoric Britain
The even ing events include a lecture andgallery talks about prehistoric Britain and the Roman occupation.
Thursday 6 May, 17.30-20.30
lecture 18.30; gallery talks 18.30 &19.30
Classical myths and legends
The evening will focus on classical mythology
starting with a lecture and supported by gallery talksthroughout the Museum.
Thursday 3 June, 17.30-20.30
lecture 18 .30 ; gallery talks 18.30 & 19
Youandyourfriendare interest edin theculturaleventsorganisedby the Brit ish Museum and
would liketo join the Brit ishMuseumFriends Association to be able to get enough informat ion abouttheir programmes. How ever, youwould liketo have more detailsfirstand have decided to write to the secretary of the Association to express yourint erest and ask for more information. Your letter should contain at least two of the following points and one other aspect:
· Askabout annualmembershipfee
• Explainwhyyou would liketojoin
• Askmore info about the events ofthenext 3 month s
· Ment ionyourown interest
Beforestartingthe letter, decide onthe orderin which you think the three points should be
included as well as an appropriate introduction and close. Include your address,the reference line, date, salutation and closing formula.
You have30 minutesto write the letter.
Test 1
Candidate A/B/(C) - (30-60 seconds in total)
Introduce yourself to your partner. Tell him/her, for example, why you are learning English, what your hobbies and leisure interests are or how you have prepared for this examination.
This part of the examination will not be marked.
Candidate A/B/(C) - (2 1/2minutes per person)
The examiner will invite you to do a short presentation to your partner(s) on one of the following topics (the prompts in brackets offer some ideas). The presentation should take about two minutes. After the presentation your partner(s) will ask you some questions.
After your partner has finished his/her presentation you should also ask questions that are of interest to you.
You should not interrupt your partner during his/her presentation unless absolutely necessary.
A book that you have read (topic and plot,author, characters,style, your opinion,etc.)
or
est
1
ndidate A/B/(C) - (2 1/2 minutes per person)
';eadthe following text. Discuss the content of the text with your partner.
-",Ihim/ her your opinions,give reasons and personal examples to support your ideas. Talk about
rown experiencewith the problems mentioned and possible solutions.
Climate Changes Melting Swiss Tourism
John Zarocostas
Over the centuries, Swiss moun -tain communities such as these have proven resourceful in adapt -ing to natural adversities, and in recent decades, they have turned the Alpinebeauty into a cash cow bypromoting wintersports.
However, the fast pace of mo -dem life is sending worrying sig -nals in the form of dramatic changes in temperature and cl i-matic conditions in the Alps that threaten the annual multimi llion-dollar winter sports and tourism industry.
Fearing the worst, some Swiss policy-makers andbusiness l ead-ers are urging mountain commu-nities to hedge againstthisrisk by diversifying their economic acti -vityinto sports and ventures that are less dependenton snow.
This majestic region is do mi-nated by roughly 150 square miles of year-round ice and snow. Scientists think it is highly pro -bable that in the near future- say, around 2050 - the glacier may shrink to its smallest size since the late Bronze Age, or even less.
From 1250B.C.to 1050RC., the Aletsch glacierwas at least 1,000 yards shorter than it is today.
Bruno Messerli of the Geog -raphyInstitute at the Universityof Bern reckons that some of the driving forces behind the e nviron-mental changes detected in the Alps reflect the profoundincrease in economic activity worldwide. According to academic studies, from 1890 to 1990, the world's human population quadrupled, the world economy increased fourtee n-fold, industrial output rose by forty times, and energy use grew thirteen-fold, he said.
In that period, fresh-water use increased nine-fold, the amount of land irrigated rose by five times, the cattle population increased four-fold, carbon-dioxide emis -sions increased seventeen-fold and sulfuric-oxideemissionswent upthirteen-fold,Messerli said.
The warmer temperatures are alsoposing a problem in terms of "ski security" in the Alps, which translates to having a hundred uninterrupted days with a
mmimum twelve-inch snow cover for winter sports.
"We should take summer tourism more seriously again," Messerli said inan interview. He conceded that at present, the hundred-day period from Chris t-mas to Easter is when operators look to make all their profit for the year.
Pure air is one of the key selling pointsof theregion- in addition to the mountains and nature- es pe-ciallyinthe emerging tourist m ar-ketsincountries suchas China.
Matos-Wasem points out that in the late nineteenth-century and first halfof thetwentieth-century, breathing freshair was thedriving force that spurred the growth of sanatoriums in the Swiss Alps and other locations, to treat tu ber-culosis patients, until the inv en-tionof streptomycinputthei nsti-tutions ineconomichardship .
Pure alpine air,nevertheless, is still used as a major selling point by many hotels, clinicsand me di-cal institutions and some private schools, the researchersaid.
Candidates A/B/(C)
You and your friends would like to organise a youth club for your schoolmates to be able to spend your free time in a good way. There is an empty room in the basement of the building and the headmaster will allow you to use it as a club if you present him a plan how to organise it. Tell your partner your ideas and try to agree on the following points:
• how to renovate this place
• how to furnish it
• who can use it
• when members can use it
• what kind of programmes you will organise
• how to collect money for this project
;;. .r:
READING COrvlPREHENSION (Par
t
J
)
First read the ten headlines (a-j).Then read the five texts (1-5) and decide which text goes best with which headline.Mark your answers on the answer sheet in the boxes 1-5.
~ Almost sticky situation
E
First to see the Light1]
IT
CAN ONLY GET HOTrERJD
Available Only From Nature]J
Greenhouse effect caus es climate change]] Prime ministe r totaLk about the future
:ID
HOUSE PRICE BOOM TO GO ONJlJ
Alcohol tax to be increased
OJ
Who is going to buy houses?IT]
Illegal booze trade on the rise?o
WITH 15 days to go, 1999 could be about to break all time temperat u re reco rds. Scientists at the MeteorologyServ ice an d South State"Univers ity said yesterday it could be the warmest year for the country since records began in the capital in 1794- unless the coldsnap continues.
"Seven of the top 10 hottest years were in the 1990s,"said Paul jonat h an of the climate research centre last night. "The other three were in the late 1980s."
The world over, researchers have studied tree rings,ice cores, coral growths and historical records for clues to past temperatures. These tell the same story:this has been the warmest decade for 1,000 years.
In 1999 temperatures have been above average every month, except June.The hottest year was 1990, but 1999 could still beat it. "It depen ds on
how long this cold snap last s,"said Dr jonat han . "It's what we would expect as a resu ltof
continued gree n house gas build-up an d forcing of the climate system by this hum an input in to the atmosphere," he added.
Last year was, globally, the hottest for the pla net. Climate scientists blamed it on El Nino, the cyclic bubble of heat that appeared
mysteriously in the Pacific, distortingweather patterns and triggering floods in normallydry regions,and droughts in rainforest areas. El Nino was followed by a rapid dip in Pacific
temperatures, called La Nina.
Daniel Parkinson of the Meteorology Service said: "Our forecast for 2000 shows a high
probability of it being warmer than 1999, as the cold Pacific slowly warms again naturally, but only a low probability of beating the 1998 record."
El
THE bacteriumCaulobactercrescentususesthetoughest glue on Earth to stick to river rocks, and now
scientists are trying to figure out how to produce the stuff.
The adhesivecan withstandan enormous am ount of stress, equalto theforce felt bya quarterwith more
than threecars piled on top of it.That' stwo tothree timesmore force than the bestretailglues can handle.
The single-celled bacterium uses sugarmolecules to stay put in rivers, stream s,and water pipes, anew
stu dy found.It's not clear how theglue actuallyworks,however,but researchers presume som e special
proteins must be attached to the sugars.
"Thereare obvious applicationssince this adhes iveworks onwet surfaces,"saidstu dy leader Mark
Brickwall, an AlamoUniversitybacteriologist. "One possibility would be as abiodegradable surgicaladhesive."
Engineerscould use the superiorsticku m too,Brickwallandcolleaguessay.
But making it hasproved challenging.Likeamess of chewinggum,thegunkglobs to everyt hing , includingthe tools used to create it.
"We tried washingthe glueoff,"Brickwall said."It didn't work."
o
CROSS-BORDER beer smugglingis one of the fastest
growingretailbusinesses in the country, according to a survey.
More than 100,000 vans are esti mated to have
made the crossing stacked withillegalbeerim ports
from the neighbouringcountries in the pastyear -12%up on 1998 and doublethe number in 1993
when the Europeansingle marketwasformed. Buyin gcheap duty-paid beer in these countri es, wh ere taxlevels are around one eighthof domestic
rates, is not illegal ifthe beer isfor person al
consumption. But importingfor resale is
smuggling, and theNational Revenue an d Customs
Authority believes "van man" smugglinghas
reached recordlevels.The NRCAsays it operates
undercover surveillance ofsmugglers at borders
and believesthey are becomingmore sophisticated as customsofficer sattempt to clamp down on the trade. Itsays smugglers areusinglessconspicuous
vehicleslike peoplecarriersandestate cars.
NRCAestim ates 11,500 beer-car ryin gvehicles
a year head for the capital and that the next most popular destinationis major cities,with nearly 7,000vans ayear.
AnNRCA spokesman said:"The beer-runner sare
well-organizedand are cheating the country out of
millions ofEurosof taxes, and with such a massive
risein th e number of vansin 1999 the market for the sellingof this beer must be oneofthe fastest growi ng ret ail sectors."
HOUSE prices will continue to run ahead of wagesand inflation next year with average prices leaping by11%in 2000, accordingto forecastspublish edtodayby NBS building society.
News of the continuously risinghousepric es isexp ected to beaccompanied todaybyreformsfrom the dep artmentof trade and indu stry, whic h are likelyto include measures preventinglendersmakingit compulsory for borrowersto buyinsurance with their mortgages.
The governm ent had a meeting with mortgagelendersthisweekand isexpe ct ed to call an other mortgage "summit" next month as partof its strategy to end "rip-off customers" and bringmortgages
under the remitofth e City regulator,the financialservicesauthority. Hou sepricesrose byaround 13.5%
in 1999,according to NBS, and the increasinglybuoyan t econom ic outlook will sustain confidence in the marketin 2000, it says.The fore cast isbacked byColonialProperties, which yesterday predicted tha t house priceswill rise by10%in 2000.
A10%increase willadd an extra €7,500 to the priceofthe average house in the country, bringingit to
pricesto €142,000. But NBS expects the bigge st increasesto come outside the capital. "During 2000 the
nort h ern an d westernhousingmarkets, wh ich have th isyear been held back bytheslu m p in
manufacturing, are likely to see prices grow more closely in lin ewith th eaverage," it says.How ever,
Colonial Prop erties,although expectinga "more even "national pattern,believesthecapitalwill continue
to lead the wayin percentage increases.
Th e only factorholdingback price incr easeswill be further interest rate increases.withecon om ists
predictingthat mortgage rates could risefrom their present levelto a peakof8%.
o
THERE is clearly som et h ing a bit special abou t
Kaiu li Beach .Whetherit is som et h ing in th e
win ds, or in the seas. or in the stars. ishard to say.
But special it undoubtedlyis.For this sh or t strip of
coastal land on the edge of th e city of Glancemour
hastwo hugeclaimsto fame.
For centuries.KaiuliBeach hasbeen at the
crossroads of New Zealand's sometimes bitter
mu lti-racial hist ory, the place wh ere, in a veryreal
sense,the who le cou n try began.But in on ly a few
weeks'time.the beachan d the whole Glancemour
areawill also becomeone of the focal points of
the planet, asGlancemour becomes the first city
in the world to greet the dawn of the new mille n n iu m.
Every dayin the worl d's easternmostcity, th e
sun comesup out ofthe Pacific "like a ballof fire
from th eocean."asWalgreenputsit - the Maori
name for thedistrict,Tarau whiti,means "th ecoast
upon which the su n shin es across thewaters ".On January1, 2000. therefore. midway through the
sou th ern hemisphere su m mer, Glancemourgetsto
launch the first party ofthe millennium. Itwill do so at about the time that peoplein wintry Europ e are still watch ing thedyinglightof1999an d wh ile
those in America are still eating theirfinal lunch es ofthe20th cen tury.
At 5.39 a.m ., the su n will strike the su m m it of
Mount Hai kurengi, some80 miles to the northof
Glancemour. Seven minuteslater. the first rays of th e new centurywill break across the ocean and be visiblefrom the cityofGlancemouritself. "Our
cou n tryan dour peoplewillquite literallybe first
to th e future." says Prime Min iste r jeremyStanley
in someofthe mountain s ofpromotionalmateri al to mark the coun try's momentin the su n .
First read the following text and then choose the answers to questions 6-10.
RENEWABLE ENERGY
Whether we are switching the light on, drying our hair, using the microwave or working on our computers, energy is an essential of modem life. We use it every day in most of the things we do.It
creates convenience and comfort, helps keep us healthy and enter-tained. Our civilisation would collapse without it.
Yet there is also a heavy price. Traditional methods of power generation have created a legacy of acid rain, oil spills and
-despite billions of pounds of research - nuclear waste, issues all of which need to be consi-dered. That price never appears on the quarterly bill. Renewable energy comes from different sources that will remain sustainable long after fossil fuels simply disappear. Photovoltaic cells that convert our sunlight into electricity, wind turbines that exploit climate, hydro-power which captures energy from falling water, and wave power which captures energy from the rise and fall of tides are some of the main sources.
Wind and water power are well established although such sour-ces currently provide only 2% of Britain's electricity. Yet renew-able energy now meets approxi-mately 20% of the world's
electricity needs; this could rise to 30-45% by the year 2025. There is a huge potential for the effective use of renewable sources of energy in this country, but its implementation is poor.
What are the costs ofusing non-renewable sources?
Most serious of all wouldbe'the contribution to climate change. We have been continuously pump-ing a large amount of carbon dioxide and other gases into the atmosphere. The gases unlocked by burning the coal which fuelled the industrial revolution are augmented by the steadily increased burning of other fossil fuels, such as oil and natural gas, just like other carbon dioxide emissions, such as from car exhaust gases. The carbon di-oxide creates a blanket around the earth. Heat which would normally disappear into space can't escape, and is reflected back to be soaked up by the seas and oceans. Our world gets hotter. This is called the Green-house Effect. Is it a coincidence that 11 of the 12 hottest years on record have occurred since 1980,
with 1998 the hottest year eyer
recorded and 1999 set to be in the top 10?
Europe has seen the average temperature increase by 0.8°C
this century, and the WorldHealth Organisation warned in July tlfat global warming could result in mosquitoes spreading diseases like malaria and encephalitis through the northern hemisphere, Exceptional weather this summer in New York City created perfect breeding conditions .for mosquitoes and helicopters were used to spray the entire city with insecticide. Large parts of Euro-pean countries suffered their worst floods ever last year. The government has recognised climate change as one of the greatest environmental<threats
facing the world today; The government's chief scientist says the Gulf Stream, which makes Britain's climate so benign, could be haIted. Nowhere is immune. In the Arctic, where temperatures are higher than at any time during the last two centuries, the ice keeps melting. Wildlife can't adapt fast enough, and polar bears, walruses and whales are losing their feeding grounds. Marine biologists reported in July that most of the world's coral reefs could die within the next century. With predictions of global tempera-tures rising by a further 3-4°C
over the next century, worse is likely to be in store.
Now decide which is the correct answer (a, b or c) to the items 6-10 and mark your answers on the answer sheet.
The implementation of renewable sources
@]
is not as efficient as it could be.lli]
needs more money.[I]
has huge potentials.D
The carbon dioxide blanket
@]
protects the Earth from space radiation.[li]
does not let hot air out to the space.[I]
was created by the Greenhouse Effect.[]
The temperature in Europe
@]
has been changing coincidentally lately.lli]
broke records in 1980.[I]
has increased by almostr
-e
in average.Britain's climate
@]
is changing rapidly resulting changes in wildlife.lli]
is mild because of the Gulf Stream.[I]
suffers from the melting ice.In the following century
@]
marine biologists will have to save coral reefs.lli]
temperature around the globe might rise a further 3-4°C.[I]
scientists will look for solutions to global warming."First read the items (11-20) then read the text. Decide which part of the text (a-I) contains the information in each of the items. Each part of the text may only be used once.
Domesticspecialties for the whole country The current culinary masterpieces
The reason why we can take it home from the supermarket Wide range of selection for every taste
Nothing compares to the original The only real thing
Back to the roots
Where does it come from? Tribute to the First Lady
You can be thankful for the poor
There are not too many nations that can say their national dish has become an internatio a
phenomenon. Italy has two such dishes, pasta and of course pizza. In America pizza usuallyfalc
into two categories: thick and cheesy Chicagostyle or thin and more traditional New York pizza . In Italypizzaalsofalls into two distinct categories: Italian pizza and the rest of the world. It mig -seem silly considering the basic ingredients, but one taste of a true Italian pizza and that's it. 0
will never feel the same about this simple and deliciousfood again.
Pizza in its most basic form as a seasoned flatbread has a long history in the Mediterranea . Several cultures including the Greeks and Phoenicians ate a flatbread made from flour and wate. The dough would be cooked by placing on a hot stone and then seasoned with herbs. The Gree called this early pizza "plankuntos"and it was basically used as an edible plate when eating stews
or thick broth. It was not yet what we would call pizza today but it was very much like mode focaccia. These early pizzas were eaten from Rome to Egypt to Babylon and were praised by e
ancient historians Herodotus and Cato the Elder.
The word "pizza"is thought to have come from the Latin word "pinsa". meaning flatbread(althoug there is much debate about the origin of the word). A legend suggests that Roman soldiers gaine a taste for Jewish Matzoth while stationed in Roman occupied Palestine and developed a simi food after returninghome. However, a recent archaeologicaldiscovery has found a preserved Bronze
Age pizza in the Veneto region. By the Middle Ages these early pizzas started to take on a more modern look and taste. The peasantry of the time used what few ingredientsthey could get their hands on to produce the modern pizza dough and topped it with olive oil and herbs.
]J
The introduction of the Indian Water BuffaLo gave pizza another dimension with the production of mozzarella cheese. Even today, the use of fresh mozzarella di buffaLo in ItaLian pizza cannot be substituted. While other cheeses have made their way onto pizza (usually in conjunction with fresh mozzarella), no ItaLian Pizzeria wouLd ever use the dried shredded type used on so many American pizzas.~ The introduction of tomatoes to ItaLian cuisine in the 18th and earLy 19th centuries finaLLy gave us the true modern ItaLian pizza. Even though tomatoes reached ItaLy by the 1530s it was wideLy thought that they were poisonous and were grown onLy for decoration. However, the innovative (and probabLy starving) peasants of NapLes started using the supposedLy deadLy fruit in many of their foods, including their earLy pizzas. Since that fatefuL day the worLd of ItaLian cuisine wouLd never be the same, however, it took some time for the rest of society to accept this crude peasant food. Once members of the LocaL aristocracy tried pizza they couLdn't get enough of it, which by this time was being soLd on the streets of NapLes for every meal.
~ As pizza popuLarity increased, street vendors gave way to actuaL shops where peopLe couLd order a custom pizza with many different toppings. By 1830 the "Antica Pizzeria Port'ALba" of NapLes had become the first true pizzeria and this venerabLe institution is still producing masterpieces. The popuLar pizza Margherita owes its name to ItaLy's Queen Margherita who in 1889 visited the Pizzeria Brandi in NapLes. The PizzaioLi (pizza maker) on duty that day, RafaeLe Esposito created a pizza for the Queen that contained the three coLors of the new ItaLian flag. The red of tomato, white of the mozzarella and fresh green basil was a hit with the Queen and the rest of the worLd. NeapoLitan styLe pizza had now spread throughout ItaLy and each region started designing their own versions based on the ItaLian cuLinary ruLe of fresh, LocaL ingredients.
:ID
The Pizza Margherita may have set the standard, but there are numerous popuLar varieties of pizza made in ItaLy today. Pizza from a Pizzeria is the recognized round shape, made to order and aLways cooked in a woolfired oven. RegionaL varieties are aLways worth trying such as Pizza Marinara, a traditionaL NeapoLitan pizza that has oregano, anchovies and Lots of garLic. Pizza NapoLi: tomato mozzareLLa and anchovies. Capricciosa: a topping of mushrooms, Prosciutto, artichoke hearts, oLives and a boiLed egg. Pizza PugLiese makes use of the LocaL capers and oLives of the area while Pizza Veronese has mushrooms and tender Prosciutto crudo. Pizzas from SiciLy can have numerous toppings ranging from green olives, seafood, hard-boiled eggs and peas.::5J
Besides regionaL styLes there are severaL varieties that are popuLar throughout ItaLy. Quattro Formagi uses a four cheese combination using fresh mozzareLLa and three LocaL cheeses such as gorgonzoLa, ricotta and parmigiano-reggiano. ItaLian tuna packed in oLive oiL is aLso a popuLar topping aLong with other marine products Like anchovies, shellfish and shrimp. Quattro Stagioni is a pizza (simiLar to the Capricciosa) that represents the four seasons and makes a good sampLer pizza with sections of artichokes, saLami or Prosciutto cotto. mushrooms, and tomatoes. In Liguria you may find pizza topped with basiL pesto and no tomato sauce. Of course there are hundreds more to discover and aLL of them are delicious, not to mention the other members of the pizza family.JJ
In the past few years a pizza with pomodoro pachino and rughetta (cherry tomato and aruguLa) became extremeLy popuLar. ALso mozzarella di bufaLa is becoming the choice for better pizza. Other types of pizza: pizza aL tagLio aLso known as pizza rustica is soLd everywhere in ItaLy, usually by weight and often piled with marinated mushrooms, onions or artichokes. This styLe of pizza is cooked on a sheet pan at street staLLs and makes a good quick Lunch. Focaccia resembLes the earLiest pizzas being without tomatoes or cheese but covered in oLive oil, carameLized onions and other savory toppings. Sfincione is a thick Siciliansheet pizza that uses tomato sauce, anchovies (usually anchovy paste) breadcrumbs and caciocavaLLo (or anotherLocaL variety) cheese.IT]
ItaLian caLzones are (no surprise here!) smaller than their American cousins and are often fiLLed with either meats or fresh vegetabLes (a favorite is spinach) and mozzareLLa. A newer Line of desserts gaining popuLarity is the emergence of sweet pizzas and traditionaL ItaLian pizzerias are trying to accommodate this trend by using unique ingredients. These dessert pizzas often have flavor combinations such as NuteLLa, honey, fruit jam, yogurt, even mustard and Liquor.[K]
One thing to keep in mind when ordering pizza in an ItaLianpizzeria is that the product is personaL size. Each person at a tabLe shouLd ordertheir own individuaL pizza - one bite will expLain why. In certain areas outside ItaLy, there are a few PiazzioLi who keep to their homeLand traditions as best they can with the ingredients they have, but it really isn't the same. In the end there is no going back once you try a reaL ItaLian pizza, no deLivery or frozen productwill ever stimuLate your taste buds the way a reaL pizza wiLL.rn
And there is frozen pizza too but usuaLLy it doesn't even come close to the reaL thing. The first frozen pizza in the worLd was set right just for an air-shipment in the Second WorLd War. Francis Ferrari, an ItaLian-American from Newark, got a Letter from his brother Fred who was fighting for the marines saying "If I couLd have a pizza Like the one which mama made at home, I wouLd put up with aLL the sufferings". After many attempts, Francis managed to invent a pizza, which couLd endure the air-voyage and reach the marines who were fighting against the Japanese. Coming back from the war, Fred, fed on frozen pizzas, set up together with his brother a society for spreading the noveLty aLL over the worLd.Justin Demetri, LifeinitaLy.com
Read the following letter and decide which word or phrase (a, b, or c) is missing in items 21-30. Mark your answers on the answer sheet.
Dear Sir or Madam,
First off aLL I want to thank you for aLL your heLp
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pLanning our trip to PaLermo. What a great experience! The HoteL Olive Garden was a great hotel. The Location was perfect for us and the staff were so friendLy and heLpfuL.The restaurant at the hoteL was exceLLent. The hoteL staff at the front desk were extremeLy heLpfuL in showing us on maps how to get to pLaces and where to go. We went to Piana and Reggiota and they
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the trip.Even though we had the 2-bedroom apartment we decided to change after the 2nd night
because of the road noise. We're not quite
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the traffic noise,Serdina is a very busy city. The staff changed our rooms to 2 single rooms ~ price in.a quieter part of the hotel. It was perfect after that. We met a lot of great people who helped us when language was a problem but other than that weE1j
with our English. I'm surprised how well they know the language. The city is beautiful and the food was great.We also met people who had been there before and told us what to see. One was the market in Pesidera. What a
ED
place! I bought salami and sausage there. I loved the buildings too. Our taxi driver who picked us up at the airport was a treasure. He was waitingfor us at the airportEE
we were a bit late and was on time (6:00 a.m.) to bring us back. What a wonderful experience we had in a country I never thought IEIJ
go to. Your help has made the experience go smoothly and weEIJ
that a great deal. IEIlJ
everyone about the trip and how beautiful Palermo is and about the service you provided.Thanks again for all your help and the services you provided. Yours truly,
Jim Osbourne
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sayRead the following text and decide which of the words or phrases (a-o) is missing in items 31-40. Mark your answers on the answer sheet.
Turtle Care
Like many other reptiles and amphibians, turtles are
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to children. However, many people buy turtles based on their "novelty factor," never taking into account the animal's special needs. When you purchase a cat or a dog, there are always several costly procedures that must be taken to ensure their good health and longevity; shots, operations, etc., not to mention crates, toys, dog houses, and grooming products. Turtles aren't as complicated to careEE
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but many die in captivity because they aren't treated with the same degree of care and attention as their fur-bearing counterparts.Ifthey are properly cared for, turtles can live for many decades, but this requires you to pay close attention to their diets, living arrangements, and treatment.Making sure a turtle has enough room to live in, making sure it has enough light, shade, an"d
moisture, clean water, and a basking lamp are just a few of the steps you need to undertake to keep your pet turtles healthy.
In some cases, people choose to try and
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a turtle's natural habitat as authentic as possible, and this sometimes means setting up a turtle pen outside. Doing so means your turtle will hibernate in the fall, which is great if you plan to breed turtles, since their natural cycles aren't being tampered with. Also, turtles which do not hibernate have been known tom
liver diseases.Ifyou have small children, it would be best to make sure they do not
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turtles attempting to hibernate by diggingthem out. This also means you won't be seeing your turtle until late spring, when it comes out of hibernation.Some people use refrigerators to try and recreate ideal conditions for the turtles to hibernate. This practice is not recommended for the simple reason that in the event of a power
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or a sudden rise in temperature, the turtle's slumber will be interrupted, and in some cases, that could be fatal. Itis best not to let your turtle hibernate at all if you are planning on keeping it indoors.When you keep a turtle indoors, it is important to consider the following: Your turtle's tank
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must be at least 40 gallons. There must be enough room to put a land area, and a water area. Your turtle should also have a place where it can bask in the heat of a sun lamp.The ideal temperature for your turtle's habitat depends greatly on the breed, as terrestrial turtles can maintain body heat longer than
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turtles. In general, keep the tank around 800 during thedaytime and 700
at night. It is a good idea not to take the turtle out of its tank to show itpff or
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with it. These EIJchanges in temperature can affect the~
system of reptiles, since they are cold-blooded animals and take longer to adjust to the changes.[JJ
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mistakeYou will hear five news items. You will hear each item only once. Then you will have time to answer the questions.
Decide which headline (a-g) goes with each news item. Mark your answers on the answer sheet.
Now you will have 45 seconds to read the headlines. Tracks 12-16:
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New regulations for the cityG
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CH ICA GO WELCOMES PAHTI ES~
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Less income for businesses~
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No one got hurt~
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Deadly railway accidentNot much help from weatherYou will hear a report. First you will have one minute to read the introduction and the items. Then you will hear the report. You will hear the report only once. Then you will have time to answer the questions.
Decide if the statement for each of the items is true (+) or not true (-) and mark your answers on the answer sheet.
Now you will have one minute to read the items.
Track 17:
