Challenges
Challenges
of
of
Requirements
Requirements
Modelling
Modelling
in the
in the
Product
Product
Development
Development
Process
Process
--
Integrated
Integrated
Requirements
Requirements
Modelling
Modelling
ProSTEP iViP Symposium 2006Köln, April 25th – 26th
Dan
Dan BrissonBrisson
Dr. Ralf
Dr. Ralf--Stefan LossackStefan Lossack
DI Michael
DI Michael Maletz Maletz
April 25th2006 2
Outline
Outline
Introduction
Introduction
Challenges in Product Development
Motivation & Complexity of Requirements Modelling Current Best Practice in RM & Call for Action
Solution
Solution
Approaches
Approaches
/
/
Concepts
Concepts
Requirements Compliant Product Development Integrated Requirements Modelling
Traceability Concept
Requirements
Requirements
Modelling
Modelling
Example
Example
Verification of Concept on the Example of a Vehicle Door Limitations of Current Practice - Tools
Outlook &
Introduction
Introduction
Motivation & Complexity
Challenges in Product Development
April 25th2006 4
Importance
Importance
of
of
Requirements Modelling
Requirements Modelling
Customers explanation Project Leaders Understanding Understanding of … As Designed Described by Consultant
Documented Delivered Billed Supported Real need of Customer
Importance
Importance
of
of
Requirements Modelling
Requirements Modelling
Requirements
Requirements
are statements which describe
properties and characteristics a product and/or a
process has to fulfill.
Requirements
Requirements
modelling
modelling
is the process of
eliciting
analyzing
managing
tracing
verifying
requirements and their evolution through the whole
product life cycle.
April 25th2006 6
Challenges
Challenges
in
in
Product
Product
Development
Development
Global distributed development Collaborative teamwork CAD CAE Concept OEM Tier 1 Engineering Supplier Engineering Supplier CAD Tier 2 Manufacturing Supplier Manufacturing Supplier Production Planning R4.1 R5.1 R6.1 R7 R8 R9 R3 R3 R1 R1 R2 R2 R4 R5 R6 R1.1 R2.1 R3.1
Changing and evolving requirements Keep track of dependencies
Requirements Modelling
Requirements Modelling
Today
Today
&
&
Tomorrow
Tomorrow
Complexity - products are becomingComplexity
more and more complex
Lack of Lack of Formalization – due toFormalization
product complexity and no unique req. understanding
Priority - higher at different stages Priority
of the development process
Acceptance - of company culture Acceptance
and historically grown domains
Boundaries - poor integration of Boundaries
customer, supply chain & company internally
Today
Today
‘s RM Problems
‘s RM Problems
Integration into:Integration
~ development processes
~ support processes
~ manufacturing process planning
Support in: Support
~ early phases for customer /
supplier cooperation
Consistency – tracing over the wholeConsistency
life cycle and beyond company borders
Realization of computer supported Realization
RM in PDM/PLM Systems
Solutions
Michael Maletz April 25th2006
Complexity
Complexity
of RM in the
of RM in the
Product
Product
Development
Development
Process
Process
Based on VDA 4.3
Current
Current
Best
Best
Practice
Practice
for RM Tools
for RM Tools
Two main types of Tools for RM:
Two main types of Tools for RM:
a) Modelling and validation tools for system development b) Requirements management tools
Main functions of existing RM tools are:
Main functions of existing RM tools are:
Office integration (import / export to MS-Word etc.) Handling of attributes for requirements
Linking and traceability options between requirements Baselining and rollback
Different views on requirements Web based multi client capability
April 25th2006 10
State of the Art in
State of the Art in
Product
Product
Development
Development
/ RM
/ RM
PLM 1
PLM x
Consistent PLM Data
(i.e. PLM Services)
Product Development Process
Call for action:
Call for action:
integration of SOTA RM to product development process in a consistent manner.
RM Tool 1
(e.g. DOORS)
RM Tool x
(e.g. Requisite Pro)Consistent Requirements Data
(e.g. RIF*)
Solution
Solution
Approaches
Approaches
/
/
Concepts
Concepts
Requirements Compliant with Product Development
Integrated Requirements Modelling
April 25th2006 12
Requirements Compliant Product Development
Requirements Compliant Product Development
Escalations
Escalations RequirementsRequirements CostsCosts ProjectProject ChangesChanges ReleasesReleases …
Development Development processes processes Support Support processes processes Manufacturing Manufacturing processes processes …
Product
Requirements Requirements Elicitation Elicitation Requirements Requirements Analysis Analysis Requirements Requirements Management Management Requirements Requirements Verification VerificationVoice
Voice
of
of
Customer
Customer
Interpret
Interpret
needs
needs
Specification
Specification
Documents
Documents
Explicit
Explicit
Req
Req
.
.
Evolving
Evolving
Req
Req
.
.
Communicating
Communicating
Req
Req
.
.
Trace
Trace
Req
Req
.
.
Agreeing
Agreeing
Req
Integrate
Integrate requirements modellingrequirements modelling in in productproduct developmentdevelopment process byprocess
linking of requirements – functions - components linking to core and support processes
as basis for traceability
Integrated
Integrated
Requirements Modelling
Requirements Modelling
Requirement Function Component
Support Processes
Releases
Requirements Changes …
Core Processes
April 25th2006 14
Horizontal
Horizontal
tracing
tracing
used
used
to carry out
to carry out
impact
impact
analysis
analysis
understand how requirements are satisfied understand impact of changing requirements possible effects of component tests / failures
satisfaction links to identify related requirements, functions and components
Horizontal Impact
Horizontal Impact
Traceability
Traceability
Concept
Concept
Component Function
Requirement
Transfer of
Transfer of requirements traceabilityrequirements traceability to the Vto the V--ModelModel
Development undertaken in different levels
Requirements & functions play an important role at each level
Vertical
Vertical
Traceability
Traceability
Concept
Concept
–
–
in the
in the
Example
Example
of the V
of the V
-
-
Model
Model
Statement of need (VoC)
Statement of
need (VoC) Operational
use Operational use Customer Requirements System Reqs & Functions
Sub-System Reqs & Functions
Component Product Acceptance System Test Sub-System Test Component verification validation verification
April 25th2006 16
Computer supported requirements management as basis for decision in e.g. change and
release processes
in all development phases (e.g. at milestones, quality gates etc.)
RM in Support
RM in Support
Processes
Processes
Requirements
Requirements
Management
Management
Req Req.. Eliciting Eliciting Req Req. . AnalysisAnalysis
Core
Core
Development
Development
Processes
Processes
Req
Req.. Verification
Verification Support
Support ProcessesProcesses
Process Product
R
e
q
s
R
e
q
s
Change ProcessR
e
q
s
R
e
q
s
Release ProcessRequirements Modelling
Requirements Modelling
Example
Example
Verification of Concept in DOORS® on the Example of a Vehicle Door
April 25th2006 18
Initial Situation
Initial Situation
–
–
Example
Example
for RM on a
for RM on a
vehicle
vehicle
door
door
1) OEM: assignment of module development (e.g. door) – requirements specification documents
2) Supplier & OEM:
- exchange documents & negotiate 3) Development requirements fulfillment
Use
Use
Case
Case
Scenario
Scenario
:
:
Requirements:
vehicle must fulfill FMVSS 214*, easy assembly must be guaranteed, etc.
Functions of components:
the side protection system offers resistance for side impact, the frame joint positions the door in the frame,…
Dependencies:
the frame joint also affects the requirement for the door assembly
Reqs. Reqs.
Complexity
Complexity
of
of
Dependency
Dependency
-
-
Functions
Functions
&
&
Components
Components
DOORS®Screenshot:
Complexity and relation between components & functions
The door consists of:
Components Parts
Functions
Function
April 25th2006 20
Verification
Verification
of
of
Traceability
Traceability
Concept
Concept
Question
Question
: What happens if the frame joint changes?:What functions are affected?
What requirements are related to the frame joint?
Component
Component
Requirement
Requirement
Function
Function
Results
Results
/
/
Limitations
Limitations
with
with
Today
Today
‘s RM Tools
‘s RM Tools
Today‘s tools offer the ability to:
Locate dependencies
Trace changes
Analyze impacts
Etc.
Limitations
:
Mostly „stand alone“ solutions
Poor support for product life cycle
Not very well suited for modelling of product requirements
Poor integration of development processes
April 25th2006 22
Outlook,
Outlook,
Conclusion
Conclusion
&
Ongoing
Ongoing
R&D:
R&D:
RM as
RM as
Backbone
Backbone
in the PLM
in the PLM
Context
Context
Collisions etc.
Access checks Standards etc.
etc. Jigs etc.
Robots BiW etc. Powertrain Variants Reporting etc. Team Costs F u n c ti o n s e tc . e tc . Specification Documents Changes etc. Release Components Product Structure
Product Lifecycle Management
Document Management
Workflow
Management BoM DMU
Program Management Configuration Management Manufacturing Process Planning Resource Management
Requirements Modelling
Requirements Modelling
Requirements Modelling
Requirements Modelling
R e q u ir e m e n ts M a n a g e m e n tMichael Maletz April 25th2006
Ongoing
Ongoing
R&D
R&D
Collaboration
Collaboration
Project (OpenMPM)
State of the Art:
Research Results
Emerging Standards
Use-Case Scenarios
State of the Art:
Requirements
Use-Cases
Industrial Best-Practices
State of the Art Software Tools for Engineering Collaboration
Lifecycle
Lifecycle
of
of
Ongoing
Ongoing
R&D
R&D
Collaboration
Collaboration
(
(
OpenMPM
OpenMPM
)
)
Docs. Workf. BoM DMU
Progr. Config. Manuf. Res.
R
e
q
April 25th2006 26
Conclusion
Conclusion
Deeper integration of requirements modelling in the
product development process in order to improve product
quality, development time and reduction of costs
Computer supported approach in which requirements
modelling builds the basis in product modelling
Incorporate requirements modelling in manufacturing &
production planning processes
Include different disciplines (marketing, engineering, after
sales, etc.) & supply chain
Summary
Summary
Highlighted the complexity & challenges of requirements
modelling in the product development process
Summarized the current best practices in requirements
modelling
Discussed solution approaches for integrated requirements
modelling
Overview of future activities to implement requirements
April 25th2006 28
Thank you!
Thank you!
Questions?
Questions?
Discussion
Discussion
?
?
This work was promoted with funds of the Kplus Competence Center Program, the “Land Steiermark”, the “Steirischen Wirtschaftsförderungsgesellschaft mbH“ and the city of Graz, Austria.
