Rehabilitation of Locks on the Kentucky River

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Rehabilitation of Locks on the

Kentucky River

Joshua M. Repp, PE

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Presentation Overview

• River System History

• Evolution of Lock and Dams Structures

• Existing Condition of Structures

• Lock No. 3&4 Renovation Plan

• Lock Dewatering System

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our people and our passion in every project

Kentucky River – Inland Waterway Relationships

Rochester, NY

Lower

Mississippi

Kentucky

River

Upper

Mississippi

Ohio River

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River System Structures

• 14 Locks and Dams

Owners:

Kentucky River Authority (KRA)

Corps of Engineers

• Dams

– fixed crest

• Locks

–

Locks 1-4 (open)

–

Locks 5-14 (closed)

–

145’x38’ chamber (Locks 1-5)

–

147’x52’ chamber (Locks 6-14)

–

8 to18 foot Lifts

Frankfort

Lexington

Jackson

L4

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1775

1800

1900

2000

2010

Pre-1775

• Native Americans occupied land.

1775

• Increase in mining & timbering • First Flat Boats

Kentucky River System History - Timeline

1790 • Coal Barges 1812 • Steam Boats 1836 - 1842 • L&D 1-5 Constructed 1836 - 1842

• Kentucky Railroad Expansion Begins

1862 • Civil War • Damage to Dams 1884 - 1917 • L&D 6-14 Constructed 1951 Recommended Closure of Locks 8-14 1836 – 1842

Commercial Navigation Decline due to Railroad Expansion

2003-2004 L&D 6-14 closed due to lack of funding 2007 Plan issued to rehabilitate Locks 1-4 for recreational use

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Kentucky River Locks 3 & 4 Project

GEST, KY

Rehabilitate Locks

(Additive Alternative Work)

Replace Dam 3

(Base Bid)

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Evolution of the Kentucky River Dams

Timber Crib Dam

- Original 1830’s

- Replaced in-kind 1910

Concrete Cap

- Original 1910

- Repaired 1950

Dam Sheeting &

Resurfacing Repair

- 1990’s

Cellular Dam

- Ongoing

- 2 of 14 dams

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Existing Conditions - Dam No. 3

p o

Sect o s

Missing

Apron

Sections

Broken

Apron

Sections

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Lock Structures

• Walls

– 220’ long by 30’ high

– Locks 1-8 limestone masonry

– Locks 9-14 concrete walls

• Miter Gates

– Original wooden gates replaced with

horizontally framed steel gates.

– Original hand-operated machinery

converted to electric and hydraulic

• Filling/Emptying System

– Miter gate valves (filling/emptying)

– Wall culverts (filling)

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Existing Lock Conditions - Locks 5-14 Closed to Navigation

Lock 5

Upper Miter Gate

Upper Sill

Concrete Bulkhead Wall

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Existing Lock Conditions

• Miter Gates

– Timber Seals (Quoin, Miter, & Sill)

– Gate Valves

– Gate Misalignment

– Pintle

Weathered Miter

& Quoin Post

Weathered

Quoin

Gate Valve

Leakage

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Existing Lock Conditions

• Miter Gate Anchorages

Failed

Anchor

Pin

2 Anchor Pins

Miter

Gate

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Existing Lock Conditions

• Preparation of Overtopping

– Secure of miter gates

– Removable or collaspable

railing, machinery

Collapse Machinery Stands

Turnbuckle

Assembly

Cable

Tie-backs

Store Rack

in-line with

Gate

Remove/ Collapse Wall &

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River Levels – Lock and Dam No.3

Top of Lock

T/O Crest EL. 453.7

6 mo. Flood

+10’

-7’

+1’

1 yr. Flood

+16’

+7.5’

10 yr. Flood

+31’

_+22’

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Lock Renovation Plan

• Rehabilitate Gates

– Gate Valves

– Replace Pintle & Bonnet

– Steel Repairs

– Diagonal Replacement

– Quoin, Miter, Sill Seals

• Masonry Repointing

• Concrete Overlay on Top of Wall

• Convert Power Supply from

Electric to Pneumatic

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Renovation Summary

Pneumatic

Supply

Conduit

Add Diagonal Strap

Rehabilitate Valves (3)

Replace Anchorages

Replace Pintle

& Socket

Replace

Seals

Rubber

Sill Seal

Reconstruct Sill

Reconstruct Quoin

with Quoin Plate

Repoint

Masonry

Concrete

Overlay (6”)

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Dewatering of the Lock

• Wall Stability Analysis Issues

– Geometry unknown

• the thickness of the lock walls was

determined by the resident

engineer during construction

– No former calculations

– Wall not theoretically stable with no

physical signs of instability

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Wall Geometry Investigations at Lock 3

Landwall

Riverwall

Dam Crest

Esplanade

Lock Floor &

Rock Line

Interpolated

Rock Line

Interpolated

Masonry Line

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1

FULL WALL STRUTTING

Wall Anchor

Needle Dam

Bulkhead

Needle Dam

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PHASE 1 - DEWATERING

PHASE 2 - DEWATERING

Secure

Lower

Gate

Secure

Upper

Gate

Wall Strut

Needle Dam

Bulkhead

Wall Strut

Needle Dam

Bulkhead

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Strut System for Dewatering

Struts

(7o_incline)

Waler

Sliding

Plane

Flanged

Adjustment

Assembly

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Bulkhead System for Dewatering @ Lower Gate

Gate Recess

Wall Struts

Sheet Piling

Anchored

Precast Sill

Blocks

Bulkhead

Beam

Wall Anchors

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Wall Anchors

Temporary Survey Marker

Bulkhead

Reactions

Wall Struts

Lower Gate

Bulkhead

Reactions

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PDH Questions

Q: When were the first locks and dams constructed on the Kentucky River?

Q: What were two major factors related to the decline in commercial traffic for

the river system?

• 1830’S

Q: What two advantages did vertical walers offer to the strut system?

1. Variable river levels – difficult to navigate

2. Unreliability and size of lock and dam structures

3. Advancement of railroads for transport of goods

Q: The adjustment assembly in the pipe struts was detailed for what purpose?

1. Improved global stability - Increased the sliding resistance of the

lock riverwall by lowering the sliding plane.

2. Better load distribution to the irregular and discontinuous masonry

• To ease removal of the strut between grouted walers after use in

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Lexington) through the City of Frankfort (capital city of the Commonwealth) and flows

northwest into the Ohio River. The river is divided into navigation and water supply pools by a series of 14 locks and dams, many originally constructed in the 1830’s with stone masonry walls. Due to a decline in commercial navigation over the past few decades, the locks have been closed by the state. Reinforced concrete weir walls have been constructed at locks 5 through 14 as a more permanent closure. Some of the timber crib and sheet pile dams, originally constructed to retain pool for navigation purposes, have been replaced to secure pool for water supply.

Recently the KRA/FAC has been evaluating the rehabilitation of Locks 1 through 4, potentially restarting recreational river navigation from the Ohio River to Frankfort, KY. Bergmann

Associates has been contracted to evaluate the lock conditions, structural stability and to develop repair plans. Full rehabilitation documents were developed for Locks 3 and 4 and base repair schemes developed for all four of the 38’ wide by 175’ long locks. The history of this

rehabilitation and future repairs plans will be presented.

Joshua M. Repp is a Project Engineer and Lead Structural Engineer for Bergmann Associates, a

350 person consulting engineering firm and currently works out of the Buffalo Office. He has been working in the Civil Works Group at Bergmann mostly on waterway structures projects around the eastern US for the past seven years. His roles on the projects for the KRA included Assistant Project Manager, Project Engineer, Structural Designer and Cost Engineer. He is a graduate of the University of Buffalo with a BS in Civil Engineering and a ME in Civil-Structural Engineering. He is a Professional Engineer in New York State.