RADIATION SHIELDING DESIGN 2010

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RADIATION SHIELDING DESIGN

2010

RADIATION SHIELDING DESIGN

2010

©

ACMP 2010

SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS – MAY 23, 2010

DANIEL G. HARRELL

SHIELDING CONSTRUCTION SOLUTIONS, INC.

ACMP 2010

SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS – MAY 23, 2010

DANIEL G. HARRELL

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Treatment

Room

Treatment

Room

Radiation

Therapy

Radiation

Therapy

Shielding

Design

Shielding

Design

Treatment

Modality

Treatment

Modality

Shielding

Parameters

Shielding

Parameters

THE DESIGN PROCESS

Shielding

Materials

Shielding

Materials

Radiation

Source &

Equipment

Radiation

Source &

Equipment

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COMMUNICATION

THE PLAYERS

1.

1. The Client

The Client

Treatment Modality

Treatment Modality ––Use and CostUse and Cost

2.

2. Equipment Vendor

Equipment Vendor

Machine Energy

Machine Energy --Space RequirementsSpace Requirements

3.

3. Architect

Architect

Available Space

Available Space -- Entry typeEntry type -- Direct, Maze, Mini Maze, Door FreeDirect, Maze, Mini Maze, Door Free

4.

4. Shielding Vendor

Shielding Vendor

Material Options Material Options

5.

5. Shielding Designer

Shielding Designer

Physicist of Record

Physicist of Record -- ParametersParameters –– Applicable CodesApplicable Codes

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SHIELDING DESIGN

THE TREATMENT ROOM

1.

1. Treatment Modality

Treatment Modality

Treatment Energy, Conventional, Stereotactic, TBI, IMRT, IGRT, e Treatment Energy, Conventional, Stereotactic, TBI, IMRT, IGRT, etctc

2.

2. Components

Components

Isocenter, Equipment, Primary and Secondary Barriers, Penetratio

Isocenter, Equipment, Primary and Secondary Barriers, Penetrations, Entry Typens, Entry Type

3.

3. Entry Types

Entry Types

Direct Entry, Maze Entry, Hybrid Mini Maze, Door Free Entry, Shi

Direct Entry, Maze Entry, Hybrid Mini Maze, Door Free Entry, Shield Door Typeeld Door Type

4.

4. Unique Conditions

Unique Conditions

Penetrations, Existing Shielding, Structural Obstructions, Acces

Penetrations, Existing Shielding, Structural Obstructions, Access to Work Areas to Work Area

5.

5. Shielding Parameters

Shielding Parameters

Workload, Design Goal, Applicable Regulations, Adjacent Occupanc

Workload, Design Goal, Applicable Regulations, Adjacent Occupancies, Futureies, Future

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TREATMENT ROOM

Stereotactic Conventional

(w/o beamstopper) IMRT / IGRT Total Body_Irradiation CyberKnife TomoTherapy

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TREATMENT MODALITY

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TREATMENT ROOM

COMPONENTS

1.

1. Isocenter

Isocenter

2.

2. Equipment

Equipment

(Manufacturer & Space)

3.

3. Primary Barrier

Primary Barrier

(Direction & Width)

4.

4. Secondary Barrier

Secondary Barrier

5.

5. Penetrations

Penetrations

(MEP, Door)

6.

6. Entry Type

Entry Type

(Direct, Maze, Mini Maze, Doorless)

1

2

3

4

5

6

1

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TREATMENT ROOM

COMPONENTS

1.

1. Isocenter

Isocenter

1

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TREATMENT ROOM

COMPONENTS

1.

1. Isocenter

Isocenter

2.

2. Equipment

Equipment

(Manufacturer & Space)

3.

3. Primary Barrier

Primary Barrier

(Direction & Width)

4.

4. Secondary Barrier

Secondary Barrier

5.

5. Penetrations

Penetrations

(Dosimetry Passage, MEP, Door)

6.

6. Entry Type

Entry Type

-

Layout

(Direct, Maze, Mini Maze, Doorless)

1

2

3

4

5

6

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TREATMENT ROOM

ENTRY TYPE AND LAYOUTS

Direct Entry

Mini Maze Entry

Maze Entry

Doorless Entry

Doors can be either Swing type or Sliding type

Direct Entry Mini-Maze Entry Maze Entry Doorless Entry (double-maze)

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TREATMENT ROOM

DOOR TYPES

Sliding Door

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TREATMENT ROOM

(OFTEN OVERLOOKED)

UNIQUE

CONDITIONS

1.

1. Penetrations

Penetrations

Dosimetry Passage Dosimetry Passage Mechanical Openings Mechanical Openings

Entry way (DOOR or DOOR FREE) Entry way (DOOR or DOOR FREE) Skylights

Skylights

2.

2. Existing Shielding

Existing Shielding

Concrete Density Concrete Density

3.

3. Structural Obstructions

Structural Obstructions

Columns & Beams Columns & Beams

Existing Services (Communication, Gas, Electrical, etc) Existing Services (Communication, Gas, Electrical, etc)

4.

4. Access, Delivery, Storage

Access, Delivery, Storage

Moving the material into place Moving the material into place

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TREATMENT ROOM

UNIQUE

CONDITIONS

TREATMENT ROOM

UNIQUE

CONDITIONS

PENETRATIONS

1.

1. Dosimetry Passage

Dosimetry Passage

Best Location Best Location Oblique Angles Oblique Angles

2.

2. Mechanical Openings

Mechanical Openings

Location Location

Shielding Around Shielding Around

3.

3. Entry Way

Entry Way

Layout

Layout –– protectionprotection Door Opening

Door Opening –– Head and JambsHead and Jambs Safety devices

Safety devices --interlocksinterlocks

4.

4. Skylights

Skylights

How and When How and When

Adjacent Occupancies

Adjacent Occupancies –– and other Skylightsand other Skylights

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PENETRATIONS

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TREATMENT ROOM

UNIQUE

CONDITIONS

TREATMENT ROOM

UNIQUE

CONDITIONS

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EXISTING SHIELDING

1.

1. Existing Concrete

Existing Concrete

When was it placed? When was it placed? What Density is it? What Density is it? How to Verify

How to Verify

2.

2. Earth Backed Walls

Earth Backed Walls

Which Walls have EARTH? Which Walls have EARTH? How high does it go?

How high does it go?

3.

3. Occupancy

Occupancy

Adjacent to the shielding walls Adjacent to the shielding walls

What about Beyond? Nearest full occupancy What about Beyond? Nearest full occupancy

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TREATMENT ROOM

UNIQUE

CONDITIONS

TREATMENT ROOM

UNIQUE

CONDITIONS

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EXISTING SHIELDING

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TREATMENT ROOM

UNIQUE

CONDITIONS

TREATMENT ROOM

UNIQUE

CONDITIONS

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STRUCTURAL OBSTRUCTIONS

1.

1. Columns

Columns

Where are they? What are they made of? Where are they? What are they made of? How do we shield around these?

How do we shield around these?

2.

2. Beams

Beams

Where are they? What are they made of? Where are they? What are they made of? How do we shield around these?

How do we shield around these?

3.

3. Communication or Electrical Services

Communication or Electrical Services

Could require costly interruption and rerouting Could require costly interruption and rerouting Shielding around an existing service

Shielding around an existing service

4.

4. Special (HIDDEN) Occupancies

Special (HIDDEN) Occupancies

Service Tunnels Service Tunnels Crawl Spaces Crawl Spaces

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TREATMENT ROOM

UNIQUE

CONDITIONS

TREATMENT ROOM

UNIQUE

CONDITIONS

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STRUCTURAL OBSTRUCTIONS

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TREATMENT ROOM

UNIQUE

CONDITIONS

TREATMENT ROOM

UNIQUE

CONDITIONS

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ACCESS TO THE WORK AREA

1.

1. Where is the Proposed Treatment Room?

Where is the Proposed Treatment Room?

All New construction with Full Access All New construction with Full Access

Attached to the outside of an existing building Attached to the outside of an existing building Trapped in a courtyard

Trapped in a courtyard Up on a Second Story Up on a Second Story

2.

2. Material Delivery

Material Delivery

PIP

PIP –– Trucks, Conveyors, cranesTrucks, Conveyors, cranes Modular

Modular –– Pallets, Forklifts, Pallet JacksPallets, Forklifts, Pallet Jacks

3.

3. Storage

Storage

Fresh (Wet) Concrete can not be stored Fresh (Wet) Concrete can not be stored Pre

Pre--Cast modular Shield Block can be storedCast modular Shield Block can be stored Weather Conditions

Weather Conditions –– working in the COLD and WETworking in the COLD and WET

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TREATMENT ROOM

UNIQUE

CONDITIONS

TREATMENT ROOM

UNIQUE

CONDITIONS

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ACCESS TO THE WORK AREA

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TREATMENT ROOM

UNIQUE

CONDITIONS

TREATMENT ROOM

UNIQUE

CONDITIONS

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1.

1. Radiation Therapy

Radiation Therapy

Radiation Shielding

We are treating patients with radiation therapy . . .

and we are protecting people with shielding . . .

2.

2. The Sources Radiation & Equipment

The Sources Radiation & Equipment

Internal Radiation Therapy

(Brachytherapy, LDR, HDR, Perm Implant)

External Beam Radiation Therapy

Linear (Cobalt, Gamma Knife)

Linear Accelerators (linacs)

(Varian, Elekta, Siemens, TomoTherapy, Accuray CyberKnife, Novalis, etc.)

Circular Accelerators & Particle Therapy

(Proton, Carbon, Cyclotron, Synchrotron)

SHIELDING RADIATION

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1.

1. How Much Radiation Shielding? . . . the TVL

How Much Radiation Shielding? . . . the TVL

The required amount of Radiation Shielding is a direct result of your

calculations for TVL of attenuation based on:

Source Energy and Quality

(primary, leakage, scatter)

Patient Workload

Distance from Isocenter to the Adjacent Areas

(point of survey)

Occupancy (Time) of Adjacent Areas

(control, office, parking, etc.)

Permissible Exposure Levels

(NCRP, state and local requirements)

2.

2. Selection of Radiation Shielding Material

Selection of Radiation Shielding Material

Best match to Satisfy the TVL requirement

(space, cost, availability)

Photons and/or Neutrons

Future plans

(upgrades, removability)

SHIELDING PARAMETERS

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SHIELDING MATERIAL

OPTIONS

SHIELDING MATERIAL

OPTIONS

DENSITY MATTERS

AIR 0 CO N CR ETE DenseCR ETE™ ShieldB LO CK™ STEEL LEAD 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 pcf g/cm ³ 0 1.6 2.35 3.2 4.0 4.8 5.0 6.4 8.0 9.6 11.2 12.8 EAR TH W ATER 62 1.0 325 ©

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RADIATION SHIELDING

DENSITY MATTERS

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SHIELDING THICKNESS FOR 6TVL

ATTENUATION

SHIELDING THICKNESS FOR

6TVL

ATTENUATION

MACHINE ENERGY

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SHIELDING THICKNESS FOR 6TVL

ATTENUATION

SHIELDING THICKNESS FOR

6TVL

ATTENUATION

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SHIELDING THICKNESS FOR 6TVL

ATTENUATION

SHIELDING THICKNESS FOR

6TVL

ATTENUATION

3

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RADIATION SHIELDING

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RADIATION SHIELDING

MATERIAL SELECTION : BEFORE THE

TVL

Required Shielding Attenuation

[W & d = TVL]

Each Material has its own TVL

Twice the density means half the thickness

Cost of Shielding Materials

(Installed)

isocenter

$

$$

$$$

$$$$

$$$$$$

Lead & Borated Polyethylene Lead & Concrete

DenseCRETE™ & ShieldBLOCK™

Concrete

Earth Backfill

SHIELDING OPTIO NS

RADIATIO N SO U RCE

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SHIELDING DESIGN

WORKSHEETS

SHIELDING DESIGN

WORKSHEETS

Material Data

Densities

Tenth Value Layers

Design Sketches

Parameters

Distances

Worksheets

Summary of Data

TVL Requirements

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SHIELDING DESIGN

KNOW YOUR

TVLS

Shielding Material Data

Attenuation TVL

Material Options

Barrier Thickness

Custom Systems

Combination

Special Density

Shielding Design

Sketch

Shielding Worksheets

isocenter $ $$ $$$ $$$$

$$$$$$ Lead & Borated Polyethylene Lead & Concrete

DenseCRETE™& ShieldBLOCK™

Concrete Earth Backfill

SHIELDINGOPTIONS

RADIATIONSOURCE

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DESIGN

Shielding Material Data

Shielding Design Sketch

Specific Points

Use & Occupancy

Distance

Obliquity

Effective Thickness

Unusual Conditions

Shielding Worksheets

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DESIGN

Shielding Material Data

Shielding Design Sketch

Specific Points

Use & Occupancy

Distance

Unusual Conditions

Beams & Columns

Penetrations

Effective Thickness

Shielding Worksheets

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DESIGN

ATTENUATION

(TVLS)

Shielding Material Data

Shielding Design Sketch

Shielding Worksheets

Location

Description

Beam Quality

Parameters

W + U + T +

+P +

d

TVL

TVL’

’

s REQUIRED

Photon

Neutron

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RADIATION SHIELDING

MATERIAL SELECTION : AFTER THE

TVL

Attenuation

Thickness can be determined

IMPACT can be reviewed with the Architect

Single material vs combination of materials

Method of installation can be reviewed

(PIP vs Modular)

isocenter

$

$$

$$$

$$$$

$$$$$$

Lead & Borated Polyethylene Lead & Concrete

DenseCRETE™ & ShieldBLOCK™

Concrete

Earth Backfill

SHIELDING OPTIO NS

RADIATIO N SO U RCE

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RADIATION SHIELDING

OTHER CONSIDERATIONS

The Total Cost of the Shielding includes:

Foundations, Installation, Finishes, Service Contracts

System of Installation

Modular vs. PIP

(pumped, conveyed or craned)

Manufacture

(On

-

site vs. Pre Fabricated)

Delivery & Storage

Accelerated Depreciation Savings

(possible)

The Value of the Space

(Savings)

$300

-

$500/sq ft

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MISTAKES CAN HAPPEN …

BUT THEY NEED NOT HAPPEN TO

YOU!

• UNDERSTAND THE PROCESS

• KNOW YOUR OPTIONS

• UNDERSTAND THEIR IMPACT

• DESIGN THE BEST RADIATION

SHIELDING SOLUTION FOR YOUR

CLIENT …NOW AND INTO THE

FUTURE.

MISTAKES CAN HAPPEN …

BUT THEY NEED NOT HAPPEN TO

YOU!

• UNDERSTAND THE

PROCESS

• KNOW YOUR

OPTIONS

• UNDERSTAND THEIR

IMPACT

• DESIGN

THE BEST RADIATION

SHIELDING SOLUTION FOR YOUR

CLIENT …NOW AND INTO THE

FUTURE.

RADIATION SHIELDING DESIGN

2010

RADIATION SHIELDING DESIGN

2010

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QUESTIONS?

RADIATION SHIELDING DESIGN

2010

RADIATION SHIELDING DESIGN

2010

©