Temple town of
Kumbakonam
The great Kumbha festival also known as Mahamagham happens once in 12 years here at Kumbakonam.
100 temples in and around the city. Nerve centre of all the commercial activities like Silk, Bronze sculpture, Brass utensils in Tanjore district.
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Temple town of
Temples in Kumbakonam: How to reach 127 Going around 131 Where to stay 133 What to eat 136 Important Numbers 137 Tamil Phrase 139 Overview 3 Mythology 7 History 9 Temples 15 Bronze 19 Silk 23 Kumbeshwara 25 Mahamaham Tank Kasi Vishwanatha 45 Sarangapani and Someshwara 59 Nageshwara 75 Ramaswamy 89 Airewateshwara 101 Temple Town of Kumbakonam Travelling Helpline Glimpses of Kumbakonam A photoessay. Kudanthai Makkal A photoessay of the pulse of Kumbakonam
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Kumbesh w ar a Temple In tr oduc tion 25 3 M ahamaham Tank 45 Sar angapani Temple 59 Nagesh w ar a Temple 75 Ramasw am y Temple 89 A ira va tesh w ar a Temple 101 127 Tr av elling HelplineTemple town of
Mahamaham Festival:
This Festival occurs when the sun is in the Zodiacal sign of Aquarius(Kumbha), Jupiter transists Leo(Simha) and the Moon is in conjunction with the constellation Maham. Generally all the these astronomical combination takes place on a full moon day of the Tamil Month of Masi(Solar Kumbha Month) i.e. either in the latter half of February or in the first week of March. The festival comes off once in 12 years. The festival was celebrated in 2004 and next will happen in 2016.
2016 is the next when
Kumbakonam has more than 100 temples in and around the city. They range from 5th century to 15th century B.C. The most prominent temples are built by the Cholas and Nayakas.
Its all about Temples in Kumbakonam…
Swamimalai, a small village near Kumbakonam is famous for its Bronze Sculptures. It is still made by the traditional Lost Wax
Method. The Sculptures are world famous. These are pieces of excellent craftsmanship and skill.
Life like Bronze Sculptures to see…
Silk sarees from Kumbakonam is another important trade for them. They have a huge market for Silk Sarees everywhere. Main base of Silk Saree production is in the town near Kumbakonam called Thanjavur.
Spend on exclusive
All the South Indian, Brass pooja articles and utensils are manufactured in Kumbakonam. These articles are manufactured nowhere in South India other than Kumbakonam. KuthuVilakku and Statues are famous articles. Stainless Steel utensils are also manufactured.
Entire Tamil Nadu uses Brass utensils made in Kumbakonam…
Number of festivals are celebrated here in the same old traditional method. Processions are the most interesting part of the festivals, where the Gods and Goddesses are taken for ride in the town. Take the Dieties for a ride…
The town even today is a true example of age old tradition and culture of South Indians. People here follow the customs and traditions which were followed hundreds of years ago.
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Located in the southern region of India in Tamil Nadu, at 10.97 N, 79.38E.
273 km South of Chennai 96 km East of Tiruchirappalli. 40 km North east of Thanjavur. 313 km East of Coimbatore 385 km South west of Bangalore 18 km Navagraha Sthalas 25 km Thirumanancheri
Location:
Kumbakonam is a town in Thanjavur District of Tamil Nadu. Kumbakonam is located 273 km south of Chennai, 90 km east of Tiruchirappalli, and about 40 km north-east of Thanjavur. The town is bounded by two rivers, the Kaveri River on the north and Arasalar river on the south.
There is a gentle slope from north of the town to south.
Names for Kumbakonam:
Coombaconum Thirukundanthai Kudanmooku Kudanthai Baskarashetram Quick facts:
State: Tamil Nadu District: Thanjavur Coordinates: 10° 58’ N, 79°23’E Main Highway: NH 45 C Altitude: 24m Pin code: 612001 STD code: 0435 India Tamil Nadu Trichy Madurai Salem Bangalore Chennai Thanjavur Kumbakonam
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Temple Town of
KumbaKonam
Kumbakonam, known as the Kashi on Cauvery, is a picturesque
temple town located in the Cauvery river basin. It occupies
a unique position in Hindu Myth and legend, because of the invaluable inscription, iconography and religious architecture. The city of kumbakonam is a traditionally rich city, where the modern globalization has not yet affected the culture of the people. People here are still in touch to the traditions their ancestors followed many thousands of years ago. Located in the Southern region of Tamil Nadu, one can reach Kumbakonam easily from Thanjavur, Tiruchirapalli or Chennai.
Highlights:
The great Kumbha festival known as
Mahamagham happens once in 12 years here at Kumbakonam. 100 temples in and around the city.
Nerve centre of all the commercial activities like Silk, Bronze sculpture, Brass utensils in Tanjore district.
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The town occupies a unique position in the Hindu Myth and legend, because of the invaluable inscription, iconography and religious architecture. This is the place where Lord Shiva broke the pot of creation preserved by Brahma. Thus
it has a very important place in Hindu mythology. Also it is the centre for the Navgraha temples pilgrim.
During the time of british rule, it became the prominent centre of European education and Hindu culture; and thus was commonly referred to as the Cambridge of South India. The city celebrates the great Mahamaham festival, once in 12 years which is an equivalent to the Kumbha festival of north.
It attracts large number of crowd and is a very important festival for people in South India.
Kumbakonam is known for its temple architecture and epigraphy. The city
originated as a religious city, with areas like Kumbeshwara Temple and Mahamaham Tank in the core of the city. Kumbakonam was also the capital of the historically important Chola dynasty who ruled the region during the medieval period.
They built many important temples in and around the city. Kumbakonam is known for its temple architecture and epigraphy. The city originated as a religious city, with areas like Kumbeshwara and Mahamaham Tank in the core of the city.
Kumbeshwara Gopuram and Nageshwara Chariot, two examples of temple architecture in Kumbakonam
Lord Shiva aiming at the pot of creation preserved by Brahma
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It has been an established economic centre for trade and commerce and arts and crafts. Bronze tradition is one of the oldest living tradition here. Lost wax technique is still used to
create master pieces which is a unique piece of beautiful art and heritage.
Silk is another important trade of the people in Kumbakonam.
They are very famous in whole of South India and are called Thanjavur silk sarees. Brassware, specially puja utensils, lamps etc. are all produced here, and Kumbakonam supplies it to the entire South Indian region.
Kumbakonam is also the birthplace of the great mathematician Srinivas Ramanuja.
His house is now converted into a museum. Raja Veda Pathshala in Kumbakonam is 400 yrs old in which 1000s of scholar get their knowledge based on Sanskrit.
Today Kumbakonam is a special grade municipality of the Thanjavur district. The temples in the town are all living except for few. Many are under the heritage foundation and are being conserved, whereas many are maintained by the locals. These temples are the soul of the city and because there are so many the city is called the temple town.
Srinivas Ramanuja the great Mathematician.
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The Sthala Puranam:
(Making of the city)Kumbakonam is associated with the cosmogonic myth of Shiva as “ Adikumbeshwara” or “Lord of the Pot”. As per the myth, “ the creator (Brahma) seeks to preserve the most precious things from destruction, which completes a cosmic cycle. So, he places the Hindu scriptures and the seed of creation in a golden pot, which floats south on the cosmic flood, till it is shattered by Shiva’s arrow who is disguised as a hunter. There by, releasing the embryonic amrita (nectar), which flows and congests to form Kumbakonam’s tanks and temples, marking the start of a new creation.
The Banapurishvara temple, for example, marks the spot where Shiva launched his arrow, while the place where the pot was ruptured is celebrated today as Adikumbeshwara Temple. The two holy tanks of Kumbakonam, Mahamaham tank and Pottamarai tank, are considered the most sacred and beautiful, as the tie up with the legend – “ they are the pools of nectar that fell from Shiva’s pot of creation.”
Brahma, anticipating the deluge prays to Lord Shiva to save the creation from destruction, and then as instructed by Lord Shiva worshipped the Kumba containing Amuda and seeds of creation.
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History:
Kumbakonam dates back to the Sangam period and was ruled by the Early Cholas, Pallavas, Medieval Cholas, Later Cholas, Pandyas, the Vijayanagar Empire, Madurai Nayaks, Thanjavur Nayaks and the Thanjavur Marathas.
It rose to be a prominent city between the 7th and 9th centuries AD, when it served as a capital of the Medieval Cholas
From 7th century to 13th century, Chola kings developed a characteristically Tamil aggregative urbanism and were the first to recognize the Cauvery river delta as an ideal place to settle, as it was rich in alluvial soil, which was best suited for agriculture. They set up their capital at Uraiyur in Tiruchirapalli. Kumbakonam was the second capital of Cholas, who ruled since 3rd century.
Sangam Period:
300 B.C - 300 A.D
The Sangam period is the earliest historical period in the history of Tamil Nadu, spanning about the 3rd century BC to the 3rd century AD. It is named for the Tamil Sangams or “assemblies”. Approximately during this period Tamilakam was ruled by the three Tamil dynasties of Chola, Pandya and Chera, and a few independent chieftains, the Velir.
In Old Tamil, the term Tamilakam referred to the whole of the “Ancient Tamil country,” as distinct from the many kingdoms that existed within its boundaries, corresponding roughly to the area known as South India today, including the territories of the present-day Indian states of Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Laccadives, parts of Andhra Pradesh and some parts of Karnataka, as well as the Maldives. South India was known as Damirica, Dramira or Lymirikē to Greco-Roman geographers.
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The Pallava dynasty was a Tamil dynasty of South India which ruled the northern Tamil Nadu region and the southern Andhra Pradesh region with their capital at Kanchipuram. Pallavas are most noted for their patronage of architecture, still seen today in Mahabalipuram. The Pallavas, who left behind magnificent sculptures and temples, established the foundations of medieval south Indian architecture.
Pallava and Pandya Period:
300 A.D - 500 A.D
Kumbakonam was the religious centre organised around its several temples, while Palaiyari, a few kilometers to the south west, was the imperial centre, with its palaces, royal and sepulchral temples, as well as administrative and military establishments. It was developed as a religious centre organized around several temples. Most of the old Shiva temples, mandapa and padithore belong to this period.
Shore Temple at Mahabalipuram, built by the Pallavas.
In tr oduc tion Chola Period: 900 A.D - 1200 A.D
The Chola dynasty was a Tamil dynasty which was one of the longest-ruling in some parts of southern India. The heartland of the Cholas was the fertile valley of the Kaveri River, but they ruled a significantly larger area at the height of their power from the later half of the 9th century till the beginning of the 13th century.
Their patronage of Tamil literature and their zeal in building temples have resulted in some great works of Tamil literature and architecture. The Chola kings were avid builders and envisioned the temples in their kingdoms not only as places of worship but also as centres of economic activity. 3 big temples made by Cholas Gangaikonda, Brihadeshwara and Airaveteshwara Thanjavur and World Heritage Sites.
It can be easily discerned that Kumbakonam’s primary underpinnings as “city” refer back to its Chola foundations more than a thousand years ago. The fifteenth to seventeenth century Vijaynagara-Nayaka reappropriation, together with the eighteenth century Maratha intervention, was a spatial embodiment of subtle negotiation between historical and cosmic time, as well as the sacred, the royal, and the laity. Over and above this, the nature of Kumbakonam’s fluvial myths and their primacy as transferred down to present day elevate the city to pan-Hindu tirtha, pilgrimage site, ne which is as primordial as the Cauvery itself.
Gangaikonda Cholapuram built by the Cholas.
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Vijaynagar and Nayak Period:
1400 A.D- 1800 A.D
The Vijayanagara Empire was a South Indian empire based in the Deccan Plateau. Established in 1336 by Harihara I and his brother Bukka Raya I. The empire’s legacy includes many monuments spread over South India, the best known being the group at Hampi. The empire’s patronage enabled fine arts and literature to reach new heights in the languages of Kannada, Telugu, Tamil and Sanskrit, while Carnatic music evolved into its current form.
Temples in Hampi built by Vijayanagara rulers
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The Pandyas of Madurai came into power in 13th century. Hoysalas ruled from 14th century onwards, who were overpowered by the Vijayanagara kings, who appointed Nayaka to rule the region. The Nayakas made addition to the existing Shiva temples and made new Vaishnava temples. Art, architecture, craft, literature, music and dance were patronized by Chola, Nayaka and Maratha rulers in the region. Through its complex evolution, Kumbakonam has earned itself the exalted reputation of a panch krosha, or five -fold ritual landscape.
Pandya revival and Muslim rule:
1200 A.D -1400 a.d
Meenakshi Sundareswarar Temple a historic Hindu temple located in the holy city of Madurai, was build by Pandya king Malayadwaja Pandya.
The dynasty revived under Kadungon in the early 6th century, pushed the Kalabhras out of the Tamil country and ruled from Madurai. They again went into decline with the rise of the Cholas in the 9th century and were in constant conflict with them. The Pandyas allied themselves with the Sinhalese and the Cheras in harassing the Chola empire until they found an opportunity for reviving their fortunes during the late 13th century.
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British Rule Independence and Democracy:
1800 A.D - Present
Kumbakonam was eventually ceded to the British East India Company in 1799 by the Thanjavur Maratha ruler Serfoji II and reached the zenith of its prosperity in the late 19th and early 20th century when it emerged as an important centre of Brahminism, Hindu religion and European education in the Madras Presidency. The opening of the Suez Canal in 1869 fostered trade contacts with the United Kingdom. In 1877, railway lines were completed linking Kumbakonam with the ports of Madras, Tuticorin and Nagapattinam. The Tanjore district court was established in Kumbakonam in 1806 and functioned from 1806 to 1863.
The Kumbakonam municipality was officially constituted in the year 1866. Initially, the municipality exercised its jurisdiction over an area of 7.68 km and its affairs were administered by a town-level committee or municipal committee. Later it was constituted special-grade municipality and currently, exercises its authority over an area of 12.58 km out of the town's total area of 64.02 km. It comprises 45 wards and is the second biggest municipality in Thanjavur district.
Town of Kumbakonam continued to grow even after India’s independence though it fell behind the nearby town of Thanjavur in terms of population and administrative importance. The population growth rate began to fall sharply after 1981. This decline has been attributed to limited land area and lack of industrial potential.
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Temples in Kumbakonam:
The town is known for its architecture and epigraphy. Temple dotted towns evolved due to the rise of Brahmadeyas which led to mobilization of resources. Kumbakonam is a temple – oriented city with many temples, mostly very ancient. Kumbakonam is a city where temples are sprinkled all over the city. The city originated as a religious city, with areas like Kumbeshwara Temple and Mahamakam tank in the core of the city. Kumbakonam has temples dedicated to all three deities – Shiva (twelve shrines), Vishnu (four shrines), Brahma (one shrine). The Shiva temples belonging to the Chola period, are more ancient than the Vaishnavite temples, which belong to the
Nayaka period. The main Shaiva temples
are Kashivishvanatha on the northern bank of Mahamaham tank, the Somanathadeva temple in the middle of Kumbakonam, and the Somalingeshvara temple in the north east quarter of Kumbakonam. The core of Chola Vaishnava establishment was the Sarangapani temple which enshrined the reclining form of Vishnu as Narayana. Airavateshvara or Darasuram, located in the northern quater of Palaiyarai, about 5km southwest of Kumbakonam, is one of the finest examples of the Chola religious architecture in the region.
Temples in Kumbakonam: Other minor Temples Adikampatta Vinayagar Uchchipilliar Koil Karumbayiran Vinayagar Temple Banapuriswarar Varaha perumal Koil Kalathisvarar Koil Peria Madam
Kanchi Kamakoti Mutt
Temples on the outskirts Darasuram Pattisvaram Pazhayarai Thiru Nagesvaram Oppiliappan Thirubuvanam Thiruvidaimarudur Swamimalai Thiruvalanchuli Thirupurambiam Saivite Temple Kumbeswara Temple Nageswara Temple Someswara Temple Kalika Parameswari Temple Vaishanavite Temple Sarangapani Temple Chakrapani Temple Ramaswamy Temple Holy Tanks Mahamaham Tank Potramarai Tank
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In 16th and 17th century, the Kumbakonam religious topography changed due to the shift in royal patronage from Shaiva to Vaishnava. So the Chola temples declined, the Adikumbeshvara gained preference over Nageshvara temple. The Ramaswamy and Chakrapani along with the old Sarangapani gained popularity.
Standing near the northern terminus of the bazaar street, the Chakrapani temple is the sole religious monument at Kumbakonam to be elevated on a series of terraces. The temple is dedicated to Vishnu as a bearer of the chakra, hence the name.
By far the most artistic monument of the era is the Sarangapani temple backing onto the Pottremarai tank. The grandiose monument is entered through a twelve- storeyed Vijaynagara-period gopura, the highest in Kumbakonam. As in the Adikumbeshvara, sculptural imagery and temple architecture invest the surrounding urban space with mythologcal significance; in this case, incorporating Kumbakonam in a much wider ritual network of Vaishnava pilgrimage centres, alongside Srirangam
and Tirupati.
The city has one of the finest temples from the history and tells the story of our history in the most picturesque manner. Temples in the city are mostly living temples, with great cultural and traditional values.
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Nataraja:
The Bharata-Natyasastra mentions 108 different kinds of dance poses. Siva, the Mahayogi, is also Nataraja, the Lord of Dancers. Dancing is an act of creation. Siva as the cosmic dancer is the embodiment and manifestation of eternal energy is its five activities: Creation, Maintenance, Destruction, Concealment, and Favour.
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Bronze Casting Culture:
Kumbakonam is also famous for its sculptures and bronzes. The great tradition of South Indian sculptures that had been flourished during Andhra and Pallava art reached its zenith through Chola bronze. Ten and twelfth centuries saw the tradition in its best form. Sculptures from this phase are distinguished by their vitality and plastic sensibility from the over ornateness and rigidity of the cult images.
Lost Wax Method:
The technique used to create south Indian bronze sculpture is called lost wax process As described in Shilpasastras this process is called madhuchchhishtavidhana. A narration of it is described in a chapter of Manasara and also in Vishnusamhita. But a clearer picture can be seen in Manaollasa. A model of the image is first made in wax and then coated with layers of clay to create a mould, which is heated to allow the melting wax to flow out through a hole at the base. A molten alloy of five metals (Pancha Loha) is poured into the hollow. When it cools the mould is broken and image is finished and polished. Finally the image’s eyes are sealed with a mixture of Honey and Ghee, and then ritually “opened” by a priest, using a golden needle. Hence each bronze icon is unique and the mould cannot be used to create copies.
Parvati, consort of Lord Shiva was favourite with the sculptors. One can see her alone or the Lord.
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The metal sculptures are called chalabera or the moving images in contrast to the sthirabera or the fixed deities. They are meant to be carried out in procession around the ambulatory of the temple as well as they are taken into the village, into every street by turn, stopped at every door to bless every individual devotee.
Even today, traditional artisans, known as Sthapathis, create these images according to a fixed set of rules and guidelines laid down in the Shilpa Shastra, an ancient treatise on art. The main centre for bronze casting in Tamil Nadu is Swamimalai.
Amongst the notable examples of Chola bronze are Shiva as Nataraja,Ardhanariswara, Kalyansundara murti,figures of Kodanda Rama, of Parvati or Gowri,of the dancing Krishna and Ganesha and the portrail series of the mystics and saints of South India. The system of measurement used is the Talamana system which is based on the dimensions of the face from forehead to chin.
In south India five metals were used, panchaloha as the admixture was called, composed of brass, copper, silver, gold and tin. For contemporary bronzes; copper, brass and lead are the three main ingredients. Copper contains small amounts of gold and silver so technically today’s bronzes are four metal bronzes. Copper is a necessary element in bronze because copper offers more malleability than other metals. According to early Chola inscriptions there are two types of images: solid and hollow cast.
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Silk Sarees in Kumbakonam:
Tribhuvanam, situated in the Tanjavur district was founded by the last Cholas, King Kulothunga III. It has been a silk weaving town for several centuries and many of the weavers originally hailed from Saurashtra in Gujarat.
What sets Tribhuvanam sarees apart is the fact that they are made from “ lature silk. Their quality and sheen are legendary. Decorated with extensive Zari work, the sarees come with single sided borders. Zari is gold coated pure silver thread and Zari buttas which decorate the body. Skilled weavers meld the border and body of the saree into seamless flow. Kumbakonam.
The Tribhuvanam silk saree are made by the highly skilled weavers having floral, geometric and animal motifs on them. The designs on the complete body of the saree are woven with gold thread and the saree have dissimilar motifs on its arraying from “ gures to temples along the border. Not only in Tamil Nadu and India, the rich silk fabric, the detailed weaving and the contrasting border made the sarees renowned across the earth.
Chakrapani Temple Airawateshwara Temple
Temples in Kumbakonam
Ramaswamy Temple Nageshwara Temple Kumbeshwara TempleNageshwara Temple Mahamaham Tank Sarangapani Temple Railway Station Banapureeswarar Temple
It is the most prominent feature of the temple which is 9 storied and 128’ high. It has number of mythology stories sculpted on it. Every layer has number of stories, related to Creation of the town, stories of Shiva, and Vishnu Avtaar
Kumbesh w ar a Temple Kumbeshwara Temple Quick facts:
Location: In the Centre of the town, in Big Bazaar.
Deity: Shri Adhi Kumbeswara and the lord’s Consort Manthrapeeteswari Mangalambika
Holy Water: Mangala Theertham
Holy Tree: Vanni Maram
What Clan: Biggest Saivite temple in town.
Who Build: Built by the Cholas. It is assumed that present temple is a renovated one during 16th century by the Chieftain of Achutha Nayakar of Thanjavur Govinda Theeksithan
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In the temple town of Kumbakonam the most important temple to visit is the Adi Kumbeshwara. It is the biggest Saivite temple in the town. This temple was built in the Chola period of the Tamil history. It is assumed that present temple is a renovated one during 16th century by the Chieftain of Achutha Nayakar of Thanjavur Govinda Theeksithan.
Highlights:
This temple is the namesake of the town. Distinct with its Gopuram (45 m high) Spread in an area of 4 acres, the real spread
cannot be felt because of the covered market all around.
KUMBESHWARA TEMPLE
This is a huge temple complex. The temple is situated in the centre of the city, in Big Bazaar. The most prominent feature of the temple is its large Gopuram which is 128’ high. The main diety in the temple is Lord AdiKumbeshwara, and Goddess Mangalambika. The temple covers an area of 30181 sq. ft. with a lenght and breadth of 750 ft. and 252 ft. respectively. Number of festivals are celebrated in this temple all the year around and some annual festivals are grand processions. A very interesting section of the temple is the market in the temple, which is a must visit for all.
Kumbesh w ar a Temple
History:
The place where the pot was ruptured is celebrated today as Adikumbeshwara Temple. When Shiva sent an arrow at the pot, the pot’s mouth fell in a place and this came to be called as ‘Kudavayil’. The part of the remaining pot, other than its mouth is called ‘Konam’. It stayed at one place, Siva made a lingam with the nectar from the pot and the earth. The place where a Lingam was made from the contents came to be called Kumbesar.
The place where the Konam
remained, Shiva made a lingam with the nectar of the pot. This place came to be called Kumbesar. Kumbeshwara Temple Vanni Maram Administration Office Motai Gopuram Outer Prakara Inner Prakara
Maha Mandapa W es te rn go pu ra m Sw am i M an da pa M ai n S an ct um Ki tc he n
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Layout of the Temple:
The temple covers an area of 30181 sq.ft. with a lenght and breadth of 750 ft. and 252 ft. respectively. There are three circumambulatory paths in this temple. Adjacent to the outer wall is the Car Street along which the divine procession has its usual route during festivities.
The distance from rajagopuram to Mulavar Shrine is about is about 650’. The temple is laid on east west axis. Thus the axis has the main Gopuram, entry with another smaller gopuram after the long corridor, Flagstaff, Navratri Mandapa with the Nandi .Then comes Mahamandapa and Sabha Mandapa followed by Swami Mandapa. Finally one enters the Garbagriha which has Sri Adi Kumbeshwarar seated.
This temple is famous in all the three aspects of Murti, Stala and Tirtha [Deity-place-holy water]:
The Murti is svayambhulinga. The Stala is place where the pot was aimed by The Lord. And the Tirtha,water body is made from nectar of the pot. Thus this temple becomes very important pilgrimage for everybody.
Market Ba za ar S tr ee t Garden Vanni Maram Shed Mangala Theertham Administration Office Motai Gopuram Rajagopuram
Kumbesh w ar a Temple Rajagopuram:
The Raja Gopuram at the east rises to the lofty height of 128’ with nine terraces, Every layer has number of stories, related to Creation of the town, stories of Shiva, and Vishnu Avtaar .
Kumbesh w ar a Temple
Entrance:
It has four big towers, Rajagopuram, Kailasa Gopuram, katta Gopuram and Mulavar Gopuram. In the northern and western sides there are small Gopurams and the Mottai Gopuram at the South. The Eastern Gopuram has a long stretch of market complex which ends in the Big Bazaar. The entire corridor from Rajagopuram to the temple is colourfully painted with different floral motifs.
Mottai Gopuram:
The Southern Entrance to the complex is called the Mottai Gopuram. This one doesn’t have any tower, and is more oftenly used being on the main highway.
Kumbesh w ar a Temple Names of Parameshwara:
Sri Adi Kumbheswara:
The most ancient, supremely original, materialized from the Kumbha and the instrumental cause of the universe, the deity is known as Adi Kumbeshwara.
Sri Amudesar:
As he originated from the sweet nectar.
Sri Kirathamurty:
As He feigned as a hunter, hit the pot of nectar with an arrow.
Names of Goddess:
Sri Mangala Nayaki:
Conferring all auspiousness to these who worship her with all their hearts, the deity of this kshetra is called Sri Mangala Nayaki.
Sri Manatrapeesteswari:
as the deity shines lustrously at the mantra peeta ,one of the distinguished Sakthi peetas.
The Santum of the Mulavar:
Inside the first circumambulatory path are the three mandapas, Sabha Mandapa, Swami Mandapa and finally the Artha Mandapa.
The centre of attraction at the inner circumambulatory path is the shrine of the Mulavar The Mulavar Sri Parameswara in the self - originated linga form abides in all splendour and grace facing east. He is in the form of a Conical Lingam. Ablutions are performed to him after covering with a golden sheath.
Near the Sanctum is the shrine of the Goddess Sri Mangala Nayaki.
From the Arthamandapa one reaches the Swami Mandapa. At the centre of the mandapa there abides the Nandi followed by the sacrificial altar and behind this is Nandi made of brass, all facing Sanctum sanctorum. Then comes the Sabha Mandapa. Finally you reach the Mahamandapa.
Kumbesh w ar a Temple Rathas:
Rathas were built to take the Gods and Goddesses for processions during festivals. These kind of maps of the rathas are drawn on the temple wall to explain the architecture of these Rathas.
Navaratri Mandapa:
Mandapa is situated inside the second circumambulatory path. Nandi abides facing the Mulavar and behind it there is the sacrificial alter. Southwest to Nandi there abides Vallabha Vinayaka and at the northwest there is Shanmukha with six faces and twelve hands. Northern to Nandi abides Navagraha shrine. Southeast to second circumambulatory path is situated the temple kitchen and at the Northeast the Yagasala. Southern to the Yagasala there abides Lakshmi Narayana Perumal and eastern to this there is the flag mast of the temple.
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Outer Circumambulatory Path:
At the outer circumambulatory path in the southwest, Kumbha muni siddha abides in meditation,upon the Gopura in bas - relief. Vinayaka of this shrine is called Adi Vinayaka,in the northwestern end there is AdiLinga shrine facing east.
The flag staff in the Maha Mandapa, which leads you to the Sabha Mandapa
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To the east of this circumambulatory path at the gateway of Kailasagopura are Mutra Vinayaka to the left and Balan Dandayuthapani to the right.
Kumbesh w ar a Temple Govinda Dikshita:
Govinda Dikshita was the minister
of three successive Nayaks of Thanjavur, who ruled the region of Thanjavur inSouth India between the 16th and 17th centuries CE.
Govinda Dikshita was a scholar, philosopher, statesman and musicologist.
Even the construction of the gigantic Rajagopuram of Sri Adi Kumbeshwara temple and the elaborate renovation of the entire precincts of the temple were attended to by him.
He was also responsible for the erection of a series of stone stepping at the numerous bathing ghats on all sides of the Maha Magham Tank and the construction of sixteen Siva Shrines on all four sides of the tank and the purificatory ceremonies there on. He also constructed the Sri Ramaswami temple in Kumbakonam and is responsible for the beautiful pictorial representation of the story of Sri Rama around the inner walls of the temple. The shrine of Sri Mangalambika in Kumbakonam, the construction of temples at Patteeswaram and Tiruppalathurai were also his contributions.
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Around the Corridor:
Southern to the Rajagopuram is the flower garden west wards to the flower - bower abides the Vannimara Vinayaka shrine facing east. Northwest to the Rajagopuram there is Mangalakupa a well and adjacent to it is the elephant shed and the Tirukkalyanamandapam.
Lord Shiva:
A small shrine can be seen in the center of the holy water tank, Mangala Theertham.
Kumbesh w ar a Temple Managala Theertham:
Most of the temples have some source of water. It can be a tank or a well. Kumbeshwara has a tank called Mangala Theertham. Elephant Shed:
Many temples have elephants in the temple, which are used during the time of procession. Kumbeshwara has one for whom a shed is built.
Kumbesh w ar a Temple Kitchen:
While going around the temple, in the first outer prakara, one can see kitchen of the temple in the corner.
The Holy Tree:
All the temples have a holy tree and here Kumbeshwara has Vanni Maram as the holy tree. One can see it when you come from the Motai Gopuram on the right hand side. Beside the tree is a small Mandapa. Also one can find a small place meant to wash oneself before entering the temple behind this Mandapa.
Kumbesh w ar a Temple Kitchen:
While going around the temple, in the first outer prakara, one can see kitchen of the temple in the corner.
Shiva with Nandi:
One can see few iconography in and around the temple walls. This can be found on the wall of the temple,while going around the first outer prakara of the temple.
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Market:
Beside the Raja Gopuram to the east on either side there are bazaars and the adjourning area is the chariot shed. There are only shops now. From the entrance at the bazar to the Mulavar Shrine is about 980`.
Wooden Doll:
These are very popular in Kumbakonam. These are wooden dolls which are made with some technique where the body parts dance without use of any external energy. One can buy this dancing doll as soveniers.
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Festivals:
Some of the festivals like Pradhosam, Krittigai, Fridays and Thiruvathiral are performed followed by ceremonies. Annual flot festival during the month of Pangunni at the Maha Magham Tank. During the month of Chitirai the Saptastana is carried out when Sri Adi Kumbeshwara along with Sri Mangala Nayaki go about on a majestic ceremonial procession.
During the month of Valkasi Thirukkalyan Utasavaa of Sri Mangalambhigai with Sri Adi Kumbeshwara is celebrated
Every year during the month of Masi the Festival of Masi Magham is celebrated for ten days.
Every twelth year Maha Magham festival is celebrated.
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The temple has some very old silver vehicles of God which are used during processions.
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This is one of the most important attraction of the city. This tank has 16 shrines and 20 wells. The great Mahamaham Festival is celebrated in this tank.
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Quick Facts:
Location: Centre of the city, with four streets on the bank of the Tank. There are 16 gopurams around the sides and corners of the tank
God and Goddess: Every gopuram towers are believed to be the various forms of Lord Shiva.
What clan: Saivite Temple
Who build: The temple is established during the Chola period. The sixteen temples that adorn the banks of this tank was built by Govinda Dikshitar.
Mahamaham Tank
Mahamaham Tank
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If there is a tank held to be more sacred that Ganges, it is only the Mahamagam Tank at Kumbakonam. As Kumbamelas are celebrated in rivers, Mahamagam is celebrated in this tank. The Mahamagam occurs once in 12 years.
Aham means sin. Ma means will not approach. So the term Mahamaham means a place where no sin will approach. It will also mean that (Maha) big sins will be removed.
Mahamaham Tank is believed to be the place where all holy rivers in India Ganges, Yamuna, Sarasvati River, Sarayu, Godavari, Mahanadi, Narmada, Pavoshnl and Kaveri meet together.
Highlights:
Mahamaham Tank is the integral part of the grandeur religious festival Kumbha Mela festival celebrated once in every 12 years in the temple town of Kumbakonam
There are 16 gopurams around the sides and corners of the tank Mahamaham tank has 20 holy wells (theerthams),
which are named after 20 holy rivers in Indian continent.
MAHAMAHAM TANK
Kasi Vishwanatha Temple
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Mythology
According to the purana, when the deluge subsided, the place where the mango leaves kept on the nectar pot fell it became a Vanni tree, the Kusa grass became a Lingam under the tree. The swing in which the pot was held became a Lingam. The coconut went towards the south – east and became a coconut tree. The Bel leaves became a vilva tree. A Lingam sprouted under the Vilva tree too. In the vilva grove a Patala Linga appeared and sacred thread twinted round the pot became a Lingam.
Here, all the nine river goddesses who accumulated the sins of all who bathed in them have to get rid of them and they have been advised to go and bathe in Mahamaham tank and be released of all the sins. That is why we find their temples on the bank.
Mahamaham tank has 20 holy wells (theerthams), which are named after 20 holy rivers in Indian continent.
Theertham :
1. Vayu Theertham 11. Agni Theertham 2. Ganga Theertham 12. Cauvery Theertham 3. Bramma Theertham 13. Yama Theertham 4. Yamuna Theertham 14. Kumari Theertham 5. Kubera Theertham 15. Niruthi Theertham 6. Godavari Theertham 16. Bayoshni Theertham 7. Eshana Theertham 17. Deva Theertham 8. Narmada Theertham 18. Varunai Theertham 9. Saraswathi Theertham 19. Sarayu Theertham 10. Indira Theertham 20. Kanya Theertham
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Layout:
The tank is spread over 20 acres and is not a proper rectangle. The north and south banks are a little curved in the centre and from an aerial view looks like a pot. There are 16 temples all round it, four in the north, three in the south, three in the west, two in the east and one in the corners. All are Lingams. Hence they are called Shodasa (16) Mahalingas.
When a sin committed at some ordinary place it is washed off by a visit to a holy place, sin done in a sacred spot is washed off by going on a pilgrimage to Varanasi(Kasi). If one dares to commit a sin in that sacred city too, that sin is wiped off at Kumbakonam and any sinful act done at Kumbakonam is atoned for there itself.
Gopuram Tower: 1. Brammatheertheshwarar 2. Mukundeshwarar 3. Dhaneshwarar 4. Virushabeshwarar 5. Baaneshwarar 6. Koneshwarar 7. Bhakthikeshwarar 8. Bhairaveshwarar 9. Agasthyeshwarar 10. Vwyaneshwarar 11. Umaibakeshwarar 12. Nairutheeshwarar 13. Brammeshwarar 14. Gangatheshwarar 15. Mukthatheertheshwarar 16. Shethrabaleshwarar Mahamaham Tank Kasi Vishwanatha Temple
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Shrines on its bank:
Abimukesar :
The place where the coconut fell and became a coconut tree is Abimukesam. It stands on the east bank and faces west. It is a highly revered shrine with the prime deity as Lord Abimukeshwar (an aesthetic form of Lord Shiva). The temple also houses Goddess Amudhavally, the consort of Lord Abhimukeswara. The temple structure shows the brilliance of ancient South Indian architectural styles. The idol is attractive with divine features. It is believed that the deity in this temple faces west to allow darshan (view) to the nine river maidens during Mahamagam Festival. Navaratri and Masi Maga are some of the important festivals held here.
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Gowtamesvara:
Standing in the south west corner of the bank. Upavidesar is the deity. Sowndara Nayaki is the goddess.
It got this name as the sacred thread of the Kalasa fell here. Upavida means sacred thread.
Since the god blesses the sage Goutama, he got the name Gowtamesvarar. The temple architecture is in tune with the construction styles of other age old temples in Kumbakonam. The gopurams and the inner sanctums are adorned with beautiful structures and statues.
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Mahamaham festival:
Once in 12 years, with Sun in Simha Rasi, and Jupiter (Guru) dominant the effect of Sun, Jupiter and Moon, changes occur in the body and earth. To prevent any calamity, bathing in holy waters have been prescribed. The festival lasts for nine days.
During this festival, thousands of Hindu devotees come to Kumbakonam, and take bath in a tank named Mahamaham tank. Some of them instead of taking bath in the tank, sprinkle water from the tank on their bodies. It is believed that taking bath or sprinkling water of the tank on the bodies cleanses all the sins. On the occasion of the festival, a metal image of the deities of the main temple of Kumbakonam is carried on palanquis or chariots and taken around the different streets of the town. The next Mahamaham will be celebrated in the year 2016. During the Mahamagam festival, the tank will be emptied and only knee deep water will be kept for safety. The nine springs in the tank provide water to the tank.
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Kasi Visvanatha temple:
A Vinayaka welcomes us at the entrance.
In the north – east part of the circuit, under a Neem tree are some Nagas. Muruga also is here but without his spouses. Kshetra Mahalingam is also present. In the south west corner is a picture of Adisankara.
The next cell belongs to Nataraja. Big in size, his flowing locks attract us. Chadikesa too is present. To fit the name River goddess, a channel has been cut around the sanctum.
A peculiar feature in this temple is that the Dakshinamurthi is bereft of the sages (students) usually seen. Further the Muyalakan under his feet is pressing the throat of the cobra. In the inner corridor are Ganapathi,
Somaskanda etc. Visalakshi the goddess is in the south of the sanctum. The Dvarapalakas are fierce looking and a product of the Cholas. The goddess is small in size. The Lingam has a tall Bana. The Temple is in Naick style. On entering the temple we find bangles and cradles hanging from the roof. They were all presented to the temple in exchange for fulfilment of some desire. In this temple certain festivities like, presenting sarees, bangle presentation, bridegroom reception etc. take place.
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Gopuram of Adi Vishwanatha as seen from the tank.
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Gopuram with nine river goddesses of the Adi Vishwanatha.
Quick Facts
Location: This shrine stands on the north bank of the Tank and faces west. The temple is a small one and there is a tin shed in the front.
God and Goddess: Shiva in form of Visvanatha is the main God.
What clan: Saivite Temple.
Who build: The temple is established during the Chola period. Some part seems to be made in the Naick period.
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We see the nine river goddesses all clothed in nine different coloured dress.
Mythology:
Here Siva entered into the mixture of nectar and earth and became a Linga. The legend for this temple is that, Rama in exile wandered from place to place in search of Sita and finally learnt that she has been abducted by Ravana of Lanka. Now Rama decides to fight Ravana and rescue Sita. A doubt crosses his mind. Suppose he becomes merciful on facing Ravana, how can he kill him. A certain amount of fierce valour is required to fight Ravana and this he beseeches from Siva. Siva was in a dilemma. How to give fierceness to Rama. He embraced Rama and imparted all his prowess to Rama. It was this Visvanada who imparted the valour to Rama.
M ahamaham Tank M ahamaham Tank
All the temples have festivals related to Mahamaham Tank. During the Masi Maham festival all the Gods in various temples are taken out in processions and taken to the Mahamaham tank.
Sarangapani Temple
Sarangapani has the tallest Gopuram which is 150 ft. with 9 tiers. 12 storied pyramidal gopuram, more than 40m high. One of the largest gopurams in South India.
M ahamaham Tank Sar angapani Temple Sarangapani Temple
Golden Lotus Tank Somesvara Temple
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The biggest temple in this city is that of Sarangapani The bows held by Vishnu in different aspects carry different names. Rama’s bow is called Kodandam and hence is called Kothandaraman. There is a bow called Sarangam and the Lord who wields it is called Sarangapani, who is housed here. The temple is a very beautiful one with four circuits. It is in the form of a chariot. A beautiful tank called Hema Pushkarni separates this shrine and the Adi Kumbeshwara.
Highlights:
It is the biggest temple in the city which rises upto 150 ft. with 9 tiers. 12 storied pyramidal gopuram, more than 40m high, one of the largest gopurams in South India.
Conceived of, as a chariot with wheels drawn by horses and elephants.
One of the 108 Divya Desams and Pancharanga Kshetrams. Another peculiarity is that it has been sung by seven Alwars. It is also one of the Pancharanga Kshetrams.
SARANGAPANI TEMPLE
Quick facts:
Location: Located in the centre of the town, on the Sarangapani Sannathi street. It has the Potramarai tank behind. Someshwara is located next to the temple.
God and Goddess: The Moolavar here is Pallikondaur, while the processional deity is Sarangapani with his consort Kamalavalli.
What clan: Vaishnavite Temple
Who build: While the temple structure dates back to the Pallava times and even earlier, the Lords’ shrine which is in the form of a chariot, was built under the later Cholas in the 12th century. This temple too was renovated by Govinda Dikshita.
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Mythology:
Sage Brigu once went to Vaikunda to see Vishnu, but Vishnu was indifferent and did not even look at the sage. The sage got angry and kicked the Lord. The action of devout Bakthas are accepted by the Lord as a worship, but the Devi did not take in that spirit. The sage was born as Hema Rishi in Kumbakonam and performed penance in the banks of this tank for the blessings of the Devi. Devi appeared in the form of a baby in a lotus bloom and the sage took her home and reared her till she was wedded to the Lord.
Main Sanctum
Maha Mandapa
Somesvara Temples
Pottramarai Tank
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Layout:
The temple is a very beautiful one with four circuits. It has a 12 storied pyramidal gopurams, more than 40m high. It has a hundred pillared hallway from the seventeenth century (Nayak Period) as entrance. Passing through smaller gopuram – leads into a second courtyard that contains another columned mandapa. The Vimanam has two gateways, the northern gate, or the Uttarayana vaasal, open on Makara Sankranti. Dakshinayana Vaayil open on Adi Perukka.
Pancharanga Kshetram:
Pancharanga Kshetrams literally means 5 Ranganatha temples (pancha: five; Kshetrams: holy places). These 5 temples are situated on the banks of Kaveri.
The following constitute Pancharanga Kshetrams: Sri Ranganathaswamy Temple (Srirangapatna) Sri Ranganathaswamy Temple (Srirangam) Sarangapani Temple (Kumbakonam)
Sri Appakkudathaan Perumal Temple(Thirupper Nagar) Parimala Ranganathar Temple (Thiruindaloor)
Raja Gopuram
Vasanth Mandapa Mandapa Nootrakul Mandapa Manja Gopuram Maha Mandapa Somesvara Temples Gopuram Raja Gopuram Ratha
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This temple is supposed to have 108 Karanas, forms of dance of Indian classical, Bharathnatyam .
Central Shrine:
Central shrine dates from the late Chola period with many later alterations. (Since the lord came down from his celestial abode to marry Komalavalli, the sanctum is in the form of a chariot with wheels drawn by horses, and the canopy is called Vaidika vimana. The force of the chariot must have been great and elephants are seen arresting the speed.
Its entrance, within the innermost circuit, is guarded by huge dvarpalas, identical to Vishnu. Between the dwarpala are carved perforated stone screens in different designs. In front of them stands a sacred, square fireplace.
Within the sanctum Araamudan is seen in a lying posture with his head slightly raised (to talk to Thirumazisai Alvar), with Bhu and Sri Devi nearby, Brahma rising from his navel, Hema sage, Sapta Rishis, River goddesses and Devas paying homage. One can see him in a standing posture also wielding the Bow Sarangam in his right hand.
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The sanctum of Komalavalli is near the Uttarayana steps. Andal, Perialwas, Rajagopalan with Rukmani and Satyabhama and Kannan are all enshrined here. In a separate sanctum is housed Rama, Sita and Laxmana. Of Srinivasa there are two types. Mettu and Patala Srinivasas. The latter is reached by steps below. During the day, pinpoints of light from ceiling windows penetrate the darkness around the sanctum, designed to resemble a chariot with reliefs of horses, elephants and wheels.
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Inner Prakara of the temple. The elephant is pulling the main shrine in form of a chariot. One can also see the holy theertham.
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Thirumangai Alvar who saw this sanctum was inspired to compose a Ratha banth (chariot – like verse) called Thiru Ezhu Kurririkai. It is exhibited in a painting near the flag staff.
Alwars:
Alvar means one who is "immersed" in the experience of God, the omnipresent mysterious One. Tradition reckons 12 Alvars. They come from all walks of life and all strata of society and include in their ranks one woman.
Between the fifth and ninth century, in the Tamil-speaking region of South India, these saints revitalized the Indian religious milieu, sparking a renewal of devotional worship throughout the subcontinent. Travelling from place to place, from temple to temple, from holy site to holy site, they composed exceedingly beautiful poetry to their Divine Beloved, Vishnu, as an expression of their love for Him. The Alvars composed approximately 4000 Tamil verses.
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The Floating festival takes place in Masi in the Golden Lily tank. The deity stays for some time in the four corner mandapas, in the central pavilion and the ashram of sage Hemarishi during the festivals.
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Potramarai Tank:
Located between Sarangapani and Kumbeswara temple at Kumbakonam on Thanjavur route, approximately 2 k.m from new bus-stand.
When Shiva in the form of Kirathamurthy (Shiva as hunter) aimed the Puranakumbam with the bow and arrow (Banam in Sanskrit language) and broke it, the bowl split and the Amirtham got stagnated in two places at Portramaraikulam(golden Lotus pond) and Mahamaham tank
A Shiva Lingam formed at the place where Kirathamurthy aimed the Amirthakudam. Since the lord used the arrow (Banam) the deity lingam is called Banapureeswarar
A small Mandapa can be seen in the centre of the Tank. This tank is also known as the Golden Lotus Tank.
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Temple Cars or the Rathas:
In Tamil Nadu temple cars are famous. Out of them the most famous are those of Tiruvarur, Tiruvidaimarudar and this temple. The car of this temple is very big and cannot easily be drawn. After 1933, the car festival has not taken place. Only a small car is drawn in Chitrai.
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Eastern entrance to the temple also has a Gopuram, which leads you to the shrine.
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Somesvara Temple:
Somesvara is situated in the southern portion of the Sri Sarangapani temple that means near portmari kulam. The prime deity in this temple is Viyazha Someswara, one of the forms of Lord Shiva. And goddess is Soma Nayagi Amman. The temple is established during the Chola period.
This temple is also known as Pazhaiyarai Vadathali. Shrines for other Gods and Goddesses including Durga are also placed in the temple premise. The Muruga here should be seen without fail. Not only for the Thiruppugazh songs of Arunagiri is he famous but also his sporting a foot- wear in his legs. The northern side has a small tomb and the eastern side has an entrance gate. The temple complex has other deities Arumugam, and Thenar Mozhi Amman
Quick facts:
Location: Somesvara is situated in the southern portion of the Sri Sarangapani temple that means near portmari kulam.
God and Goddess: The prime deity in this temple is Viyazha Someswara, one of the forms of Lord Shiva. And goddess is Soma Nayagi Amman.
What clan: Shaivite Temple
Who build: The temple is established during the Chola period.
Sar angapani Temple Sar angapani Temple
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This God removed the curse of Brihaspati to Moon and hence got their name Someswara. The Moon also erected a tank here after his curse was removed. The tank is called Chandra pushkarani. This is the birthplace of saint Mangayarkarasiyar, one of the famous nayanmars. This also called as Karonam, indicates that Pasupatha cult was dominant here at one time.
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The Nataraja Mandapa in the Temple is concieved like a chariot being pulled by elephants and horses.
Nagesh w ar a Temple Quick facts:
Location: Near the main bus stand.
God and Goddess: The deity belongs to a very ancient period. The Lord of Periyanayaki – Nageshvara is the presiding deity. Periya Nayagi is the goddess.
Holy Tree : Vilva
Holy well: Nagateerthamin the temple premises.
What clan: Saivite Temple
Who build: This temple is believed to have been completed during the reign of Parantaka I (907-c.940)
Temple timing: Open 6.30 am - 12 noon and 4 - 9 pm
Nageshwara Temple
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Nageswara (also spelt as Nageshwara) temple, a Shivastalam is known for its sculptural work, Vimanams and Mandapams. Possibly the oldest in Kumbakonam, the Nageshwara temple is one of the finest early Chola temples, noted for the quality of its sculpture. Though the temple is small but it is known for its marvellous architecture that exceeds many of the other Chola temples. Niches in the outer wall of the sanctum contain large, graceful figures in standing postures-both male and female.
Highlights:
Possibly the oldest in Kumbakonam, the Nageshwara temple is noted for the quality of its sculptural work, vimanas and mandapas. The Nataraja shrine here is shaped in the form of a chariot.
The shrine dedicated to the Sun God is of great sculptural significance.
Nageshwara TeMPLe
Entrance to the temple. There are two Gopurams in the east and the south. This is second entrance in the eastern axis.
Nagesh w ar a Temple Lions:
Lions can be seen in temples built by Chola, Hoysala, Pallavas etc. As lion is considered as sign of strength, so many kingdoms chose this as their emblem.
Mythology:
It is believed that Surya is said to have worshipped Lord Shiva here to regain his lost splendour and hence the temple tank is named after Lord Surya.
It is also known as “Vilvavanam”. It is believed that a Vilva leaf from the pot carrying the celestial nectar (associated with the Kumbheswara temple) had drifted away and landed here. That spot became a Linga. It is also known as Vilvanesar.
The Serpent God Adisesha had worshiped Lord Shiva in this temple. It is believed that Adisesha had undergone penance at this temple. Lord Shiva and Goddess Parvati then blessed Adusesha with enough strength.
Nagesh w ar a Temple Nandi:
All Shiva temples have the Nandi. Here the Nandi doesn’t face the main diety shrine, but sits facing the goddesses shrine instead.
Layout:
The Temple Complex is a smaller one but one of the oldest in Kumbakonam. Main shrine for Lord of Periyanayaki Nagesvara, the presiding diety faces east to facilitate the rays of the sun to fall on the image. There is the flag staff in front of the main shrine. Next to it in form of a chariot is the Nataraja Mandapa. The Nritta Sabha, or the dance hall, has an elevated Mandapam with a flight of steps. One can see a channel like structure dug around the Nandi and in the sanctum to fill it with water.
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There are two main entrances to the temples, Eastern and southern. The main shrine faces east, nataraja mandapa in form of a chariot in north eastern part and the Nritta Sabha in the south eastern part. There is second entrance from south where the gopuram is small and part of the wall. There is a small shrine one can see when entering by the southern gopuram. There is bali pitam and a nandi in the same axis. One can see a small gopuram in the western end of the prahara as well which seems to be not in use anymore.
Eastern Gopuram, which has the main Sanctum in axis. Light directly falls on the diety from east.
Nagesh w ar a Temple
Sanctum:
The sun’s rays fall on the lingam in the central shrine through an opening in the eastern tower for 3 days in a year – 11th, 12th and 13th day in the month of Chithrai (April/May). The temple faces east to facilitate the rays of the sun to fall on the image. The principal shrine to Lord Shiva, standing in a country is connected to a Mandapam (also spelt as Mandapa). A beautiful Ganga Ganapathi guards the entrance.
The main niches on the sanctum wall contain sculptures; on the north, “Dakshinamurti” (“South-Facing” Shiva as teacher). The Dakshinamurthi bereft of the usual banyan tree is immersed in yoga. The sanctum is of special red stone called Chapooran and it imparts a special glow. On the west Ardhanarishvara (male Shiva and female Shakti in one figure) and Brahma on the south. Joining them are high-relief near-life-size sculptures of alawar saints. All around the shrine there are sculptures of various dance forms.
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The Holy Vilva tree found inside the inner prakara.
