Productivity Rates

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Productivity rates of common items of work

Productivity rates of some important items of work are presented here to have an over view of construction trends in the industry.

The capacity of doing work by an artisan & skilled labour in the form of quantity of work per day (working 8 hours ) is given below:

Sr.# Particulars of item Quantity of

work per day

Kind of labour required per day 1. Earth work in excavation in

ordinary soil including disposal upto (30 m) & lift (1.5 m)

3 cubic meter Mazdoor 1 Mason 1/22 2. Earth filling under floors

including compaction in 6” layers

6 cubic meter Mazdoor 1 Bhishti 1/34 3. Disposal of surplus earth within a

lead of 30 m

3 cubic meter Mazdoor 1

4. Excavation in rock 5 cubic meter Mazdoor 1

Mason 1/22 5. Earth work over roofing including

ramming

3 cubic meter Mazdoor 1 Mason 1/22 6. Cement concrete 1:4:8, 1:5:10,

1:6:12 & 1:6:18 in foundation with brick ballast or stone ballast

8 cubic meter Mazdoor 12 Mason 1 Bhishti 1 ¾

7. Plain cement concrete 1:2:4 6 cubic meter Mazdoor 9

Mason 1 Bhishti 1 ½ 8. R.C.C 1:2:4 in slabs, lintels &

column etc. including bending, binding, centering &shuttering

4 cubic meter Mazdoor 16 Mason 1

Black smith 1 ½ Carpenter 1 ½

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Bhishti 2 9. Damp proof course 4 cm thick

1:2:4 concrete with two coats of hot bitumen laid hot

10 sq. meter Mazdoor 2 ½

Mason 1 ½ Bhishti ½

10. Lime concrete in foundation 8 cubic meter Mazdoor 12

Mason 1 Bhishti 1 ¾ 11. Damp proof course 2.5 cm thick,

1:2:4 concrete with two coats of bitumen laid hot

12 sq. meter Mazdoor 2

Mason 1 ½ Bhishti ½ 12. Reinforced brick work laid in

cement mortar 1:2 or 1:3 in slabs & lintels

1 cubic meter Mazdoor 3 Mason 1 Carpenter 1/10 Black smith 1/10 Bhishti 1/5 13. 1ts class brick work in cement

mortar in foundation & plinth 1.5 cubic meter Mazdoor 2Mason 1 Bhishti ¼ 14. 1st_{class brick work in cement}

mortar in super structure 1.3 cubic meter Mazdoor 2Mason 1 Bhishti ¼ 15. Plastering with any mortar

½”thick

Mason 1 Bhishti 3/5

16. Cement pointing or lime pointing 10 sq. meter Mazdoor 1

Mason 1 Bhishti 1/10

17. Cement pointing flush variety 20 sq. meter Mason 1

Mazdoor 1 18. White washing or colour washing

(3 coats)

60 sq. meter White washer 1 Mazdoor 1 19. White washing or colour washing

(2 coats)

80 sq. meter White washer 1 Mazdoor 1 20. White washing or colour washing

(1 coat) 140 sq. meter White washer 1Mazdoor 1

21. Distempering (1 coat) 35 sq. meter Painter 1

Mazdoor ½

22. Distempering (2 coats) 20 sq. meter Painter 1

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23. Painting on new wood work with 3 coats of approved paint

15 sq. meter Painter 1 Mazdoor ½ 24. Painting 2 coats excluding

priming coat on n wood work

20 sq. meter Painter 1 Mazdoor ½ Painter 1 Mazdoor ½ 25. Painting old wood work one coat

only

50 sq. meter 26. Varnishing 2 coats on new wood

work

16 sq. meter Painter 1 Mazdoor ½

27. Cement concrete flooring 4 cm thick concrete 1:2:4

Over 10 cm thick cement concrete 1:6:18 over 10 cm thick sand filling

Mason 1 ½ Bhishti 4/5 28. Brick flooring 10 cm concrete

1:6:18 over 10cm sand filling & cement pointed flush

12 sq. meter Brick layer 1 ½ Mazdoor 2 Bhishti ½ 29. Making frames of doors &

windows (chowkats) 18 cubic meter Carpenter 2Mazdoor 1 * Data from “Civil Estimating & Costing” by S.P.Mahajan

Another set of information on productivity rates obtained from another source is presented as follows:

Sr.# Particulars of items Quantity per day

1. Brick work in lime or cement in foundation & plinth

45 cft per mason

2. --do—in super structure 35 cft per mason

3. Brick work in mud mortar in foundation & plinth 55 cft per mason

4. -- do—in super structure 45 cft per mason

5. Brick work in cement or lime mortar in arches 20 cft per mason

6. --do—in jack arches 20 cft per mason

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8. Coursed rubble stone masonry in lime or cement mortar including dressing

30 cft per mason 9. Random rubble stone masonry in lime or cement

mortar 35 cft per mason

10. Ashlar masonry in lime or cement mortar 15 cft per mason

11. Stone arch work 15 cft per mason

12. Lime concrete in foundation or floor 300 cft per mason

13. Lime concrete in roofing 200 cft per mason

14. Cement concrete 1:2:4 175 cft per mason

15. R.B work 35 cft per mason

16. R.C.C WORK 125 cft per mason

17. ½” Plastering with cement or lime mortar 80 sft per mason

18. Pointing with cement or lime mortar 100 sft per mason

19. White washing or colour washing (3 coats) 700 sft per white washer 20. White washing or colour washing (1 coat) 2000 sft per white washer 21. Painting or varnishing doors or windows (1 coat) 250 sft per painter

22. Coal taring or solignum painting one coat 350 sft per painter

23. Painting large surface 1 coat 350 sft per painter

24. Distempering one coat 350 sft per painter

25. 1” c.c floor 75 sft per painter

26. Flag-stone floor laying with lime or cement excluding L.C.

100 sft per mason 27. Terrazzo floor 6mm thick mosaic work over 2cm

thick cement concrete (1:2:4)

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28. Brick on edge in floor with lime or cement mortar excluding L.C.

70 sft per mason

29. Brick flat floor as in above 80 sft per mason

30. Timber framing sal or teak wood 2.5 cft per carpenter

31. --do--country wood 5 cft per carpenter

32. Door & window shutters paneled or glazed 1.5 sft per carpenter

33. --do-- battened 8 sft per carpenter

34. Sawing hard wood 40 sft per pair of sawyers

35. Sawing soft wood 60 sft per pair of sawyers

36. Earthwork in excavation in ordinary soil 100 cft per beldar mazdoor 37. Earthwork in excavation in hard soil 75 cft per beldar mazdoor

38. Excavation in rock 35 cft per beldar mazdoor

39. Sand filling in plinth 140 cft per beldar mazdoor

40. Number of bricks laid by mason in brickwork upto a height of 10’

600 bricks per mason 41. Amount of work-done by a mazdoor (helper) per

day: • Mix • Deliver brick • Deliver mortar 1) 100 cft mortar per mazdoor 2) 4000 no. to a distance of 50’ per mazdoor 3) 200 cft per mazdoor

Labour (mazdoor) required for different works

a) Earthwork per 1000 cft:

Excavation in foundations, trenches etc. in ordinary soil including disposal up to 100’ & lift of 5’:

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5 beldars & 4 mazdoors can do 1000 cft per day

Refilling excavated earth in foundations, plinth etc. including compaction in 6” layers: 3 beldars, 2 mazdoors & ½ Bhishti can do 1000 cft per day

Disposal of surplus earth within a lead of 100: 1 mazdoor can do 100 cft per day

b) Cement concrete work per 100 cft:

Laying cement concrete:

2 beldars, 3 mazdoors, ¾ Bhishti & ¼ mason can do 100 cft per day c) R.C.C work:

Laying reinforced concrete:

3 beldars, 3 mazdoors, 1 1/3 bhishti & ½ mason can do 100 cft per day Centering & shuttering for flat surfaces:

4 beldars & 4 carpenters can do 90 sft per day Reinforcement work for R.C.C:

1 blacksmith or fixer & 1 beldar can bend & place in position 1 quintal of steel per day d) Stone work per 100 cft:

Random rubble masonry with blue stone in foundations:

3 masons, 3 beldars, 2 mazdoors & ¼ bhishti can do 100 cft per day e) Brickwork per 100 cft:

First class brick work in 1:4 cement mortar in super structure, partition walls, junctions of roof, Parapet walls & string course:

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f) Wood work:

For the frames of doors & windows:

2 carpenters & 1 beldar can work (6.40 cft) of wood equivalent to 4 door frames (3”x4” of 3’11”x 7’) size per day

For paneled, glazed shutters:

15 carpenters & 4 beldars can make & fix 4 shutters (40mm) thick of size (6’9”x3’9”) per day. Quantity of wood per shutter (2.66 cft)

g) Iron work:

Fixing (1 ½”x1/6”x15”) flat iron hold-fasts:

1 blacksmith, 1 mason & 1 beldar can fix 36 holdfasts per day Fixing 5/8” dia M.S rods:

1 blacksmith, 2 carpenters & 3 beldars can fix (54 ft) per day h) Flooring:

1 ½” thick cement concrete flooring of 400 sft require:

5 masons, 4 beldars, 3 mazdoors & 1 bhishti per day for mixing, laying & finishing. i) Finishing:

Plastering with any mortar ½” thick:

3 masons, 3 mazdoors & 1 bhishti can plaster 400 sft per day. White washing or colour washing (3 coats):

1 white washer & 1 mazdoor can do 600 sft per day

Painting 2 coats such as chocolate, red, grey etc. on wood or steel: 3 painters & 2 mazdoors can paint 100 sft per day.

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* Data from “estimating & costing in civil engineering” by N.L. DUTTA (25th_ed.)

Productivity rates of some important items of work as obtained from internet are tabulated below:

Excavation Work

Task / Description Slow Ave Fast Units

Excavate Spoil Heaps to Transport, 0.6m3 bucket, Sand/Soil 14.5 20.0 25.6 m3/hr Excavate Spoil Heaps to Transport, 0.6m3 bucket, Gravel Beds 15.2 20.4 25.6 m3/hr Excavate Spoil Heaps to Transport, 0.6m3 bucket, Clay/Chalk 12.3 18.5 23.2 m3/hr Excavate Spoil Heaps to Transport, 0.6m3 bucket, Boulder Clay 11.2 16.9 21.3 m3/hr Excavate Spoil Heaps to Transport, 1.1m3 bucket, Sand/Soil 25.4 30.3 35.7 m3/hr Excavate Spoil Heaps to Transport, 1.1m3 bucket, Gravel Beds 25.6 31.3 37.0 m3/hr Excavate Spoil Heaps to Transport, 1.1m3 bucket, Clay/Chalk 22.5 27.8 33.3 m3/hr Excavate Spoil Heaps to Transport, 1.1m3 bucket, Boulder Clay 18.9 24.4 30.3 m3/hr

Load Spoil to Barge, capacity 2,000m3 - 8.0 - hrs

Spoil conveyor, 600mm belt, 150m/min - 260.0 - m3/hr

Concrete Road surfacing

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Concrete Road surfacing, 150mm thick - 12.5 - m2/hr

Basecourse Production Rates:

We have found these production rates a good rule of thumb for the construction of Basecourse Urban environment:

Spread & Compact Production = 30m3/hr Trimming Production = 250m2/hr

Rural environment:

Spread & Compact Production = 50m3/hr Trimming Production = 350m2/hr

Waterproofing

Asphalt coatings, horizontal surfaces 3.5 4.2 5.8 m2/hr

Asphalt coatings, vertical surfaces 1.2 1.7 2.2 m2/hr

Bituminous Brushed application, 2 coats 4.8 5.0 6.3 m2/hr

Bituminous Brushed application, 3 coats 3.3 3.5 4.4 m2/hr

Bituminous Sheets, horizontal surfaces 3.8 4.0 4.8 m2/hr

Bituminous Sheets, vertical surfaces 3.3 3.5 4.2 m2/hr

Polythene Sheets, horizontal surfaces - 20.0 - m2/hr

Bentonite Sheets, horizontal surfaces 18.7 25.0 31.3 m2/hr

Bentonite Sheets, vertical surfaces 11.2 15.0 17.3 m2/hr

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Epoxy Based application, 2 coat - 38.0 - m2/hr

Wallpapering

Strip Existing Wallpaper (3 layers) & Prepare Walls - 5.0 - m2/hr

Fix Wallpaper and lining paper - 5.0 - m2/hr

Fix Vinyl and Washable paper - 4.2 - m2/hr

Fix Ceiling Lining Paper - 4.0 - m2/hr

Wall Finishes

Mosaic Tiling, 0.045x0.045m - 1.1 1.5 no/hr

Clay, quarry Tiles, Window Cills, setout and level - 55.5 - m/hr Clay, quarry Tiles, Window Cills, fix, grout and clean - 1.5 - m2/hr

Ceramic Tiles 150x150mm, Ledges/Upstands 20.4 27.1 32.0 no/hr

Ceramic Tiles 150x150mm, Areas under 1.5m2 per room 0.9 1.0 1.2 m2/hr Ceramic Tiles 150x150mm, Areas of 1.5-2.5m2 per room 1.4 1.6 1.9 m2/hr Ceramic Tiles 150x150mm, Areas over 2.5m2 per room 1.5 1.7 2.1 m2/hr Ceramic Tiles 150x150mm, Extra Over for Cutting - 41.6 - no/hr

Ceramic Tiles 108x108mm, Ledges/Upstands - 62.5 - no/hr

Ceramic Tiles 108x108mm, Areas under 1.5m2 per room 1.0 1.3 1.5 m2/hr Ceramic Tiles 108x108mm, Areas of 1.5-2.5m2 per room 1.6 1.8 2.1 m2/hr Ceramic Tiles 108x108mm, Areas over 2.5m2 per room 1.7 1.9 2.2 m2/hr Ceramic Tiles 108x108mm, Extra Over for Cutting - 125.0 - no/hr

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Ceramic Tiles, Grouting Works 2.2 2.5 2.6 m2/hr

Trench Excavation

Hydraulic Excavator, 0.3m3 bucket, Sand/Soil 5.6 7.1 8.2 m3/hr Hydraulic Excavator, 0.3m3 bucket, Gravel Beds 4.8 6.1 7.3 m3/hr Hydraulic Excavator, 0.3m3 bucket, Clay/Chalk 4.8 6.1 7.1 m3/hr Hydraulic Excavator, 0.3m3 bucket, Hard Ground 9.7 5.4 6.4 m3/hr Hydraulic Excavator, 0.4m3 bucket, Sand/Soil 20.5 25.0 29.2 m3/hr Hydraulic Excavator, 0.4m3 bucket, Gravel Beds 18.2 22.2 26.0 m3/hr Hydraulic Excavator, 0.4m3 bucket, Clay/Chalk 18.2 22.2 26.0 m3/hr Hydraulic Excavator, 0.4m3 bucket, Hard Ground 17.0 20.0 23.4 m3/hr Hydraulic Excavator, 0.5m3 bucket, Sand/Soil 26.0 28.6 33.1 m3/hr Hydraulic Excavator, 0.5m3 bucket, Gravel Beds 26.3 28.6 33.2 m3/hr Hydraulic Excavator, 0.5m3 bucket, Clay/Chalk 26.3 28.6 33.2 m3/hr Hydraulic Excavator, 0.5m3 bucket, Hard Ground 22.7 25.0 28.8 m3/hr Excavate and Board Trench, 0.5-1.5m deep, < 2.0m wide 3.3 4.5 6.8 m2/hr Excavate and Board Trench, 1.5-3.0m deep, < 2.0m wide 3.0 4.2 6.5 m2/hr Excavate and Board Trench, 3.0-4.5m deep, < 2.0m wide 2.7 4.0 6.0 m2/hr Excavate and Board Trench, 0.5-1.5m deep, > 2.0m wide 6.6 7.1 8.8 m2/hr

Timber Frames

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Wall Plates - 2.7 - m/hr

Roof Rafters - 1.2 - m/hr

Ceiling Joists - 32.1 - m/hr

Roof Soffits, Softwood, nailed - 9.2 - m/hr

Roof Soffits, Softwood, screwed - 3.9 - m/hr

Roof Soffits Asbestos, under 300mm nailed - 9.1 - m/hr

Roof Soffits Asbestos, under 300mm screwed - 3.8 - m/hr

Roof Soffits, Asbestos, over 300mm nailed - 3.5 - m/hr

Roof Soffits, Asbestos, over 300mm screwed - 1.3 - m/hr

Roof Facia Panels, Softwood 5.1 7.2 9.3 m/hr

Roof Facia Panels, Asbestos 1.3 2.5 3.9 m/hr

Roof Facia Panel Studding, nailed 7.3 8.1 9.0 m/hr

Roof Facia Panel Studding, screwed 4.6 5.2 5.8 m/hr

Roof Facia Panel Studding, bolted to beams 5.4 5.9 6.6 m/hr

Roof Works, Fix Herringbone Strutting - 5.1 - m/hr

Roof Works, Fix Firing Strips - 25.0 - m/hr

Roof Works, Fix Drip/Tilt Filleting - 20.5 - m/hr

Steel Frames

Steel Frame and Roof Members 3.4 - 4.6 Tons/da

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Wall Frame, Bow String Truss and Frame - 1.6 - Tons/da_y

Roof Frame, Curved Truss and Frame - 5.2 - Tons/da_y

Wall Frame, Glazed Frame and Atrium - 0.3 - Tons/da

y

Slates and Tiling

Slate Roofs, Welsh Slate 3-5mm - 18.0 - m2/day

Slate Roofs, Cumbrian Slate 8-11mm - 8.5 - m2/day

Slate Roofs, Asbestos Slates - 36.0 - m2/day

Tiled Roofs, Concrete Tiles - 52.0 - m2/day

Tiled Roofs, Clay Pan Tiles - 26.0 - m2/day

Sheeted Roofs

PVC Sheeted Roofs, large areas - 50.0 - m2/day

PVC Sheeted Roofs, small areas - 40.0 - m2/day

Plastic Profiled Sheet Systems - 54.0 - m2/day

Rainwater Works

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UPVC Guttering, 75mm - 3.1 - m/hr

UPVC RWP Fittings, 75mm - 3.1 - no/hr

Cast Iron Downpipes, 75mm - 2.1 - m/hr

Cast Iron Guttering, 75mm - 2.5 - m/hr

Cast Iron RWP Fittings, 75mm - 2.2 - no/hr

Aluminium Downpipes, 72mm - 2.5 - m/hr

Aluminium Guttering, 72mm - 2.9 - m/hr

Aluminium RWP Fittings, 72mm - 1.9 - no/hr

Curtain Walling

Vertical Glazed Lights, 6m x 2.5m - 14.5 - m2/day

Vertical Glazed Walls, large scale - 70.0 - m2/day

Clerestory Frame/Glazing, 3m x 4m - 28.0 - m2/day

Oriel Window Frame/Glazing, 4m x 2m - 35.0 - m2/day

Glazed Curtain Wall, First Fix - 1.2 - m2/hr

Glazed Curtain Wall, Second Fix - 1.1 - m2/hr

High Quality Glazed Curtain Walling - 25.0 - m2/day

Metal Decking

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y

Metal Decking, small or complicated - 28.0 - m2/da

y

Titanium Sheeted Roofs - 9.5 - m2/da

y

Copper Roofs, flat work - 3.0 - m2/da_y

Copper Roofs, sloping work - 2.7 - m2/dy

Zinc Roofs, flat work - 2.4 - m2/da

y

Zinc Roofs, sloping work - 2.1 - m2/da

y

Aluminium Roofs, flat work - 2.8 - m2/da_y

Aluminium Roofs, sloping work - 1.9 - m2/da_y

Lead Roofs, flat work - 2.5 - m2/da_y

Lead Roofs, sloping work - 2.1 - m2/da_y

Lead Roofs, dormer cheeks - 1.3 - m2/da_y

Lead Roofs, flat gutters - 88.0 - m/day

Lead Roofs, flat copings - 76.0 - m/day

Lead Roofs, stepped gutters - 3.5 - m/day

Lead Roofs, shaped copings - 3.3 - m/day

Lead Roofs, cover step flashings - 3.2 - m/day

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Lead Roofs, domed roof coverings - 0.7 - m2/da_y

Flat and Layered Roofs

Asphalt Roof in layers - 45.0 - m2/da

y