Using EMME/2 in
environmental studies in the
Czech Republic
Mgr. Jiří Dufek, Mgr. Ivo Dostál
[email protected], [email protected]
Centrum dopravního výzkumu
(Transport Research Centre)
Introduction
- only one licence in the Czech Republic
- one year experience in urban transport modeling of Brno city and Zlin town will be presented
- pioneer approach: no EMME/2 in Czechia before
- distributors are from Hungary (completely different language) - we learn ourselves (no courses in Europe)
Brno city model
Description of city:
- 2nd largest city in the Czech republic - approximately 380 000 inhabitants
- relatively well developed public transport system (run by local government owned company DPmB)
Brno city model -modes
Brno city model – public transport
Brno city model - functions
Used functions:
t functions init
a fd1 =(length * 60 / el1 / 100) * (1 + ((volau + volad) / (lanes * el2 )) ^ 5) a ft1 =length * 60 / (speed * 100)
a ft2 =length * 60 * 1.8 / (speed * 100) a fp1 =.1
a fp2 =.2
e1=ul1= free flow link speed
e2 = @lacap = estimation of a link capacity (depending on link type)
- the only 1 volume – delay (BPR function) - 2 transit time functions: ft2 in centre core
- 2 simple turn – penalty functions – only penalization without the dependence on turn volumes
Brno city model - network
Network:
- 199 centroids, 1814 regular nodes, more 6000 links, 113 intersections and 57 transit lines,
- centroids = specific zones created by an overlapping of the zones of traffic research and urban zones
-ui1, ui2, ui3 = numbers of individual urbanistic zones are described in each centroid,
-only 1 scenario is done up to now,
-Xi and Yi are in the S-JTSK projection (used in Central Europe),
-Xi and Yi are in meters = ling length in meters (or 10-meters, 100-meters ...) – recalculation with 2.41 module
Brno city model – auto network
Auto network:
Red links = main roads Green links = local roads
Brno city model - network
Network:
- The links are classified with the help of link type. The link type corresponds approximately to free flow speed, which is input as user link data 1 (ul1) as in Table 1.
----1
pedestrian links (in parks, public green space ...)
20 - 30 2 - 3
local adjoining roads
30 - 40 3 - 4
local main roads
40 4
linear roads from/to center - minor
50 5
linear roads from/to center - main
50 - 60 5 - 6
Small City Circle (inner)
60 - 80 6 - 8
Big City Circle (outer)
80 8
1st class roads outside the city
100 10
express roads (R52)
110 11
motorways D1 (Brno - Prague) and D2 (Brno - Bratislava, Slovak Republic) ul 1 (speed in km/h) Link type Road type
Brno city model – transit network
Transit network:
- 13 tram 11 trolleybus and 33 bus lines
- trams in centre delayed due to high density and sharing the road with cars: ttf = 2
tram lines with background transit network
Brno city model – transit network
Transit network:
- trolleybuses and buses used for the connection of the centre and housing zones
- node labels are used for transit stops names
lines in centre with node labels - transit stop names
Brno city model – matrices
Auto demand matrix: mf1
- has been created from traffic research and modified - modification in order to have the batch input format
- updating: new centroids = new shopping centers, data from population census (2001)
Transit demand matrix: mf2
- calculated from mf 1 (resp. mo1 and md1) according to modal split (no modal split model used)
- averaged modal split in Brno : 45 % auto, 55 % public transit - vary from 30:70 (centre) to about 80:20 (suburb)
- created by matrix balancing, with the help of mo, md and unit matrix (default=1) or exponential function of travel time (examples in the EMME/2 manual)
Brno city model – matrices
Auto and transit travel time matrices
- obtained from the fixed demand auto and transit assignment
Brno city model – auto assignment
Auto assignment:
- standard equilibrium auto assignment
Brno city model – NOx emissions
Emission calculation (using the module 2.41)
- NOx emission factors per a vehicle (g/km) in extra attribute @efnox - @efnox depends on the delayed speed: ul2: (ul2=length*60/timau) - NOx emission (ul3) = @int * @efnox
NOx emission factors of passenger cars (from database of Czech vehicles – mainly Skoda) 1.3895 < 10 1.8347 > 110 1.1398 90 – 109.9 0.8611 70 – 89.9 0.8156 50 – 69.9 0.9055 30 – 49.9 0.9577 10 - 29.9 NOx (@efnox) [g/km] Delayed speed (ul2)
Brno city model – NOx emissions
Results of NOx emissions calculation
A screenshot of auto links with NOx emissions
Brno city model – transit assignment
Fixed demand transit assignment
- done for the future modeling of the planned actions in Brno: Park and Ride, shift of Central Railway station, etc ..
- fixed demand transit assignment = transit volumes of individual lines and segments, wait time factor = 0.5
- weights for perceived individual component of travel time are estimated = 1, except pedestrian
Brno city model – transit assignment
Fixed demand transit assignment results
All transit lines and nodes with daily boarding > 20000
There is a plan to shift the Central Railway Station on the south (?)
- the most of people travel in western part of the inner ring – more 130 thousands per a day
- the Central Railway Station is a stop with most of people boarding and alighting – more than 65 thousands per a day ()
Brno city model – transit assignment
Auxiliary transit assignment results
initial boarding (violet) transfer boarding (yellow)
- pedestrian traffic in northern part of city centre
Brno city model – transit assignment
Auxiliary transit assignment results
initial boarding (violet) transfer boarding (yellow)
- pedestrian traffic in southern part of city centre
Brno city model – verification
Verification of the results
- very long process … (first assigments were totally wrong …)
- results of National Traffic Census are available in Brno city but only for the motorways and 1st class roads
- approaching to the observed volumes = repeating the process many times (modification of inputs, repeated asignments)
- public transport: some data about boarding and alighting in Central Railway Station and in surrounding were available.
- which inputs had to be modified ? Almost all: VDF, TPF, TTF, speed (ul1), estimation of capacity (@lacap) …
Zlin town model
Introduction
- Zlin is home town of shoemaker Tomas Bata
- the goal of the modeling = evaluation of an impact of planned roads - predict the changes in traffic, which should come with the
construction of new roads
- the model does not involve public transport until now, even though the public transport is well developed in this town
- 2 scenarios are dome: present state anf the future state, after supposed 2 new planned roads: „Right Shore“ road and
- 42 centroids, 175 regular nodes, 592 links and 4 intersections
- nodes and centroids are in the S-JTSK coordinate system (like in Brno city
Zlin town model – present situation
Scenario 1
- the town shape is very extended in east - west direction
- one big avenue with heavy traffic burden and a lot of congestions is the horizontal hub of the town
- many houses are situated close to this noisy and dusty road.
Assigned volumes in Scenario 1 - present state
Zlin town model – present situation
Scenario 1
Zlin town model – present situation
Emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2)
- traffic volumes in both scenarios were used for the calculation of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from transport
- share of light and heavy duty vehicles and buses is 5-7 % on main road and only about 1-2 % in local road
- share of buses has been estimated according to public transport timetables 216.1 t o t a l 11.4 buses 35.0 heavy duty vehicles
22.4 light duty vehicles
147.2 passenger cars
Daily emission of CO2 [tonnes]
Zlin town model – traffic prediction
Scenario 2
-Assignment of the same matrix on the network with planned roads - efficiency of 2 planned roads: express road "Right Shore" and connection "Prstenska".
„Right Shore
Road“
Zlin town model – traffic prediction
Scenario 2
Conclusions
Brno city
-transport modeling should be an important part of environmental impact assessment especially in Brno city,
-planned actions in Brno are: planned shift of Central Railway Station, finalization of the Big City Circle, building of parking houses and its best location, Park and Ride system,
-the model should help to evaluate all possible scenarios and optimal strategy,
- more scenarios for Brno model are planned,
- more advanced modeling techiques (modal split, generalised costs, multiclass and variable demand assignment, etc..
Conclusions – planned work
Zlin town
-The public transit will be add to the databank
Other models (national, regional)
-The national model is in the beginning (network)
-Regional models with a help of coding of national model subnetwork -Intercity matrix = help of population census 2001
