and coordinated by
Last update: August 2014
D1.7 Updated IEE Common
Performance Indicators
(Including their baseline and assumptions for extrapolation)
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Contents
Introduction ... 3
Scope ... 3
Assumptions
... 3
Service Sector... 4
Industry Sector ... 5
Commerce sector
... 6
Summary of energy savings ... 7
Greenhouse gases savings ... 8
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Introduction
The IEE common performance indicators (CPIs) have been updated according to the number of SMEs enrolled in the project so far. However, these figures remain preliminary and will need to be revised throughout the project lifecycle due to many contingency that may occur.
Overall objective Target within the action duration : Target by 2020: To contribute to the EU 2020 targets on energy efficiency and renewable energy sources1 5939.28Primary energy savings compared to projections (toe/year) 21867.54 Cumulative Primary energy savings compared to projections (toe)
16092.4 Reduction of greenhouse gas emissions (t CO2e/year)
60747.3 Cumulative
Reduction of greenhouse gas emissions (t CO2e)
Scope
The direct impacts are expected on the energy efficiency of the 600 SMEs which will receive support and guidance by advisors of Chambers of Commerce and Industry. CPIs are calculated with the bottom-up approach following the Guidelines for the calculation of the IEE Common Performance Indicators (CPIs).
Assumptions
According to interim results of companies enrolment, it is expected that approximately 600 companies will be involved:o
29% of enrolled SMEs will belong to the service sector (about 174),o
17% belong to the commerce sector (about 102) ando
54% from the industry sector (about 324)
According to available figures based on the already enrolled companies the average number of employees per sector is the following:o Service: 28
o
Industry: 50 o Commerce: 281
STEEEP action will certainly also trigger significant investments in energy efficiency technologies and the uptake of Renewable Energy systems. However, these investments will differ considerably between countries, sectors and individual SMEs. Therefore an estimate would be completely unfounded.
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Energy savings and GHG emissions reduction are calculated following 3 different scenarios: A. Energy savings if energy efficiency recommendations will be fully implemented B. Energy savings with 75% of energy efficiency measures installed
C. Energy savings with 50% of energy efficiency measures installed Energy savings are firstly calculated for scenario A.
Service Sector
According to the ODYSSEE energy key indicators database2:
The annual average energy consumption per employee in the services sector in the EU in 2011 is approximately 1 toe/yr and the average electricity consumption per employee in the services sector in the EU is approximately 5000 Kwh/employee/yr (=0.43 toe/employee/yr using the IEA unit converter3). This means that the average heat and fuel consumption per employee in 2011 is = 0.57 toe/employee/yr (1toe employee/yr - 0.43 toe/employee/yr)
The average number of employees of SMEs in the service sector involved in the project according to interim figures is 28.
For an average participating SME of 28 employees:
the annual electricity consumption would be 0.43x28= 12 toe
the annual heat and fuel consumption would be 0.57x28= 15.9 toeAccording to the EMEEES project4, a typical energy audit in the private building of the service sector
will save 1.5% of electricity and 4% of heat and fuels.
We assume that company visits carried out by CCI energy advisors during this project (and support services) will have an impact similar to an energy survey. Hence, the resulting annual savings from company visits would be:
Electricity: 12 toe/yr x 1.5% = 0.18 toe/yr per SMEs in the service sector
Heat and fuels: 15.9 toe/yr x 4% = 0.63 toe/yr per SMEs in the service sectorWe assume that the savings from each company visits and company’s participation to workshops are achieved for 3 years. i.e. the average lifetime of the energy efficiency measures implemented is 3 years. The total number of company visits carried out by CCI advisors in the service sector is expected to be 174. Therefore we expect that for 3 years the total energy savings resulting from company visits would be:
Electricity: 174 x 0.18 toe/yr = 31.3 toe/yr
Heat and fuels: 174 x 0.63 toe/yr = 109.6 toe/yrThe total energy savings in the service amount to 140.9 toe/yr after company visits (and support services)
2 http://www.indicators.odyssee-mure.eu/online-indicators.html 3 http://www.iea.org/stats/unit.asp 4 http://www.evaluate-energy-savings.eu/emeees/downloads/EMEEES_WP42_Method_18_Energy_Audits_Revised_draft_080530.pdf
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In addition to this, SMEs will benefit from the EU benchmarking of their performance. According to Energy Star5 data, businesses which constantly benchmark their energy performance have an average annual energy savings of 2.4%. This means that on a 30-months period (WP4) SMEs energy savings will amount to 6%. The annual energy savings resulting from EU Benchmark of Energy Performance will amount to:
SMEs annual electricity consumption 12 toe/yr x 2.4% = 0.28 toe/yr x 174 SMEs = 48.7 toe/yr
SMEs annual heat and fuel consumption 15.9 toe/yr x 2.4% = 0.38 toe/yr x174 SMEs= 66 toe/yrThe total energy savings in the service amount to 114.7 toe/yr with benchmarking
Industry Sector
According to ENEA Database6 the annual energy consumption per working unit (i.e. full time employee) in industry in Italy in 2007 was approximately 8.34 toe/yr and the average electricity consumption per working unit in the sector is approximately 28 Mwh/working unit/yr (=2.4 toe/employee/yr using the IEA unit converter7).
This means the average heat and fuel consumption per working unit is 8.34toe/ working unit /yr - 2.4toe/ working unit /yr = 5.94 toe/ working unit /yr.
We assume that this figure is valid for all participating countries. Different weather conditions, cold weather in Northern countries may be counterbalanced by other conditions, e.g. energy intensive industry in Southern Countries.
The average number of working units of SMEs in the industry sector involved in the project according to interim figures is 50.
For an average participating SME of 50 working units in the industry sector:
the annual electricity consumption would be 2.4 toe x50=120 toe/yr
the annual heat and fuel consumption would be 5.94 toe x50= 297 toe/yrAccording to EMEEES project8, a typical energy audit in industry will save 1% of annual energy consumption in case of electricity and 2% of annual energy consumption in case of heat and fuels. These figures do not apply to energy intensive processes; however we will use them since we decide to be conservative on this matter.
Company visits and support by CCI energy advisors can be compared to an energy survey. Hence the resulting annual savings from company visits would be:
Electricity: 120 toe/yr x 1% = 1.2 toe/yr per SMEs in industry5 http://www.energystar.gov/ia/business/downloads/datatrends/DataTrends_Savings_20121002.pdf?2428-f55e 6 http://www.enea.it/it/produzione-scientifica/rapporto-energia-e-ambiente-1/rapporto-energia-e-ambiente-2009-2010/i-dati-2009-2010/statistiche-regionali
Consumo energetico per unità di lavoro nell’industria manifatturiera Consumo elettrico per unità di lavoro nell’industria manifatturiera
7
http://www.iea.org/stats/unit.asp
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Heat and fuels: 297 toe/yr x 2% = 5.9 toe/yr per SMEs in industryWe assume that the savings from each company visit are achieved for 3 years. i.e. the average lifetime of the energy efficiency measures implemented is 3 years. The total number of company visits carried out by CCI advisors in the service sector will be about 324. Therefore, we expect that for 3 years the total energy savings resulting from company visits (and support services) are:
Electricity: 324 x 1.2 toe/yr = 388.8 toe/yr
Heat and fuels: 324 x 5.9 toe/yr = 1911.6 toe/yrThe total energy savings amount to 2300.4 toe/yr after company visits in industry
Applying the same reasoning for the service sector for EU benchmark, the total energy savings resulting will amount to:
the annual electricity consumption 120 toe/yr x 2.4% = 2.88 toe/yr x 324 SMEs = 933 toe/yr
the annual heat and fuel consumption 297 toe/yr x 2.4% = 7.1 toe/yr x 324 SMEs = 2300.4 toe/yrThe total energy savings in industry amount to 3233.4 toe/yr with benchmarking
Commerce sector
Since appropriate figures are not available for the commerce sector, calculations in this section are based on service sector data. The annual energy consumption per employee is approximately 1 toe/yr and the average electricity consumption per employee in the services sector in Europe in approximately 5000 Kwh/employee/yr (=0.43 toe/employee/yr using the IEA unit converter9). This means that the average heat and fuel consumption per employee is 1- 0.43 = 0.57 toe/employee/yr. The average number of employee of SMEs in the service sector involved in the project is 28
For an average SME of 28 employees:
the annual electricity consumption would be 0.43x28= 12 toe
the annual heat and fuel consumption would be 0.57x28= 15.9 toeAccording to EMEEES project, a typical energy audit will save 1.5% in case of electricity and 4% in case of heat and fuels.
Company visits and support by CCI energy advisors can be compared to an energy survey. Hence the resulting annual savings from company visits would be:
Electricity: 12 toe/yr x 1.5% = 0.18 toe/yr per SMEs in commerce
Heat and fuels: 15.9 toe/yr x 4% = 0.63 toe/yr per SMEs in commerceWe assume that the savings from each company visits are achieved for 3 years. i.e. the average lifetime of the energy efficiency measures implemented is 3 years. The total number of company visits
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carried out by CCI advisors in the service sector will be 102. Therefore we expect that for 3 years the total energy savings resulting from company visits are:
Electricity: 102 x 0.18 toe/yr = 18.36 toe/yr
Heat and fuels: 102 x 0.63 toe/yr = 64.26 toe/yrThe total energy savings amount to 82.62 toe/yr after company visits (and support services) in the commerce sector.
Applying the same reasoning for the service sector for EU benchmark, the total energy savings resulting will amount to:
SMEs annual electricity consumption 12 toe/yr x 2.4% = 0.28 toe/yr x 102 SMEs = 28.56 toe/yr
SMEs annual heat and fuel consumption 15.9 toe/yr x 2.4% = 0.38 toe/yr x102 SMEs= 38.7 toe/yrThe total energy savings in commerce amount to 67.26 toe/yr with benchmarking
Summary of energy savings
Overview of energy savings calculated for different scenarios.
toe/yr Company visit and support Benchmarking Total A* Total B** Total C*** Service Electricity 31.3 48.7 80 4454.46 2969.64
Heat & fuels 109.6 66 175.6
total 140.9 114.7
Industry
Electricity 388.8 933 1321.8
Heat & fuels 1911.6 2300.4 4212
Total 2300.4 3233.4
Commerce
Electricity 18.36 28.56 46.92
Heat & fuels 64.26 38.7 102.96
Total 82.62 67.26
Subtotal 2523.92 3415.36 5939.28
*scenario A: energy savings if energy efficiency recommendations are fully adopted and implemented **scenario B: energy savings with 75% of recommendations adopted and implemented
P ag e 8 toe/yr Energy Savings Electricity Heat and Fuels Service 80 175.6 Industry 1321.8 4212 Commerce 46.92 102.96 total A 1448.72 4490.56 total B 1086.54 3367.92 total C 724.36 2245.28
Greenhouse gases savings
GHG savings are calculated from energy savings using the appropriate emissions factors. We assume the emissions factor for heat and fuels is that of natural gas since it is the fuel of choice for heating in most Europe.
According to the guidance for Sustainable Energy Action Plans produced for the EU Covenant of Mayors initiative10, the average emission factor for natural gas for Europe is currently 0.202tCO
2/MWh
and this is assumed to be constant for the duration of the project.
Therefore the GHG savings from heat and fuel savings within the project are estimated as: Scenario A: 4490.56 toe/yr x 11.63MWh/toe x 0.202 tCO2/MWh = 10549.4 tCO2/yr
Scenario B: 3367.92 toe/yr x 11.63MWh/toe x 0.202 tCO2/MWh = 7912 tCO2/yr
Scenario C: 2245.28 toe/yr x 11.63MWh/toe x 0.202 tCO2/MWh = 5274.7 tCO2/yr
10www.eumayors.eu/IMG/pdf/technical_annex_en.pdf Country Emission factor for electricity tCO2/MWh n. of SMEs involved so far AT 0.209 19 BE 0.285 27 EE 0.908 22 ES 0.44 100 FR 0.056 164 HU 0.566 42 IT 0.483 133 LV 0.109 19 RO 0.701 20 HR Not available 27
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The emissions factor for electricity varies by country as it depends to power generation mix. The table uses current emissions factors for power generation for each of the participating countries, taken from the Covenant of Mayors guidance to estimate GHG savings from electricity savings. In a simplified scheme, we made a weighted average of the participating countries emission factor for electricity weighed on number of SMEs involved per country:
Weighted average emission factor for electricity tCO2/MWh: 0.329 tCO2/MWh
Therefore the GHG savings from electricity savings within the project are estimated as: Scenario A 1448.72toe/yr x 11.63 MWh/toe x 0.329 tCO2/MWh = 5543 tCO2/yr
Scenario B 1086.54toe/yr x 11.63 MWh/toe x 0.329 tCO2/MWh = 4157.3 tCO2/yr
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Target by 2020
Cumulative Primary energy savings compared to projections
The minimum impact is calculated. Further energy savings achieved via the energy savings potential of the Local Energy Communities are not taken into account.
Scenario A
toe 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 company visits and
support (helpdesk , workshops) 2523.92 2523.92 2523.92 benchmarking during project 3415.36 3415.36 3415.36 own benchmarking and helpdesk support (-1% per yr)* 1349.9 1349.9 1349.9 Total 5939.28 5939.28 5939.28 1349.9 1349.9 1349.9 Subtotal 21867.54
*we assume that SMEs will continue to benchmark autonomously their energy performance and take advantage of helpdesk established
Scenario B
toe 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
company visits and support (helpdesk , workshops) 4454.46 4455.46 4456.46 benchmarking during project own benchmarking and helpdesk support (-1% per yr)* 1349.9 1349.9 1349.9 Total 4454.46 4455.46 4456.46 1349.9 1349.9 1349.9 Subtotal 17416.08
*we assume that SMEs will continue to benchmark autonomously their energy performance and take advantage of helpdesk established
P ag e 11 Scenario C toe 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 company visits and support (helpdesk , workshops) 2969.64 2969.64 2969.64 benchmarking during project own benchmarking and helpdesk support (-1% per yr)* 1349.9 1349.9 1349.9 Total 2969.64 2969.64 2969.64 1349.9 1349.9 1349.9 Subtotal 12958.62
*we assume that SMEs will continue to benchmark autonomously their energy performance and take advantage of helpdesk established
Cumulative Reduction of greenhouse gas emissions by 2020 Scenario A t CO2e 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Company visits, support and benchmarking 16092.4 16092.4 16092.4 Own benchmarking and helpdesk support 4156.7 4156.7 4156.7 Subtotal 60747.3 Scenario B t CO2e 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Company visits, support and benchmarking 12069.3 12069.3 12069.3 Own benchmarking and helpdesk support 4156.7 4156.7 4156.7 Subtotal 48678
P ag e 12 Scenario C t CO2e 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Company visits, support and benchmarking 8046.2 8046.2 8046.2 Own benchmarking and helpdesk support 4156.7 4156.7 4156.7 Subtotal 36608.7
