Beneficial effects of Lactobacillus sp. against Streptococcus mutans

Stip, Republic of Macedonia 28.03-29.03.2018 Multimedia centre, Stip

First International Students

Congress in Dental Medicine

- 2018

DIGITAL VS

ANALOGICAL

IN DENTAL

MEDICINE

Digital VS Analogical in Dental Medicine

Faculty of Medical Sciences at the University “GoceDelcev” in Stip gladly invites you

to participate in First International Students Congress where we will be able

together to invest in the future of modern dentistry.

This Congress is a great opportunity to learn new techniques in dental

treatment, to spend quality time with colleagues, to enjoy in the beautiful scenery of

the Macedonian pearl- our city of Stip!

Enjoy!

Stip, Republic of Macedonia

-

28.03.-29.03.2018

University of Goce Delcev- Stip

International students congress in dental

medicine

DAY ONE -WEDNESDAY , 28

_{of march}

8:30-10:00

Registration of participants

10:00

OPENING CEREMONY OF THE CONGRESS

WELCOME – HAVE A NICE STAY!

MORNING SESSION

10:30

ORAL PRESENTATIONS- SESSION 1

Chairmen: Ass. Prof. Papakoca K.; Ass. Prof. Zlatanovska K. ; Student -Ilievski S.

10:30-11:00

Prof. Rubin Gulaboski, dean of the Faculty of medical sciences

Fake Science, Fake Journals, Fake Scientists

11:00-11:20

Ass. Prof. Marija Darkovska- Serafimovska Adverse drug interactions in dental practice

11:20-11:30

Author: Stefanija Stojanova Co-author: Stefani Joveva Mentor: Kocovski Darko Co-mentor: Zlatanovska Katerina

11:30-11:40

Author: Aleksandar Andreevski, Co-author: Natasha Longurova Mentor: Ivona Kovachevska

11:40-11:50

Author: Andrej Stojanovski, Co-author: Artion Abdiju Mentor: Vera Stojanovska

Faculty of dentistry, Europian University, Skopje

12:00-13:00- POSTER PRESENTATIONS

POSTER PRESENTATIONS

Chairmen: Ass. D-r. Petrovski M.; D-r. Kocovski D.; student- Trajkova M.

Theme 1

Author: Marija Dejkoska, Co- author: Stefan Ilievski Mentor: Sonja Rogoleva, Co-mentor: Ljupka Lazarova

Theme 2

Mentor: Darko Kocovski, Co-mentor: Katerina Zlatanovska

Theme 3

Author: Emre Gulbahar, Co-author: Lidija Angova Mentor: Apostoloski Pavle, Co-mentor: Kiril Mitevski

Theme 4

Mentor: Katerina Zlatanovska, Co-mentor: Darko Kocovski

Theme 5

Mentor: Ljupka Lazarova, Co-mentor: Sonja Rogoleva

Theme 6

Mentor:Darko Kocovski, Co-mentor: Pavle Apostoloski

Theme 7

Mentor: Katerina Zlatanovska, Co-mentor: Ivona Kovachevska

Theme 8

Mentor: Apostoloski Pavle, Co-mentor: Kiril Mitevski

Theme 9

Author: Magdalena Dejkoska, Co-author: Slavica Tileva Mentor: Darko Kocovski, Co-mentor: Verica Toneva

Theme 10

14:00-17:00

HANDS ON COURSES

Author: Magdalena Koceva, Co-author: Ana Trajkovska Mentor: Sandra Atanasova, Co-mentor: Verica Toneva

Theme 12

Mentor: Kiro Papakoca, Co-mentor: Marija Hadji-Vasileva

Theme 13

Mentor: Natasa Longurova, Co-mentor: Katerina Zlatanovska

Theme 14

Author: Aleksandra Markoska, Co-author: Izabela Brsakoska Mentor: Natasha Longurova, Co-mentor: Sandra Atanasova

Theme 15

Author: Verica Sajkarova

Mentor: Ljupka Lazarova, Co-mentor: Sandra Atanasova

Theme 16

Mentor: Natasha Longurova, Co-mentor: Verica Toneva

Theme 17

Author: Natalija Gorgieva, Co-author:Lidija Angova Mentor: Verica Toneva, Co-mentor: Sandra Atanasova

Theme 18

Author:Martin Treneski, Co-author: Hristijan Dimovski

Mentor: Terzieva-Petroska Olivera, Co-mentor: Petrovski Mihajlo

Theme 19

Author: Anita Kirova ,Co-author: Frosina Pandova

Mentor: Natasha Longurova, Co-mentor: Ivona Kovachevska

Theme 20

Mentor: Sanja Naskova, Co-mentor: Verica Toneva

13:00-14.00 LUNCH BREAK

AFTERNOON SESSION

14:00

ORAL PRESENTATIONS– SESSION 2

Chairmen: Ass. Prof. Papakoca K.; D-r. Terzieva Petrovska O.; Student- Sulev S.

14:00-14:30

Ass. Prof. Mirjana Bošković , Prof. Sasa Stankovic, Faculty of medical sciences, Nis, Serbia The importance of the dental profile in forensic dentistry

14:30-14:50

Olivera Terzieva-Petrovska

The importance of oral hygiene for the longevity of dental implants

14:50-15:00

Menthor: Dimova Cena

15:00-15:10

Menthor: Dimova Cena

15:10-15:20

Author:Kristina Burić Mentor: Miloš Tijanić

Clinic of dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš

15:20-15:30

Discussion

16:00

ORAL PRESENTATIONS – SESSION 3

Chairmen: Ass. Prof. Naskova S; Ass. D-r. Petrovski M.; student-Novoselska M.

16:00-16:20

Ass. Prof. Kiro Papakoca

Digital Vs. analog x-ray images and their application in dentistry then and now

16:20-16:40

Ass. D-r. Mihajlo Petrovski

Implantology vs. Periodontology

16:40-16:50

Clinic of dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš

16:50-17:00

Mentor: Papakoca Kiro, Co-mentor: Rogoleva Sonja

17:00-17:10

Author: Ordanka Kostova, Co-author: Sofija Gavrilova

Mentor: Petrovski Mihajlo, Co-mentor: Terzieva-Petrovska Olivera

17:10-17:20

Author: Simona Coneva Mentor: Papakoca Kiro

17:20-17:30

Discussion

DAY TWO – THURSDAY, 29

of march

MORNING SESSION

9:00

ORAL PRESENTATIONS-SESSION 4

Chairmen: Prof. Dimova C.;D-r. Terzieva-Petrovska O.; student-Dimovski H.

9:00-9:20

Prof. Lidija Popovska, University “Sv. Kiril I Metodij”- Skopje Cleaning and shaping using rotary endodontic instruments

9:20-9:40

Jetmire Jakupi -Alimani, State University of Tetovo

Assessing the caries risk factors among children at the age from 4-5 using the Cariogram program

9:40-9:50

Mentor: Zlatanovska Katerina, Co-mentor: Longurova Natasa

9:50-10:00

Author: Iva Maslarevska, Co-author:Liljana Petrova,

Mentor: Sarakinova Olivera, Co-mentor: Kostadinovska Emilija Faculty of dentistry, European University, Skopje

10:00-10:10

Author: Danilo Krstevski, Co-author: Katerina Spasovska, Dubravka Angelik Mentor: Velevski Dragoljub, Co-mentor: Dimova Cena

10:10-10:20

Pavle Apostoloski

CAD/CAM systems- the basis of modern dental prosthetics

10:20-10:40

Discussion

13:00-14:00 – POSTER PRESENTATIONS

POSTER PRESENTATIONS

Chairmen: Ass.Prof. Longurova N.; D-r. Rogoleva S.; student- K’rmazova S.

Theme 1

Author: Nikola Stojkov, Co-author: Viktorija Popovska Mentor: Sanja Nashkova, Co-mentor: Ljupka Lazarova

Theme 2

Mentor: Ljupka Lazarova, Co-mentor: Sanja Nashkova

Theme 3

Mentor: Sanja Naskova, Co-mentor: Sandra Atanasova

Theme 4

Mentor: Sandra Atanasova, Co-mentor: Sanja Nashkova

Theme 5

Mentor: Olivera Terzieva-Petrovska, Co-mentor: Sonja Rogoleva

Theme 6

Author:Blagica Miteva, Co-author:Ksenija Dimitrusova

Mentor: Sonja Rogoleva, Co-mentor:Olivera Terzieva-Petrovska

Theme 7

Author: Maja Trajkova, Co-author: Zorica Kozuharova

Mentor: Verica Toneva, Co-mentor: Aleksandra Toneva Nikolova

Theme 8

Author: Spase Stojanov

Theme 9

Mentor: Darinka Gjorgieva Ackova, Co-mentor: Katarina Smilkov

Theme 10

Author: Popovska Anastasija, Co-author: Popovska Verica

Mentor: Petrovski Mihajlo, Co-mentor: Terzieva-Petrovska Olivera

Theme 11

Author name: Lea Efremova, Co-author name: Maja Dejanoska Mentor: Aleksandra Toneva Co-mentor: Verica Toneva

Theme 12

Theme 13

Mentor: Kiro Papakocha, Co-mentor: Mihajlo Petrovski

Theme 14

Author: Blagoj Lazarov

Mentor: Olivera Terzieva-Petrovska, Co-mentor: Mihajlo Petrovski

Theme 15

Author:Ljupcho Bikovski, Co-author: Ognen Cvetanoski Mentor: Cena Dimova

Theme 16

Mentor: Olivera Terzieva-Petrovska, Co-mentor: Mihajlo Petrovski

Theme 17

Mentor: Verica Toneva, Co-mentor: Sonja Rogoleva

Theme 18

Author: Sara Talevska; Co-author: Zorka Gjorgieva Mentor: Verica Toneva ; Co- mentor: Darko Kocovski

14:00-17:00

WE ARE INVITING YOU

TO THE PARTY

LET’S CELEBRATE

FOR THE SUCCESFULL CONGRESS AND FOR THE

WONDERFULL MOMENTS SPEND TOGETHER

WEDNESDAY, 28

OF MARCH

THANK YOU FOR YOUR PRESENCE AND

PARTICIPATION!

WE HOPE YOU HAD A WONDERFUL

TIME!

Vice-presidents of the congress Ass. Prof. Papakoca Kiro prof. Dimova Cena President of the congress Prof. Gulaboski Rubin

Scientific board Organizing board

➢ Prof. Kovacevska Ivona

➢ Prof. Minovska Ana

➢ Prof. Sabanov Erol

➢ Prof. Dimova Cena

➢ Ass. Prof. Carceva-Salja Sofija

➢ Ass. Prof. Papakoca Kiro

➢ Ass. Prof. Zlatanovska Katerina

➢ Ass. Prof. Longurova Natasha

➢ Ass. Prof. Nashkova Sanja

➢ Ass. Petrovski Mihajlo

➢ Ass. Zarkova-Atanasovski Julija

➢ D-r. Terzieva-Petrovska Olivera

➢ Ass. Prof. Kenan Ferati

➢ Ass. Prof Valentina Veselinovic, R.Srpska

➢ Prof. dr. Krasic Dragan, R.Srbija

➢ Prof. dr. Nikola Buric, R.Srbija

➢ Prof. Markovski Velo

➢ Prof. Dr. Milka Zdravkovska

Secretary of the congress Ass. Petrovski Mihajlo

➢ Prof. dr. Vaso Taleski

➢ D-r. Toneva Verica ➢ D-r Atanasova Sandra ➢ D-r. Kocovski Darko ➢ D-r. Lazarova Ljupka ➢ D-r. Rogoleva Sonja ➢ D-r. Hadzivasileva Marija ➢ Apostoloski Pavle ➢ Mitevski Kiril Students: ➢ Aleksandar Ristovski ➢ Ana Nakova ➢ Anastasija Popovska ➢ Andon Stojkov ➢ Anita Kirova ➢ Filip Gavrilov ➢ Hristijan Dimovski ➢ Ljubica Proseva ➢ Maja Trajkova ➢ Marija Novoselska ➢ Martin Trenevski ➢ Nina Dimevska ➢ Ognen Cvetanovski ➢ Ordanka Kostova ➢ Sofija Gavrilova ➢ Spase Sulev ➢ Stefan Ilievski ➢ Suzana Krmazova ➢ Zlatko Maksimov ➢ Zorica Kozuharova

ABSTRACT BOOK

Digital VS Analogical

First International Students Congress in Dental Medicine

Stip 28-29.03.2018

Fake Science, Fake Journals, Fake Scientists

Rubin Gulaboski

Faculty of Medical Sciences, Goce Delcev University, Stip, Macedonia

Abstract

Many scams coming from the “yellow journalism” have not been considered seriously until many “extraordinary findings” and “real news” did not start meddling in the education, science, politics and every day live worldwide. As we are not still aware whether Hillary Clinton might have lost the final presidential elections in USA in 2016 mainly because of group of teen-scammers from Veles (Macedonia) who spread waste number of fake news, it is completely clear that many scientists and professors all over the world are holding their positions, getting money and projects due to publishing a doubtful science in predatory journals. The term "predatory journal" was relatively unknown a decade ago, but we now know that the scammy science journals are making big troubles in many societies. These dishonest publications use a set of obvious “methods” to convince “scientists” to submit their research in their journals, mainly via spam emails. The publications submitted of the scientist to such predatory journals doesn't perform any editorial or peer review. However, after the paper is published (or, in most of the cases, put on a fake internet platform only), the authors will be asked to pay big "publication fees." Having ability to create official-looking web platforms and sending “scientifically convincing” emails to many scientists, predatory publishers have gone global. One recent research claims that there are about 8,000 active "predatory journals," publishing roughly 400,000 research articles a year, which brings about 150-250 million US Dollars a year for the scammers! This abnormal publication explores various resources, and even researches including lab animals used in studies, and patient data can be easily published in predatory journals, without being asked for any ethical standards. In this talk, we gonna make hints about the hidden dangers of publishing in predatory journals, and we make notices on how to recognize a potential predatory journals.

Keywords

Invited speaker lecture

Adverse drug interactions in dental practice

Faculty of medical sciences , University “ Goce Delcev”- Stip Abstract

Introduction: Rapid advancement in dental pharmacotherapy requires clinicians constantly to update their knowledge of

drug-interactions. Adrenergic vasoconstrictors are used by dentists to increase the activity of local anaesthetics and to control local bleeding. Although commonly considered safe for these applications, vasoconstrictors can participate in drug interactions that potentially are harmful to patients. Use of antibiotics is an integral part of dental practice. While these agents are generally considered safe in the dental setting, their use may result in interactions with other drugs that patients are taking for various medical conditions.The use of local anaesthetics, sedatives or anxiolytic drugs in combination with other central nervous system depressants or in combination with drugs that inhibit their metabolism can be associated with serious adverse drug interactions.

Methods: An electronic search of all literature published until December 2017, was made in Medline/Pubmed and specific

web pages devoted to dentistry.

Results: Potentially serious adverse drug interactions involving adrenergic vasoconstrictors and antibioticscan occur in dental practice. In most circumstances, careful administration of small doses of vasoconstrictors will permit these drugs to be used with no risk.It is particularly important dentists to be aware of the potentially serious interactions of the antibiotics erythromycin, clarithromycin and metronidazolewith other drugs whose metabolism is impaired by these antibiotics.The

adverse drug interactions associated with the use of local anaesthetics and oral sedative/anxiolytic agents in general practice vary in significance.

Conclusion: An understanding of possible adverse drug interactions in dentistry may help practitioners avoid and prevent

complications.

Keywords

The importance of the dental profile in forensic dentistry

Doc.dr Mirjana Bošković, Prof.dr Saša Stanković

Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of medical sciences, University of Niš, Republic of Serbia

Abstract

The man has 32 permanent teeth, each of these teeth having 5 surfaces or edges, which are 160 surfaces and edges with general morphological characteristics. In addition to the general morphological characteristics, there are also specific characteristics, but also anomalies, traumas, dental interventions in terms of treatment and adulthood. The number of combinations of these factors is enormous. This leads us to conclude that the dental profile of each one of us is unique and unrepeatable. In everyday life we do not think about this fact, but in extraordinary situations, it is sometimes our only way of finding someone or unfortunately identifying us.

Based on the dental profile, it is much easier to discover the age of the victim, the sex, the race, and the other parts of the body, because the teeth are the strongest and most important tissues in the body of a person who remain stable after the effects of time, water or temperature.

Since the teeth are not exposed, they are already protected by faces and tongue, but also the very structure of the enamel, cement and dentin are suitable for various tests, especially for DNA testing. Inside the sclerosized dentinal canals, the DNA is closed and almost hermetically protected from external influences.

Whether we need a very small amount of DNA stored in the tooth to be analyzed by the PCR technique or to help us at least one remaining tooth in the body to identify the victim, to assess whether some injuries are severe or easy, we come to the conclusion that the field of forensic dentistry takes more and more attention.

Keywords

Invited speaker lecture

The importance of oral hygiene for the longevity of dental implants

Olivera Terzieva-Petrovska

Faculty of medical sciences, University “ Goce Delcev”- Stip

Abstract

Starting with the fact that the number of patients treated with dental implants is growing and continues to grow, dentists must accept the challenges of maintaining these sometimes complex restorations. Proper monitoring and maintenance of the implants in is essential to ensure the longevity of the dental implant and its suprastructure through a combination of proper professional care, evaluation of the condition of the dental implants on regular check-ups and effective oral hygiene of the patient. The use of conventional periodonic parameters for the assessment of peri-implant health is not fully defined and can not be incorporated into everyday dental practice.Patients must accept responsibility for maintaining the implant, so the patient selection process should take into account the readiness of the patient to maintain the device and restoration.Dental plaque not only leads to gingivitis and periodontitis, but can also cause the development of peri-implantitis. Thus, personal oral hygiene must begin at the time of placement of dental implants and should involve the use of various remedies to remove the changed morphology of the peri-implant region before, during and after implant placement. During the visit, the dental professionals should concentrate on the peri-implant tissue margin, the implant body, the prosthetic connection of the implant and the prosthetic suprastructure. Clinical examination for the presence of signs of inflammation (bleeding on probing), exudate, mobility and increased sulcus depth, and the radiographic evaluation of the peri-implant area still remain as a standard approach for evaluating the

status of the implants themselves.

Keywords

Digital Vs. analog x-ray images and their application in dentistry then and now

Kiro Papakoca

Faculty of medical sciences, University “Goce Delcev” – Shtip

Abstract

Introduction: The purpose of this presentation will be the focus of today's digitalization era, which is increasingly present in

dental medicine in general, as well as in each of its fields individually. Clinical use of X-ray imaging is featured in dental practice in almost every clinic and is an indispensable part of everyday life.

Material and method: The function and condition of the patient in our study will be able to evaluate and take any therapy if

we have accurate clinical, paraclinical and x-ray analyzes that will be made before any dental treatment is performed. All X-ray techniques will certainly be discussed, presenting them and all their applications in every area of dentistry. Beginning with oral surgery and implantology, then orthodontics, periodontics, endodontics, etc.

Results: The next generations of X-ray machines, which are updated every day, will give the detail in every segment that is not

interested in and on which dental therapy should be done. Opportunity to obtain an accurate diagnosis immediately, by performing a dental treatment with maximum precision, is only part of the benefits of using modern methods of digital X-ray imaging.

Conclusion: Benefits that our patients nowadays, using computed tomography or 3D X-rays, are huge, because for a very short

time interval we get a very precise and clear picture of the condition of the dentition in each one. With the use of new and modern appliances, the radiation is reduced to a minimum, both for the patient and the therapistthat controls those X-ray machines.

Key words

Invited speaker lecture

Implantology vs. Periodontology

Mihajlo Petrovski

Faculty of medical sciences, University “ Goce Delcev”-Stip

Abstract

Dental implantology as one of the most modern dental disciplines possesses numerous “touching zones” with periodontology. Periodontology is a dental specialty responsable for prevention, diagnosis and treatment of diseases affecting the periodontal tissues or their substitutes, such as dental implants (i.e. peri-implant tissues) and is also concerned with the maintenance of the health, function and esthetics of these structures and tissues. For one successful endosseous-type dental implant, in addition to the osseointegration, is neccecary to achieve perimucosal seals of the various soft tissue layers adjacent to the implant surface. The presence of an adequate zone of attached keratinized periimplant gingiva, as a part of the periodoncium, may be essential for maintenance of peri-implant health, prevention of gingival recession, and establishment of stable levels of the connective tissue and alveolar bony attachments. That is why,a failure to obtain or maintain this perimucosal seal may result in loss of connective tissue adhesion, and implant loss.

After the successful osseointegration of an endosseous dental implant, the health of the periimplant tissues and subsequent health and longevity of dental implants are dependent from the ability of the soft-tissue interface of the implantretained prosthesis to protect against repeated attacks from the bacteria of the dental plaque. It is important for clinicians to understand that there are both similarities and differences between the soft-tissue attachment of natural teeth and dental implants.

Also one of the most important factors for the longevity of dental implants is adequate oral hygiene and the existence of periodontal health. Therefore, an inviolable rule to follow, is first to eliminate any disease in the periodontium before placement of dental implants.

Keywords

Cleaning and shaping using rotary endodontic instruments

Lidija Popovska

Faculty of dentistry, University “Sv. Kiril and Metodij”-Skopje, Macedonia

Abstract

Since the beginning of modern endodontics, there have been numerous concepts, strategies and techniques for instrumenting root canals. Successful performance of endodontic procedures traditionally has been achieved by manipulation of hand instruments made of stainless steel within the root canal space. Innovation of nickel-titanium rotary root canal instruments lead to dramatically improved root canal instrumentation. These instruments are replacing the conventional hand file systems to enhance shaping ability of the canal, reduce clinical mishaps like blocks, ledges, transportations and perforations.

It was reported that the NiTi instruments had two to three times the elastic flexibility and greater resistance to torsion fractures than conventional stainless steel and said to be capable of withstanding 1000% more stress than conventional stainless steel. Today there are plenty of rotary systems and each system has its own advantages and disantvantages; so the dentists should be familiar with their own rotary systems. The dentist has an alternative to determine which system best fits their individual needs and their level of experience to provide the best possible endodontic care for our patients.

The information in these lecture is intended to help students better understand when and how to use NiTi rotary shaping instruments. Lecture will enhance clinical performance for everyone who intends to perform root canal preparation procedures regardless of which instruments are chosen and the techniques employed during their utilization. The guidelines for successful access and the concepts and strategies for canal preparation will be also discussed.

Keywords

Invited speker lecture

Assessing the caries risk factors among children at the age from 4-5 using the

Cariogram program

Alimani-Jakupi Jetmire

Faculty of Medical Sciences, Dentistry, SUT-Tetovo, Macedonia

Abstract

The Cariogram is a new concept, primarily evolved as an educative model, focused towards simple presentation of the numerous factors which cause dental caries.For the realization of this research, we defined and accomplished the goal, which was based on the assessment of the dental caries risk profiles, in examinees with primary teeth, using the Cariogram model.

The research is carried out in a longitudinal study, that lasted 2 years, in which we included 60 examinees at a preschool age, from 4 -5 years (31 male and 29 male). The following was done in every examinee: clinical detection of the dental health; assessment of the diet-lactobacillus in the saliva; assessment of the oral hygiene index (OHI); assessment of the frequency of meals; assessment of the flow rate of the 'stimulated' saliva; assessment of the buffering capacity of the saliva; assessment of the clinical evaluation of the examiner. After finishing the clinical and laboratorial examinations, the results were applied in the Cariogram program, from which we got data about the caries risk level for every examinee, and then we got recommendations about application of specific preventive measures.

The results of the descriptive statistics and the carried out analysis of the analyzed dental caries risk factors for the dmft and the caries risk factors, show that the average value of the dmft in the first year of the examination varied in the interval from 2,31±0,62 and the average value of the dmft index during the second year of the study varied in the interval from 2,88±0,39; the quantity of Lactobacillus in the saliva varied in the interval from 1,41±0,50 CFU/ml; the average frequency of having meals varied in the interval from 1,94±0,43; the average value of the plaque index varied in the interval from 1,45±0,50; the average value of Streptococcus Mutans in the saliva varied in the interval from 2,55±0,50 CFU/ml; the average value of administering fluoride was in the interval from 1,22±0,42; the average value of the buffering capacity of the saliva varied in the interval from 0,80±0,41; the opinion and the assessment of the examiner varied in the interval from 1,41±0,57. The results of the Mann-Whitney U Test (Z=0,51) and p>0,05 (p=0,61) for the dental caries risk profiles in the first year compared to the value of the same test in the second year of the study, showed that there was no statistical significance.

The assessment of the dental caries risk is a very important clinical step, especially when we use the Cariogram model, which in many ways can lead us to the use of specific preventive measures.

Keywords

CAD/CAM Systems-the basis of modern dental prosthetics

Pavle Apostoloski

Faculty of medical sciences, University “Goce Delcev”-Stip

Abstract

Dental Laboratory CAD/CAM Systems enable a laboratory to produce high-quality fabrications from single crowns to long span bridges. CAD/CAM systems include digital scanning, digital design software and a production system which is usually a dental mill. Depending on the CAD/CAM system chosen, various materials may be used including zirconia, titanium, aluminum oxide, gold or other precious metals, ceramics, resins, waxes and more. A CAD/CAM system can allow faster production of dental restorations, as well as parts for implant cases, removables and other products the dental lab produces. In order to realize the best return on your technology investment, it is important to be properly trained and to put the new workflows to use right away so they become an integral part of your lab operations. Process of production

• The dental impression or the dental cast is placed inside the scanner. The scanner creates the digital impression.

• Dentists can also use intraoral scanners to make a digital impression directly without any impression materials.

• Specific clinical information is entered into the computer. The desired restoration is designed by the main software and the

required data is sent to the milling machine.

• The milling machine carves it out of a solid block of zirconium, ceramic or composite according to the information received.

• If zirconium restorations or frames are manufactured, after milling, the zirconium core is placed inside special furnaces at high

temperatures (1500 degrees Celsius or 2730 Fahrenheit) for 9 hours. This operation aims to increase the tensile strength of zirconium.

• After completion, the structure is sent to the dental office for fitting.

Advantages

• High accuracy.CAD/CAM systems, especially the newly developed, are highly accurate. It is estimated that the system has a margin

of error of less than 20 microns.

• Restorations can be completed in less time.Conventional prosthesis, such as crowns or bridges, have temporaries placed from one

to several weeks while a dental laboratory produces the restoration.

Designed to provide a seamless workflow, in some cases, CAD/CAM systems allow practitioners to provide patients with crowns, inlays, onlays and veneers in a single appointment.

Keywords

Author: Stefanija Stojanova, Co-author: Stefani Joveva Mentor: Darko Kocovski, Co-mentor: Katerina Zlatanovska

Faculty of Medical Sciences, University “Goce Delcev” – Stip.

Abstract

Introduction: Smiling is the best make up; white smile makes us feel better and the people around us. Metal free ceramics is

one of the solutions for a “Hollywood smile” that we all wish.

Aim: The aim of this case report was to show our management of smile design with metal free ceramics.

Case report: A 32 years old female patient visit our clinic searching for solution for his unsatisfactory smile appearance.

Thought clinical examination tooth discoloration after root canal treatment, caries and discolored tooth were found. We explain the whole procedure for all the solutions that could solve the problem. Metal free ceramics (zirconium) dental crown was chose as the best solution at the moment. A preparation on the four frontal teeth was made. Impressions were taken and sent to the laboratory where four crowns were made. After try-in the crowns were cemented with total etch technique by light curing cement. After one year follow-up there were no signs of changes in the crowns.

Conclusion: Metal free ceramics systems offer a promising alternative for the aesthetic restoration of anterior teeth, clinical

evaluations showed high success rates.

Keywords

Modified Direct Composite Resin Bonded Bridge

Author: Aleksandar Andreevski1_{, Co-author: Natasha Longurova}2

Mentor: Ivona Kovachevska2

1 _{PZU „AA DENTAL“ - Str. Cane Vasilev N. 3, Bitola, Macedonia} 2 _{University “GoceDelcev” Štip, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Dental Medicine}

Abstract

Introduction.Patient came to our clinic for treatment after losing left central lower incisor seeking a solution for this newly

occurred aesthetic problem. After examining the patient, a resin bonded bridge was proposed as treatment option due to the aesthetics that it provides and the minimally invasive technique performed.

Case Description.A full mouth ultrasonic scaling was conducted prior to the treatment for optimal conditions. The adjacent

teeth were etched with 37 % phosphoric acid for 60 seconds. After etching the teeth were rinsed and kept dry for the entire treatment. On the etched surface a 7-th generation bond was applied and polymerized following adaptation off the splint and bonding it to the surface on the adjacent teeth. Tooth like structure was build around the fiber glass tape with a micro-hybrid composite resin. The treatment ended with finishing and polishing the structure as well as instructions for the patient on how to maintain the resin bonded bridge.

Discussion.Should the indications be right, a resin bonded bridge enforced with glass fiber tape can be proposed as an

aesthetic treatment option when a tooth is missing in the anterior region. The key roles for the longevity off this structure will be played by the adhesion that provides the 7-th generation bond and the glass fiber’s strength.

Conclusion/clinical significance.To present the general dental practitioner an alternative option for replacing missing

anterior teeth conducting minimally invasive technique.

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Author: Andrej Stojanovski, Co-author: Artion Abdiju Mentor: Vera Stojanovska

Faculty of dentistry, Europian University, Skopje

Abstract

One of the real breakthrough in restorative dentistry has been the development of resin- based composite technology. Today composite resins have widely dominated the field of aesthetic dentistry for both anterior and posterior restorations. Yet, polymerization shrinkage and low strength are considered as one of the most challenging problem in the application of dental composite in restorative techniques and it has been a topic of exploration to develop low shrinkage dental composite resins over past decades. A major hault in developing low shrinkage dental composite materials is their inferior mechanical properties to clinical use. The high demand for improved aesthetic restorations has led to the development of several new restorative materials which exist in today’s market. Recently, nanocomposites materials utilizing nanofillers are being used extensively to produce restorative materials with improved adhesive, aesthetics and mechanical properties compared to earlier composites. The goal of this article is to review improved properties and clinical applications of nanocomposites in restorative dentistry.

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Management of post-operative complications during maxillary teeth extraction

Author: Aleksandra Miteva, Co-author: Zlatko Maksimov Mentor: Cena Dimova

Faculty of medical sciences, Univesity “ Goce Delcev”-Stip

Abstract

Introduction: During maxillary teeth extractions, variety of complications can occur which can significantly affect the

post-operative healing period and patient’s life in general.

Aim: The main aim was to discuss some of the most common complications that clinicians encounter during dental extractions

and proper management of the potential complications associated with the procedure.

Materials and methods: To achieve the aim, variety of materials and methods have been used in order to appropriately

manage the complications. The following materials and methods were used: ligature and resorptive sutures in arterial bleeding, ice packs and steroids in post-op swelling, Caldwell – Luc procedure in cases of tooth root in maxillary sinus etc.

Results: With the previously noted methods, we have achieved successful control over the complications. For example, use of

steroids decreases swelling in post-op day 3-4 to completely disappear by day 10.

Conclusion: Several common post-operative complications of dental extractions have been discussed here, and their

etiologies and managements explored. It’s our hope that the practitians will be more prepared to manage this kind of complications which often occur in daily practice.

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Author: Zlatko Maksimov, Co-author:Aleksandra Miteva Mentor:Cena Dimova

Faculty of medical sciences, University “Goce Delcev”- Stip

Abstract

Introduction.Complications that can occur after wisdom tooth extraction can significantly impair quality of life and also

prolong the healing period after the extraction.

Aim. The main aim was to determine how the surgical removal of impacted lower third molar affects the postoperative healing

and qualityof life. Determination of the most common complications that impair healing and quality of life was done.

Material and method.To realize the aim, 10 subjects aged were included. In order to observe the most common

complications of the subjects were called for checkup. Among subjects check-ups were performed in the first, second, seventh and tenth day after the intervention. During the examination by the subjects noted the presence of pain, bleeding, discomfort, difficulty in opening of the mouth, swelling and redness.

Results. The largest number of respondents aged 18-22 years. The most common complications occurred in the first day were

postoperative pain, followed by trismus, then postoperative appearance of swelling and finally bleeding. In a study observed that as time passes the number of persons who are present complications decreases.

Conclusion. Based on the collected data and subsequent analysis can be concluded that because of the high incidence of

complications, they affect the daily life and hence a violation of the quality of life of people.

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Invastigation of anesthethic eficacy of modified intraoral conduction mandibular technique by

angulated needle

Author:Kristina Burić Mentor: Miloš Tijanić

Clinic of dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš Abstract

Introduction: Dental interventions have become much more acceptable for patients, due to the possibility of eliminating the pain during the intervention.

The Aim: Examination of the success in performance of modified mandibular conduction anesthesia by angulated needle. Material and Methods: The study groups consisted of male and female patients, age range from 18-75, without contraindications for receiving mandibular anesthesia. In the first group of patients (26 patients), standard indirect conduction mandibular anesthesia (SMA) was applied, whereas in the second group (26 patients), the modified conduction mandibular anesthesia with the usage of angulated needle (MMA) was applied. The evaluated parameters were: the number of stings for complete anesthesia, complications during and after application of anesthesia, quantity of anesthetic, appearance of onset symptoms, duration of anesthesia, duration of analgesia, duration of the surgery. The evaluation of the pain was measured with the use of combined scale that consisted of numerical and descriptive scale for determination the intensity of pain.

Results: In this study the appearance of onset symptoms is on average 3 minutes. Duration of anesthesia within SMA technique is 145 minutes, whereas duration of anesthesia within MMA technique is 217 minutes. Duration of analgesia within SMA is 147 minutes, whereas duration of analgesia within MMA is 224 minutes. Average rating of intensity of pain within SMA is 5, whereas the average rating of intensity of pain within MMA is 2. The anesthesia was successful at 62.5% in the first group (SMA), while it was successful at 90.61% in the second group (MMA).

Conclusion: The modified conduction mandibular anesthesia with the usage of angulated needle was more successful comparing to the indirect technique.

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Author: Dzemil Kurtagic, Co-author: Erkin Crnisanin, Lazar Dobric Mentor: Ana Pejcic

Clinic of dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš

Abstract

Introduction: Main etiological factors of teeth loss are tooth decay and periodontal disease. Many research works showed

that tooth decay is the most common cause of teeth loss, but by aging, the main reason of teeth loss is periodontal disease, regardless of race and sex.

Aim: With this research work we tested the prevalence of tooth extraction due to periodontal disease and their relation to the

factors such as age, sex and reason for the extraction of tooth (periodontal and non-periodontal reason) among the patients treated at Faculty of Medicine, Clinic of Dentistry, in Nis.

Material and methods: A hundred patients have taken part in this research work (50 male and 50 female), at the age from 20 to 75, in time interval of one year (October 2016 – September 2017). Reasons for the teeth extraction included age, sex and type of the extracted tooth for periodontal and non-periodontal reasons. The data were processed in SPSS 17.0 program package and statistical procedure was done by using ANOVA analysis and Hi - square test.

Results: Total of 709 permanent teeth were extracted for different reasons. Most of them (63.2%) were extracted from the periodontal reasons, 38.5% due to tooth decay, and 47.1% simultaneously due to tooth decay and periodontal disease, followed by root trauma, vertical fracture of root/crown, orthodontic reason, etc. The difference between extracted teeth due to periodontal and non – periodontal reasons was statistically significant (p<0.01). Maxillary and mandible molars were more often extracted for the periodontal reasons than the rest of the side teeth. The front teeth of both jaws were more often extracted because of periodontal reasons. Besides, the average number of extracted teeth from the periodontal reason was much higher because of the patients’ age.

Conclusion: Although the aim of WHO, when decreasing of tooth decay is being discussed, is achieved, the periodontal diseases are still the main reason for teeth extraction, so their percent continue to grow with the age of patients.

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The use of soft tissue laser in everyday modern dental practise

Author:Stefan Ilievski , Co- author: Spase Sulev Mentor: Kiro Papakoca, Co-mentor: Sonja Rogoleva

Faculty of Medicinal sciences, University “Goce Delcev”- Stip

Abstract

Introduction: Modern technology advances presented through high-tech appliances such as the laser, allows us to ideally perform a number of procedures, simply, quickly and with great success in the treatment itself. Dental diode soft tissue lasers allow classical surgery to be replaced by a more up-to-date solution.

Case Desciprition:In this survey we present three cases that are treated with a soft laser.

Case 1 –Gingival Hiperplasion: We made an evaluation of a 35-year-old patient with localized hyperplasia of the gingival tissue in the upper left quadrant of the premolar region. Conservative treatment did not showany successful results, therefore it was used laser removal of thehyperplasic tissue with a soft-touch laser with a wavelength of 810 nm, power (cw) of 5.0W using 400 μm fiber type enabled to obtain the desired results.

Case 2 –Dental crown elevation: In our second case we present a female patient to whom was performed elevation of crowns at the front teeth, followed by the determination and marking of the targeted tissue that is a subject to gingivectomydue to esthetic reasons. The procedure was performed with the same soft-touch laser.

Case 3 –Generalized chronic gingivitis

In the last case, a patient with generalized chronic gingivitis was evaluated, where conservative treatment combined with 0.3W power laser biostimulation in 15 treatments,for 35 days and exposure time of 20 seconds until the affected sidereached the desired result.

Conclussion: Diode lasers are modern devices capable of precisely correcting gingival tissue defects, while eliminating the bleeding in meantime and reducing the lasting of the patient's treatment. They also offer an anti-inflammatory effect, improve the local circulation and stimulate the overall healing process of the tissue.

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Author: Ordanka Kostova,Co-author: Sofija Gavrilova Mentor: Mihajlo Petrovski, Co-mentor: Olivera Terzieva- Petrovska

Faculty of Medical Sciences, University “Goce Delcev” - Stip, Republic of Macedonia

Abstract

The master plan incorporates a number of procedures in order to accomplish complete gingival and periodontal health, to gain a complete health which will be able to accept further procedures.

Preliminary phase, treatment of emergency - dental or periapical, periodontal acute inflammations, extraction of hopeless teeth and temporary replacement if required.

The first, ethiotropic phase consist: adequate plaque control, elimination of gingival inflammation, correction of prosthetic and conservative restorations, restoration of caries lesions, antimicrobial therapy, occlusal therapy and orthodontic procedures. The second, surgical phase consists: periodontal surgery or implant placement, and endodontic treatment.

The third, reconstructive phase consists: final restorations and fixed/mobile prosthesis.

The final, maintenance phase consists: individual instruction for a better oral hygiene, periodontal maintenance and permanent restorations.

Failure to eliminate periodontal disease results in loss of already affected teeth and shortens the lifespan of all other teeth. But with appropriate treatment they can serve as the basis for a healthy, functional dentition.

Durability of dental workings can be achieved with proper treatment planning. Jumping some of the steps can influence the final outcome.

Keywords

gingival health, periodontal health, periodontal treatment.

Dental Implant Planning using Cone Beam CT imaging

Author: Simona Coneva Mentor: Kiro Papakocha

Faculty of medical sciences, University “Goce Delcev”-Stip

Abstract

Purpose: To understand the indications and advantages for CBCT in dental implant planning.

Materials and methods: We took 20 patients who wanted to get involved in my research, we explained them the protocol for

implant planning using CBCT imaging and what includes the following.

Results: Cone-beam computed tomography provides numerous advantages for general dentistry and, in particular, for

implant therapy. A decisive feature is the detailed and accurate three-dimensional depiction of oral structures with a device that is located directly in the dental office and also ensures low patient dosage. Diagnostics, planning, making drilling guides and treating post-implant complications all benefit from this technology.

Conclusion: General radiologists receive little training in oral and maxillofacial imaging. The key aspects for assessing the

dento-maxillary structures for suitability for dental implant placement are: • Assessment of the remaining dentition • Bone height and width measurement • Bone quality measurement • To determine the long axis of alveolar bone • To identify and highlight normal anatomical landmarks • To detect any underlying pathology.

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Author: Monika Kashuba

Mentor: Katerina Zlatanovska, Co-menthor: NatasaLongurova

Faculty of medical science, University “GoceDelcev” -Stip

Abstract

Aim:Due to high aesthetic qualities, proven biocompatibility and prognosis for long term durability, porcelain veneers have

become a routine restorative procedure for treatment of frontal teeth. The aim of this study was to evaluate their use through the private dental offices in our country.

Materials and methods:Over 30 dental offices from different parts of Macedonia were included in the study. A specific

self-reported questionnaire to collect information from dental practitioners was also implemented in the study.Statistical analysis was performed by using paired sample t-test from Statistical software SPSS for Windows version 23. A p-value < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.

Results: We registered that a very small percentage of the dental offices use porcelain veneers, slightly greater number are

composite veneers, but most of the offices that were involved in our study did not made this kind of aesthetic restorations at all.

Conclusion: The study emphasize the poor use of these aesthetic restorations in our patients who focus more on aesthetics

than their dental health, and want to achieve aesthetic for a lower price without caring about the durability of that restoration.

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An assement of some psyhologica aspects in children undergoing dental interventions

Mentor: Olivera Sarakinova, Co-mentor: Emilija Kostadinovska Faculty of dentistry, European University, Skopje

Abstract

Background: Fear of the dentist and dental treatment is a common problem. It can cause treatment difficulties for the practitioner, as well as severe consequences for the patient.

Aim and methodology: The present study examined the psychological influence of dental interventions on the child as well as coping patterns used for stress diminution.

We examined two matched groups of patients: a) children with orthodontic problems (anomalies in shape, position and function of dentomaxillofacial structures) (N=31, mean age 10, 3 ± 2, 02) years; and b) children with ordinary dental problems (N= 31, mean age 10, 3 ± 2, 4 years)

As psychometric instruments we used: 45 items Sarason’s scale for anxiety, 20 items simple Stress-test adapted for children, as well as A- cope test for evaluation coping patterns.

Results: Obtained scores confirmed the presence of moderate anxiety in both groups as well as moderate stress level. For Sarason’s test obtained scores for the group with dental problems are 20, 63 ± 8, 37 (from max 45); and for Stress test 7, 63 ± 3, 45 (from max 20); for the orthodontic group obtained scores are 18, 66 ±6, 85 for Sarason’s test, while for the Stress test were 7, 76 ±3, 78. One way ANOVA confirmed significant difference in values of obtained scores related to the age and gender. Conclusion: this study confirmed that moderate stress level and anxiety are present in both groups of patients (orthodontic and dental). Obtained scores are depending on gender and age.

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Immediate loading of dental implants with hybrid bridge

Mentor: Velevski Dragoljub, Co-mentor: Dimova Cena Faculty of medical sciences, University “Goce Delcev”-Stip

Abstract

As a specialists in our field, in the clinical dental practice often we are faced with patients who have insufficient dentition. They lost their natural teeth in the oral cavity due to various justified or unjustified reasons. The remaining small number of teeth without proper treatment continues to persist and at the end of the destructive process they are irreversibly lost.

In interest of the patient oral health and the real need of rehabilitation of this functional disability, it is necessary to reconstruct the lost dentition.

In spite of the numerous choices of combined partial denture and classic complete denture as a treatment of edentulous jaws, lately there are many modern therapies for practical solution of such a problem. One of them, which is often used in world trends, is the hybrid prosthesis (multi unit prosthesis) that represents a fixed - mobile denture over implants.

The hybrid prosthesis resembles the classical prosthesis externally, but apart from it, it is suprastructure fixed with nuts. It is exclusively retested on several osteointegrated implants placed in the alveolar ridge. There is a minimal mild tangential contact between it and the soft tissues of the alveolar ridge. There is a practical possibility to remove it whenever is needed, weather it is for hygiene reasons or corrections.

This type of denture as a reasonable choice is firmly fixed on the implants and quickly establishes repair of the defect. It provides long lasting preventive and functional aesthetic harmony in the mouth of the handicapped patients.

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Author: Marija Dejkoska, Co- author: Stefan Ilievski Mentor: Sonja Rogoleva, Co-mentor: Ljupka Lazarova

Faculty of Medical sciences, University “Goce Delcev”- Stip

Abstract

Introduction: One of the methods for making a temporary dental bridge is using the special glass-fiber EverStick tapes.

Although this is considered as a temporary solution, the practice has shown that its hardness and efficiency offers its using for a very long period of time. EverStick tapes can be used for upgrading the frontal tooth, also we can use them for teeth stabilization such as an orthodontic retainer, for temporary upgrade of a side tooth etc.

Case Description: An evaluation of a 27 years old patient due to tooth loss in the frontal region was performed. This loss

refers to an upper left lateral incisor, what affected not just the patient's chewing function, but also his aesthetic as well. The patient was looking for the fastest possible solution, replacing a tooth for one day, and this was achieved with the help of EverStick. Setting up the tape itself is quick and simple. After its adaptation with the help of a liquid composite, the tooth was created using the Gradia® _{composite restorative materials.}

Discussion: The flexibility of the tape, its light adaptation, and its ability to obtain high strength and resistance under the

polymerization light make it ideal solution in other situations where it is certainly a priority to preserve and to strengthen the teeth. In a large number of cases, this tape offers a quick and a simple solution.

Conclusion: The use of the EverStick tape as a modern solution for creating adhesive bridge construction in cases with tooth

loss, provides an excellent temporary results, but the aesthetic moment that is achieved and also the hardness of the tapes have proven that this solution can be ideal even for a longer periods of time.

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Oral health related quality of life in patients with removable dentures

Author:Tatjana Lazareva, Co-author: Anastasija Spasova Mentor: Darko Kocovski, Co-mentor: Katerina Zlatanovska

Faculty of Medical Sciences, University “Goce Delcev” – Stip

Abstract

Introduction: Removable partial dentures are complex devices that results with difficulty in the patient's functioning. The

purpose of the study was to determinate the quality of life of patients with different types of removable partial dentures.

Material and Methods: This study included 80 respondents from Radovish. They were divided into 3 groups from which

group B was divided into 2 subgroups, group A - patients treated with acrylic (classical) partial dentures, group B1 - patients treted with cast partial dentures with cast clasps, B2 - patients treated with cast partial dentures retinated with attachments, group C - patients treated with flexible partial dentures. For the purposes of this study, a questionnaire was made for the quality of life of patients: anamnestic data, data on physical, social and physiological disability, functional limitations, physical pain and personal satisfaction of the patient. An intraoral and extraoral examination was also performed. Patients were examined 1 year after treatment.

Results: All patients show a increase of personal satisfaction. Patients from subgroup B2 and group C show at least the

adverse effects of wearing their dentures. Group A and subgroup B1 show the most of the adverse effects primarily in terms of functional limitation and physical pain.

Conclusion: In general, the quality of life is improved with removable partial dentures, depending on the type of prosthetic

device at a higher or lower level.

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Author: Emre Gulbahar, Co-author: Lidija Angova Mentor: Apostoloski Pavle, Co-mentor: Kiril Mitevski

Faculty of medical sciences, University “Goce Delcev”- Stip

Abstract

Researchers all over the world are very busy developing 3D printers that we will be able to use for many applications and (for now) in unimaginable ways. With the speed of developing increasing at an exponential rate, those developments are seemingly around the corner. In the dental technology world, engineers are coming close developing a 3D printer that will be able to print a complete denture, including both the resin base and the teeth. There is a lot to be excited about in the dental industry.It is considered a rapid technology because it eliminates several laborious steps used in conventional dental technology techniques and it takes nearly the same amount of time to produce one object or many. Therefore, its efficiency is enhanced by printing multiple units and relying upon the economies of scale. The objects the printer can produce for the laboratory include models (casts), crown and bridge resin burnout patterns for casting or pressing ceramics, temporary crowns, surgical guides, splints, partial denture framework patterns, custom impression trays, and more. With proper settings, it can consistently produce resin products of stunning accuracy and detail, especially when compared with subtractive milling technology. Conventional dental technology is subject to a high degree of inaccuracy, costly labor, and even more expensive materials. Making these objects not only requires a considerable amount of time, but also a highly skilled technician with a complete understanding of the process. And, last but not least, researchers at Wake Forest University in North Carolina say they have created a 3D printer that can produce organs, tissues, and bones that could theoretically be implanted into living humans. Using some of the same methods we are using to print today these researchers are laying down layers of human cells. They have printed out an ear-shaped piece of cartilage, a muscle, and a piece of a jawbone. BioPrinting is truly ground breaking. We may be a few years from printing the final restoration and even farther than that from printing a replacement jaw, but as the above research suggests we may be there sooner than we think.

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Identification and most common problems in dental impressions

Author: Jane Nacevski, Co- author: Olivera Cekova Mentor: Katerina Zlatanovska, Co-mentor: Darko Kocovski

Faculty of Medical Sciences, University “Goce Delcev” – Stip

Abstract

Introduction: Dental impression is one of the most important steps in manufacture of fixed prosthetics.Clinicians must

carefully identify and correct the potential complications that could affect the final restoration fabricated from the impressions.

Aim: The aim of this study is to emphasize the most common difficulties, which factors may cause errors and to present

methods to correct and avoid such complications.

Material and Methods: To achieve this research we used the appropriate literature and guides which explaining the

problems with dental impressions.

Results: The most common problems with dental impressions found in the literature were: inadequate margin details,

internal bubbles, drags and pulls, marginal tears, tray selection, separation from the tray, tray distortion, inadequate syringe material, dual arch trays, surface contamination, inadequate impression material mixing, cast discrepancies and others. There is a solution for every problem that affects the dental impression.Ten Golden Rules are known for perfect impressions: to choose appropriate tray/wash material, to ensure adequate retraction, thoroughly to apply tray adhesive, assure a uniform and homogeneous mix, using gloves, to keep the tip immersed, slowly insert the loaded tray, when removing the tray, check preparation margins and to disinfect the impression properly.

Conclusion: This article addressed the problems and solutions for correction on the most prevalent impression defects

experienced in clinical practice. By taking the necessary precautions to avoid damaged impressions, clinicians can give their patients a better dental work.

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Author: Manuel Stoimenov

Mentor: Ljupka Lazarova; Co-mentor: Sonja Rogoleva

Faculty of medical sciences, University “Goce Delcev” – Shtip

Abstract

The aim of this study was to demonstrate the use of a fixed and mobile prosthetic supplement combined, to compensate

retention elements, improve the stability of the prosthesis, better aesthetic appearance, better hygiene, periodontal protection and better caries protection.

For this purpose, three fixed combinated prosthesis were set up to two different patients and were monitored for a certain period and compared with other patients who only had a fixed or mobile prosthesis.

The conclusion is that capacities with combined fixed-line prosthetics benefits have a lower strain on natural teeth. Common accessories connect the bridge and the partial prosthesis. This link is invisible that provides a good aesthetic result. The mobile prosthetic can be removed and maintained.

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