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Croscarmellose Sodium

Croscarmellose Sodium

1 Nonproprietary Names 1 Nonproprietary Names BP: Croscarmellose sodium BP: Croscarmellose sodium

PhEur: Carmellosum natricum conexum PhEur: Carmellosum natricum conexum USPNF: Croscarmellose sodium

USPNF: Croscarmellose sodium 2 Synonyms

2 Synonyms  Ac-Di-Sol

 Ac-Di-Sol; crosslinked carboxymethylcellulose sodium;; crosslinked carboxymethylcellulose sodium;Explocel;; modified cellulose gum;Explocel modified cellulose gum;Nymcel ZSXNymcel ZSX;;PharmacelPharmacel XL

XL;;PrimellosePrimellose;;SolutabSolutab;;VivasolVivasol..

3 Chemical Name and CAS Registry Number

3 Chemical Name and CAS Registry NumberCellulose,Cellulose, carboxymethyl ether, sodium salt, crosslinked

carboxymethyl ether, sodium salt, crosslinked [74811-65-7][74811-65-7] 4 Empirical Formula and Molecular Weight

4 Empirical Formula and Molecular Weight

Croscarmellose sodium is a crosslinked polymer of carboxymethylcellul

Croscarmellose sodium is a crosslinked polymer of carboxymethylcellul oseose sodium.sodium. See

SeeCarboxymethylcellulose sodium.Carboxymethylcellulose sodium. 5 Structural Formula

5 Structural Formula See

SeeCarboxymethylcellulose sodium.Carboxymethylcellulose sodium. 6 Functional Category

6 Functional Category

Tablet and capsule disintegrant. Tablet and capsule disintegrant.

7 Applications in Pharmaceutical Formulation 7 Applications in Pharmaceutical Formulation or Technology

or Technology

Croscarmellose sodium is used in oral

Croscarmellose sodium is used in oral pharmaceutical formulationspharmaceutical formulations as a disintegrant for capsules,as a disintegrant for capsules,(1,2)(1,2)tablets,tablets,(3(3––13)13)

and

and granules.granules. In tablet formulations, croscarmellose sodium may be usedIn tablet formulations, croscarmellose sodium may be used in both direct-compression and wet-in both direct-compression and wet-granulation processes.

granulation processes. When used in wet granulations, the croscarmellose sodiumWhen used in wet granulations, the croscarmellose sodium should be added in both theshould be added in both the wet and dry stages of the process

wet and dry stages of the process (intra- and extragranularly) so that the wicking and swelling(intra- and extragranularly) so that the wicking and swelling ability of theability of the disintegrant is best utilized.

disintegrant is best utilized.(11,12)(11,12)CroscarmelloseCroscarmellose sodium at concentrations up to 5% w/w may be sodium at concentrations up to 5% w/w may be used as a tabletused as a tablet

disintegrant, although normally 2% w/w is used in tablets

disintegrant, although normally 2% w/w is used in tablets prepared by direct compression and 3% w/w in tabletsprepared by direct compression and 3% w/w in tablets prepared by a wet-granulation process.

prepared by a wet-granulation process.

8 Description 8 Description

Croscarmellose sodium occurs as an odorless, white or grayishwhite

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9 Pharmacopeial Specifications 9 Pharmacopeial Specifications See

SeeTable II.Table II. Table II:

Table II: Pharmacopeial specificatPharmacopeial specifications for ions for croscarcroscarmellose sodium.mellose sodium.

10 Typical Properties 10 Typical Properties  Acidity/alkalinity:

 Acidity/alkalinity:pH = 5.0pH = 5.0––7.0 in aqueous dispersions.7.0 in aqueous dispersions. Bonding index:

Bonding index:0.04560.0456 Brittle fracture index:

Brittle fracture index:0.10000.1000 Density (bulk):

Density (bulk):0.529 g/cm0.529 g/cm33forfor Ac-Di-Sol Ac-Di-Sol(7)(7)

Density (tapped):

Density (tapped):0.819 g/cm0.819 g/cm33forfor Ac-Di-Sol Ac-Di-Sol(7)(7)

Density (true):

Density (true):1.543 g/cm1.543 g/cm33forfor Ac-Di-Sol Ac-Di-Sol(7)(7)

Particle size distribution: Particle size distribution:  Ac-Di-Sol

 Ac-Di-Sol: not more than 2% retained on a : not more than 2% retained on a #200 (73.7#200 (73.7mmm)m) mesh and not more than 10% retained on

mesh and not more than 10% retained on a #325 (44.5a #325 (44.5mmm)m) mesh.mesh. Pharmacel XL

Pharmacel XL: more than 90% less than 45: more than 90% less than 45 mmm, and morem, and more than 98% less than 100

than 98% less than 100 mmm in size.m in size. Solubility:

Solubility:insoluble in water, although croscarmellose sodiuminsoluble in water, although croscarmellose sodium rapidly swells to 4rapidly swells to 4––8 times its original volume on8 times its original volume on contact

contact with water. Practically insoluble in acetone, ethanol andwith water. Practically insoluble in acetone, ethanol and toluene.toluene.Specific surface area:Specific surface area:0.810.81––0.83m0.83m22 /g /g

11 Stability and Storage Conditions 11 Stability and Storage Conditions Croscarmellose sodium is a stable though

Croscarmellose sodium is a stable though hygroscopic material.hygroscopic material. A model tablet formulation prepared by direct compression, A model tablet formulation prepared by direct compression, with croscarmellose sodium as a disintegrant, showed no with croscarmellose sodium as a disintegrant, showed no significant difference in drug dissolution after storage at 30 significant difference in drug dissolution after storage at 3088CC for 14 months.

for 14 months.(9)(9)

Croscarmellose sodium should be stored in a well-closed Croscarmellose sodium should be stored in a well-closed container in a cool, dry place.

container in a cool, dry place. 12 Incompatibilities

12 Incompatibilities

The efficacy of disintegrants, such as croscarmellose sodium,

The efficacy of disintegrants, such as croscarmellose sodium, may be slightly reduced in tablet formulationsmay be slightly reduced in tablet formulations prepared by

prepared by either the wet-granulation or direct-compression process thateither the wet-granulation or direct-compression process that contain hygroscopic excipients such ascontain hygroscopic excipients such as sorbitol.

sorbitol.(10)(10)Croscarmellose sodium is not compatible with strong acidsCroscarmellose sodium is not compatible with strong acids or with soluble salts of ior with soluble salts of iron and some otherron and some other

metals such as

metals such as aluminum, mercury, and zinc.aluminum, mercury, and zinc. 13 Method of Manufacture

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Alkali cellulose is prepared by steeping cellulose, obtained from

Alkali cellulose is prepared by steeping cellulose, obtained from wood pulp or cotton fibers, in sodium hydroxidewood pulp or cotton fibers, in sodium hydroxide solution. The

solution. The alkali cellulose is alkali cellulose is then reacted with sodium monochloroacetatethen reacted with sodium monochloroacetate to obtain carboxymethylcelluloseto obtain carboxymethylcellulose sodium. After the substitution

sodium. After the substitution reaction is completed and all of reaction is completed and all of the sodium hydroxide hasthe sodium hydroxide has been used, the excessbeen used, the excess sodium monochloroacetate slowly

sodium monochloroacetate slowly hydrolyzes to glycolic acid. The glycolic acid changes a fehydrolyzes to glycolic acid. The glycolic acid changes a fe w of w of the sodiumthe sodium carboxymethyl groups to the free acid and catalyzes

carboxymethyl groups to the free acid and catalyzes the formation of crosslinks to the formation of crosslinks to produce croscarmelloseproduce croscarmellose sodium.

sodium. The croscarmellose sodium is then extracted with aquThe croscarmellose sodium is then extracted with aqu eouseous alcohol and any remaining sodium chloride alcohol and any remaining sodium chloride oror sodium glycolate

sodium glycolate is removed. After purification, croscarmellose sodium of purityis removed. After purification, croscarmellose sodium of purity greater than 99.5% is obtained.greater than 99.5% is obtained.(4)(4)

The croscarmellose sodium

The croscarmellose sodium may be milled to break the polymer fibers into may be milled to break the polymer fibers into shorter lengthsshorter lengths and hence improve itsand hence improve its flow properties.

flow properties. 14 Safety 14 Safety

Croscarmellose sodium is mainly used as a disintegrant in oral

Croscarmellose sodium is mainly used as a disintegrant in oral pharmaceutical formulations and is generallypharmaceutical formulations and is generally regarded as an

regarded as an essentially nontoxic and nonirritant essentially nontoxic and nonirritant material. However, oralmaterial. However, oral consumption of large amounts ofconsumption of large amounts of croscarmellose sodium may

croscarmellose sodium may have a laxative effect, although the quantities used in solidhave a laxative effect, although the quantities used in solid dosage formulations aredosage formulations are unlikely to cause such problems.

unlikely to cause such problems. In the UK, croscarmellose sodium is accepted for use In the UK, croscarmellose sodium is accepted for use inin dietary supplements.dietary supplements. TheThe WHO has not specified an acceptable daily i

WHO has not specified an acceptable daily i ntake forntake for the related substance carboxymethylcellulose sodium, usedthe related substance carboxymethylcellulose sodium, used as a

as a food additive, since the levels necessary to achieve a desiredfood additive, since the levels necessary to achieve a desired effect were not considered sufficient to be aeffect were not considered sufficient to be a hazard to health.

hazard to health.(14)(14)See alsoSee alsoCarboxymethylcellulose sodium.Carboxymethylcellulose sodium.

15 Handling Precautions 15 Handling Precautions

Observe normal precautions appropriate to the circumstances

Observe normal precautions appropriate to the circumstances and quantity of material handled. Croscarmelloseand quantity of material handled. Croscarmellose sodium may

sodium may be irritant to the eyes; eye protection is be irritant to the eyes; eye protection is recommended.recommended. 16 Regulatory Status

16 Regulatory Status

Included in the FDA Inactive Ingredients Guide (oral capsules,

Included in the FDA Inactive Ingredients Guide (oral capsules, granules, sublingual tablets, and tablets). Included ingranules, sublingual tablets, and tablets). Included in nonparenteral

nonparenteral medicines licensed in the UK. Included in the Canadianmedicines licensed in the UK. Included in the Canadian List of Acceptable Non-medicinalList of Acceptable Non-medicinal Ingredients.

Ingredients.

17 Related Substances 17 Related Substances

Carboxymethylcellulose calcium; carboxymethylcellulose

Carboxymethylcellulose calcium; carboxymethylcellulose sodium.sodium. 18 Comments

18 Comments

Typically, the degree of substitution (DS)

Typically, the degree of substitution (DS) for croscarmellosefor croscarmellose sodium is 0.7.sodium is 0.7. Hand book of

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1 Nama Nonproprietary 1 Nama Nonproprietary BP: Croscarmellose sodium BP: Croscarmellose sodium

PhEur: Carmellosum natricum conexum PhEur: Carmellosum natricum conexum USPNF: Croscarmellose sodium

USPNF: Croscarmellose sodium

2 Sinonim 2 Sinonim

Ac-Di-Sol; natrium karboksimetilselulosa silang; Explocel; ganggang selulosa termodifikasi; Nymcel ZSX; Pharmacel Ac-Di-Sol; natrium karboksimetilselulosa silang; Explocel; ganggang selulosa termodifikasi; Nymcel ZSX; Pharmacel XL; Primellose; Solutab; Vivasol.

XL; Primellose; Solutab; Vivasol.

3 Nama Kimia dan Nomor Pendaftaran CAS Selulosa, 3 Nama Kimia dan Nomor Pendaftaran CAS Selulosa,

karboksimetil eter, garam natrium, ikatan silang [74811-65-7] karboksimetil eter, garam natrium, ikatan silang [74811-65-7]

4 Rumus Empiris dan Berat Molekul 4 Rumus Empiris dan Berat Molekul

Natrium kroskarmelosa adalah polimer silang dari natrium karboksimetilselulosa. Natrium kroskarmelosa adalah polimer silang dari natrium karboksimetilselulosa. Lihat Carboxymethylcellulose sodium.

Lihat Carboxymethylcellulose sodium. 5 Formula Struktural

5 Formula Struktural

Lihat Carboxymethylcellulose sodium. Lihat Carboxymethylcellulose sodium.

6 Kategori Fungsional 6 Kategori Fungsional

Tablet dan disintegran kapsul. Tablet dan disintegran kapsul. 7 Aplikasi dalam Formulasi Farmasi

7 Aplikasi dalam Formulasi Farmasi atau Teknologiatau Teknologi

Natrium kroskarmelosa digunakan dalam formulasi farmasi oral sebagai disintegran untuk kapsul, (1,2) tablet, Natrium kroskarmelosa digunakan dalam formulasi farmasi oral sebagai disintegran untuk kapsul, (1,2) tablet, (3-13) dan granul. Dalam formulasi tablet,

13) dan granul. Dalam formulasi tablet, natrium kroskarmelosa dapat digunakan baik dalam pnatrium kroskarmelosa dapat digunakan baik dalam p roses kompresiroses kompresi langsung dan granulasi basah. Ketika digunakan dalam granulasi basah, natrium kroskarmelosa harus

langsung dan granulasi basah. Ketika digunakan dalam granulasi basah, natrium kroskarmelosa harus ditambahkan baik pada tahap basah

ditambahkan baik pada tahap basah dan kering dari proses (intra dan ekstragranular) dan kering dari proses (intra dan ekstragranular) sehingga kemampuansehingga kemampuan wicking dan pembengkakan disintegran paling baik digunakan. (11,12) Croscarmellose sodium di konsentrasi wicking dan pembengkakan disintegran paling baik digunakan. (11,12) Croscarmellose sodium di konsentrasi

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hingga 5% b / b dapat digunakan sebagai disintegran tablet, meskipun biasanya 2% b / b digunakan dalam tablet hingga 5% b / b dapat digunakan sebagai disintegran tablet, meskipun biasanya 2% b / b digunakan dalam tablet yang dibuat dengan kompresi langsung dan 3% b / b dalam tablet yang disiapkan dengan proses granulasi basah. yang dibuat dengan kompresi langsung dan 3% b / b dalam tablet yang disiapkan dengan proses granulasi basah. 8 Keterangan

8 Keterangan

Natrium kroskarmelosa muncul sebagai bubuk putih yang tidak berbau, putih atau keabu-abuan. Natrium kroskarmelosa muncul sebagai bubuk putih yang tidak berbau, putih atau keabu-abuan.

10 Properti Khas 10 Properti Khas

Keasaman / alkalinitas: pH = 5,0-7,0 dalam dispersi berair. Keasaman / alkalinitas: pH = 5,0-7,0 dalam dispersi berair. Indeks pengikat: 0,0456

Indeks pengikat: 0,0456 Indeks fraktur rapuh: 0,1000 Indeks fraktur rapuh: 0,1000

Densitas (curah): 0,529 g / cm3 untuk Ac-Di-Sol (7) Densitas (curah): 0,529 g / cm3 untuk Ac-Di-Sol (7) Kepadatan (disadap): 0,819 g / cm3 untuk Ac-Di-Sol (7) Kepadatan (disadap): 0,819 g / cm3 untuk Ac-Di-Sol (7) Kepadatan (true): 1,543 g / cm3 untuk Ac-Di-Sol (7) Kepadatan (true): 1,543 g / cm3 untuk Ac-Di-Sol (7) Distribusi ukuran partikel:

Distribusi ukuran partikel:

Ac-Di-Sol: tidak lebih dari 2% disimpan pada # 200 (73,7 mm) Ac-Di-Sol: tidak lebih dari 2% disimpan pada # 200 (73,7 mm)

mesh dan tidak lebih dari 10% disimpan pada mesh # 325 (44,5 mm). mesh dan tidak lebih dari 10% disimpan pada mesh # 325 (44,5 mm). Pharmacel XL: lebih dari 90% kurang dari 45 mm, dan banyak lagi Pharmacel XL: lebih dari 90% kurang dari 45 mm, dan banyak lagi dari 98% kurang dari 100 mm.

dari 98% kurang dari 100 mm.

Kelarutan: tidak larut dalam air, meskipun natrium kroskarmelosa cepat membengkak menjadi 4-8 kali volume Kelarutan: tidak larut dalam air, meskipun natrium kroskarmelosa cepat membengkak menjadi 4-8 kali volume aslinya saat bersentuhan dengan air. Praktis tidak larut dalam aseton, etanol dan toluena. Luas permukaan spesifik: aslinya saat bersentuhan dengan air. Praktis tidak larut dalam aseton, etanol dan toluena. Luas permukaan spesifik: 0,81-0,83m2 / g

0,81-0,83m2 / g

11 Kondisi Stabilitas dan Penyimpanan 11 Kondisi Stabilitas dan Penyimpanan

Natrium kroskarmelosa adalah bahan higroskopis yang stabil. Natrium kroskarmelosa adalah bahan higroskopis yang stabil. Formulasi tablet model yang disiapkan dengan kompresi langsung, Formulasi tablet model yang disiapkan dengan kompresi langsung, dengan natrium kroskarmelosa sebagai disintegran, tidak menunjukkan dengan natrium kroskarmelosa sebagai disintegran, tidak menunjukkan

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perbedaan yang signifikan dalam pembubaran obat setelah

perbedaan yang signifikan dalam pembubaran obat setelah penyimpanan pada 308Cpenyimpanan pada 308C selama 14 bulan. (9)

selama 14 bulan. (9) Natrium kroskarmelosa harus disimpan dalam keadaan tertutupNatrium kroskarmelosa harus disimpan dalam keadaan tertutup wadah di tempat yang sejukwadah di tempat yang sejuk dan kering.

dan kering.

12 Inkompatibilitas 12 Inkompatibilitas

Kemanjuran disintegrants, seperti natrium kroskarmelosa, dapat sedikit direduksi dalam formulasi tablet yang Kemanjuran disintegrants, seperti natrium kroskarmelosa, dapat sedikit direduksi dalam formulasi tablet yang dibuat dengan proses granulasi basah atau proses kompresi langsung yang mengandung eksipien higroskopis dibuat dengan proses granulasi basah atau proses kompresi langsung yang mengandung eksipien higroskopis seperti sorbitol. (10) Natrium kroskarmelosa tidak kompatibel

seperti sorbitol. (10) Natrium kroskarmelosa tidak kompatibel dengan asam kuat atau dengan garam larut dengan asam kuat atau dengan garam larut besi danbesi dan beberapa logam lain seperti aluminium, merkuri, dan seng.

beberapa logam lain seperti aluminium, merkuri, dan seng. 13 Metode Pembuatan

13 Metode Pembuatan

Selulosa alkali dibuat dengan mendidih selulosa, diperoleh dari pulp kayu atau serat kapas, dalam larutan natrium Selulosa alkali dibuat dengan mendidih selulosa, diperoleh dari pulp kayu atau serat kapas, dalam larutan natrium hidroksida. Selulosa alkali kemudian direaksikan dengan natrium monokloroasetat untuk memperoleh natrium hidroksida. Selulosa alkali kemudian direaksikan dengan natrium monokloroasetat untuk memperoleh natrium karboksimetilselulosa. Setelah reaksi substitusi selesai dan semua natrium hidroksida telah digunakan, natrium karboksimetilselulosa. Setelah reaksi substitusi selesai dan semua natrium hidroksida telah digunakan, natrium monokloroasetat yang berlebih secara perlahan menghidrolisis menjadi asam glikolat. Asam glikolat mengubah monokloroasetat yang berlebih secara perlahan menghidrolisis menjadi asam glikolat. Asam glikolat mengubah beberapa gugus natrium karboksimetil menjadi asam bebas dan mengkatalisis pembentukan ikatan silang untuk beberapa gugus natrium karboksimetil menjadi asam bebas dan mengkatalisis pembentukan ikatan silang untuk menghasilkan natrium kroskarmelosa. Natrium kroskarmelosa kemudian diekstraksi dengan alkohol berair dan menghasilkan natrium kroskarmelosa. Natrium kroskarmelosa kemudian diekstraksi dengan alkohol berair dan natrium klorida atau natrium glikolat yang tersisa dihilangkan. Setelah pemurnian, natrium silang-silang kemurnian natrium klorida atau natrium glikolat yang tersisa dihilangkan. Setelah pemurnian, natrium silang-silang kemurnian lebih besar dari 99,5% diperoleh. (4) Natrium k

lebih besar dari 99,5% diperoleh. (4) Natrium k roskarmelosa dapat digiling untuk memecahkan roskarmelosa dapat digiling untuk memecahkan serat polimerserat polimer menjadi panjang yang lebih pendek dan karenanya meningkatkan sifat alirannya.

menjadi panjang yang lebih pendek dan karenanya meningkatkan sifat alirannya.

14 Keselamatan 14 Keselamatan

Natrium kroskarmelosa terutama digunakan sebagai disintegrant dalam formulasi

Natrium kroskarmelosa terutama digunakan sebagai disintegrant dalam formulasi farmasi oral dan umumnyafarmasi oral dan umumnya dianggap sebagai bahan yang pada dasarnya tidak

dianggap sebagai bahan yang pada dasarnya tidak beracun dan tidak berbahaya. Namun, konsumsi beracun dan tidak berbahaya. Namun, konsumsi oral sejumlahoral sejumlah besar natrium kroskarmelosa mungkin memiliki efek pencahar, meskipun jumlah yang digunakan dalam formulasi besar natrium kroskarmelosa mungkin memiliki efek pencahar, meskipun jumlah yang digunakan dalam formulasi dosis padat tidak mungkin menyebabkan masalah seperti itu. Di Inggris, natrium kroskarmelosa diterima untuk dosis padat tidak mungkin menyebabkan masalah seperti itu. Di Inggris, natrium kroskarmelosa diterima untuk digunakan dalam suplemen diet. WHO belum menetapkan asupan harian yang dapat diterima untuk substansi digunakan dalam suplemen diet. WHO belum menetapkan asupan harian yang dapat diterima untuk substansi yang terkait karboksimetilselulosa natrium, digunakan sebagai aditif makanan, karena tingkat yang diperlukan yang terkait karboksimetilselulosa natrium, digunakan sebagai aditif makanan, karena tingkat yang diperlukan untuk mencapai efek yang diinginkan tidak dianggap cukup untuk menjadi bahaya bagi kesehatan. (14) Lihat juga untuk mencapai efek yang diinginkan tidak dianggap cukup untuk menjadi bahaya bagi kesehatan. (14) Lihat juga Carboxymethylcellulose sodium.

Carboxymethylcellulose sodium.

15 Tindakan Pencegahan Penanganan 15 Tindakan Pencegahan Penanganan

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Amati kewaspadaan normal sesuai dengan keadaan dan kuantitas material yang ditangani. Natrium kroskarmelosa Amati kewaspadaan normal sesuai dengan keadaan dan kuantitas material yang ditangani. Natrium kroskarmelosa dapat mengiritasi mata; pelindung mata dianjurkan.

dapat mengiritasi mata; pelindung mata dianjurkan.

16 Status Regulasi 16 Status Regulasi

Termasuk dalam FDA Inactive Ingredients Guide (kapsul oral, granula, tablet sublingual, dan tablet). Termasuk Termasuk dalam FDA Inactive Ingredients Guide (kapsul oral, granula, tablet sublingual, dan tablet). Termasuk dalam obat-obatan nonparenteral yang berlisensi di Inggris.

dalam obat-obatan nonparenteral yang berlisensi di Inggris. Termasuk dalam Daftar Kanada Bahan Non-obatTermasuk dalam Daftar Kanada Bahan Non-obat yang Dapat Diterima.

yang Dapat Diterima.

17 Zat Terkait 17 Zat Terkait

Karboksimetilselulosa kalsium; carboxymethylcellulose sodium. Karboksimetilselulosa kalsium; carboxymethylcellulose sodium.

18 Komentar 18 Komentar

Biasanya, tingkat substitusi (DS) untuk natrium kroskarmelosa adalah 0,7. Biasanya, tingkat substitusi (DS) untuk natrium kroskarmelosa adalah 0,7.

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martindale 36 martindale 36

Croscarmellose Sodium

Croscarmellose Sodium

(USAN)

(USAN)

Carmellosum natricum conexum; Croscarmellose sodique; Croscarmelosa sódica;

Carmellosum natricum conexum; Croscarmellose sodique; Croscarmelosa sódica;

Crosslinked Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium; E468; Kroskarmelioze

Crosslinked Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium; E468; Kroskarmelioze

˙˙

s natrio druska;

s natrio druska;

Kroskarmello

Kroskarmello

osi natrium;

osi natrium;

Kroskarmello

Kroskarmello

snatrium; Kroskarmelosa sodná

snatrium; Kroskarmelosa sodná

s

s

ůů

l;

l;

Kroskarmeloz

Kroskarmeloz

a

a

sodowa; Kroszkarmellóz-nátrium; Modified Cellulose Gum.

sodowa; Kroszkarmellóz-nátrium; Modified Cellulose Gum.

Pharmacopoeias.

Pharmacopoeias.

In

In

 Eur. Eur.

(see p.vii) and

(see p.vii) and

 Jpn Jpn

. Also in

. Also in

USNF USNF 

.

.

Ph. Eur. 6.2

Ph. Eur. 6.2

(Croscarmellose Sodium)

(Croscarmellose Sodium)

. A cross-linked polymer of carmellose sodium. A white or

. A cross-linked polymer of carmellose sodium. A white or

greyish-white powder. Practica

greyish-white powder. Practica

lly insoluble in

lly insoluble in

dehydrated alcohol, in acetone, and in toluene. A

dehydrated alcohol, in acetone, and in toluene. A

1%

1%

suspension in water has a pH of 5.0 to 7.0.

suspension in water has a pH of 5.0 to 7.0.

USNF 26

USNF 26

(Croscarmellose Sodium)

(Croscarmellose Sodium)

. The sodium salt of

. The sodium salt of

a crosslinked partly

a crosslinked partly

OO

-

-(carboxym

(carboxym

ethylated) cellulose. A white, freeflowing powder.

ethylated) cellulose. A white, freeflowing powder.

Partially soluble in water;

Partially soluble in water;

insoluble in

insoluble in

alcohol, in ether, and in other organic solvents. pH of a dispersion containing 1 g mixed with 100 mL

alcohol, in ether, and in other organic solvents. pH of a dispersion containing 1 g mixed with 100 mL

of water for 5 minutes is between 5.0 and 7.0.

of water for 5 minutes is between 5.0 and 7.0.

Uses and

Uses and

Administration

Administration

Carmellose calcium and carmellose sodium have a variety of pharmaceutical uses, including use as

Carmellose calcium and carmellose sodium have a variety of pharmaceutical uses, including use as

suspending, thickening, and emulsifying agents, and as disintegrants, binders, and coating agents in

suspending, thickening, and emulsifying agents, and as disintegrants, binders, and coating agents in

tablets. Carmellose sodium is also used as an emulsifier or st

tablets. Carmellose sodium is also used as an emulsifier or st

abiliser in the food industry.

abiliser in the food industry.

Croscarme

Croscarme

llose sodium is used

llose sodium is used

as a tablet disintegrant. Carmellose sodium is used topically as an

as a tablet disintegrant. Carmellose sodium is used topically as an

ingredient of protective preparations for stoma care, in the management of wounds, and for

ingredient of protective preparations for stoma care, in the management of wounds, and for

the

the

mechanica

mechanica

l protection of

l protection of

oral and perioral lesions, such as

oral and perioral lesions, such as

mouth ulceration (p.1700). It is also

mouth ulceration (p.1700). It is also

used,

used,

in concentrations of up to

in concentrations of up to

1%, in artificial saliva preparations for the treatment of

1%, in artificial saliva preparations for the treatment of

dry mouth (p.2140),

dry mouth (p.2140),

and in eye drops

and in eye drops

for the managemen

for the managemen

t of

t of

dry eye (p.2140). Carmellose sodium given orally absorbs

dry eye (p.2140). Carmellose sodium given orally absorbs

water and acts as a bulkforming agent; t

water and acts as a bulkforming agent; t

he volume of faeces is increased and peristalsis promoted. It is

he volume of faeces is increased and peristalsis promoted. It is

used in the

used in the

treatmen

treatmen

t of

t of

constipation (p.1693). Carmellose sodium has been included in preparations

constipation (p.1693). Carmellose sodium has been included in preparations

to control appetite in

to control appetite in

the managem

the managem

ent of

ent of

obesity (p.2149) but there is

obesity (p.2149) but there is

little evidence of efficacy. For

little evidence of efficacy. For

 precautions to be

 precautions to be

observed w

observed w

ith bulkforming agents, s

ith bulkforming agents, s

ee under M

ee under M

ethylcellulose, p

ethylcellulose, p

.2145.

.2145.

Preparations

Preparations

B

B

P 200

P 200

8:

8:

Carmellose Sodium Eye Drops;

Carmellose Sodium Eye Drops;

USP

USP

31

31

:

:

Carboxymeth

Carboxymeth

ylcellulo

ylcellulo

se

se

Sodium Paste;

Sodium Paste;

Carboxymeth

Carboxymeth

ylcellulose Sodium

ylcellulose Sodium

Tablets.

Tablets.

Proprietary Preparations

Proprietary Preparations

(details are given in Part 3)

(details are given in Part 3)

 A

 A

r

r

g

g

.:

.:

 Aqua Lent La

 Aqua Lent La

grima†; Aqua Le

grima†; Aqua Le

nt Lubricante; Aqu

nt Lubricante; Aqu

acel; Aucic; Cel

acel; Aucic; Cel

lufresh†;

lufresh†;

Celluvisc†;

Celluvisc†;

Comfeel; Comfeel Plus Transparente; Natura Fresh; Nu- Derm Hidrocoloide; Refresh

Comfeel; Comfeel Plus Transparente; Natura Fresh; Nu- Derm Hidrocoloide; Refresh

Liquigel; Refresh Tears;

Liquigel; Refresh Tears;

 A

 A

us

us

tral.:

tral.:

 Aquacel†;

 Aquacel†;

 Cellufresh; Celluvisc; Refresh Liquigel; Refresh

 Cellufresh; Celluvisc; Refresh Liquigel; Refresh

Tears Plus†;

Tears Plus†;

 A

 A

us

us

tri

tri

a:

a:

Celluvisc;

Celluvisc;

Belg.:

Belg.:

Gelilact;

Gelilact;

Braz.:

Braz.:

Cellufresh

Cellufresh

; Ecofilm;

; Ecofilm;

Fresh Tears; Lacrifilm; Salivan;

Fresh Tears; Lacrifilm; Salivan;

Canad.:

Canad.:

 Aquacel†

 Aquacel†

; Refresh Cellu

; Refresh Cellu

visc; Refresh Liq

visc; Refresh Liq

uigel; Refresh P

uigel; Refresh P

lus; Ref 

lus; Ref 

resh

resh

Tears;

Tears;

Chile:

Chile:

Refresh Liquigel; Refresh Tears;

Refresh Liquigel; Refresh Tears;

Cz.:

Cz.:

Cellufluid;

Cellufluid;

Denm.:

Denm.:

Celluvisc;

Celluvisc;

Fin.:

Fin.:

Celluvisc;

Celluvisc;

Fr.:

Fr.:

 Aquacel; Askin

 Aquacel; Askin

a Biofilm†; Bi

a Biofilm†; Bi

atain; Celluv

atain; Celluv

isc; Clip

isc; Clip

 Ampoules; Cli

 Ampoules; Cli

p Brulures; Com

p Brulures; Com

feel; Hydrocoll

feel; Hydrocoll

; Physiotulle; Sures

; Physiotulle; Sures

kin; Urgome

kin; Urgome

d;

d;

Urgotul;

Urgotul;

Ger.:

Ger.: Algoplaqu

 Algoplaqu

e; Alione; Cell

e; Alione; Cell

ufresh; Cellu

ufresh; Cellu

med; Celluvi

med; Celluvi

sc;

sc;

Comfeel Plus Transparenter; Physiotulle; Urgotul;

Comfeel Plus Transparenter; Physiotulle; Urgotul;

Gr.:

Gr.:

Cellufluid; Celluvisc;

Cellufluid; Celluvisc;

Ho

Ho

ng K

ng K

o

o

ng:

ng:

Refresh;

Refresh;

Irl.:

Irl.:

Celluvisc;

Celluvisc;

Israel:

Israel:

Refresh Tears;

Refresh Tears;

Ital.:

Ital.:

Cellufresh;

Cellufresh;

Celluvisc; Lacrilens;

Celluvisc; Lacrilens;

 Mal

 Mal

ays

ays

i

i

a:

a:

Refresh Plus†; Refresh Tears†;

Refresh Plus†; Refresh Tears†;

 Mex.

 Mex.

:

:

Celluvisc†;

Celluvisc†;

Novafix Ultra Fuerte; Refresh Liquigel; Refresh Tears; Thera Tears†;

Novafix Ultra Fuerte; Refresh Liquigel; Refresh Tears; Thera Tears†;

Neth.:

Neth.:

Celluvisc;

Celluvisc;

NZ:

NZ:

Cellufresh†; Celluvisc†; Refresh Tears Plus;

Cellufresh†; Celluvisc†; Refresh Tears Plus;

Philipp.:

Philipp.:

Cellufresh;

Cellufresh;

Celluvi

Celluvi

sc;

sc;

Port.:

Port.:

 Aquacel†

 Aquacel†

; Askina Biofilm†

; Askina Biofilm†

; Cellufluid; Cel

; Cellufluid; Cel

luvisc;

luvisc;

 S

(9)

Celluvi

Celluvi

sc; Refresh Plus†; Refresh

sc; Refresh Plus†; Refresh

Tears†;

Tears†;

 S

 S

pain:

pain:

Cellufresh; Celluvisc;

Cellufresh; Celluvisc;

Viscofresh;

Viscofresh;

 S

 S

wed.:

wed.:

Celluvisc;

Celluvisc;

 S

 S

wi

wi

tz.:

tz.:

Cellufluid; Celluvisc;

Cellufluid; Celluvisc;

Thai.:

Thai.:

Cellufresh;

Cellufresh;

Celluvisc;

Celluvisc;

UK:

UK:

Celluvi

Celluvi

sc;

sc;

Comfeel; Intrasite;

Comfeel; Intrasite;

Physiotulle

Physiotulle

;

;

USA:

USA:

Celluvisc; Clear Eyes for Dry Eyes;

Celluvisc; Clear Eyes for Dry Eyes;

Optive; Refresh Plus; Refresh Tears; Tears

Optive; Refresh Plus; Refresh Tears; Tears

 Again; TheraTea

 Again; TheraTea

rs;

rs;

Venez.:

Venez.:

Refresh Liquigel; Refresh Tears.

Refresh Liquigel; Refresh Tears.

Multi-ingredient:

Multi-ingredient:

 A

 A

r

r

g

g

.:

.:

Comfeel Plus; Comfeel Purilon†; Comfeel Sea

Comfeel Plus; Comfeel Purilon†; Comfeel Sea

-

-Sorb†; Humectante Bucal; Mucobase; Purilon; Razagleda Plus†; Seasorb;

Sorb†; Humectante Bucal; Mucobase; Purilon; Razagleda Plus†; Seasorb;

 A

 A

us

us

tral.:

tral.:

 Aquae; Orabas

 Aquae; Orabas

e; Orahesive†; Sol

e; Orahesive†; Sol

oSite; Stomahesi

oSite; Stomahesi

ve†;

ve†;

 A

 A

us

us

tri

tri

a:

a:

Glandosane; Sialin;

Glandosane; Sialin;

Braz.:

Braz.:

Chofranina;

Chofranina;

Canad.:

Canad.: Appedrine

 Appedrine

†; Carboflex†

†; Carboflex†

;

;

Orabase†; Orahesive†; Salivart; Tegasorb;

Orabase†; Orahesive†; Salivart; Tegasorb;

Chile:

Chile:

Delgadol Fibra; K.C.M.C;

Delgadol Fibra; K.C.M.C;

Novafix Extra Fuerte;

Reducform-Novafix Extra Fuerte; Reducform-

F; Salivart†;

F; Salivart†;

Cz.:

Cz.: Alginete†; Sp

 Alginete†; Sp

ofax;

ofax;

Fr.:

Fr.:

 Altreet Ag; Amivi

 Altreet Ag; Amivi

a†; Aquacel Ag; Artisi

a†; Aquacel Ag; Artisi

al; Askina So

al; Askina So

rb†; Biatain Argen

rb†; Biatain Argen

t; Cellosorb;

t; Cellosorb;

Clip Hemo; Intrasite;

Clip Hemo; Intrasite;

Melgisorb; Purilon; Release Ag; Seasorb; Urgosorb;

Melgisorb; Purilon; Release Ag; Seasorb; Urgosorb;

Urgotul S.Ag;

Urgotul S.Ag;

Ger.:

Ger.:

Cellosorb; Comfeel Plus; Glandosane; Lary-

Cellosorb; Comfeel Plus; Glandosane;

Lary-Phary;

Nu-Phary; Nu-

Gel†; Purilon; Recatol Algin; SeaSorb Soft;

Gel†; Purilon; Recatol Algin; SeaSorb Soft;

Ho

Ho

ng K

ng K

on

on

g:

g:

 Aquae;

 Aquae;

Glandosane; Salivart;

Glandosane; Salivart;

India:

India:

Digene;

Digene;

Irl.:

Irl.:

Orabase;

Orabase;

Israel:

Israel:

Orabase†;

Orabase†;

Ital.:

Ital.:

 Aquacel Ag;

 Aquacel Ag;

NZ:

NZ:

Orabase;

Orabase;

Stomahesiv

Stomahesiv

e;

e;

Port.:

Port.: Askina Sorb†; C

 Askina Sorb†; C

arboflex†;

arboflex†;

Glandosane; Varihesive†;

Glandosane; Varihesive†;

 S

 S

.A

.A

fr

fr

.:

.:

Granuflex; Granugel; Orabase;

Granuflex; Granugel; Orabase;

 S

 S

pain:

pain:

Laxvital;

Laxvital;

 S

 S

wi

wi

tz.:

tz.:

Glandosane;

Glandosane;

Thai.:

Thai.:

Bisolax; Emulax; Glandosane†;

Bisolax; Emulax; Glandosane†;

UK:

UK:

Comfeel Plus; Glandosane;

Comfeel Plus; Glandosane;

Luborant; Orabase; Orahesive; Physiotulle-Ag;

Luborant; Orabase; Orahesive; Physiotulle-Ag;

SeaSorb Soft;

SeaSorb Soft;

Seprafilm; Stomahesive

Seprafilm; Stomahesive

;

;

USA:

USA:

Entertainer’s Secret; Moi

Entertainer’s Secret; Moi

-Stir;

-Stir;

Pretts Diet Aid;

References

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