!"$#%'&$(&)*,+-.%/1023&)
4 65'&$7!98:&);=<>#%?5'
@BA'C(DFEHGJIE6K'ACLMDNA'OQPJRTSVUAWSYXZA[L3\]ACTIA_^`A'OaA'bA'cHPdRfe1g'hiDFPdjAP%\[ROQIk?AC[R
lemg'nZoe1nZprq7sZtvu'owxpzy{q7sZy|uHsZyxeQwx}~smg
em~~emY6p em
tvsZ~h's1emg[temy|}o'Yxemghet}em}d1~emg'nZoe1nZpYzsZtuowxpzyYYsZt
bSOaAXm
?76' ?$¡¢1£$%¢`¢Z¤J¥?£$¦¢?§¨¤
©
$ ª«¬$£$£¡x¤ª«®¤£$x¤J)£{¯±°¡£$¨ªa¢²3¢¤
$³T)®¢´
©
¡£¡µV¶¸·m¹)§$ºx¢?)ªa»)
x¼µ½¢?¥¾À¿ÂÁã$'$«~ª)µ½¢6ºxª«º)
µ½ªm¥?°6§¨7®¢V½¡)§'Ä9¡§¢±
©
¡£¡µVÅÆ¿ÈÇaÃ
£$?%µ6ºx£ ª«]«~¥Ä6º)Ém7¢?¥v£$%¢?$¡¤
£$ªa¢ª«Àʧ¨ª´aº»?$ªz¹ÅH¢?¥Ë¿ÈÌaÃ7£$?®µ¤
9ºx£{ª«M¹)¨ªa°?{§¨x¼º§$$ªa°)ºx¶v
µr¢ºxªa¢?º§°?$ªa¢»®[£$?££$Àª¹)§®§'¡¤
«~ª)µ½¢6ºx3¥'¢?¥?ªa¢½£$7¥?£$½ª«¢6£Â¤
°?)§?§¢´a°6´ ?$ªZºx$$®¢´>$¡ªa°?)ºxT¢6¥
£$? £¡ª1ªa§3°?¡¥Ê«~ª ¢?¡³ Í9¢?¥?¢´¶
Î Ï CÆOaEIRXmaPJEHC
²7µ½¢´±£$£$°Ð¢?¢´3Ä?)¨«6¢6¡³TТ»$¡'ªa¢?¡£¡ª
¢?£$°Ð§§¢´a°?´%Ñm°¡£$ªa¢?ÅZª'¢Z¤J¥ªaµ½¢v¯ °Â¤
£$¨ªa¢²3¢?$³T)®¢´`¿¯±² Ã
©
¡£¡µ½%$?$¡¢1£{¢¥Z¤
¹¢?ºx¥v?9§º£$¨ªa¢Êª«¢?£$°Ð§§¢´a°?´%?$ªZºx$¤
¢´¶Ê´a§¨ªÄ6§Àµ£¡)®º°?¡¥Ë¢£$¯±²£¡)º$É
¹§°?£$¨ªa¢?¦ª«Ê£$ÒÆx¼Z£`Ó Ô£¡)¨¹§rÕªa¢«~$¢?ºx
¿ÖÓ3ÔÕÃr¿~ת1ª)?ÅÁØØØaû§§¨ªz³!«~ª{£$.ª¹Ð§§
$¡)$µ¢1£>ª«À£$¬¯±²2
©
$£¡µi'$«~ª)µ½¢?ºx¶½²7
6$£.ª«{$§¨¢1£$§¨$ÊÑm°¡£Ê£¡ªËµ?)ª¹B¯±²i
©
¤
£¡µ½Å7¨£V.¢ºx$$
©
£¡ªÒµ$°)Ù¢ª£Êªa¢?§
©
£$
´a§¨ªÄ6§6'$«ªÐµ½¢?ºxÅaÄ6°?£§¡ª>£$? '$«~ª)µ½¢?ºxª«
º)¢?¥?¹m¥6°?§µªZ¥?°?§¨»¢?¥¦ª£$%к)?¨£¡ºx£$°?)§
«~£$°$¶»²Ú¥£$®§¨¥Ù)«ª)µr¢?ºx»¢6§
©
)±¢?¥?Û¤
º£¡¢ª£Æªa¢?§
©
£$?£]£$T
©
¡£¡µÜ«~®§£¡ª7?$ªz¹m¥?¢
¢?¡³ Ä6°£±³
©
£$?½
©
$£¡µÝ«~§¥¶{?»'$«~ª¡¤
µ½¢?ºxM¢?§
©
$®H]°?¡«Ö°?§1£¡ª7
©
¡£¡µ(¥)¨´a¢)H³ ª
³À¢Q£Æ£¡ª ¥¢1£$¨«
©
$$ª]¡ªa°)ºxÆ¢?¥ ³É µªm¥6°?§¨¶
?Ò¯ ²=§¨£¡Ð£$°$«$ªaµÞ£$?Ò§¡£¦«³
©
Ð
$'ª$£$vªa¢ß´a§¨ªÄ9§>'$«~ª)µ½¢?ºxBª«¹)¨ªa°6v
©
¤
£¡µ½à¿Ö² Ä6¢? £*§È¶¨ÅáÇâââZã ä3ª¹ £*§È¶¨Å
ÇââÁÃжÀå±¢)§¹§°?£$¨ªa¢Êµ£¡ÐºM$>¥?)º°?$¡¥
¢¿~ת1ª)?7¢6¥vºxÅÇâââQÃ3¢?¥¿Öæ$º)Év£±§È¶¨Å
ÇâââQÃÄ9°£Å³ £$竳Fx¼ºx?£$¨ªa¢6v¿~èd£¡£
©
ºÐ)é£
§È¶¨ÅÇââÁÃÐÅa§¨£¡£$§¨H$¥ Ä'ªa°£H¢¤J¥?£$±$$ªÆ¢?§Û¤
©
$M¢v¯±²ê
©
¡£¡µ½¶
·Z®¢?ºxµªa$£¸¯±²ë
©
¡£¡µrÙºxªa¢6$¡£ª«rµªZ¥?°?§¨
£$?£v)`º)?®¢¥ß¡Ð§§
©
¿Ö²3Ä6¢
©
£v§¶¨Å%ÇâââZã
ì д>£%§È¶¨Å[ÇâââQÃÐÅ]£$?ª¹)§§)«ª)µr¢?ºx½
ºxªa¢1£¡$ªa§§¨¥Ä
©
£$¨³É¡£T§®¢É¶H袣$?º¡3£$
$$ªí¢6§
©
)ÊV¡£¡)¨´a1£¡«~ª$³Ð¥¶Nî °í
©
¡£¡µ
)ºÐ?¨£¡ºx£$°$Ê°?¡»¡¹)§«~¥Ä6º)Ém³ 6º)ºxªaµ¤
6§®º£¡$¨´a¢?Í6º¢Q£$§
©
£$>$)ª ¢?§
©
$¶
6À6'?$$¢Q£$3¢v¢Z¤J¥??£$V'$«~ª)µ½¢?ºx
¢?§
©
$ª«Z ¡£$£¡x¤ª«®¤£$?x¤J$£¯±²ç
©
$£¡µV¶·Z¹)§
ºxªa¢Í?´a°?)£$¨ªa¢?V$¸x¼µ½¢?¥ã>Í?)$£Å3£$¸'$«~ª¡¤
µ½¢?ºx{ª«º)¦µªZ¥?°?§¨>®¢í½Ä6$§¢%ºÐ?¢¥¡¤
º)6¨£¡ºx£$°$Å£$¢Åz£$µ½6ºx£ª«Z«¥?Ä6º$ÉZH¢?¥%£$
¢?$$£$¨ªa¢Vª«¢³¥¹Y¢6ºx¥µªZ¥?°?§Å?¢?¥íÍ9¢?§§
©
Å
£$±µ6ºx£Tª«¹)¨ªa°?§¨x¼º§6)¡ªa°)ºx¶Tî °À¯±²
©
¡£¡µï³ÀÀ)¢É¥Ê?¨´a.¢.£$ §¡££$$ Ó3ÔÕ
¯±²,£¡)º$ÉN¹§°?£$ªa¢?ð¿Öºx«d¶Ù¿~ת1ª)?ÅÁØØØaáÃж
)«ª$ £$ $)°?§¨£$) $?)¡¢Q£$£$¹ £¡ª»ª£$
¯±² $)§])º)?£¡ºx£$°$7³ ªa¡¢1£¡)¢?§]µªZ¥?°?§¨
'$«~ª)µ(Ñm°?¨¹§¨¢Q££$¡Ém±¿Ö²3Ä6¢
©
£T§¶¨ÅmÇâââQê
µ6§ª
©
$µ½§®]§¨x¼º§Z$$ªa°)ºx¢?¥½£¡ª1ªa§3¿Öä ªz¹
©
£ §È¶¨ÅÇââÁã ì д £ §È¶¨Å6ÇâââQÃж
ñ ò
AóEHCEHôçõ
7'$«~ª)µ½¢?ºx3ª«H½¯±²ö
©
¡£¡µNT£$¨´aQ£$§
©
ºxªa°Z¤
6§¨¥½³ ¨£$£$7ºxªaµ6§¨x¼¨£
©
ª«Ñm°¡£$¨ªa¢6¡É¥.¢?¥
£$í¥?÷rº°?§¨£
©
ª« ¢?¡³½x¼Z£¡)ºx£$¨ªa¢¶éø?ªrx¼µ¤
6§¨ÅZ¢ÊÓ3ÔÕéµ½¢
©
©
¡£¡µ½³T)±Ñm°?¨£¡±$°?ººx)¤
«Ö°?§£?$ªz¹m®¥?¢´±ºxª$$ºx£¢6¡³TУ¡ª%$®µ6§¨Å«Öºx£Â¤
¡ÉZ¢´±Ñ1°?¡£$¨ªa¢?ÅÄ6°?£Æ«Ö§¨¥{£¡ª ¢?¡³Ñ1°$£$¨ªa¢?
£$?£Ê$Ñm°?¨$¥é$¡ªa¢?®¢´ªV¥¹¢?ºx¥ö§®¢´a°?¡£$®º
©
¡£ª«[ÁxùQúâ ¹§°?£$¨ªa¢Ñm°¡£$¨ªa¢6Å1ûYâQüª«6£$?M6¡¤
£$º¨9£$¢´Ë
©
¡£¡µ½í¢?$³T$¥Ü$°?ººx$$«~°?§®§
©
Ñm°Â¤
£$¨ªa¢?±§É½¯ÁâÁÌm¾çýzþÊÿ ~ÿÐÅHÄ6°£±¢ªa¢
ºxªa°?§¥{Í6¢?¥»±ºxª$$ºx£¢?¡³£¡ª ºxªaµ6§¨x¼»Ñ1°$£$¨ªa¢?
$°?ºÐv±¯ÁÁúm¾ÙýzþÊÿ~ÿ !"#%$"
&' (*)+,-(%%)./021 ' 34%)5,-%*)6ж
·Z®¢?ºxM'$«ªÐµ½¢?ºx 87ºx£¡¥¬Ä
©
£$? ºxªaµ6§¨x¼m¤
¨£
©
ª«¬Ñm°¡£$ªa¢Ü6$ªmºx)$¢´Å»³TçÍ?С£6$ª¹Z¥Ë
Ä?$ªa¥í£$Y¼mªa¢ªaµ
©
ª«¯±²Ü
©
¡£¡µr¶
9;:*< =?>8@ACB>@D
£$Y¼Zªa¢ªaµ
©
±Ä6¡¥¦ªa¢B$¹)§ºx)¨£¡Ð.£$?£
6§
©
¢vµ'ª$£$¢1£)ªa§¨>¢ÊÄ6°?®§¥?¢´¯±²
©
$£¡µ½¾
¿ÂÁÃ]§¢?´a°?¡£$º¢?¥Ém¢?ª³ §¨¥?´)¡ªa°)ºxÅ¿ÈÇaÃ]¢?£$°Z¤
)§[§¢´a°6´?$ªZºx$$¢´Ê¢1¹ªa§¨¹¥Å¿ÈÌaÃ7¥ªZº°?µ¢1£
?$ªZºx$$®¢´Å¿~ù1Ã)¡ªa¢?¢´Vµ£$?ªm¥?Å¿*aÃ3³3£$
ªT¢?ª£¢?¡³T[x¼Z6§º£$§
©
¡£$£¡¥.¢>¥ªZº°?µ¢1£Å
¿Èúaó ?£$ª3¢?ª£¢?¡³«~°6$¨ªa¢V¢?ºx$$
©
¶
9;:E9 =/FGD.H#H#BH2IKJLNMBHAO@GIPH
QSR
8"T(UWV
&
,XOYZ/" [64!
R
5)3\[0)# " G^]/\(_
%`. Rba `.,%*)6
${
©
¡£¡µ½7x¼Z£¡)ºx£ ¢?¡³)±3£¡x¼Z£±$¢?¨?'£$
«~$ªaµ ªa¢`ªµª$¥ªmº°6µ¢Q£$¶ î7«~£¡¢ö£$¢Z¤
¡³ 7«ªa°?¢6¥v¹$Ä9£$µÝ¢¦r£¡x¼Z£ ª .)µ6§¨
µª$9ªa§¨ª´aº§]¹)£$¨ªa¢¶{
©
6º§§
©
£$¢?¡³)
$¦x¼Z£¡)ºx£¡¥ð°?$®¢´µ½6¨)º§3µ£$ªZ¥?Ê$§
©
¢´
ªa¢VÉ
©
³TªÐ¥vµ½¢?6°?§£$¨ªa¢6¶
QSR
8"/c^UdV
&
X8YZ/04!
R
G^]5,Z[
R
/8)._
G^]+Z2"xÿ.E,Z/
ʺ)6)ºx£¡)¡£$®º¬ª« £$?»º§${£$?£¢?¡³)
$M«~ªa°?¢?¥¢)¢?¨?'£$]ª«9£¡x¼Z£ÅQÄ9°£°?¢?§É¢rÕM§$
ÁÅT®¢«)¢?ºx.®»¢?ºx$$
©
£¡ªÙ)§£¡V£$VÑ1°?¡£$¨ªa¢
³ ¨£$v£$¢?¡³¶fevª$§Ä'ª)£¡¢?¡³ ¥£¡º|¤
£$¨ªa¢Bµ½£$ªm¥6 $°?º)`>ªa¢1£¡ªa§¨ª´a¨>ª{ºxªm¥?Í6º£$¨ªa¢
ª«?)´aµ½£$ºÉZ¢ª³3§¨¥´$M¢ºx$)
©
¶T·mµ½¢1£$º
§¨£¡)¢6£$¨ªa¢?ųª)§¥¦ÉZ¢ªz³ §¨¥´½Y¼¨ªaµ½ ¢?¥`$µ¤
6§¨ )¡ªa¢?¢´µ£$?ªm¥? $%¢ºx$)
©
¶T²7¢Vx¼µ¤
6§¨Vr¯ÁØgm¾ ýGh?)$i*kj)#Y,l*";!³3$
-]?Æ£¡ª3Ä'T§®¢É¥>³3¨£$d G6mOG^]n[));?$o;x¶
p
ª)¥.q3£¢?¥.¨£$x¼m£¡¢6$¨ªa¢?À$±¡ªaµ£$µ½M°?¡¥
$ªa°)ºxMª«[³ª)§¥ÊÉZ¢ª³ §¥´¶
QSR
8"r4U/V
&
X8,YZ?f" [^!
R
)3\6 $b\,` *)
\,3)Zs0t()C`ZKG
è¢ң$?¬º§$¬£$v9$£$§ ¢6¡³TÊ¢«~ª)µ½£$ªa¢Ò
$º£¡£¡$¥½£$$ªa°´aªa°?£[$¹)§?¥ªZº°?µ¢1£$[¢?¥¢Z¤
¡³½«Ö°?$¨ªa¢Ër¢ºx$$ ¶:íºxªaµ9§¨x¼Z£ $
ºxªaµ6§x¼ÚÑ1°?¡£$¨ªa¢?秨É_$ºx)?£Ñm°¡£$¨ªa¢6ÅB¿~¶´¶
ýGh?)$u()wv+"Z!
R
xk!%#X
R
6¡ÃÐŪ£¡µ9§£¡x¤
§¨É¬Ñ1°$£$¨ªa¢?Ê¿ZýþÊÿ(fZ0#]^ZK,`6 " *)6
)# ` xyvz
'
Gl~ÿ6{[8,tX4^$Ãж
QSR
8"|KU{v KY(C%}dV
&
X8,YZ?
$Ê
©
¡£¡µr$VÄ6§¨Ê£¡ª¸¢?¡³½Ñ1°$£$¨ªa¢?¢
£$Òºxªa¢1£¡x¼m£ª«¬6$¹mªa°?¸¢1£¡)ºx£$¨ªa¢?¸³3¨£$ê£$
°?¡¶B²3$'ª$£¡¥ç¢_¿Öä7)Ä6´a°ç£½§È¶¨ÅÇââÁÃÐÅ
?$ªZºx$$®¢´ËÒ§¡£Êª«Ñ1°?¡£$¨ªa¢?Ê'ªa¡¥ð®¢ö˺xªa¢Z¤
£¡x¼Z£±®¢Q¹ªa§¨¹±ºxªaµ9§¨x¼í$«~$¢?ºx»$¡ªa§°£$ªa¢¶~7¢Z¤
§¨É%£
©
6º§)«$¢6ºx%$¡ªa§®°£$¨ªa¢v§´ª)¨£$?µ½£$?£
$¡ªZº£¡¢?9ª$À³ ¨£$7$«~$¢Q£ÅQ£$À$«)¢?ºx
µ'ªa¡¥.Ä
©
ºxªa¢1£¡x¼m£7Ñ1°?¡£$¨ªa¢?$Ñm°?¨$£$>)¡ª¤
º£$¨ªa¢Òª«±¢é¢?6ª)¦«~$ªaµë£$?vº°$$¢1£½Ñm°Â¤
£$¨ªa¢³ ¨£$¨£$ªa¢Êª«3£$Ê?$¹Z¨ªa°?»Ñ1°$£$¨ªa¢?Å
¢?¡³)Mª £$¨ ¢?9ª)Z¶
QSR
8"{(UV
&
X8YZ/n [4!
R
)3\n0
R
)](%
R
_
).]
±º)6)ºx£¡)¡£$®º3ª«H£$¡
©
¡£¡µ½ÀT£$¨ÀÄ6§Û¤
¨£
©
£¡ªr¢6¡³T7¡'º°?§£$¨¹ Ñm°¡£$¨ªa¢6$µ½®§À£¡ª¾
ýGv"~ÿf1b]4)G^]d-)3?GKY,G?~ÿG"(
Z"#%^]NÐã3ýGv"n~ÿSjd)`b)3\" , *)|ã7ý%v"~ÿ6
G
R
G?`,%,X+G %)`K!
R
(ж
·Z®¢?ºx µªa¡£?$ªÄ9Ä6§
©
£$7¢6¡³T£¡ª$°?º).Ñm°Â¤
£$¨ªa¢?M®¢?ª£Mx¼m6§®º¨£$§
©
¡£$£¡¥v¢Ê¥ªmº°6µ¢Q£$Å?$µ¤
6§
©
Ä'º°?¡ ¹¢1£$ µ½
©
¢?ª£?¹%6?'¢¥
©
£Å
¯±²
©
$£¡µ½«~$ªaµê£$?[º§$¥ºxªaµ'ªa¡À£$Ñm°Â¤
£$¨ªa¢.¢1£¡ª{Ñm°)¨£$?£x¼Z£¡)ºx£À6¨ºxTª«¹m®¥¢?ºxÅ
«~£¡]³3?º)%¢?¡³]H«ªÐµ{°?§®£¡¥{°?)¢´$$ªa¢?¢´
Ä
©
¢6§¨ª´
©
¶$$ªa°)ºxH®¢?º§°?¥¥Z¤J?ªmºÉZ¢ªz³ §Û¤
¥´Ä6¡Ù´¢)£¡¥«~$ªaµÞµ½¢?®¢´Ë£¡x¼m£¦¥ªZº°Z¤
µ¢1£$íº§°?$£¡$¥öÄ
©
£$`Ñm°¡£$ªa¢_£¡ª6º¶N²3)¡ª¤
º£¡¥ö³3¨£$:£$¡¸ÉZ¢ª³ §¥´¸¡ªa°)ºxí)Bº¡x¤
Ä6¡¥$¡ªa¢6¢´v£¡ºÐ?¢?Ñm°»»³T§§µ£$ªZ¥?
«~ª£¡µ'ª)§{$¡ªa¢6¢´Å%¡9£$§%)¡ªa¢?¢´:¢?¥
¹Z¥¢1£$§'$¡ªa¢?®¢´¶
]Ä6§¨½Á¾7®¡£¡)¨Ä6°?£$¨ªa¢rª«Ó3ÔÕ:Ñm°¡£$¨ªa¢6
©
' q3°6µ%Ä'%¿ü½Ã
ÕÀ§$ Á¬¿~«~ºx£$°?§~à Øgv¿Èúaû1¶aürÃ
ÕÀ§$Çv¿Ö$µ6§x¤$¡ªa¢?¢?´1à ùaâ(gv¿ÈÇaû1¶ØaürÃ
ÕÀ§$Ìv¿~«~°?)¨ªa¢.¤§¡£Ðà Çí¿ÂÁ¶ûürÃ
ÕÀ§$ÀùÙ¿Ö¢Q£¡Ðºx£$¨¹ ¤Tºxªa¢1£¡x¼m£Ðà ùQÇí¿ÈÇm¶ØaürÃ
ÕÀ§${v¿Ö¡'º°?§£$¨¹zà âv¿ÖâZ¶âQü½Ã
Volkswagen AND bug
60 passages
2 passages
"in 1966"
USD 520
$1
$1
USD 520
"rent a Volkswagen
bug for $1 a day"
of expected
answer type
selection
Keyword
Keyword
expansion
post−filtering
Passage
of candidate
Identification
Answer
formulation
ranking
Answer
Answer
Question
Country
Volkswagen
bug
rent
built − build
Examples
Examples
System
answers
and passages
of documents
Modules
Niagra − Niagara
Volkswagen
Volkswangen −
Money
Person
invented − inventor
rented − rent
pre−processing
(split/bind/spell)
Keyword
of question
representation
Derivation
Construction
Retrieval
How much
rent
1966
bug
Volkswagen
M1
M2
M3
M4
M5
M6
M7
M8
M9
M10
ø]´a°$½Á¾²3)º)6¨£¡ºx£$°$ ª«[Ä6¡§®¢ ¡)§
©
¡£¡µ ¿Ö¢ª«~¥Ä6º$ÉZÐÃ
Ñm°¡£$¨ªa¢?¦¢1£¡ª_£$ËÑ1°?¡£$¨ªa¢(º§$$¶=è¢ê¥?¥?Û¤
£$¨ªa¢V£¡ªÙÁÌØ̽µ½®¢Z¤£$¡ÉVÑ1°?¡£$¨ªa¢?Mºxªa§§ºx£¡¥í«~$ªaµ
Ó3ÔÕT¤gmÅ7Ó ÔÀÕT¤dØ¢?¥_Ó ÔÀÕT¤dÇââÁű£$$¸$
Ǭ§¡£ Ñm°¡£$ªa¢?{¿~¶´¶¨ÅýG?Zc")`K%,-,/~ÿ
[0)#`. ?")"CU$Ã%¢6¥ùQÇ>ºxªa¢1£¡x¼m£ÀÑm°¡£$¨ªa¢?3¿~¶´¶¨Å
ýGh?)$ R)^]d$8~ÿl. X(#]NÐã»ýGh?)$$o*46¡Ãж
\]k?OQPJAG3SzõSzk9ô A'OQXQjTPÈk6XmaROak
?®»$ºx£$¨ªa¢Ò¢1£¡$ªZ¥?°?ºx»£$í¡)®§¥ç)º)6¨£¡º|¤
£$°$Ùª«>ªa°v¯±²
©
$£¡µ*®¢é³ 6º) £$$¦$¸¢ª
«~¥Ä6º$ÉZ¶:íºxªaµ6§£¡v)º)6¨£¡ºx£$°$í³3¨£$˧§
£$.«¥?Ä6º$ÉZ>?)¡¢Q£¡¥ç¢§®£¡»¡ºx£$ªa¢ª«
£$6'¶{²3>)ª³ ¢¦¢¦ø[¨´a°)ÊÁÅH£$½)º)6¨£¡º|¤
£$°$ʺxªa¢?$®¡£$»ª«{Á⦵ªZ¥?°?§¨%)«ª)µr¢´$¹)§
¢?£$°Ð§§¢´a°?´>6$ªmºx)$¢´£$¡ÉZ¶
?7Í6)¡£ÀÍ?¹>µªZ¥?°?§¨Àºxª$)¡'ªa¢?¥.£¡ªrÑ1°?¡£$¨ªa¢
?$ªZºx$$®¢´Åa£$ ¢?x¼m££d³Tª»µªZ¥?°?§¨['$«~ª)µ(¥ªZº°Z¤
µ¢1£¢6¥¬9$$´7?$ªZºx$$¢´ÅZ¢?¥¬£$±§¡££$$
µªZ¥?°?§¨À'$«~ª)µN¢?$³T6$ªmºx)$¢´¶
eÁ ¬¢6¥?¨¹Z¥?°?§[Ñm°¡£$¨ªa¢`³Tª)¥6{$Ê¡'§§Û¤
º)?º$É¥¶ p ª)¥?Ƨ¨É2.) RmC,$^]±¢?¥*#](3T$
x¼Z6¢?¥¥ ¢Q£¡ª£$¨.¡'§§¢´¦¹)¢1£$.)
R
mO $_
]^¢?¥*#]43¶ö諱¢ºx$$
©
ÅÑm°¡£$ªa¢?½$°?ºÐ
`¯ggm¾ýG{)-,X^](;" $Z2(4!X
$[ÿ?")Z[KX(!$¬)6)¡¥ç¢1£¡ª¦Ù¢?ª)µ½§Û¤
¥Ê«~ª)µï³ ) £$ ³ Z¤³ª)¥¸¿$[ÿ®Ã?')M£
£$ Ä'´a¢?¢6¢´Åm¶´¶výþÊÿt )Z[.X5$?)-,X
]G/" Z2(4!X(ж
eÙÇ Þ¢6°?£*Ñm°¡£$¨ªa¢ *6С¥ ¢?¥
£¡)¢?$«ª)µ½¥ ¢Q£¡ª ¢ ®¢Q£¡)¢6§ )?$¡¢1£$Y¤
£$¨ªa¢Ù¿Öä3)Ä9´a°r£À§È¶¨ÅÇâââQÃTº?£$°)¢?´%Ñ1°?¡£$¨ªa¢
ºxªa¢?ºx?£$ë¢6¥ Ä6®¢?
©
¥'¢?¥¢?º¨Ä'£J³¢
£$éºxªa¢6ºx?£$¶ ·m£¡ª!³ª)¥? ¿~¶´¶¨Å¬?)ªa)¨£$¨ªa¢?
ªF¥£¡)µr¢)Ðà $ ¥¢1£$¨Í?¥*¢?¥*$µªz¹¥
«~$ªaµ£$¸$6$¡¢1£$£$¨ªa¢¶øªÙ§§°6¡£¡)£$¨ªa¢Å3£$
$?)¡¢Q£$£$ªa¢v«~ª ¯ âÁÌm¾BýGh?)$Z`6ÿw")` RX()`
KK)
R
mO $#]!`(]\)+GT(4(;º?£$°?$
£$ Ä6¢?
©
¥'¢?¥¢6º
©
Ä'£J³¢Ú£$ ºxªa¢?ºx6£$
K¢6¥T(4(¶
eÙÌ ¬µr?6¢´ª« ºx$£$¢çÑm°¡£$¨ªa¢¥'¢Z¤
¥¢?º%ªa¢ p ªÐ¥.q £Â¤Ä9¡¥ç¢?¡³{£
©
'Ê?¨¡¤
)ºÐ
©
¥6$µ{Ä6¨´a°?£¡v£$¡µr¢Q£$ºº£¡´ª
©
ª«
£$:x¼m'ºx£¡¥ï¢?¡³)_¿ ì .$º(¢?¥2ä3)Ä9´a°Å
ÇââÁÃж øªVx¼µ6§¨Å £$Ù¥?¢6¥¢?º
©
Ä'£J³¢
h?)$ Z`.xÿ{¢?¥ K«~ª3¯±âÁÌTx¼m9§¨ªa¨£¡¥.£¡ª½¥x¤
)¨¹»£$x¼Zºx£¡¥¸¢6¡³T±£
©
'
'
);X¶>¢Z¤
¡³£
©
'.»6)¡¥£¡ª¦)°Ä6¡Ñm°¢1£»µªZ¥?°?§%«~ª
£$>¥?¢Q£$¨Í9º£$¨ªa¢Êª«Æ'ªa$)¨Ä6§¨±¢?¡³)%¿Ö§§Hµªa¢x¤
£$
©
¹§°ÐÃж
evù æ$¥¸µ½¢?§
©
ªa¢¦6)£3ª«$ºÐ¸¢«~ª)µ½Y¤
£$¨ªa¢ÅT¸$°Ä6¡£ª«3£$íÑ1°?¡£$¨ªa¢Ëºxªa¢?ºx?£$r$V¡x¤
§¨ºx£¡¥¦7É
©
³ª)¥?7«~ª7ººx)$¢´.£$°?¢?¥)§
©
¢?´
¥ªZº°?µ¢1£Mºxªa§§¨ºx£$¨ªa¢¶²ß6$$´ )£¡)¨¹§9¢?´a¢
ººx?£$>æªmªa§¨¢¦Ñ1°?)¨7Ä6°?§£«)ªaµ £$?»¡§ºx£¡¥
É
©
³Tª)¥6Ŷ´¶¡K) RmO $#]B²q¢!`]a¶B.$x¤
£¡)¨¹§¢´a®¢½$£$°Ð¢?±6$$´{£$?£»ºxªa¢Q£$¢§§
É
©
³Tª)¥6¡'º¨Í?¥¢£$? æª1ªa§¨¢rÑ1°
©
¶[ $x¤
«~ª$>É
©
³Tª)¥¡§¨ºx£$¨ªa¢M½¡¢6$¨£$¨¹ £$¡É¶èd«]£$
³$ªa¢?´ÒÑ1°$£$¨ªa¢_³TªÐ¥ ¿~¶´¶£Z`6ÿÃÊV®¢?º§°?¥¥
¢ç£$æTªmªa§¨¢ Ñ1° ¿Z`.xÿ¦²q .)
R
£${6$$´7ºxªa¢Q£$®¢?¢´½£$?{ºxª$$ºx£±¢?¡³)7$
µ½)¡¥¶
e æ«~ª$T£$?Tºxªa¢?¡£¡Ð°?ºx£$¨ªa¢{ª«?æTªmªa§¨¢»Ñ1°?)¨
«~ªíºx£$°?§±$£¡)¨¹§ÈÅ3£$¸¡§¨ºx£¡¥_É
©
³Tª)¥6í$
x¼Z6¢?¥¥Ê³ £$.µ½ª$6ªa§¨ª´a®º§ÈÅm§x¼Zº§ª $µ½¢Z¤
£$º7§¨£¡)¢?£$ªa¢?¶7§¨£¡)¢?£$ªa¢?Àºxª$$¡'ªa¢?¥¬£¡ª
ª£$À«~ª)µ½¢½³ 6º)¬£$±Ñ1°$£$¨ªa¢¬ºxªa¢6ºx?£$Àµ½
©
ªZºº°M¢r£$?7¢?$³T)¶øªMx¼Zµ½6§¨Å;KY±®x¼m¤
6¢?¥?¥V¢Q£¡ªxKÖ¶
eÙú ?Ë$£¡)¨¹§¢´a¢?Ë$£$°)¢?B£$饪Zº°Z¤
µ¢1£$rºxªa¢1£$¢?¢?´B§§MÉ
©
³Tª)¥6r¡'º¨Í?¥Ë®¢Ë£$
æª1ªa§¢Ñm°)¨¶í¬¥?ªmº°?µ½¢Q£$»$r£$?¢`«Ö°¡¤
£$V$$£¡)ºx£¡¥:£¡ªÒ$µ½§§¬£¡x¼Z£V6$$´Ê³3$
§§9É
©
³ª)¥?M)±§ªmº£¡¥V¢¬£$±?$ª¼Z®µ½¨£
©
ª«Æªa¢
¢ª£$¶rÔºÐB$£¡)¹¥B6$)´r¢?º§°6¥±¥?¥?Û¤
£$¨ªa¢?§£¡x¼m£Ê¿~x¼m£¡)§¢|Ã3Ä«~ª$½£$?½)§¨$£%¢?¥
«~£¡T£$3§£¡¡£É
©
³ª)¥¬µr£$º)¶øªÀ§§®°?¡£¡)£$¨ªa¢Å
ºxªa¢?$®¥±¯±ââ(m¾¸ýzþÊÿ?~ÿ/Z2)3\/~ÿZ2._
#](^]/G"#-))3\
&
[0,*")
Q
)Z[0`6Y%¢?¥»£$À¤
¡ªZº£¡¥.æTªmªa§¨¢ÊÑm°
©
&
[ *")'²q
Q
)Z[0`6Y
²q¤G#-)ж $§¨¹¢1£M£¡x¼m£«~)´aµ¢1£M«~$ªaµ
£$Ò¥ªZº°?µ¢1£¸ºxªa§§¨ºx£$¨ªa¢!NýG¥k ¦YWh?),,§
Z20#](]wG#-))3\
&
[0,*")
Q
)Z¦[`Y"^ж~7¢Z¤
§¨$±¥?¥6¨£$¨ªa¢?§Æ£¡x¼m£>® ¢?º§°?¥?¥v¢Ù£$6$)´Å
£$±ºx£$°?§¢?¡³¦ ¦#Y{h),³ªa°?§¥¬Ä'3µ½®$¡¥
Ä'º°?¡½¨£±ªZºº°) Ä'«~ª$§§µ½£$ºÐ¥¸É
©
³Tª)¥6Å
¢?µ§
©
G#-)ÐÅ & [0,*")Æ¢?¥ Q )Z[0`6Y|¶
e¦û $£¡Ð¨¹¥.6$$´À$7«~°?$£$)Í6¢¥
«~ªV¢??¢?ºx¥:?$º®$¨ªa¢¶ ì $$´í£$?£í¥ªË¢ª£
$£$$«
©
£$»¡µ½¢1£$º%ºxªa¢6¡£¡)¢1£$±¡'º¨Í?¥í¢v£$
Ñm°¡£$¨ªa¢ $v¥?)º)¥¥¶_øª.x¼Zµ9§¨ÅM¡ªaµvª«
£$í9$$´½)£¡)¨¹¥Ë«~ªÊ¯±âÁÌB¥ª`¢ª£½$£$®¡«
©
£$M¥?£¡Mºxªa¢?¡£¡Ð¢Q£nT(44Y¶î±°£]ª«?£$úâ76$)´
$£$°Ð¢¥Ä
©
£$M$£¡Ð¨¹Y§?¢´a¢À«~ª¯±âÁÌmÅmÇ 6¤
$´3$>$£$¢?¥í«£¡36$$´%ªa$£Â¤Í6§¨£¡)¢?´¶
e g ¡Ðº)2«ªË¢?$³T)³ ¨£$6¢(£$:$x¤
£¡)¨¹¥»6)$´Æ$¡£¡)ºx£¡¥»£¡ª±£$ªa¡Àº¢?¥?®¥?£¡
ºxª$$$ªa¢6¥?¢´í£¡ªÙ£$.x¼m'ºx£¡¥ç¢?¡³»£
©
¶èd«
£$Mx¼Z'ºx£¡¥½¢?¡³£
©
' ¢?µ¥¢1£$¨£
©
$°?ºÐ
d¨©bªN«¬Å£$vº¢6¥?¥?£¡Ù¿4TÅbj¥®cÃr$
¥¢1£$¨Í?¥Ê³3¨£$V½¢?µ¥í¢Q£$¨£
©
$ºxª´a¢?¶ÀÕªa¢Z¤
¹)¡§
©
ÅZ«£$ ¢?¡³À£
©
2¯«.°±ª²±G³±G©bª[Ŷ´¶
¯ ØâaÌm¾ýzþÊÿ/w`6%E,ZlÐÅ3£$Ùº¢6¥?¥?£¡.$
ªÄ?£$¢?¥BÄ
©
µr£$º)?¢?´vv¡£{ª«¢?¡³%6£¡£¡Ð¢?
ªa¢V£$%6$$´¶
eÙØ ÔºÐ!º¢?¥?®¥?£¡Ò¢?¡³¸$ºx¨¹_$§¨x¤
¹¢?ºxV$ºxª$íººxª)¥?®¢´¦£¡ª¦§x¼Zº§À¢?¥?)ª¼µ½¨£
©
£$ʪZºº°$$¢?ºxVª«3£$Vº¢?¥?¥6£¡Ê¢6¡³T³3¨£$?¢
¢í?'ªa$£$¨ªa¢¶[>º¢?¥?®¥?£¡M$>¡ª$£¡¥v¢V¥x¤
ºx$$®¢´ª)¥ª«[£$$ºxª$¶
eÁâ ?
©
¡£¡µß¡§ºx£$H£$Tº¢?¥?¥?£¡T¢?¡³)
³ ¨£$í£$%?¨´a?¡£M$§¨¹¢?ºx{)ºxª$¶À>Í6¢6§¢Z¤
¡³)]$¨£$?H«~)´aµ¢1£$Hª«£¡x¼Z£Æx¼Z£¡)ºx£¡¥»«~$ªaµ
£$À6$)´$ªa°?¢?¥»£$ÀÄ'¡£º¢?¥?®¥?£¡M¢?¡³)Å
ª£$
©
${¢Q£¡Ð¢?§§
©
´¢?)£¡¥¶
´ µ OQOaEOvACA'GõSYPdS·¶ÂEOajkçbASYk6GJPdCk
Szk6OQPAG7SõSzk6ô
¸N:*< ¹B>OJIK>ºD0P»(B B^¼N½B^>@%ºBPACH
©
$£¡µ ³À¬£¡¡£¡¥:ªa¢ÜÁxùQúâÑ1°?¡£$¨ªa¢?.ºxªa§Û¤
§¨ºx£¡¥é«$ªaµë Ó ÔÕ¤gmÅÀظ¢6¥ËÓ ÔÀÕT¤dÇââÁ¶ ²7¢Z¤
¡³)³$x¼Z£¡)ºx£¡¥¬«$ªaµ!%Ì%å7Ä
©
£¡ £¡x¼m£ºxªa§§¨º|¤
£$¨ªa¢.ºxªa¢Q£$®¢?¢´»Äªa°?£3Á7µ½§§ªa¢¥ªmº°6µ¢Q£$T«~$ªaµ
¡ªa°ÐºxÙ)°?º)l¾ªa¦²3¢?´§¨¦µÙ¢?¥ p §§
·m£¡$£¿ªa°)¢6§È¶Ôº)¢?¡³ ?¦ârÄ
©
£¡¶
?7ºº°Ðº
©
³ÀMµ$°$¥.Ä
©
£$eí¢VÓ x¤
º¨?)ªmº§MÓ3£¡¿*eÓ Ó7ýµ£¡)ºV°6¡¥ËÄ
©
q3è¡·F¢
£$:Ó ÔÀÕ ¯±²f¹§°?£$¨ªa¢? ¿~ת1ª)?ŸÁØØØaÃж
)º¨?$ªZº§)¢ÉZ¢´Ä6$º§®§
©
$)¨´a¢?M¢m°?µ¤
Ä'VÑ1°6§±£¡ªðÁCÀYÓ³ ?$¸ÓÊ£$¸Ð¢É骫»£$
ºxª$$ºx£¢6¡³T¶î±¢6§
©
£$ÀÍ?)¡£y7¢?¡³)[$Mºxªa¢Z¤
$¥?$¥Å£$1°?7Ó 7§¨$3ª±Ñ1°6§Æ£¡ª·m¶
p
¢Ù£$
©
¡£¡µ¥ª1]¢ª£Æ$£$°)¢{ ºxª$$ºx£[¢?¡³[¢>£¡ªmÅ
£$À?$º®$¨ªa¢»$ºxª$M«~ª]£$6£Ñ1°$£$¨ªa¢S$ª¶
ª¹Ð§§
©
¡£¡µï?$º)¨ªa¢r£$ µ¢Êª«H£$ ¢?¥?Û¤
¹Z¥?°?§M$ºxª)¶Ü·
©
¡£¡µ=¢?$³T)¬³$µ)°$¥
´a¢?$£ ºxª$$ºx£ ¢6¡³TÐM?$ªz¹m¥?¥ÊÄ
©
q3è¡·Z>¶
¸N:E9 ÁÂI²ÃyMSFBlB>O>8IK>8H
ö¢6¡'ºx£$¨ªa¢!ª«¦¢1£¡)¢?§.£¡)ºxÅ٣˹YШªa°?
º)?º$Émªa®¢Q£$Æ¢?¡$£¡¥%«£¡Æº)»µªm¥6°?§¨[«)ªaµßø[¨´¤
°$ÁÅ$¹§®M£$
©
¡£¡µN$$ªÐÀ«ªMºÐí¹§°?Y¤
£$¨ªa¢íÑm°¡£$ªa¢¶±´ªa§H®¢Ê£$?Àx¼Zе¢1£À£¡ª
¥¢1£$¨«
©
£$?r)§¡£{µªZ¥?°?§½¢B£$.º)?®¢ ¿~«~$ªaµ
§¨«~£½£¡ªB)´aQ£Ðû£$6£r?$¹¢1£$½£$?
©
¡£¡µ £¡ª`Í6¢?¥
£$>Ш´aQ£¢6¡³TÅ?ȶ¶º°?¡£$>$$ª¶
²7 $?ª³ ¢¢í]Ä6§¨{ÇmÅÑ1°$£$¨ªa¢V?$x¤6$ªmºx)$¢´
3$¡'ªa¢?$Ä6§¨±«ª>û1¶Áü ª«£$»$$ª)7¥?$£¡)¨Ä6°£¡¥
µªa¢´>µ½ªm¥?°6§¨teÁ>¿ÂÁ¶Øaü½Ã[¢?¥eÙÇ¿*m¶Ìaü½Ãжevªa¡£
$$ªÐ]®¢{µªZ¥?°?§eÇ7$M¥?°?£¡ª ¢?ºxª$)ºx£Æ6Ð$¢´
¿~ù¶aü½Ãж.M³TªVª«À£$£¡¢µªZ¥?°?§¨¿*eÙÌV¢?¥e aÃ
ººxªa°?¢1£«ª½µ½ª$Ê£$?¢Ë?§¨«ª«3£$Ê$$ª)¶B
©
evªZ¥?°?§¨ evªm¥?°6§¨ ¥Í6¢?¨£$ªa¢ Ô$$ª)>¿ü½Ã
¿*eÁÃ Ä
©
³TªÐ¥V?$x¤?)ªmºx$)¢´í¿Ö¡6§£ ÀzÄ6¢?¥0ÀY$§®§?º)º)Éà Á¶Ø
¿*eÙÇaà ժa¢?$£¡)°?ºx£$¨ªa¢Êª«¢1£¡)¢?§Ñm°¡£$¨ªa¢Ê)?$¡¢1£$£$¨ªa¢ m¶Ç
¿*eÙÌaà 7)¨¹£$¨ªa¢Vª«]x¼m'ºx£¡¥¢?¡³£
©
' Ìúm¶ù
¿*evù1Ã Ä
©
³TªÐ¥í¡§¨ºx£$¨ªa¢¿Ö¢?ºxª$$ºx£$§
©
¥?¥?¥Vªx¼º§°?¥¥9à gm¶Ø
¿*e aà Ä
©
³TªÐ¥Vx¼m9¢?$¨ªa¢V¥)¨)Ä6§¨±Ä6°?£Àµr$$¢?´ Çm¶û
¿*eÙúaà ²7ºx£$°?§$£¡)¹Y§¿Ö§®µ½¨£ªa¢í6)$´%¢m°?µ%Ä'Mª )zà Á¶ú
¿*e¦ûà ì $$´{ªa$£Â¤Í6§¨£¡)¢?´V¿Ö®¢?ºxª$$ºx£$§
©
¥?$ºÐ¥¥9à Á¶ú
¿*e gaà èÂ¥¢Q£$Í6º£$¨ªa¢Êª«º¢?¥?¥6£¡>¢?¡³) gm¶â
¿*eÙØaà ²7¢?¡³)¢ÉZ¢´ úm¶Ì
¿*eÁâQà ²7¢?¡³«ªÐµ{°?§®£$¨ªa¢ ù¶ù
$¨Ä9§¨zÃ7«~ª)°Ä6¡Ñm°¢1£%µªZ¥?°?§¨%£¡ªÙ'$«~ª)µ£$¨
£$¡É¶
p
¢¹»£$½¥)¨¹£$¨ªa¢¦ª«À£$½x¼Z'ºx£¡¥
¢?¡³£
©
¿ÖµªZ¥?°?§¨eÙÌaë~§®ÅQ£$7¡£ª«Æº¢?¥?Û¤
¥?£¡7¢?¡³)T®¥¢Q£$Í?¥¢½£$? $£¡)¹¥½6$)´
M£$µ?£
©
¢íÇgm¶ÇaüNª«[£$>º$»¿~³ ?¢V£$
¢?¡³£
©
'% °?¢ÉZ¢ª³ ¢Ãª7ºxªa¢Q£$®¢?£$ ³ $ªa¢´
¢1£$¨£$¨«~ªgm¶ÇaüF¿~³3¢£$ ¢?$³T£
©
'®¢?ºxª¡¤
$ºx£ÐÃÐ¶è «H£$? É
©
³ª)¥?M°?$¥Ê«ªM6)$´ $£¡)¨¹§
$¢ª£7x¼m6¢6¥¥í³ £$v£$»¡µ½¢1£$º§§
©
)§£¡¥
«~ª)µ½ªZºº°$)®¢´¢±£$¢6¡³TÐT¿ÖµªZ¥?°?§¨e aÃÐÅ£$
$§¨¹¢1£6$$´3$%µ½®$¡¥¶
?v¡§¨ºx£$¨ªa¢éª« É
©
³ª)¥?¬«~$ªaµ £$Ù¢1£¡)¢?§
Ñm°¡£$¨ªa¢()?$¡¢1£$£$¨ªa¢¿ÖµªZ¥?°?§evù1øºxªa°?6§¨¥
³ ¨£$¦£$?É
©
³ª)¥Bx¼Z6¢?)¨ªa¢Ë¿Öµªm¥6°?§¨2ewañ´¢Z¤
)£¡VÌYù¶úaüª«£$?r$$ªÐ¶VæTª£$£$¡.µªZ¥?°?§¨
87'ºx£>£$ªa°£¡6°£±ª«T6$$´$£¡Ð¨¹Y§Å')¢?ºx£$
¡£]ª«?$£¡)¹¥{9$$´[¥'¢?¥?Hªa¢{£$?æªmªa§¨¢
Ñm°)¨ Ä6°?§¨£3¢?¥v$°?Ä6µ½¨£¡£¡¥v£¡ª.£$?%$£¡)¹Y§Æ¢Z¤
´a¢ Ä
©
£$»¯±²
©
¡£¡µV¶
evªm¥6°?§¨eúÙ¢?¥eÙû$Ê$$ªa¢6$¨Ä6§¨«~ª£$
$£¡)¹Y§1ª«6$$´]³ ?$T¢?$³T)]µ½
©
ºx£$°?§§
©
ªZºº°¶Æ ¨ºxªaµ{Ä6¢¥±$)ª)HÌm¶ÇaüʶÆè¢>µªZ¥?°?§¨
eÙú£$$%)>6)µ£¡Ð£¡ªrºxªa¢1£¡$ªa§£$?%¢1°6µ%Ä'
ª«$£¡)¹¥v¥ªZº°?µ¢1£$ ¢?¥v6$$´Å ³T§§Æ
£$%) ª«ÆºÐv9$$´¶
²7¢?¡³ç?$ªZºx$$¢´¥ªa¢_¢Úµ½ªm¥?°6§¨Åe g
£$$ªa°?´aleÁâZ¶ p ?¢¦£$x¼m'ºx£¡¥B¢?$³T £
©
'
íºxª)$ºx£$§
©
¥£¡ºx£¡¥Å%£$¥?¢Q£$¨Í9º£$¨ªa¢_ª«£$
º¢?¥?®¥?£¡»¢6¡³Tпֵ½ªm¥?°6§¨/e gaà ?$ªZ¥?°?ºxfgm¶âQü
$$ªÐ¶áÌm¶Áü $)ª)¦$¥6°`£¡ªö¢?µ¥Ü¢1£$¨£
©
$ºxª´a¢?£$¨ªa¢ð¿Ö¢?ºxªaµ9§¨£¡V¥?ºx£$¨ªa¢?ШÐà ¢6¥çù¶Øaü
$¸¥?°Ù£¡ªË¡6°Ð¨ªa°?r¢6¡³TV9£¡£¡)¢öµ½£$º)6¢´¶
evªm¥?°6§¨2eØB¢?¥eÁâB«Ö§À£¡ªB)¢É£$vºxª)$ºx£
¢?¡³.³ ¨£$?¢Ò£$£¡ª`$£$°)¢¥ ¢ßÁâZ¶ûü ª«
£$¦º¡¶ÆeíªZ¥?°?§ eÙØB«Ö§¬¨« £$¦ºxª$$ºx£V¢Z¤
¡³{º¢?¥6¥?£¡r{¢ª£>)¢?É¥B³ ¨£$6¢¦£$r£¡ªmÅ
³ )eÁâr«Ö§3¨«[£$»$£$°)¢¥¢?¡³7$£¡)¢´
{¢?ºxªaµ6§£¡ÅÆ¢?µ§
©
£%¥ªm%¢ª£{Í?£>³ ¨£$6¢kâ
Ä
©
£¡¶
¸N:ÈÇ É+BH#I0Mb>8»(BlB^>8>OI0>OH
¡ºxªa¢?¥é$£rª«±x¼m')®µ¢Q£$rºxªa¢?$¡£$rª« ¥?¤
Ä6§®¢´3£$? µ½¢¢?£$°?)§§¢´a°?´ $¡ªa°)ºx°?¡¥
¢Ù£$r¯±²Ú
©
$£¡µVÅH¢?µ§
©
£$½ººx$ £¡ª p ªÐ¥Z¤
q3£¢?¥!£$é¢?µ¥!¢Q£$£
©
$ºxª´a¢?ÈÅr£¡ªÂ¤
¡$[£$?¨]®µ6ºx£]ªa¢£$Àª¹)§§¢6¡³Tºº°Ðº
©
¶
q3ª£¡.£$6£%£$.6)¡{¢¢1£¡´)§T6$£{ª«Mªa°
Ñm°¡£$¨ªa¢{?$ªZºx$$¢?´3µªZ¥§m¢?¥%£$?$«ª)¨£[]µ¤
?)ºx£$®º§£¡ªr¥?)Ä6§¨ ¨£¶
7¢ª£¡ö³ £$Ê!£$:Ä6¡§®¢
©
¡£¡µ '$«~ª¡¤
µ½¢?ºx±³ ?¢.§®§6$$ªa°)ºxM$±¢?Ä6§¥¶7?$x¤
º$ªa¢`$ºxª$¸¿*eÓ Ó7Ã%¥$ª9>£¡ª(U(^!¨« p ª)¥.q3£
{¥?$Ä6§¥¶. ¬¥Ð¨¹Y£$ªa¢¸ª«£$.¢?¡³{£
©
'
¿ÖµªZ¥?°?§¨xeÙÌaÃr¢?¥ÒÉ
©
³TªÐ¥éx¼Z6¢?$ªa¢ß¿ÖµªZ¥?°?§¨
e aÃ.«)ªaµø]´a°$ËÁ¸$¸£$¸£d³Tªéµ½ªm¥?°6§¨.£$?£
$µªa¡£®¢6Ë6°¢?ºx¥_Ä
©
p
ª)¥.q3£¶øªÙx¼µ¤
6§¨Å'£$ p ª)¥Kq £>¢ªa°6¢Ù6¨))ºÐ?¨±¡'º¨«
©
£$?£
£$Vºxªa¢?ºx?£/[R)À¦¡'º§£$¨ªa¢ª«/}C*-)|Å
³ ?®º)B¢B£$°)¢B{íÉZ¢?¥¦ª«t[6")?¶í?r¢?¡³
£
©
'«ª%¯±âaÌaû1¾çýþÊÿn$82~ÿ0Zd)3\/~ÿ6WSj
ÿ R*") [;Y[0R)Ðÿ)()$o)}+)~ÿÌ)";
· ¦")?¶! Ù
©
¡£¡µº¢6¢ª£V¥)¨¹Ù£$¸¢Z¤
¡³£
©
'Mºxª$$ºx£$§
©
°?¢?§¨)]£?ººx$£¡ª p ªÐ¥Z¤
q3£?))º)6¨Ä'º°?$ £$±µ%Ä9¨´a°ªa°?Ñ1°?¡£$¨ªa¢
¡£¡µ þVÿ?§¨ªa¢?À¥?ª1¢?ª£?$ª¹Z¥M¢
©
º§®°M£¡ª
D
N
N
P
N
P
N
P
ÍÍÍ ÍÍÍ ÍÍÍ ÍÍÍ ÍÍÍ ÍÍÍ ÍÍÍ ÍÍÍ ÍÍÍ ÍÍÍ ÍÍÍ ÎÎ ÎÎ ÎÎ ÎÎ ÎÎ ÎÎ ÎÎ ÎÎ ÎÎ ÎÎ ÎÎ ÏÏ ÏÏ ÏÏ ÏÏ ÏÏ ÏÏ ÏÏ ÏÏ ÏÏ ÏÏ ÏÏ ÏÏ ÏÏ ÏÏ ÏÏ ÏÏ ÏÏ ÏÏ ÏÏ ÏÏ ÏÏ ÏÏ ÏÏ ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÐ ÑÑÑ ÑÑÑ ÑÑÑ ÑÑÑ ÑÑÑ ÒÒÒ ÒÒÒ ÒÒÒ ÒÒÒ ÒÒÒ ÓÓ ÓÓ ÓÓ ÓÓ ÓÓ ÓÓ ÓÓ ÔÔ ÔÔ ÔÔ ÔÔ ÔÔ ÔÔ ÔÔ ÕÕ ÕÕ ÕÕ ÕÕ ÕÕ ÕÕ ÕÕ ÕÕ ÖÖ ÖÖ ÖÖ ÖÖ ÖÖ ÖÖ ÖÖ ÖÖ ××× ××× ××× ××× ××× ××× ××× ××× ××× ××× ××× ××× ××× ××× ××× ××× ØØØ ØØØ ØØØ ØØØ ØØØ ØØØ ØØØ ØØØ ØØØ ØØØ ØØØ ØØØ ØØØ ØØØ ØØØ ØØØ Ù Ù Ú Ú Û Û Ü Ü50
20
200
0.421
0.419
0.414
0.36
0.37
0.38
0.39
0.40
0.41
0.42
0.369
0.374
0.376
0.400
0.392
Precision (MRR)
0.400
= 50
= 200
= 500
ø[¨´a°$%Çm¾è µ9ºx£Mª«[µrY¼Zµ»°?µN¢m°?µ{ÄMª«[¥ªZº°Z¤ µ¢1£$ ¢?¥Ê9$$´3?$ªZºx$¡¥ © $½$?ª³ ¬£$?£r£$?v'$«~ª)µ½¢?ºxv¥?$ªé¬µª$$¨´a¢6¨Í6º¢1£]«~ª£$íþVÿ?Ñm°¡£$¨ªa¢6¶ p ¢ p ªÐ¥Z¤
q3£]Æ¥?$Ä9§¨¥Å£$evÓ3Ó«ª]£$¬þVÿmÑ1°$£$¨ªa¢?
¥$ª9À£¡ª Ur.ÝO! ºxªaµ6$¥v£¡ªwUG(4! «ªM£$?>¢Z¤
£$¨$ ¡£¶T?T$$°?§£À®¢?¥?º£¡£$?£M£$ ¹Y§®Ä6§Û¤ ¨£ © ª«9§x¼Zºxª¤J$µ½¢Q£$®º®¢«ªÐµ½£$¨ªa¢{ĺxªaµ½µª$ µ'ª$£$¢1£M«~ª ¥?¨÷rº°6§¨£Ñm°¡£$ªa¢?¶ æ © ¥?)Ä6§¢´±£$±¢?µ¥r¢Q£$£ © $ºxª´a¢6ÅZ£$ ¢?¡³.?$ªZºx$$¢´§º$ÉZr£$?¡µ½¢1£$ºÙ¢«~ª)µ½Y¤ £$¨ªa¢2¢ºx$$ © £¡ªê¥¢1£$¨« © º¢?¥6¥?£¡_¢?¡³)¶ ¾ªmªa¡ 6?$ª¼µ½£$ªa¢?[«ª£$º¢?¥?¥6£¡¢?¡³) $Mºxªaµ6°?£¡¥{Ä9¡¥¡£¡)ºx£$§ © ªa¢{É © ³ª)¥?µ½£$ºÐZ¤ ¢´¶è¢V£$?®Mº¡>£$>6$º$¨ªa¢Ê¥)ª6M£¡ª Urc!¶ Þ Ï ôßAXmvEN¶{SõSzk6ô ßTAOQA'ô:kk?O1S Ñm°?¢1£$¨£$£$¨¹3)«ª)µr¢?ºxMª«9£$?7¯±²_ © ¡£¡µ {§$´§ © ¥'¢?¥¢1£ ªa¢£$¬µªa°6¢Q£{ª«M£¡x¼m£»$x¤ £¡)¨¹¥«~$ªaµ£$?»¥ªZº°?µ¢1£3ºxªa§®§¨ºx£$¨ªa¢ã£$µª$ £¡x¼Z£$£¡)¨¹¥.£$3Ä'£¡£¡T£$±º)6¢?ºx3ª«Í9¢?¥?¢´ £$¢?¡³¶]ä3ª³¹Åa6)ºx£$º§¯±²Ë © ¡£¡µ½]º¢Z¤ ¢ª£%87'ª)¥`£¡ªv?6§ ©
£$µ½ºxªa¢6$°?µ½¢?´·q¾ ì £¡ºÐZ¤
¢?Ñm°¿~¡'º§®§
©
6Ð$¢´1Ã6£¡ª¹
©
§)´µªa°?¢1£$
ª«Z£¡x¼m£¶Ó £¡)¨¹§6)µ£¡ÐH$°6¡¥ £¡ª 6$ª¹Z¥
£¡)¥x¤ª7ÙÄ'£J³¢ß£$µªa°?¢1£vª«£¡x¼Z£v6)¡¥ ¢1£¡ª3£$?¢?$³T[?$ªZºx$$®¢´3µªZ¥?°?§¢?¥»£$Àºº°Z¤ )º © ª«£$»x¼m£¡Ðºx£¡¥B¢?¡³)¶>?¯±²Ú © ¡£¡µ
?M£$?>«ªa§®§¨ª³ ®¢´5#% -} R [ZY"|¾
àWáâ
¤7£$¬µ½Y¼µ»°?µ¢m°?µ{Ä'%ª«¥ªZº°?µ¢1£$
)£¡)¨¹¥f«~$ªaµ ë$°Ä¤Jºxªa§®§¨ºx£$¨ªa¢ ¿Ö¥«Ö°?§¨£
¹§°%Çâ⽫ªºÐvª«MÁÇ)°Ä¤Jºxªa§§¨ºx£$ªa¢?ÐÃÐãã
ä-å;æOç0è8é ê*ê-é"ë,ç0ì-çí*ì-îçï,é"ðç3ñ8ë îòñ8çKó{é ñé"ë,ç3ê4í-æ8çKå;ôbõö÷Oøùú
ónçñ#í;ù3ø,ðòðòç3ùí-îòø,ñé"êétê*çíø ü²ýþê*ç3èéìYé"í-çê úEù3ø,ðòðòç3ùí-îòø,ñOê
265
S
P
Precision (MRR)
3
6
10
20
40
110
59
43
32
Exec time (sec)
0.400
0.411
0.421
0.401
0.387
(nr. extra lines)
precision
time
ø[¨´a°$¦Ìm¾`èµ6ºx£.ª«>6$)´¦)ªa¢:?)º$¨ªa¢ ¢?¥Vx¼Zº°£$¨ªa¢í£$µ àWá ¤£$µrY¼Zµ»°?µÜ¢1°?µ{Ä'Hª«6)$´]?$ª¤ ºx)¡¥ß£¡ªö¥?¢Q£$¨« © º¢?¥?¥?£¡¢?¡³)ç¿Ö¥x¤ «Ö°?§¨£À¹§°ââQÃж à¤F£$?=$ §§ª³À¢?ºx «~ªiº) $x¤
£¡Ð¨¹¥6$$´B¿Ö¥«Ö°?§¨£»¹Y§®°ÙÁ⦧®¢>Ä'x¤ «~ª$£$?)§¨$£¢?¥%«~£¡H£$T§£¡¡£É © ³TªÐ¥ µr£$º)9ÃÐã p ¢ áâ ¢?¥ á $r¡£%£¡ª$µ½§®§¨ ¹Y§®°Å £$Êx¼Zº°£$¨ªa¢ç£$µV§¨ªz³TrÄ6°£»$§¨¹¢Q£¥ªZº°Z¤ µ¢1£$¬¢6¥Ò6$)´¬µ½ © Ä'vµ½$$¥¶:ø[¨´a°?$Ç §§®°?¡£¡)£¡[£$®µ6ºx£ª«'£$M6)µ½£¡) áâ ¢?¥ á ªa¢>£$T?$º$ªa¢>ºxªaµ6°£¡¥%ª¹]£$¢1£$¨$T¡£ ª«±ÁxùQúâí£¡¡£%Ñm°¡£$ªa¢?¶?¨´a? £$½¢1°6µ%Ä' ª«H¥ªZº°?µ¢1£$$£¡)¨¹¥Åm£$?7?´aT£$?3?)º$¨ªa¢ $ºxª$¶çè £½?6$¢1££$?£ á 6½¦$§£$¨¹§ © $µ½§®§¨3µ½6ºx£ ªa¢£$»?$º$ªa¢í£$?¢ á/â ¶7?
¥6°M£¡ª%£$ «~ºx£T£$?££$ $£¡)¨¹¥r6$$´$
$x¤ª)¥?$¥>Ä6$¥%ªa¢{ ¡£]ª«?§¨x¼º§«~£$°$Å$°?ºÐ
£$?£3£${¥?¢Q£$¨Í9º£$¨ªa¢Vª«£$»º¢?¥?¥?£¡{¢?¡³)
['$«~ª)µ¥»ªa¢£$M£¡ª
á
$x¤ª)¥?$¥6$)´¶
ø[¨´a°)±Ì»$ªz³ À£$7'ªa$$¨Ä6§ £¡)¥x¤ª7ÙÄ'£J³¢
ª¹Ð§§6$º$¨ªa¢¸¢6¥Bx¼Zº°£$¨ªa¢£$µr»í«Ö°?¢?º|¤ £$¨ªa¢çª«±£$V6)$´v$ ¶Ëè¢Q£¡)¡£$¢´a§ © ÅT£$ ?¨´a?¡£H?)º$¨ªa¢>)ºxª$TªZºº°)]«~ªÆ£$?T¥«Ö°?§¨£]¡£Â¤
£$¢´ÅÁâZ¶ p ?¢
©
£$>£¡ª $£$°)¢?¥¶
Ï
ôßAXmvEN¶ k?k6IbAXS
.$$°6§¨£$%6$¡¢1£¡¥®¢`?)¹m¨ªa°6{¡ºx£$ªa¢?ºxª¡¤
$¡'ªa¢?¥:£¡ªç£$B¡Ð§¥ Ä6¡§®¢Ùк)?¨£¡ºx£$°?$
«~$ªaµ ø[¨´a°?$Á¶ê?£Ê)ºÐ?¨£¡ºx£$°$¦.¢ «~ºx£V
$µ½6§¨Í?¥r¹)$¨ªa¢íª«Æªa°
©
¡£¡µF³ ?ºÐV°?¡M¡¹1¤
)§9«¥?Ä6º$ÉZÀ£¡ª{Ä'ªmªa¡££$?3ªz¹)§§'$«ªÐµ½¢?ºx¶
²7$ª³3¢®¢ø[¨´a°)¬ùÅ£$?Êк)?¨£¡ºx£$°?$ʳ ¨£$
«~¥Ä6º$ÉZ x¼Z£¡¢?¥? £$?½¡)§È¥Ùк)?¨£¡ºx£$°?$½¢
¡¹)§Æ³À
©
¶¦Ä
©
³TªÐ¥íx¼Z6¢?$¨ªa¢¿Öµªm¥6°?§¨?e aÃ
%¢??¢?ºx¥£¡ª¸¢?º§°?¥?½§¨x¼Z®ºxª¤J¡µ½¢1£$º¬§£¡)¢?Y¤
£$¨ªa¢?r«)ªaµ
p
ª)¥.q3£¶ð² ¢³µªZ¥?°?§V«ª.§¨ª´aº
?$ªz¹m®¢´¢6¥$°?¡£$Í6º£$¨ªa¢ ª«>£$¸¢?¡³)ÊÊ¢Z¤
¡$£¡¥¬Ä'«ª) ¢?¡³TТÉm®¢´¶Æè¢r¥6¥?¨£$¨ªa¢ÅQ£$$
§¨ªmª6íÄ'ºxªaµç¢¢Q£¡´Ð§%6)£vª«£$ç
©
¡£¡µV¾
£$Ê6$)´V$£¡)¨¹§M§¨ªmªö¿Ö§ª1ªöÁÃÐãM£$V§¨x¼ºxª¤
¡µ½¢1£$º¦§¨ªmª ¿Ö§¨ª1ªðÇaÃÐã%¢6¥ £$?Ù§¨ª´a®º6$ª¹Z¢´
§¨ªmª`¿Ö§¨ªmªÌaÃж
²7Ê6$£.ª«{§¨ªmª(ÁÅ £$`¯ÀY²
©
¡£¡µ¥$°?¡£$
æª1ªa§¢`Ñm°)¨±Ä'«~ª$6$$®¢´Ê£$µi£¡ªí£$?½$x¤
£¡)¨¹§¢´a®¢¶½è «T£$rªa°£¡6°£>«~$ªaµ £$?½$£¡)¨¹§
¢´a¢?.{£¡ªmª¦)µ½§§ÈÅÉ
©
³ª)¥Ë»¥$ª?'¥¢?¥
$£¡)¹Y§7$$°6µ¥¶!è «%£$?Ùªa°?£¡6°£VÊ£¡ªmªÒ§$´Å
ȃ
©
³ª)¥V¥?¥¥Ê¢?¥Ê»¢³ö¨£¡)£$¨ªa¢Ê¡£$)£¡¥Å
°?¢1£$§m£$Mªa°£¡6°?£$M¢¨£$?£¡ª1ª%§®$´ÅQ¢ª£¡ªmª
$µ½§®§È¶ p ¢§¨x¼Z®ºxª¤J¡µ½¢1£$ºÊºxªa¢?¢ºx£$¨ªa¢?{«~$ªaµ
£$ÙÑ1°$£$¨ªa¢Ë£¡ª`£$?v$£¡)¹¥Ò6$)´¬$Ù¢ª£
'ªa$$¨Ä9§¨ÅQ§¨ªmªÊÇ»T£¡)¨´´)¥¶T¯±°¡£$ªa¢rÉ
©
³TªÐ¥?
$¸$9§ºx¥_³ ¨£$
p
ª)¥Kq £Â¤Ä6$¥ß§¨£¡)¢6£$¨ªa¢?
¢?¥»$£¡)¹Y§]$)°?µ¥¶S¾ªmªrÌ )§¨]ªa¢±§¨ª´aº
?$ªz¹M£$?£À¹)¨Í?£$ °?¢6¨Í6º£$¨ªa¢?TÄ'£J³¢Ê£$
Ñm°¡£$¨ªa¢½¢6¥r§¨ª´aºÀ«~ª)µ½¶ p ¢r£$ °?¢?Í6º£$¨ªa¢?
«Ö§ÈÅ£$VÉ
©
³ª)¥?½$Vx¼Z6¢?¥?¥³3¨£$Ë¡µ½¢1£$Û¤
º§§
©
$§£¡¥í§£¡)¢?£$¨ªa¢? ¢?¥Ê$£¡)¨¹§'$$°6µ¶
]Ä6§¨%Ìm¾èµ6ºx£ ª«Æ«~¥Ä6º)Ém ªa¢í?$º®$¨ªa¢
ø¥Ä6º)É ì $º)¨ªa¢ è¢?ºx$µ¢1£$§
¥?¥¥ ¿*evÓ3Ó7Ã ¢??¢?ºxµ¢1£
¢ªa¢ âZ¶ùQÇZÁ âQü
ì $$´%)£¡)¨¹§ âZ¶ùQúg
ã
ÁÁü
¿Ö§¨ª1ªÁÃ
¾x¼ºxª¤J¡µr¢Q£$º âZ¶YùQÇ
ã
Á#aü
¿Ö§¨ª1ªÙÇaÃ
ì
$ªz¹m¢?´v¿Ö§¨ª1ªÙÌaà âZ¶aûÇ aü
§¨ªmª6»ªa¢ç£$í¢?¡³½ºº°)º
©
¶çÊÉZ¢ª³3§¨¥´
Ä?$ªa°?´aQ£7¢Q£¡ª¬£$Ñ1°$£$¨ªa¢v¢?$³T)®¢´½?$ªZºx$3Ä
©
§¨x¼ºxª¤J¡µ½¢1£$º§¨£¡Ð¢?£$¨ªa¢?±?±£$?´a¡£ ¢Z¤
¥?¨¹Z¥?°6§7ºxªa¢1£¡)¨Ä9°£$¨ªa¢Å7«ªa§®§¨ª³¥ðÄ
©
£$`µºÐ?Y¤
¢?)µïª«]¥?¥6¢´^ÀY¥$ª66¢´{É
©
³ª)¥?¶
?¢?¡$£$ªa¢±ª«m£$?T§¨ª´aº[6$ª¹Z¢´µªZ¥?°?§¥?¥?
7¢³ºxªaµ½6§¨x¼¨£
©
§®
©
[£¡ª ¢?¡³Æ?)ªmºx$)¢´Å¢Z¤
Ä6§®¢´½µª${£¡)¥x¤ª7 Ä'£J³¢Ù?$ªZºx$$¢?´½ºxªaµ¤
6§¨x¼¨£
©
¢?¥Ê¢?¡³ ºº°Ðº
©
¶T]Ä6§¨±ù½$ªz³ À£$
ª¹Ð§§?)º$¨ªa¢V«~ª «~ªa° ¥67)¢Q£ $£¡£$¢´a¶
Í?)$£¡£¡£$¢´ÅC4%3(C%%)?Åaºxª$$¡'ªa¢?¥6'£¡ª£$
$µ½6§¨¡£M¯±²ð
©
¡£¡µï£$?£M¥ªmÀ¢ª£M°?¡±¢
©
q¾ ì
£¡º)6¢?Ñm°Êªí$¡ªa°?)ºx¶ï¸¢?¡³)V$¸x¼m¤
£¡)ºx£¡¥`«$ªaµi£$r¡£$$£%ª«TºÐ`6)$´Å]¢6¥¸$x¤
£$°)¢?¥Ù®¢v£$ªÐ¥ ¢Ù³ ?ºÐ£$?»9$$´±³$
$£¡)¹¥¶öí?)º$¨ªa¢Ërªa¢?§
©
âZ¶âaÇgm¶ p ¢
£$xq¾
ì
£¡º)6¢?Ñm°r$¢?Ä6§¨¥ÅT³ £$Ë£$íx¼m¤
ºx?£$¨ªa¢¬ª«£$7¥)¨¹£$¨ªa¢ª«£$3x¼m'ºx£¡¥.¢?¡³
£
©
'Å£$T6$º$¨ªa¢{µ?)ª¹Æ«$ªaµâZ¶âaÇg3£¡ª âZ¶Á#âZ¶
±¢?¡³Mºº°)º
©
¡£$§§9§µ½¨£¡¥rÄ'º°?¡±£$
º¢?¥?®¥?£¡3¢?$³T)Àº¢?¢?ª£TÄ' 6$ª')§
©
¥¢1£$¨Í?¥
³ ¨£$?ªa°£%ÉZ¢ª³3¢´v£$?¨»$µ½¢Q£$®º¬º£¡´ª
©
¿~'¡¤
¡ªa¢?ź¨£$¢?¥Ò¡ªB«~ª$£$9ÃжËè «7£$v¥)¹Y£$¨ªa¢çª«
£$Ùx¼m'ºx£¡¥_¢?¡³Ê£
©
'Ù.§¡ª¢?Ä6§¥ÅM£$
?$º®$¨ªa¢Ù$ºxª$º)?¢?´ £¡ªíâZ¶ùQúgm¶»ø[¢6§§
©
ų ¢
§§m«~¥Ä6º$ÉZ$À¢?Ä6§¥{£$?À6¨´a¡£]ª¹)§®§Z?$x¤
º$ªa¢¸ª«MâZ¶aûÇí>ºÐ?¨¹¥¶íÕªaµ9)£$¨¹§
©
Å]£$
¢?¡³6$ªmºx)$¢´%µ½ªm¥?°6§¨[ª«ª£$¯±²_
©
$£¡µ½
°?$°6§§
©
¡9¢Vª¹7§¨¹§ Ç¢6¥vÌ«~$ªaµF]Ä6§¨ ù¶
]Ä6§¨ ù¾ ì $«~ª)µ½¢?ºx%ª«]¢?$³T3?$ªZºx$$¢´
²7¢?¡³?$ªZºx$$¢?´ eíªZ¥?°?§¨ ì $º$ªa¢
ºxªaµ6§x¼Z¨£
©
§¹§ °?¡¥ ¿*evÓ3Ó7Ã
¿ÂÁñ¨$ºx£ x¼m£¡)ºx£$ªa¢ e`Á|¤eÙúmÅ âZ¶âaÇg
e`Áâ
¿ÈÇaþHx¼Zº§Hµ½£$º)?®¢´ e`Á|¤e¦û1Å âZ¶Á#â
eØz¤eÁâ
¿ÈÌa÷mµr¢Q£$º%µ½£$º)?®¢´ e`Á|¤eÁâ âZ¶ùQúg
¿~ù1ÃÀø¥?Ä6º$ÉZ ¢6Ä6§¨¥ §§ âZ¶aûÇ
?Í6¢?§?)º$¨ªa¢ $ºxª)H«~ªÆÓ3ÔÕT¤gmÅÓ3ÔÕT¤
Ø»¢?¥VÓ3ÔÕT¤dÇââÁ $ )¡'ºx£$¨¹§
©
âZ¶mÅâZ¶gâZÅ
¢?¥íâZ¶aûYâZ¶À)«ª$%£$>?$º®$¨ªa¢Ê¥?¥V¢ª£ ¹Y
©
µ»°?º)B®¢Ù$6¨£¡ª«£$½6¨´a ¥´$ª«À¥?¨÷rº°6§¨£
©
Question
+ M3 + M4
M1 + M2
M5
alternations
+ lexico−sem
M6
M7 + M8
M9 + M10
Answer
Loop 1
Loop 2
proving
Logic
Loop 3
ø[¨´a°) ù¾² к)?¨£¡ºx£$°?$>³ ¨£$Ê«~¥Ä6º)Ém
´a°?´{?$ªZºx$$¢´¢Êªa°? © ¡£¡µV¶ EHCXGdRSPEÆCS Òµr¢(ºxªa¢?º§°?)¨ªa¢(¸£$?£`£$Òª¹Ð§§½'¡¤ «~ª)µ½¢?ºxª«»¯±²Ý © ¡£¡µ½.¬¥6¨$ºx£$§ © $§£¡¥ £¡ª £$:¥?£$Úª«í¢?£$°)§¬§¢´a°?´:?$ªZºx$$¢?´ð$x¤ ¡ªa°Ðºxr¢?¥é£$í£¡ªmªa§r°?$¥Ò«~ª¬¢?¡³rÍ9¢?¥?¢´¶ ²7 $ª³3¢Ù®¢]Ä6§¨»ùÅ£$'$«ªÐµ½¢?ºx»ª«T¢«~ª¡¤ µ½£$¨ªa¢:$£¡Ð¨¹Y§3£¡º)6¢?Ñm°¬®¬$´a¢?¨Í6º¢1£$§ © ¢Z¤ ?¢?ºx¥>³ ¢>§¨x¼ºxª¤J¡µr¢Q£$º¢«~ª)µ½£$¨ªa¢ «~°?§®§ © x¼Z6§¨ªa¨£¡¥ £$?$ªa°´aªa°££$?¢?¡³HÍ6¢?¥6¢´?$ªZºx$¶ ]Ä6§¨Çr§®§°?¡£¡)£¡ £$?£±£$»)«ª)µr¢?ºx%Ä'ª£Â¤ £$§¨¢º)Ém ª«Æªa°?7¯±² © $£¡µ$>¥?°? £¡ª½£J³ªrµªZ¥Z¤ °?§¨Å¢?µ½§ © £$¥)¨¹£$¨ªa¢íª«£${x¼Z'ºx£¡¥¸¢Z¤ ¡³T£ © '7¢?¥r£$? É ©
³Tª)¥.x¼Z6¢?$ªa¢¶] Ä'ª£Â¤
£$§¨¢º)Ém%$r¢ª£>¡'º¨Í9º{£¡ªVªa°?»¯±²2 © $£¡µ Ä6°£ $Ë?ºx££$?í§µ½¨£$£$ªa¢?%ª«±º°$)¢Q£r¯±² £¡º)?¢?ªa§¨ª¤ ´a¨¶r¯±°?¡£$¨ªa¢¦¢?¡³)¢´V © ¡£¡µ½>)«ª)µ Ä'£Â¤ £¡r³3¢ç£$í$§¹Y¢1£6$$´¬¢?¥Ë£$º¢?¥?Û¤ ¥?£¡Ë¢?¡³)¸$˺§¨Ð§ © ¥Í6¢¥ê¢Ü£$ËÑm°Â¤ £$¨ªa¢?¶[ µ½¢¬?$ªÄ6§¨µ2£$ §º)Érª«'ª³$«Ö°?§ $ºÐµÊ¢?¥:§¨´ª)¨£$?µr½«~ª.µªZ¥§®¢´Bºxªaµ6§¨x¼ Ñm°¡£$¨ªa¢?[¢{ª)¥[£¡ª>¥Ð¨¹µ»°?ºÐ¢«~ª)µ½£$¨ªa¢ Ù'ªa$$¨Ä6§Å±¢6¥ß«~ª¦)«ª)µr¢´Ò ³T§§¨¤´a°?¥¥ ¡)ºÐí£$)ªa°´aV£$ªa°?)¢?¥?Àª«[£¡x¼m£3¥ªmº°6µ¢Q£$¶ ?½§¨x¼Z®ºxª¤J¡µ½¢1£$º½¢«~ª)µ½£$ªa¢¸µ'ª$£¡¥¦¢ £$¬¯±²2 © ¡£¡µi£$?$ªa°´a¦£$½)£¡)¨¹§[«¥Ä9º$ÉZ Ä?)®¢´a3ºxªa¢6$¡£¡¢1£ µ?$ªz¹µ¢1£$±ª¹%¡Ð§]?$ª¤
ºx$$®¢´¶ ì ¡¤Jºxªaµ½ªa¢?¢Q£½)$ª)$í¡6$¥ç°?¢?Û¤
«~ª)µ½§ © ª¹[£$Í6)¡£«~ªa°Æº§)¡ª«?Ñm°¡£$¨ªa¢%ºxªaµ¤ 6§¨x¼¨£$¨ÅÀ®¢?¥?º£$¢?´`ª³Ýªa°Ê © ¡£¡µfµ?)ª¹¥ ª¹7£$ © )¶ ¦k.¶Âk?Oak6CTXZk6S ÿ ñ8ç! "$# öø,ðòðòîòñ8ê%"Sé ñ8÷ &' îòñ8ë æé"ð þ)()(( * ñ8ê,+çì
ç!-#í*ìYé ùí-îòø ñ
/. ñ102,3547686:9);=<>)?@3,ACBED6@FGBEDH'IIKJ;L6:9@M/N)BPO2:NJ Q N)<>)ON%>6R0'2:354S67?8?S;E<>UTV3G<5A5672:67<K4S6@W=HXM Q 0$Y[Z\]\]\S^_"8èé"ë,ç3ê þ)`)a_bc)(Cý)"
çéí*í-ðç)"edé ê*æ8îòñOë í-ø,ñ
õ gf ì-ç3ù7hK"gi gf û ì-ë çì5"kj gl çì*ì-øe"gj nm îì-ê*ùYæ8ó{é"ño"np nm ø û ê*ç" #
j4îë æí5".é ñ8÷
.7 #fé ñ8î
þ)(()(
Um
ø_+kí-øç3ï é ð é"í-çq ø ì
rû
ç3ê%í-îòø,ñé ñ8ê,+çì-îòñ8ëê, Cê%í-ç3óç3ï,çì: ?÷8é%
ss
é"ñ÷ê%í-îðòð;ë çí
ì-çé ðn+;ø"ì8hf÷Oø ñ8ç
. ñ02,3547686:9);=<>)?t3,ACBEDe6&Z]<K9TV3)<%A5672867<u476 3)< Q N)<>)OeN5>6Xv$67?73)O2:4S67?wNG<K9/x'yGNJOeN)BP;[3)<W Q vx/TzY[Z\]\\7^5" í-æ8ç3ñOê%"u{bì-çç3ù3ç em éìYé ÿ é ë,î û "# |
ée}ê*ùé"é ñ8÷
#fé îòø"ìYé ñ8ø
þG(()( õk-Cèçì*ú îòónç3ñí-ê'+Nîòí-æø,èç3ñCú÷Oø,ó{é"îòñí-ç!-#í û é"ð r#û ç3ê%í-îòø,ñé ñ8ê,+çì-îòñ8ë . ñ~0'2:354S686:9);=<>)?3,ABED6)BEDS<eB 6727<uN)BP;[3)<uNJTV3)<%A5672867<u476 3)<TV3)RIuOBLN)BP;P3)<KNJ Q ;=<>)O;E?SBP;P4!?qWST Q :MYLZ\]\]\7^5" é é"ì*ú ÿ ì û ù7hçño"e{Sçì-ó{é"ñ m éìYé ÿ é ë,î û "p
#ø,ð÷Cø"ï é ñn"#
/| é}ê*ù3é"# C û ìY÷Oçé"ñ û " ô #îæ8é ðòù3çé"ô {ìP û " ô û ê%" l jé"ù]é"í û }ê û | #ø ì_éì-ç3ê*ù û "é ñ8÷ô f û ñOç3ê*ù û þ)((#ý ñOê,+;çì-îòñOëùø,óú
è8ðòç!-"Nðòîòê%íé ñ8÷dù3ø ñ#í-ç7-Cí
rû
çê%í-îø ñ8ê@+Nîí-æðùùê
rû çê%í-îø ñOú é ñOê,+;çì-îòñ8ëxê*çì-ïçì . ñ0'2:354S68689G;=<>)?3,ABED6\GBEDV6:)B vxBP2S;L67yGNJTV3)<5A5672:67<K4S6WSovxwTzYLZ\\]7^5"{yé"îí-æ8çì-ê ÿOû ì-ëe"
#fé"ì: Cðé ñ8÷
eR.: å õ m øï "j {Sçì ÿ çì5" @m çì-ów%é)hø ÿ "ö t j^îòño"/é ñ8÷ p ôbéïCîòùYæé"ñ÷CìYé"ñ þ)()(Cý åø5+²éìY÷ê*ç3ó{é"ñí-îùê%ú ÿ é ê*ç÷é"ñOú ê,+;çìèOîñOèø,îòñí-îòñ8ë . ñ02,3547686:9);=<>)?3,ABED6twON)< Q N)<Y >)OeN5>66:4SD<K3Js38>) TV3)<5A%672867<K4S6W= Q kYLZ\]\]7^5" é"ñpSîçë,øe"
ö;é ðòîüø"ì-ñ8îé
&¡.
í*í OùYæ8çì-îé"æo"#
¢l ìYé ñe£"d ¤ æ û "é ñ÷ C ôbé"í-ñ8é"ú èéì8hCæOî þG((#ý ¦¥ û ç3ê%í-îòø,ñ+é ñOê,+;çì-îòñ8ë û ê*îòñ8ë?ó{éG-Cîòó û óú
ç3ñí*ì-ø,è ¦ù3ø,ónèø ñ8ç3ñí-ê
. ñU0'2:354S686:9);=<>)?3§ACBED6CZ]<K9¨6867B[Y ;=<>q3,AXBED6RM/3)2SBED@HX@672S;[48N)<TgDeN7IB 672C3,ARBED6Hw?8?7354!;[N)BP;P3)< A%3)2TV3)RIOBLNGBP;[3)<KN)J Q ;=<>)O;=?8BP;[4!?W=MHXH&T Q Y[Z\]\]S^_" | îí*í-ê%ú ÿ8û ì-ë,æo" | ç3ñOñ8ê, Cðòï,é"ñ8îé # |
é}ê*ùé{é ñ÷
um é"ìYé
ÿ
é ë î
û
þ)()(Cý
å;æOçîñCüø"ì-ó{é"í-îòïçoì-ø,ðòç
ø üdø ìY÷
çíîñø,èçñOú÷Oø ó{é îòñ
rû ç3ê%í-îòø,ñ+é ñ8ê,+çì-îòñ8ë . ñ 02,354S6S6:9);E<>)?R3,AXBED6Z<K9/¨6S67BP;E<>3,ABED6$M/3)27BEDHX@672S;[48N)< TgDeN7IuB 6