Predicting Wingbeat Frequency and Wavelength of Birds

Given the observed scaling of wingbeat frequency and the proportion of the body mass that is made up by flight muscles in birds and bats, we estimated the maximum potential body

Overall, both body mass and muscle mass are strong predictors of maximum vertical forces among euglossine species, as are the correlated size measures of wing length, wing area and

n, wingbeat frequency; Φ , stroke amplitude; U – t, mean wing tip velocity; Re — , mean Reynolds number; CL — , mean lift coefficient; P* acc, muscle mass-specific inertial power;

The relationship between body mass, wing morphology and kinematics has also been shown to explain flight metabolic rate variation between species (Casey et al., 1985; Darveau et

The wing beat frequencies during free flight of Apis dorsata bees of eastern part of the state of Uttar Pradesh, India, lie between 118Hz to 142 Hz.. The average wingbeat