ANNEX II. OFFICERS AND OFFICES
(As at 31 December 1966) MEMBERS OF EXECUTIVE BOARD
Chairman: Atilio Dell'Oro Maini (Argentina) Vice-Chairmen: William A. Eteki-Mboumoua
(Came-roon), Magda Joboru (Hungary), Gian Franco
Pompei (Italy), Djahanguir Tafzoli (Iran) Members: Moshé Avidor (Israel), Amadou Hampâté
Ba (Mali), Pitty Paul Banda (Zambia), Bernard Barbey (Switzerland), William Benton (United States), Paulo E. de Berredo Carneiro (Brazil), Samuel J. Cookey (Nigeria), Bernard B. Dadie
(Ivory Coast), Etienne Dennery (France), Ilmo
Hela (Finland), Juvenal Hernandez (Chile),
Ber-nard J. E. M. de Koog (Netherlands), Prem Kirpal (India), Enrique Macaya-Lahmann (Costa Rica), Amadou-Mahtar M'Bow (Senegal), Hans-Joachim von Merkatz (Federal Republic of Germany), Daniel Mfinanga (United Republic of Tanzania), Sarwat Okasha (United Arab Republic), André Otetea (Romania), Fuad Sarruf (Lebanon), Dame Mary Guillan Smieton (United Kingdom), Vadim Sobakine (USSR), Tatsuo Suyama (Japan), Otilia A. de Tejeira (Panama), Alberto Wagner de Reyna (Peru)
PRINCIPAL OFFICERS OF THE SECRETARIAT
Director-General: René Maheu (France)
Deputy Director-General: Malcolm S. Adiseshiah (India)
Assistant Directors-General: John E. Fobes (United States), Alexey Matveyev (USSR), Tor Gjesdal (Norway) and Mahdi Elmandjra (Morocco) HEADQUARTERS AND OTHER OFFICES
HEADQUARTERS
UNESCO House
Place de Fontenoy
Paris 7°, France
Cable Address: UNESCO PARIS
NEW YORK OFFICE
c/o United Nations Headquarters, Room 2201 New York, N.Y. 10017, U.S.A.
Cable Address: UNESCORG NEWYORK
CHAPTER V
THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION (WHO)
During 1966, the World Health Organization
(WHO)1
continued to assist countries in im-proving their health services and in fighting communicable diseases, and further developed
its research and co-ordination work in numerous
fields.
By the end of the year, the number of WHO's full members rose to 124 with the admission of Singapore on 25 February 1966 and Guyana on 27 September 1966. There were three asso-ciate members by the end of 1966, Qatar, Mauritius and Southern Rhodesia.
In order to finance the work of WHO in 1967, the nineteenth World Health Assembly,
which met in Geneva from 3 to 20 May 1966,
adopted an effective working budget of
$51,515,-000. More than 1,400 health projects requested
by countries throughout the world were in-cluded in the 1967 programme.
The World Health Assembly decided to suspend the right of Portugal to participate in WHO's Regional Committee for Africa and in regional activities until the Government of that country had furnished proof of its willing-ness to conform to the injunctions of the United
Nations. In its resolution to this effect, the WHO Assembly referred in particular to the position
taken by the United Nations Security Council
1 For further information, particularly about WHO's,
functions and organization, and activities prior to 1966, see previous volumes of Y.U.N., and also the Official Records of the World Health Organization,
containing reports, with relevant documents, of the
996
THE INTER-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS on 31 July 1963 when it adopted a resolution2which, among other things, declared that the
system of government applied by Portugal to
the territories under its administration in Africa was contrary to the principles of the United Nations Charter. The World Health Assembly also suspended technical assistance to Portugal in accordance with a request made by the General Assembly of the United Nations on
21 December 1965.3
The new WHO headquarters building in Geneva was inaugurated on 7 May 1966. COMMUNICABLE DISEASES
MALARIA ERADICATION
The Expert Committee on Malaria, meeting in September 1966, reviewed the main factors involving progress, considered the development of peradication campaigns and made re-commendations on the approaches to malaria eradication south of the Sahara in the light of experience over the last 10 years. In evaluating the current situation, the committee noted that: 12 programmes of malaria eradication, covering
a population of 626 million, had progressed
satisfactorily; 22 programmes, covering a popu-lation of 230 million, were making slower
pro-gress, and the remaining eight programmes,
covering a population of 35 million, had made only very limited progress.
During the year, the island of Dominica, in the West Indies, was entered in the WHO official register of countries and territories in which malaria had been eradicated.
WHO continued to support five international training centres in malaria eradication at Lagos (Nigeria), Lomé (Togo), Manila (Philippines), Maracay (Venezuela) and São Paulo (Brazil). Since the malaria eradication programme in the State of Sao Paulo was so advanced that it offered little scope for the demonstration of field techniques, plans were made to transfer the Sao Paulo centre to another part of Brazil.
EPIDEMIOLOGICAL SURVEILLANCE
The first reports of examinations of thousands of blood sera obtained in Nigeria, Pakistan, the Philippines, Thailand and Togo were pre-pared and distributed during 1966 to interested workers in institutions and health
administra-tions. The sera from four of the countries were
collected by WHO epidemiological treponema-toses teams during evaluation surveys following mass anti-yaws campaigns. These investigations had been developed into broader immunological studies; pilot schemes included research on malaria, a number of virus diseases and human genetics.
INTERNATIONAL QUARANTINE
The reporting of cholera El Tor in Iraq, in August 1966, was followed by a chain-reaction of measures by neighbouring countries which were described in a WHO report by the Di-rector-General of WHO as being in excess of the requirements called for by the International Sanitary Regulations. Prohibition of entry by land, sea and air was applied not only to travellers from Iraq but also from other coun-tries reporting cholera. Repeated and urgent requests by WHO to States to withdraw mea-sures going beyond the provisions of the Inter-national Sanitary Regulations were only partially successful.
SMALLPOX ERADICATION
New impetus was given to the world-wide smallpox eradication programme by a decision of the World Health Assembly in 1966 to pro-vide for an intensified and co-ordinated effort in which WHO's participation would be fi-nanced from its regular budget. The Assembly urged countries that were planning to strengthen or initiate such programmes to do so as soon as possible and requested WHO member States and multilateral and bilateral agencies to pro-vide material support.
POLIOMYELITIS
A review of statistical information on polio-myelitis issued in 1966 revealed that in Europe, in 16 countries with good immunization cam-paigns, the average annual incidence of the di-sease in the years 1961 to 1964 was reduced by about 99 per cent compared with the five years before vaccination against the disease was
2 See Y.U.N., 1963 , p. 489. 3 See Y.U.N., 1965 , p. 615, operative paragraph 9 of General Assembly resolution 2107(XX).
introduced. In North America, Australia and New Zealand, it was reported, the disease had almost disappeared. In Africa, Asia and Latin America, some countries showed a steep decline in the incidence of the disease, but in the majority of countries in these regions there was either little change or an increase in the in-cidence.
In tropical and semitropical countries, it was revealed, poliomyelitis still attacked children in the first four years of life.
YELLOW FEVER
An epidemic of urban yellow fever broke out
in Senegal at the end of 1965. More than 230
cases with 216 deaths were reported. This was the first time the disease had been reported in Senegal since 1953, when there had been two cases. About 90 per cent of the deaths were those of children below the age of 10 years, indicating that only a small proportion of the population in this age group had been vac-cinated. As soon as the disease was recognized, extensive anti-mosquito measures and a large vaccination campaign were undertaken, with WHO providing vaccine and jet injectors. After that, no more cases were reported. The re-appearance of yellow fever in Senegal after 12 years called attention to the potential danger of this disease in West Africa. In March and April 1966, WHO obtained information on the situa-tion in countries in the region where yellow fever was a potential risk, established a system
for obtaining early information on occurrence of the disease, and advised health authorities on measures to be taken in case of an epidemic.
ONCHOCERCIASIS
WHO studies revealed that the problem of onchocerciasis4
—as of bilharziasis5
—had been aggravated by the many water development projects currently being undertaken, especially in Africa. At the same time, epidemiological information remained fragmentary. Thus, a survey carried out in one river basin area, where 80 out of 230 villages were visited, showed that over 80 per cent of the inhabitants were in-fected and in some villages as much as 16 per cent of the inhabitants were blind as a result.
ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH
COMMUNITY WATER SUPPLY
During 1966, WHO continued to give
long-term assistance to 72 countries, mainly in the form of the services of sanitary engineers. The improvement of community water supplies,
through long-term planning, development of
new agencies within governmental organizations and the training of local personnel, was the major objective of 83 projects and formed part
of 47 more.
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
Work in the field of environmental pollution centred on preparation of a report for the United Nations Economic and Social Council on the greater environmental pollution to be expected as a result of technological and in-dustrial developments and the increase in world population.
PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICES
NATIONAL HEALTH PLANNING
The rise in the number of requests received by WHO for advice and assistance in national health planning may be considered a reflection of the increased awareness, particularly on the part of the developing countries, of the im-portance of this activity. Most African countries had prepared or were working on general socio-economic plans, and WHO had given or was giving assistance to a number of them in prepar-ing the health sector of the plans. The countries concerned included Ethiopia, Kenya, Liberia,
Libya, Mali, Sierra Leone and Upper Volta. HEALTH PROTECTION AND PROMOTION
CANCER
Work by WHO in the field of cancer included assistance to studies on epidemiology, pathology and control, as well as training activities. During the year, the agency published a review of present trends in cancer research which noted
4
Onchocerciasis, also known as "river blindness," is caused by microscopic worms transmitted from person to person by blackflies.
5
Bilharziasis, sometimes called "snail fever," is caused by blood flukes transmitted by fresh-water snails.
998
THE INTER-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS that the application of epidemiological methodsin the study of this disease was increasing. The International Agency for Research on Cancer, established by the World Health Assem-bly in 1965, began its work in July 1966 in
temporary offices at WHO headquarters in Geneva before moving to Lyons, France. One
of its first endeavours called for as complete
as possible a study of the global incidence of cancer with a view to drawing attention to
specific needs and problems in prevention and control.
CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES
Among the recommendations made by the Advisory Committee on Medical Research, when it evaluated the WHO research programme on cardiovascular diseases after its first five years, was that a chain of collaborating research cen-tres, largely supported by the countries
con-cerned and working with full WHO recogni-tion, should be established.
Among projects functioning with WHO as-sistance in 1966 was one analysing the arterial blood pressure of subjects in Peru moving from lowland to mountains; another was a survey of rural and urban populations in Jamaica
de-signed to be compared with a similar survey in
Wales. In Kampala, Uganda, studies in progress at the WHO Research and Training Centre for Cardiovascular Diseases included
investiga-tions on arterial blood pressure and hypertension
in relation to cultural and socio-economic changes.
HUMAN GENETICS
Research projects conducted in 1966 with WHO support were focused on a group of
diseases which result from inherited
abnormali-ties affecting the function of red blood cells.
Other studies in which WHO participated in-cluded one seeking information on the way in which cultural and anthropological factors, di-sease trends and the ecology of populations may affect the demographic patterns. The most re-cent study was carried out in a group of vil-lages inhabited by Babinga pygmies on the borders of Cameroon, the Central African Re-public and the Congo (Brazzaville).
EDUCATION AND TRAINING
In 1966, WHO awarded 2,576 fellowships to nationals from 105 countries and territories. In order to help meet the acute shortage of
doctors in many parts of Africa, WHO con-tinued to provide a number of fellowships to
enable African students to go abroad for their full six years of undergraduate medical
train-ing. In view, however, of the value of training
in the home environment and in view of the
increase in training facilities in Africa, WHO
expected that the number of undergraduates
trained overseas would begin to diminish.
In 1966, WHO assisted Cameroon, Ethiopia, Kenya, Kuwait, Syria and Zambia in the estab-lishment of new medical schools and provided advice to several countries on the improvement of teaching methods.
PHARMACOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY
FOOD ADDITIVES
In many parts of the world there has been an increase in the amounts and kinds of ad-ditives in food, both intentional and uninten-tional. WHO and the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) have accordingly convened
meetings of experts to evaluate the toxicity of
food additives and to recommend safety levels in order to provide a scientific basis for legis-lative control by the authorities concerned. A group met in 1966 to review these problems in the light of recent advances in toxicology
and to discuss methods to be used in evaluating
the safety of food additives for the consumer and the establishment of safety margins in estimating the acceptable daily intake of the additives. The new criteria recommended were
used by the FAO Working Party and the WHO
Expert Committee on Pesticide Residues attheir joint meeting in November.
MEDICAL RESEARCH
Research in communicable diseases continued
to receive a large share—approximately 38 per
cent—of the research funds available from all sources. Non-communicable diseases received about 15.3 per cent of the funds. The bio-medical sciences and pharmacology and
per cent, and the research programmes in en-vironmental health and public health practice about 12 per cent each. An important aspect of research co-ordination is the scheme by which training grants were awarded to young scientists desiring to acquire experience in research metho-dology.
SECRETARIAT
As at 31 December 1966, the total number of full-time staff employed by WHO under per-manent, fixed-term and short-term appointments stood at 3,174. Of these, 1,812 were in the professional and higher categories; 1,055 of them were on technical assistance assignments.
There were 1,362 staff members in the general
service category, of whom 34 were employed in technical assistance projects.
As at 31 December 1966, the WHO secretariat staff members in the professional and higher categories were drawn from 93 WHO member States.
BUDGET
The nineteenth World Health Assembly, at its meeting in May 1966, adopted an effective working budget for 1967 of $51,515,000. This amount was apportioned as follows:
I. Organizational Meetings World Health Assembly
Executive Board and its committees Regional committees
II. Operating Programme Programme activities Regional offices Expert committees
III. Administrative Services Administrative Services
IV. Other Purposes Headquarters Building Fund
Grand total $ 402,000 184,200 124,800 711,000 41,614,190 4,903,633 262,000 46,779,823 3,524,177 3,524,177 500,000 500,000 $51,515,000
ANNEX I. MEMBERSHIP OF WHO AND CONTRIBUTIONS
(Membership as at 31 December 1966; contributions as assessed for 1967)
CONTRIBUTIONS MEMBER Afghanistan Albania Algeria Argentina Australia Austria Belgium Bolivia Brazil Bulgaria Burma Burundi Byelorussian SSR Cambodia Cameroon Canada
Central African Republic
Ceylon Chad Chile China Colombia Congo (Brazzaville) Congo, Democratic Republic of Costa Rica Percentage 0.05 0.04 0.09 0.82 1.41 0.47 1.02 0.04 0.85 0.15 0.05 0.04 0.46 0.04 0.04 2.83 0.04 0.07 0.04 0.24 3.79 0.21 0.04 0.05 0.04 Amount (in U.S. Dollars) 26,640 21,320 47,960 437,000 751,430 250,470 543,580 21,320 452,990 79,940 26,640 21,320 245,150 21,320 21,320 1,508,180 21,320 37,300 21,320 127,900 2,019,790 111,910 21,320 26,640 21,320 MEMBER Cuba Cyprus Czechoslovakia Dahomey Denmark Dominican Republic Ecuador El Salvador Ethiopia Finland France Gabon
Germany, Federal Republic Ghana Greece Guatemala Guinea Guyana* Haiti Honduras Hungary Iceland India Indonesia Iran Iraq CONTRIBUTIONS Percentage 0.18 0.04 0.99 0.04 0.55 0.04 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.38 5.43 0.04 of 6.61 0.07 0.22 0.04 0.04 — 0.04 0.04 0.50 0.04 1.65 0.35 0.18 0.07 Amount (in U.S. Dollars) 95,920 21,320 527,600 21,320 293,110 21,320 26,640 21,320 21,320 202,510 2,893,790 21,320 3,522,650 37,300 117,240 21,320 21,320 — 21,320 21,320 266,460 21,320 879,330 186,520 95,920 37,300
1000
THE INTER-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS MEMBER Ireland Israel Italy Ivory Coast Jamaica Japan Jordan Kenya Korea, Republic of Kuwait Laos Lebanon Liberia Libya Luxembourg Madagascar Malawi Malaysia Maldive Islands Mali Malta Mauritania Mexico Monaco Mongolia Morocco Nepal Netherlands New Zealand Nicaragua Niger Nigeria Norway Pakistan Panama Paraguay Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Romania Rwanda Saudi Arabia Senegal Sierra Leone CONTRIBUTIONS Percentage 0.14 0.15 2.26 0.04 0.05 2.47 0.04 0.04 0.12 0.05 0.04 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.11 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.72 0.04 0.04 0.10 0.04 0.99 0.34 0.04 0.04 0.15 0.39 0.33 0.04 0.04 0.08 0.31 1.29 0.13 0.31 0.04 0.06 0.04 0.04 Amount (in U.S. Dollars) 74,610 79,940 1,204,410 21,320 26,640 1,316,330 21,320 21,320 63,950 26,640 21,320 26,640 21,320 21,320 26,640 21,320 21,320 58,620 21,320 21,320 21,320 21,320 383,710 21,320 21,320 53,290 21,320 527,600 181,190 21,320 21,320 79,940 207,840 175,860 21,320 21,320 42,630 165,210 687,470 69,280 165,210 21,320 31,970 21,320 21,320 MEMBER Singapore Somalia South Africa Spain Sudan Sweden Switzerland Syria Thailand TogoTrinidad and Tobago Tunisia
Turkey Uganda
Ukrainian SSR
USSR
United Arab Republic United Kingdom CONTRIBUTIONS Percentage 0.04 0.04 0.46 0.65 0.05 1.12 0.78 0.05 0.12 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.31 0.04 1.76 13.30 0.21 6.43 United Republic of Tanzania 0.04 United States Upper Volta Uruguay Venezuela Viet-Nam, Republic of Western Samoa Yemen Yugoslavia Zambia Total 31.20 0.04 0.09 0.45 0.07 0.04 0.04 0.32 0.04 Amount (in U.S. Dollars) 21,320 21,320 245,150 346,400 26,640 596,880 415,680 26,640 63,950 21,320 21,320 26,640 165,210 21,320 937,950 7,087,930 111,910 3,426,720 21,320 16,627,320 21,320 47,960 239,820 37,300 21,320 21,320 170,540 21,320 99.94 53,260,710
* New member in 1966. The assessment was to be determined by the World Health Assembly in 1967.
CONTRIBUTIONS ASSOCIATE MEMBER Mauritius Qatar Southern Rhodesia Total Grand Total Percentage 0.02 0.02 0.02 Amount (in U.S. Dollars) 10,660 10,660 10,660 0.06 100.00 31,980 53,292,690
ANNEX II. OFFICERS AND OFFICES
(As at 31 December 1966)
PRESIDENT OF THE NINETEENTH WORLD HEALTH ASSEMBLY
Dr. Arnold Sauter (Switzerland)
EXECUTIVE BOARD Member Dr. J. Watt (Chairman) Prof. R. Geric (Vice-Chairman) Designated by United States Yugoslavia Member Dr. J. C. Happi (Vice-Chairman) Dr. A. Abdulhadi Designated by Cameroon Libya
Mr. A. F. Abrar Dr. A. R. M. Al-Adwani E. Aujaleu Dr. J. C. Azurin Dr. D. Badarou Dr. A. Benyakhlef Dr. M. Din bin Ahmad Dr. N. H. Fisek
Sir George Godber
D. Gonzales Torres Somalia Kuwait France Philippines Dahomey Morocco Malaysia Turkey United Kingdom Paraguay Dr. A. A. Al Huraibi Dr. O. Keita Dr. Pe Kyin P. Macuch Dr. P. D. Martinez Dr. V. V. Olguin Dr. M. P. Otolorin Dr. C. Quiros Dr. K. N. Rao Dr. D. D. Venediktov Yemen Guinea Burma Czechoslovakia Mexico Argentina Nigeria Peru India USSR
SENIOR OFFICERS OF WHO SECRETARIAT
Director-General: Dr. M. G. Candau Deputy Director-General: Dr. Pierre Dorolle
Assistant Directors-General: Dr. L. Bernard, Dr. N. Izmerov, Dr. P. M. Kaul, Dr. A. M-M. Payne, M. P. Siegel, Dr. J. Karefa-Smart
Director, Regional Office for Africa: Dr. A. A. Quenum Director, Regional Office for the Americas (Pan
Ameri-can Sanitary Bureau): Dr. A. Horwitz
Director, Regional Office for South-East Asia: Dr. C.
Mani
Director, Regional Office for Europe: Dr. P. J. J. van de Calseyde
Director, Regional Office for the Eastern Mediter-ranean: Dr. A. H. Taba
Director, Regional Office for the Western Pacific: Dr. F. J. Dy
HEADQUARTERS AND REGIONAL OFFICES
HEADQUARTERS
World Health Organization Avenue Appia
1211 Geneva 27
Cable Address: UNISANTE GENEVE
REGIONAL AND OTHER OFFICES
World Health Organization United Nations
New York, N.Y. 10017, U.S.A.
Cable Address: UNSANTE NEW YORK World Health Organization
Regional Office for Africa P.O. Box No. 6
Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo Cable Address: UNISANTE BRAZZAVILLE World Health Organization
Regional Office for the Americas/Pan American Sanitary Bureau
525 23rd Street, N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20037, U.S.A.
Cable Address: OFSANPAN WASHINGTON
World Health Organization
Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean P.O. Box 1517
Alexandria, United Arab Republic
Cable Address: UNISANTE ALEXANDRIA
World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe 8 Scherfigsvej
Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
Cable Address: UNISANTE COPENHAGEN
World Health Organization Regional Office for South-East Asia World Health House
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