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Unit - 1

SOCIOLOGY AND EDUCATION

Education is the third eye' of a person. Education removes darkness and shatters illusion. It gives insight into all affairs. Man realize the true essence of life. Right education gives understanding about life.

Education helps in cultivation of values, favorable attitude, and development of various skills. Education must help the individual in his social adjustment. A person without education really blind. Rousseau says, “Plants are developed by cultivation and men by education”. Kothari commission (1964-66) viewed, “the destiny of India is now being shaped in the classroom”.

INTRODUCTION TO SOCIOLOGY

Sociology is the systematic study of society. Sociology encompasses all the elements of society i.e. social relation, social, stratification, social interaction, culture

MEANING OF SOCIOLOGY

Sociology is defined as “Science of Society'. The term “Sociology’s coined from the Latin word “Socious' which means "Associate' 'Society and the Greek word 'logos' which means 'Systematic Study' or

‘Science’. Sociology is a systematic study or science of society or science of associated people. Sociology originally evolved as independent discipline from the philosophy at early years of 19th century. The French philosopher and mathematician ‘AugusteCompte' (1798-1857) was first time used the term

“sociology' in 1842 in his book ‘Cours de Philosophic Positive' hence he was considered as father of sociology.

Aguste Compte was defined sociology as "the science of social phenomena".

Compte was followed by an English philosopher Herbert Spencer (1820-1903) who wrote his book.“Principles of Sociology” in 1876.

Spencer believed that the human individual is like the Cell' and the society was like an 'Organism' composed of different cells.

Duncan defined sociology as “The scientific study of the processes of interactions of persons”.

Whitty and Young (1976) says, “Sociology can perhaps be bestregarded as an attempt to name that which secretly keeps society going”. Gillinand Gillin state, “Sociology in its broadest sense may be said to be the study of interaction arising from the association of living beings".

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Green states, “Sociology is the synthesizing and generalizing science of man in all his social relationships”.

Maclver and Page define sociology as "social relationships, the network of relationships we call society".

Moore and Cole describe sociology as a study of plural behavior. Plural behavior means behavior in relation to others. The behavior of man in relation to other men and in relation to the group or associations. In other words, the central theme in sociology is social interaction. Social interaction includes interaction with culture and other institutions of interaction, such as the family, the play and peer group, religious, economic and educational institutions, and every form of group living

Ginsberg says that sociology is the study of society. It is the web tissue of human interaction and inter- relation. It is concerned with all that happens to human beings by “virtue of their relationship to each other”.

According to Barry Sugarman, “Sociology is the objective study of human behavior in so far as it is affected by the fact that people live in groups.”

T.B. Bottomore defined, “Sociology is interested in the study of social life as a totality, with the whole intricate network of social institutions and groups which constitute a society”.

Robbins says, “Sociology deals with the whole man in relation to his social and biophysical background."

Thus, sociology throws light on man as a social being. Sociology is the study of social relationships, It studies the human behavior in groups. It studies the social structure and social phenomena. In the study of sociology different forms of human interrelations are involved.

John Dewey, an American Educationist, popularised “Sociology of Education' through his works "School and Society" and "Democracy and Education”. According to him, there are two sides to the process of Education.

They are:

1) Psychology and 2) Sociology.

NATURE & SCOPE OF SOCIOLOGY

Nature & Scope of Sociology:

1. Sociology is a Humanizing Science.

2. Sociology Extends its tantacles in every Direction.

3. Sociology is concerned with Social facts.

4. Sociologists are people, who serve the society.

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5. Sociologists believe that all things are relative.

6. Sociology does not give solution to our problem..

7. Sociology helps for a better understanding of human behavior.

8. Sociology'plays a part in human behavior.

9. Sociology differs from the exact science SOCIOLOGY OF EDUCATION

Education is a subsystem of the society. Sociology of education is the new subject which evolved from sociology. It is the branch of sociology which emphasizes on sociological problems and find outs the solutions. Sociology of education is the application of sociological perspectives to the institution of education.

Educational Sociology:

First studied as Educational sociology than it is developed as sociology of education. Educational sociology is the applied side of sociology which is the study of social relationships. Social relationships are of various types and educational sociology covers educational relationships.

E. George Payne (U.S.A), “Father of Educational Sociology “Educational Sociology is the science which describes and explains institutions, groups and social processes in relation to the educational system in its evolution and changing function”.

E. George Payne has done great work in three way. They are:

1. “National Society for the study of Educational Sociology' was established in 1923 at America.

2. Started Journal Journal of Educational Sociology'.

3. Written a book ‘Principles of Educational Sociology'irr 1928. According to Dan. W. Dodson,

"Educational Sociology is particularly interested in finding out how to manipulate the educational process to achieve better personality development":

Good states, “Educational Sociology is the scientific study of how people live in social groups".

John Dewey, a great American educational thinker did a lot of work to popularize the idea of educational sociology through his books 'Experience and Education' (1938), 'Schools of Tomorrow' (1942), and Education Today' (1949). John Dewey greatly emphasized the social function of education. He considered school as a social institution which ‘purifies' and 'idealizes’ the existing social institutions.

Sociology of Education:

The sociology of education is the study of how social institutions and individual experiences affects education and its outcome. Education is concerned with all forms of education i.e. formal and informal

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education systems of modern society. It is relatively a new branch and two great sociologist Émile Durkheim and Max Weber were the father of sociology of education. Émile Durkheim's work on moral education as a basis for social solidarity is considered the beginning of sociology of education.

Sociology of education is one of the specialized fields of social inquiry. It analyses the institutions and organizations of education. It studies the functional relationship between education and the other great institutional orders of society such as the economy, the polity, religion and kinship. It concentrates on.educational system or subsystem or individual school or college.

Sociology of education studies education as an agent of transmission of culture. It studies the functional importance of education also. It makes studies of school organization and the relation between schools and social structure, especially social class, family and neighborhood. The interaction of these social forces with the internal organization of school is explored in order to find out the social determines of educability.

Sociology of education stresses upon the social importance of education. The sociology of education is the study of how social institutions and forces affect educational processes and outcomes, and vice versa. Sargent (1994) says, “Education is understood to be a means of overcoming handicaps, achieving greater equality and acquiring wealth and status for all”. Learners may be motivated by aspirations for progress and betterment. Education is perceived as a place where children can develop according to their unique needs and potentialities. The purpose of education is to develop every individual to their full potential.

DEFINITIONS OF SOCIOLOGY OF EDUCATION

Sociology of Education may be defined as the scientific analysis. of the social processes and social patterns involved in the educational system.

According to Durkheim, Educational Sociology is concerned with the progress of society through the medium of education. It studies the objectives of the school as a social institution and its relationship to the community. It is interested in the implications of curriculum construction, classroom organization and methods of teaching and their cffect upon group life.

According to Gerald Bernbaun: "Vigorous and disciplined analysis of educational institutions, their changing forms and of developments of the manifold interrelationships between such instructions and the wider society such an analysis being conducted in the light of sociological principles and methods of enquiry". Neal and Gross identifies three contributions of sociology to the theory and practice of education:

1. Describes the impact of social system on educational process.

2. 'It provides a systematic analysis of the school as a major institution in society.

3. It brings sociological theory and method to bear on social interaction in the classroom setting.

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According to Prof, Jeffrey, sociology of education studies the social interactions, relationships and behavioral patterns related to learning process.

According to Prof. William Taylor, "Educational sociology is usually an activity of educators and sociology of education is an activity of sociologists”.

Dr. S.P. Ruhela and Dr. Vyas point out that the educational sociology has been more or less concerned with the applied side of sociology and sociology of cducation with the theoretical side of sociology.

Dr S. Radhakrishnan said that the main objective of education is to give training to studentsto undertake occupations effectively and to become proper leaders in various social fields in which they happen to work.

Brook over and Gottlieb consider that this assumés education is a combination of social acts and that sociology is an analysis of human interaction. Educational process goes on in a formal as well as in informal situations. Sociological analysis of the human interaction in education may include both situations and might lead to the

NATURE OF SOCIOLOGY OF EDUCATION

George Payne, Father of Educational Sociology, was explained nature in his book “The Principles of Educational Sociology” Published in 1928:

1. Sociology of Education explain the effects of learning on group life and that of the group life on learning:

2. It explain the ‘how education as social process and may eliminate the social defects'.

3. It describe that how education as a social process may strengthen the desirable ideals and standards that a social aims to achieve.

Sociology of education emphasizes on educational problems in a sociological way. It makes use of sociological findings and insight to tackle educational problems. It is the application of sociological perspectives to the institution of education.

SCOPE OF SOCIOLOGY OF EDUCATION

The scope of sociology of education is vast. The scope can be seen in two aspects i.e. Sociological and Educationál.

The Sociology of education is concerned with sociological problems. It is the application of sociological perspectives to the institution of education.

Sociology of education studies the relation of education to various social institutions, such as Family, Home, Culture, Socialization, Social Stratification and Social Mobility etc.

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It includes how culture is handed over to coming generations through agencies like the school, the home, the religious organizations, the play groups etc.

5. It includes how socialization of the child takes place as a result of social interaction.

It includes the role of social agencies in the educational process. The school, the press, the radio, the television, and the cinema.

It includes education as a mean of social change and social control.

It deals with the impact of sociological thinking on the meaning, aims and functions of education, the curricular and co-curricular activities, social organization and methodology of teaching.

It deals with analysis of educational situations in various geographical and ethnological contexts. E.g.

Educational situations in rural, urban and tribal areas, in different parts of the Country/ world, with the background of different races, cultures etc.

It studies the role and structure of school, peer group on the personality of the students.

It provides an understanding of the problems such as racism, communalism, gender discrimination etc.

It studies the role of schools in socialization of the students. It suggests ways to develop national integration, international understanding, the spirit of scientific temper, globalization among the students.

It promotes research studies related to planning, organization and application of various theories in education.

All these are the concernsof education and sociology asinseparable discipline focusing on the problems of the society. Sociology of education is not merely theoretical but it is also practical. It is the job of sociology of education to find out the ways and means as to how manipulate the educational process to achieve better personality development and thus better social control.

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN EDUCATIONAL SOCIOLOGY AND SOCIOLOGY OF EDUCATION

Educational Sociology is that science which merely attempts to apply the innovated principles of sociology to the field of education. It is a specific branch of applied sociology whereas sociology of Education is not an applied branch, but it is a kind of specialization. It rather attempts to develop necessary principles and laws regarding Education as a Social subsystem and its internal relationships within itself as well as its external relationships with other institutions of the society. It is concerned with both the construction of the organisation and its application.

Educational Sociology does not apply its principles evolved anywhere in the field of Sociology of Education.

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Educational Sociology and Sociology of Education are two branches of study that are understood as one and the same branch, but they are actually not. So they indeed show some differences between them when it comes to the subjects of their study and the nature of the branches of study. The sociology of Education is the study of public institutions and individual experiences about education and its outcomes.

Educational Sociology is the branch of study that deals with the various methods provide better education to society through an in depth research of our culture and society. Educational sociology is a subject that has to take both the sociologists and the educationists into consideration.

In the sociology of Education, Education has been viewed as a basically optimistic human effort characterized by aspirations for improvement and betterment. Education is thus a fundamental Endeavour of every individual.

Sociological Perspective of Education implies the following:

1. Education is essentially as a social process.

Education takes place only in society.

Social Milieu itself educates the child.

4. Education has an important social role to play.

5. Education is a lifelong process.

6. School is just one but most important of all the social institutions.

Education is a social institution that sociologists are very interested in studying. This includes teaching formal knowledge such as reading, writing, and arithmetic, as well as teaching other things such as morals, values, and ethics. Education prepares young people for entry into society and is thus a form of socialization. Sociologists want to know how this form of socialization affects and is affected by other social structures, experiences, and outcomes.

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SOCIOLOGY AND EDUCATION

Emile Durkheim, the French sociologist is considered to be the father of modern educational Sociology.

He assigned to education a cleansing and reformatory role in society. He wanted that education should recognize social life and same and make the improvised society.

The conceptual frame work here is functionalism, the search for the social function performed by education. It is the part played by education in the maintenance and promotion of social cohesion and social unity. Education was required by Durkheim to undertake the methodical socialization of the younger generation. In other words, education has to develop those values and skills that are expected to the child by the society.

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Sociology, like physics, is a pure science whereas education, like engineering, is its applied or

technological aspect. Education takes place in society. The child has to learn the ways of life of his group.

He gets certain beliefs, acquires certain skills and learn certain values. His personality takes shape in a social milieu. He gets socialized through education. This socialization or education therefore is a social process, which takes place in a social context, and which influences and shapes the social behavior of children. Education is thus the agency through which new comers are inducted into society. Education molds the patterns of behavior of the young in response to a value system. These two namely the patterns of behavior and values on which they are based are the two principal foci of sociology.

Relationship between Sociology & Education:

According to Sociology thinkers, education is not the same thing as schooling, nor is it the teaching and learning of a certain body of subject matter. It is much more than these. It is equal to the development of character and personality by means of social life of educational institutions. This social life includes drama, music, visual arts, religious maters, debates, discussions etc. From sociological point of view, education is regarded as a process in which there are two aspects: The Psychological & Sociological.

Sociologists believe the sociological aspect as important because true education comes through the stimulation of the child's power by the demand of the social situation in which he survives. One of the important factor of sociological aspect is culture.

According to sociologists education is a social process which helps in eliminating the defects in a society and may perpetuate desirable institutions & group activities. They attach great importance to one of the important aspect of education i.e. learning which the result of social interaction & Social motivation is.

They consider education as process of direct learning. This implies the necessity of providing children with purposeful experiences, so that they may become useful citizens as a part of education.

Hence the relationship between sociology and education can clearly be understood by the fact that education is a consciously controlled process, whereby changes in behavior are produced in an individual within the group. The sociology of education focuses on the social forces through which the individual is developed and the social relations by which the individual gains experience.

Uses of sociology of Education:

1. The theories of educational sociology give direction to educational policy makers.

2. They help the teacher in the effective classroom management and promoting discipline.

3. It is also helpful to the teacher and guidance counselling in identifying the causes of the problems of students like-bullying, speaking of falsehood and such other personal problems. 4. The sociological data will help in the therapeutic use also.

SOCIALIZATION

Socialization means the development of social behavior. This social behavior is developed through the process of social interaction among individuals. Socialization is the process of interaction among

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members of the society through which the young learns the values of the society and the way of doing and thinking that are deemed to be right and proper.

MEANING OF SOCIALISATION

Socialization is the process of preparing the children to fit well.in the society into which they are born.

The family, the school, neighborhood, community, religion, media, cinema etc. are some of the chief agencies of society to socialize the human beings. It is a slow and continuous process. It starts at birth and ends with death. Kimball Young: Has classified human learning into two types.

The personal social conditioning and the cultural conditioning all human learning includes social conditioning. In the broadest sense of the term, by and large, socialization is a part of the process of universal human learning

Definitions of Socialization:

According to Drever, “Socialisation is a process by which the individual is adapted to his social environment and becomes a recognized cooperating and efficient member of it.”

Bogardus defines socialization as the “process whereby persons learn to behave dependently together for human welfare”.

According to Guskin and Guskin, "-socialization is the process by which an individual learns the behavior, the values and the expectation of others that enable him to take on particular roles in society". Cook refers Socialization as a process as a result of which children take on themselves the various social roles, social learning and development tasks.

Havighurst and Newgartonare of the view that “socialization is the process by which children learn the ways of their society and make those ways part of their personality”.

Ross observes, “Socialization is the development of we-feeling in associates and the growth in their capacity and will to act together”.

Gandhiji says, “I value individual freedom but you must not forget than man is essentially a social being and socialization is the process of making a social being

Margaret Mead and several other scholars regard Socialization "asa process of acculturation”.

Acculturation implies acquiring the culture of the society. Culture refers to the total way of life of people. Thus culture includes attitudes, beliefs, customs, folkways, habits, morals, traditions, knowledge, arts, law etc. of group or a society.

According to Dewey, Socialization is a process by which the individual becomes a socially efficient individual'.

The main objective of socialization is to enable the individual to conform to the norms of the group or the society to which he belongs. In simple words, socialization is a process in which an individual

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identifies himself with the society. An individual learns social attitudes, social skills and social knowledge which leads to his social maturity and social adjustment.

PROCESS OF SOCIALIZATION

Socialization is a term used by sociologists and educationalists to. refer to the lifelong process of inheriting and disseminating norms, customs, and ideologies, providing an individual with the skills and habits necessary for participating within his or her own society. Socialization is thus “the means by which social and cultural continuity are attained."

Socialization is a learning process that begins shortly after birth. Early childhood is the period of the most intense and the most crucial socialization. It is then that we acquire language and learn the

fundamentals of our culture. It is also when much of our personality takes shape. However, we continue to be socialized throughout our lives. As we age, we enter new statuses and need to learn the

appropriate roles for them.

Orville F. Brim (Jr) described socialization as a life-long process, He maintains that socialization of adults differ from childhood socialization. There are many different forms of socialization, but two types are particularly important for children. These two types are known as primary and secondary socialization, sense of Primary socialization refers to socialization of the infant in the primary or earliest years of his life. It is a process by which the infant learns language and cognitive skills, internalizes norms and values.

The infant learns the ways of a given grouping and is molded into an effective social participant of that group.The norms of society become part of the personality of the individual. The child does not have a wrong and right. By direct and indirect observation and experience, he gradually learns the norms relating to wrong and right things. The primary socialization takes place in the family.

Secondary socialization is the process can be seen at work outside the immediate family, in the 'peer group'. The growing child learns very important lessons in social conduct from his peers. He also learns lessons in the school. Hence, socialization continues beyond and outside the family environment.

Secondary socialization generally refers to the social training received by the child in institutional or formal settings and continues throughout the rest of his life.

Characteristics of Socialization: ..

1. Socialization is a continuous process

2. Socialization is visible as well as non-visible process 6. The process of socialization develops the social maturity.

7. Development of psychic part of child and social efficient of child both are part and partial in process of socialization. It results the personality development.

8. The socialization process can be describe as learning process,

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SOCIAL AGENCIES OF EDUCATION

Society has developed a number of specialized institutions to carry out their functions of education.

These agencies are known as agencies of socialization or of individual group interaction. There are two types of agencies. They are the formal and informal. 1. Informal Agencies:

These are institutions which diffuse and transmit culture and knowledge from one generation to another in an informal & unorganized manner.

Examples: The family, the play group, the community, relatives etc. 2. Formal Agencies:

The agencies which are set up by the society with the objective of carrying out the various functions of education are called formal agencies.

Examples: The school, the temple, gurudwara, libraries, organized& creation centers, Arya Samaj, Rama Krishna Mission, Jamia Milia etc.

A. The Home: Socialization: Socialization means learning of principles to live Hetter in the society. 2018 As per young, "Introducing the child to cultural world is socialization”.

Family: Family is very ancient social organization. Every person must be lead life being a member of a family from birth to death. Family is permanent and universal. Every child starts Socialization with his mother and then with other persons in the society. Every person learns his own customs, culture through his family only.

3. Based on the time, place, the process of socialization will be doffer

4. The child can absorb the values, social standards, beliefs, behavioral patterns in the process of socialization.

5. The process of socialization is helping for making better individual in society.

Family plays a pivotal role in the socialization of a child. It is family where he is born comes in Close contact with his parents and of her member of the family. It is regarded as the primary agent of socialization,

Family is the place than an individual encounter socialization process. The parents bring him up. The atmosphere in which the child is brought up makes him either social or anti-social. Good atmosphere socializes the child in healthy manses.

Children learn skills by observing the parents talk, move etc. Family provides the entire essential for the Childs survival i.e. food, clothing, shelter, love, care and affection. Which in retum he may do others in the society.

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Family socializes the child to learn a number of socially desirable qualities like that of love, sympathy, tolerance, cooperation etc. It is during the childhood that basic indoctrination into the value system, language learning takes place in order to socialize.

A child socializes by involving himself in training for future roles. Family plays a major role at the early childhood as well as it acts as an agent of socialization throughout the life of a person.

The three goals of socialization are survival, economic success and self-actualization. All the three goals have their base in the family. The child gains the knowledge and skills from his parents that he expects to acquire from the society.

A child learns values, standard, attitudes language, skills, opinion, beliefs, roles customs, responsibilities and all everything from family in order to achieve the goals of socialization directly or indirectly.

B. Peer Group:

There are groups in which most members are of equal age and of similar social status. People of all age lends form peer groups of their own. Peer group influences are encouraged by extracurricular activities, sports and other social influences. Peer group is primarily an activity group which operates through social, recreational and vocational activities. It assist the individual teen-ager in the process of self- identification and self-discovery, social and emotional emancipation from the family is possible through Peer group.

The School:

It is one of the formal agencies of Socialization. It has acquired importance because of its sociological changes & influences. The school as a formal agency of education imparts the maximum knowledge of the subjects required for necessary living of a useful and successful life. These subjects include

languages, mathematics, social and natural sciences. Schools also cater to vocational education; a variety of trades, occupations and professions are introduced to the students at the secondary level.

Physical education, games and sports also features as activities in schools.

Thus, John Dewey has described the school as dynamic functions of reviewing, rehearing and vitalizing the social fabric, the function of constantly reorganizing& reconstructing human experiences. School as an agency of Education are:

1. Socialization: The school socializes the child immensely. Children from different families come in contact in the school, in the class room, in the library, canteen and in play ground. Interaction takes place & children become more & more socially efficient.

2. Teaching: School teaches the children, & the learners are able to learn a good deal from their teachers have impact on the personality of the children.

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3. Modification of behavior: Interaction with the junior students, senior students, senior students, classmates and teachers modifies the behavior of child.

4. Acquaintance with culture: The process of schooling helps the children from poor socially &

economically backward children to understand their culture, celebrations of festivals, organization of different functions, text books deal about culture. Child gets working knowledge of culture.

5. Helps in Physical development: Physical growth and development takes place in school. They enjoy the company of classmates during recess & free time. They participate in different games and develop physically.

6. Preservation of Traditions and conventions: The school preserves the tradition & conventions of the society. By organizing different functions & by celebrating different festivals. It also promotes &

propagates many values in the students.

7. Inculcation of fellow felling: Away from parent- children are able to have the company of their classmates. The Social group of the school doesn't allow them to feel boredom of life. They try to show sympathy & comfort in between each other.

8. A center of community life: School provides a place where community peoples can meet; plan &

work. Schools are the mini society. Children of The school come from different family group in that community, harmonious development of personality, overall development in the school & homes is realized in the parent-teacher association meetings & work can be done together.

Their schools may be regarded as a social invention to serve society, for the specialized teaching of young.

D. The Community:

Community also plays vital role in the process of socialization. Various social functions and community programmes provide ample opportunities to children to participate in them whole heartedly and develop socially desirable qualities.

Other agencies of Education:

The other agencies of education includes the cinema, the radio and the press.

E. Cinema:

It is a very popular and powerful agency and an effective instrument in modifying human behavior and in disseminating cultural values and habits. It makes an appeal to “our senses”, to our imagination and arouses a variety of emotions and thus succeeds in developing and capturing the spontaneous interest of the audience. The appeal is made through word, sound, color, through action and depiction of love, sorrow, anger, revenge and other basic human motives and emotions.

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Educational films, in the form of features & documentaries, have great possibilities in education the students to a greater extent.

F. Radio:

The radio is being used as a valuable auditory aid and a supplement to classroom instruction. The AIR (All India Radio) has a daily school hour programme, in which useful talks, dramas and discussions of literacy, scientific, geographical and historical values are presented, there being specially planned and written by teachers and educationists. Talks on general topics concerning our daily life, interpersonal relationships, the impact of science on us and other should be transmitted for a liberal education of our children.

G. Mass media Communication (Press):

Mass media which are more or less electronic provide a multisensory environment of all-encompassing wholeness and entirely. These media have speeded up communication. They have brought about an inclusive consciousness and personal involvement of many human beings simultaneously. The World has become a global village. These media are extensions if our nervous system they influence our behavior and the present fabric of our society. The media are becoming so important that they condition human consciousness. The message they carry is not as important as the forms through which the message is conveyed. The media are not only altering the meaning of life, they alter all patterns of human communication and human inter-dependence.

ROLE OF THE TEACHER/ SCHOOL IN THE SOCIALIZATION OF THE CHILD

Socialization is nothing but, transmitting the norms do's and don'ts in a convincing way to the child and making him translate those into practice in order to make the child acceptable and a befitting, member of the group or a society in future he is going to become a member.

There are many types of socialization namely formal socialization in formal socialization diffused socialization etc. since the school isa formal agency established by the government it is very much interested in only formal type of socialization. Informal socialization is the act of home and church and peer groups etc.

There are three theories of socialization namely, symbolic, Mechanical and international. Symbolic type is that which brings modification at mental level in attitudes. Mechanical socialization is that which brings changes only in the exhibited behavior of the child. Both of these types happened to be partial and incomplete because one interested in attitudes and the other in the behavior. International

socialization is said to be the complete and perfect and desired on which brings changes correspondingly in attitudes and behaviors both at the same time.

IMPACT OF SOCIALIZATION ON EDUCATION

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A EDUCATION AND ITS IMPLICATION TO EDUCATION

According to sociologists, education is a social process which may eliminate defects in a society.

Education is considered is the result of social interaction and social motivation. Sociological concepts, values. principles are playing very important role in the educational process. Essentially, it is considered as foundation. It is imperative to maintain good human relations in the group in order to be able to work together with success. The sociological foundations are concerned with the human relation's factor-the behavior of individuals and their relations to each other. If the ultimate purpose of the social sciences is the improvement of human relations, that of education is the improvement of individuals; and therefore of human relations. Sociology and its implication to Education: Sociology of education has influenced educational thought and practices in a number of ways:

1 Meaning of Education: According to Browns “Education is the consciously controlled process whereby changes in behavior are produced in the person and through the person with in the group”. 2. Aims of Education: The development of sociological tendency in education has put special emphasis as regard aims of education. → Developmentof social attitudes, feelings and qualities is the aim of education, >

Development of social efficiency in individual.

Improvement in vocational efficiency.

Effective use of leisure time and development of healthy recreational pursuits.

3. Functions of Education:

Gain more and more knowledge.

Education as means of social control.

Education as a means of transmission of social heritage. > Education as a means of social progress.

Education as a means of developing constructive and creative outlook of the individual.

4. Curriculum: The primary concern of the curriculum is the development of "we feeling-a feeling that the student belongs to the society and has a spirit of social interaction”. According toeducational sociologists, curriculum should construct based on the following aspects:

Aspirations and ideals of the society.

Needs and problems of the society.

Reflect the basic cultural values of the society.

Should develop healthy human relations.

Develop vocational efficiency among students.

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Should prepare students for world citizenship and international understanding Should be flexible and dynamic.

5. Methods of Teaching

: Sociologically acceptable methods should apt for teaching learning process. The methods of teaching should develop problem solving attitude among students. It should be based on group work and socialized techniques like project method, social survey technique make use as method. The students acquire those skills in the classroom which are helpful to them in their adjustment to social situation.

6. The Teacher

: The educational sociologists consider teacher as a “social engineer’- an engineer who can play an important role in social reconstruction. According to Kothari commission (1964-66),

“the destiny of India is being shaped in its classroom”. Kothari commission given important role for teachers. A teacher is expected to:

Possess right attitude of social behavior.

No gender,caste, religion, region based differences showed with students.

Regard to the dignity of the pupils.

7. The Discipline

:Democratic and socially accepted discipline should be accepted. The student should accept self-imposed discipline. Education should develop healthy Manners, disciplined pattern of life and also develop socially accepted values among students.

Today the social order has become very complex. Therefore education being a social function has to fulfill various needs. Moreover, due to the explosion of knowledge, scientific and technological advancement, and as well as value crisis in the society, the role of education has tremendously increased. It has to provide total education for knowledge, skills, attitudes, understanding culture, develop values, and proper orientation on modern world.

References

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