HIs virtues. Verses revealed about him

ﻢﻴﺣﺮﻟا ﻦﻤﺣﺮﻟا ﻪﻠﻟا ﻢﺴﺑ

ﺐﻗﺎﻨﳌا بﺎﺘﻛ

ُﻪْﻨَﻋ ُﻪﱠﻠﻟا َ ِﴈَر ﱢ ِﳼِرﺎَﻔْﻟا َن َماْﻠ َﺳ ِم َﻼ ْﺳِإ بﺎَﺑ

The conversion of Salman Farsi (r)

- Salman Farsi (r) was AbuAbillah and known as Salman al- Khayr - he was freed by the Prophet (s). When he was asked about his lineage he said, Salman Ibnul ISlam: I am the son of ISlam. He was from Faaris (Persia)

HIs virtues

َلﺎـَﻗ ﻪﻨـﻋ ﻪﻠـﻟا ﴇر ،َةَﺮْﻳَﺮـُﻫ ِبيَأ ْﻦـَﻋ ، ِﺚْﻴَﻐـْﻟا ِبيَأ ْﻦـَﻋ ،ٍرْﻮَﺛ ْﻦـَﻋ ،ٍلَﻼـِﺑ ُﻦـْﺑ ُن َماْﻴَﻠـ ُﺳ ﻲِﻨـَﺛﱠﺪـَﺣ َلﺎـَﻗ ،ِﻪﱠﻠـﻟا ِﺪْﺒـَﻋ ُﻦـْﺑ ِﺰـﻳِﺰَﻌـْﻟا ُﺪْﺒـَﻋ ﻲِﻨـَﺛﱠﺪـَﺣ ْﻢـُﻫ ْﻦـَﻣ ُﺖْﻠـُﻗ َلﺎـَﻗ {ْﻢِﻬـِﺑ اﻮُﻘَﺤْﻠـَﻳ ﱠماَﻟ ْﻢُﻬْﻨـِﻣ َﻦـﻳِﺮـَﺧآَو} ِﺔَﻌُﻤـُﺠْﻟا ُةَرﻮ ُﺳ ِﻪْﻴَﻠـَﻋ ْﺖـَﻟِﺰْﻧُﺄـَﻓ ﻢﻠـﺳو ﻪﻴﻠـﻋ ﻪﻠـﻟا ﲆﺻ ﱢﻲِﺒﱠﻨـﻟا َﺪْﻨـِﻋ ﺎـ ًﺳﻮُﻠـُﺟ ﺎﱠﻨـُﻛ َن َماْﻠـ َﺳ َﲆَﻋ ُهَﺪـَﻳ ﻢﻠـﺳو ﻪﻴﻠـﻋ ﻪﻠـﻟا ﲆﺻ ِﻪﱠﻠـﻟا ُلﻮ ُﺳَر َﻊـ َﺿَو ، ﱡ ِﳼِرﺎَﻔـْﻟا ُن َماْﻠـ َﺳ ﺎَﻨﻴـِﻓَو ،ﺎـًﺛَﻼَـﺛ َلَﺄـ َﺳ ﻰﱠﺘـَﺣ ُﻪْﻌـِﺟاَﺮُﻳ ْﻢَﻠـَﻓ ِﻪﱠﻠـﻟا َلﻮ ُﺳَر ﺎـَﻳ ." ِءَﻻُﺆَﻫ ْﻦِﻣ ـ ٌﻞُﺟَر ْوَأ ـ ٌلﺎَﺟِر ُﻪَﻟﺎَﻨَﻟ ﺎﱠﻳَ ﱡثرﻟا َﺪْﻨِﻋ ُنﺎَيمِﻹا َنﺎَﻛ ْﻮَﻟ " َلﺎَﻗ ﱠﻢُﺛ

Narrated Abu Huraira: While we were sitting with the Prophet (ﷺ) Surat Al-Jumu'a was revealed to him, and when the Verse,

"And He (Allah) has sent him (Muhammad) also to other

(Muslims)...' (62.3) was recited by the Prophet, I said, "Who are they, O Allah's Messenger (ﷺ)?" The Prophet (ﷺ) did not reply till I repeated my question thrice. At that time, Salman Al-Farisi was with us. So Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) put his hand on Salman, saying, "If Faith were at (the place of) Ath-Thuraiya (pleiades, the highest star), even then (some men or man from these people (i.e. Salman's folk) would attain it.” [Bukhari: 4897]

Verses revealed about him

AbdurRahman b. Zayd b. Aslam reported from his father: The verse: ِداَبِع ْر ِّشَبَف ۚ ٰىَر ْشُبْلا ُمُهَل َِّللها ىَلِإ اوُباَنَأَو اَهوُدُبْعَي نَأ َتوُغاَّطلا اوُبَنَتْجا َنيِذَّلاَو was revealed regarding Zayd b. Amr b. Nufayl, AbuDharr, Salman al-Farsi. [Tafseer IbnKathir]

His status

Yazeed b. Umayrah reported: When death approached Muadh b.

Jabal (r), he was requested to advise the people. He said, make me sit up. Then he said, faith and knowledge are present in their places, and whoever searches them will aind them. After saying this three times he said, Find knowledge with three people:

AbudDardaa, Salman Farsi, Abdullah b. MAsud and Abdullah b.

sAlam. [Musnad Ahmad: 22104]

Someone who valued sacred knowledge

ﻮـُﺑَأ ﺎَﻧَ َﱪْﺧَأ - ُﻪـَﻟ ُﻆْﻔﱠﻠـﻟاَو - ،ﻰَﻴْﺤـَﻳ ُﻦـْﺑ ﻰَﻴْﺤـَﻳ ﺎَﻨـَﺛﱠﺪـَﺣَو ح ، ِﺶَﻤـْﻋَﻷا ِﻦـَﻋ ،ٌﻊﻴـِﻛَوَو ،َﺔـَﻳِوﺎَﻌـُﻣ ﻮـُﺑَأ ﺎَﻨـَﺛﱠﺪـَﺣ ،َﺔَﺒْﻴـ َﺷ ِبيَأ ُﻦـْﺑ ِﺮْﻜـَﺑ ﻮـُﺑَأ ﺎَﻨـَﺛﱠﺪـَﺣ ﻪﻴﻠـﻋ ﻪﻠـﻟا ﲆﺻ ْﻢُﻜﱡﻴِﺒـَﻧ ْﻢُﻜَﻤﱠﻠـَﻋ ْﺪـَﻗ ُﻪـَﻟ َﻞﻴـِﻗ َلﺎـَﻗ ،َن َماْﻠـ َﺳ ْﻦـَﻋ ،َﺪـﻳِﺰـَﻳ ِﻦـْﺑ ِﻦَﻤـْﺣﱠﺮﻟا ِﺪْﺒـَﻋ ْﻦـَﻋ ،َﻢﻴـِﻫاَﺮْﺑِإ ْﻦـَﻋ ، ِﺶَﻤـْﻋَﻷا ِﻦـَﻋ ،َﺔـَﻳِوﺎَﻌـُﻣ ْنَأ ْوَأ ِينِﻤَﻴْﻟﺎـِﺑ َﻲِﺠْﻨَﺘـ ْﺴَﻧ ْنَأ ْوَأ ٍلْﻮـَﺑ ْوَأ ٍﻂـِﺋﺎَﻐـِﻟ َﺔَﻠْﺒِﻘـْﻟا َﻞِﺒْﻘَﺘـ ْﺴَﻧ ْنَأ ﺎـَﻧﺎَﻬـَﻧ ْﺪَﻘـَﻟ ْﻞـَﺟَأ َلﺎَﻘـَﻓ َلﺎـَﻗ . َةَءاَﺮـِﺨْﻟا ﻰﱠﺘـَﺣ ٍءْ َﳽ ﱠﻞـُﻛ ﻢﻠـﺳو . ٍﻢْﻈَﻌِﺑ ْوَأ ٍﻊﻴِﺟَﺮِﺑ َﻲِﺠْﻨَﺘ ْﺴَﻧ ْنَأ ْوَأ ٍرﺎَﺠْﺣَأ ِﺔَﺛَﻼَـﺛ ْﻦِﻣ ﱠﻞَﻗَﺄِﺑ َﻲِﺠْﻨَﺘ ْﺴَﻧ

Salman reported that it was said to him: Your Apostle (ﷺ)

teaches you about everything, even about excrement. He replied:

Yes, he has forbidden us to face the Qibla at the time of excretion or urination, or cleansing with right hand or with less than three pebbles, or with dung or bone. [Muslim: 504]

Taught people Takbeeraat

Uthman An-Nahdi reported that Salman Farsi (r) would teach us Takbeeraat. [Sunan al-Kubra lilBayhaqi: 6506]

Guided people to the way of goodness

AbuUthman reported: Salman Farsi wrote to AbudDarda (r), that o my brother adhere to the mosque, becuse the Prophet (s) said the mosque is the home of the righteous person. [Silsilah Saheehah: 716]

Some narrations

Salman Al-Farisi (May Allah be pleased with him) said:

The Prophet (ﷺ) said, "Do not, if you can help, be the airst to enter the market and the last to leave it because it is an arena of Satan and the standard of Satan is set there.” [Muslim].

282:ﺚﻳﺪﺣ

ِبيَأ َلﺎَﻗ ٌﺮِﻤَﺘْﻌُﻣ ﺎَﻨَﺛﱠﺪَﺣ ٍﻖﻴِﻘ َﺷ ِﻦْﺑ َﺮَﻤُﻋ ُﻦْﺑ ُﻦ َﺴَﺤْﻟا ﻲِﻨَﺛﱠﺪَﺣ - 3946 ْﻦِﻣ َ َﴩَﻋ َﺔَﻌ ْﻀِﺑ ُﻪَﻟَواَﺪَﺗ ُﻪﱠﻧَأ ﱢ ِﳼِرﺎَﻔْﻟا َن َماْﻠ َﺳ ْﻦَﻋ َن َماْﺜُﻋ ﻮُﺑَأ ﺎَﻨَﺛﱠﺪَﺣَو

ﱟبَر َﱃِإ ﱟبَر

Narrated Salman Farisi: That he was sold (as a slave) by one master to another for more than ten times (i.e

between 13 and 19).

- He was sold more than 10 times - this is why the Prophet (s) said that if Iman was on so and so star these people would reach there also. Meaning, they would try their very best and undergo immense hardship also to aind Iman.

283:ﺚﻳﺪﺣ

ِبيَأ ْﻦَﻋ ٍفْﻮَﻋ ْﻦَﻋ ُنﺎَﻴْﻔ ُﺳ ﺎَﻨَﺛﱠﺪَﺣ َﻒ ُﺳﻮُﻳ ُﻦْﺑ ُﺪﱠﻤَﺤُﻣ ﺎَﻨَﺛﱠﺪَﺣ - 3947 َﺰُﻣْﺮُﻫ َماَر ْﻦِﻣ ﺎَﻧَأ ُلﻮُﻘَﻳ ُﻪْﻨَﻋ ُﻪﱠﻠﻟا َ ِﴈَر َن َماْﻠ َﺳ ُﺖْﻌِﻤ َﺳ َلﺎَﻗ َن َماْﺜُﻋ

Narrated Salman هنع للها يضر: I am from Ram-Hurmuz (i.e. a Persian town).

- In these ahadith we learn about Salman Farsi (r) - where he was from, how he reached MAdina, how he was set free and then how he contributed.

3259 (ع) َن َماْﺜُﻋ ِﻦﺑ ِﺪِﻗاَو ِﻦﺑ َﻒ ُﺳْﻮُﻳ ُﻦﺑ ُﺪﱠﻤَﺤُﻣ ﱡ ِبيﺎَﻳْﺮِﻔﻟا -

The Journey of Salman Farsi (r)

It was narrated that ‘Abdul Allah bin ‘Abbas اOOمOOهOOنOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOع للها يOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOضر said:

Salman Farisi told me his story from his own lips. He said: I was a Persian man, one of the people of Isbahaan, from a village thereof called Jayy. My father was the chieftain farmer of his village, and I was the dearest of Allah’s creation to him. He loved me so much that he kept me in his house near the aire, as girls are kept in (they were aire worshippers so Salmans duty was to keep the aire burning all the time). I strove hard in the Magian religion until I became the keeper of the aire, which I tended and did not let go out for a moment. My father had a huge property, and he was busy one day with some construction work, so he said: “O my son, I am too busy with this building today, go and check my property,” and he told me some of the things he wanted done. I went out, heading towards his property, and I passed by one of the Christian churches, where I could hear their voices as they were praying. I did not know anything about the people because my father had kept me in his house (he had no idea about how people are, what they did, as he was always at home). When I passed by and heard their voices, I entered upon them to see what they were doing. When I saw them, I was impressed with their prayer and I was attracted to their religion. I said: By Allah, this is better than the religion that we follow. By Allah, I did not leave them until the sun set, and I forgot about my father’s task and did not go there. I said to them: Where did this religion originate? They said: In Syria. Then I went back to my father, who had sent people out to look for me, and I had distracted him from all his work. When I came to him, he said: O my son, where were you? Did I not ask you to do what I asked? I said: O my father, I passed by some people who were praying in a church of theirs, and I was impressed with what I saw of their religion. By Allah, I stayed with them until the sun set. He said: O my son, there is nothing good in that religion. Your religion and the religion of your forefathers is better than that. I said: No, by Allah, it is better than our religion (he was airm). He was afraid for me, and he put

fetters on my legs and kept me in his house. I sent word to the Christians saying: If any Christian merchants come to you from Syria, tell me about them. He said: Some Christian merchants came to them from Syria, and they told me about them. I said to them:

When they have completed their business and want to go back to their own country, tell me about that. So when they wanted to go back to their own country, they told me about that, and I threw off the fetters from my legs and went out with them, until I came to Syria. When I reached Syria, I said: Who is the best person in this religion? (whose the most pious among you?) They said: The bishop in the church. So I went to him and said: I like this religion, and I would like to stay with you and serve you in your church and learn from you and pray with you. He said: Come in. So I went in with him, but he was a bad man. He would command them and exhort them to give charity, but he kept a great deal of it for himself and did not give it to the poor; he had amassed seven chests of gold and silver. I hated him deeply when I saw what he was doing, then he died and the Christians gathered to bury him. I said to them: This was a bad man; he commanded you and exhorted you to give charity, but when you brought it to him he kept it for himself and did not give any of it to the poor. They said: How do you know that?

I said: I can show you where his treasure is. They said: tell us. So I showed them where it was and they brought out seven chests ailled with gold and silver. When they saw that they said: By Allah, we will never bury him; then they cruciaied him and pelted him with stones. Then they brought another man and appointed him in his place (in that church). Salmaan said: I have never seen a man who does not offer the aive daily prayers who was better than him (meaning he was a very good man); he shunned this world and sought the Hereafter and no one strive harder than him night and day (truly righteous). I loved him as I had never loved anyone before, and I stayed with him for a while. Then when he was about to die (becaue his search for truth was sincere and genuine, when he saw the ugly side of a religious person, he did not blame the religion - its not the fault of the religion if the people of religion are

not the way they should be. Likewise, if there is one person who has a bad reputation then that does not mean that the entire organization he belongs to is evil. If a person studies at a certain school and ends up committing some crime, you dont blame the insitute - but when it comes to religion, we blame the entire religion or institute as evil because of the actions of some people. ), I said: O So and so, I was with you and I loved you as I had never loved anyone before, and now the decree of Allah has come to you as you see; to whom do you advise me to go? What do you command me to do? He said: O my son, by Allah, I do not know of anyone today who follows what I followed. The people are doomed; they have changed and abandoned most of what they used to follow, except for a man in Mosul. He is So and so, and he follows what I used to follow, so go and join him. When he died and was buried, I went to the man in Mosul (Iraq - he went to him because he was searching for truth). I said to him: O So and so, So and so advised me when he died to come to you, and he told me that you follow the same as he followed. He said to me: Stay with me. So I stayed with him, and I found him to be a good man who followed the same as his companion had followed. But soon he (was about to) die. When he was dying I said to him: O So and so, So and so advised me to come to you and told me to join you, but now there has come to you from Allah what you see. To whom do you advise me to go? What do you command me to do? He said: O my son, by Allah I do not know of anyone who follows what we used to follow except a man in Naseibayn. He is So and so; go to him. When he died and was buried, I went to the man in Naseibayn. I came to him and told him my story and what my companion had told me to do. He said: Stay with me. So I stayed with him and I found him to be a follower of the same way as his two companions (he was also a righteous man), and I stayed with a good man. By Allah, soon death came upon him, and when he was dying I said to him: O So and so, So and so advised me to go to So and so; then So and so advised me to come to you. To whom do you advise me to go and what do you command me to do?

He said: O my son, by Allah we do not know of anyone left who

follows our way and to whom I can tell you to go, except a man in

‘Ammooriyyah. He follows something like what we follow. If you wish, go to him, for he follows our way. When he died and was buried, I went to the man in ‘Ammooriyyah and told him my story.

He said: Stay with me. So I stayed with a man who was following the same way as his companions. Salmaan هOنOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOع للها يOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOضر said: I earned wealth until I had cows and sheep, then the decree of Allah came to him. When he was dying I said to him: O So and so, I was with So and so, and So and so told me to go to So and so; then So and so told me to go to So and so; then So and so told me to come to you. To whom do you advise me to go and what do you command me to do?

He said: O my son, by Allah, I do not know of anyone who follows our way to whom I can advise you to go. But there has come the time of a Prophet, who will be sent with the religion of Ibraaheem.

He will appear in the land of the Arabs and will migrate to a land between two harrahs (lava aields; land with black rocks), between which there are palm trees. He will have characteristics that will not be hidden (he will be recognised). He will eat of what is given as a gift but he will not eat of what is given as charity. Between his shoulder blades is the Seal of Prophethood. If you can go to that land then do so. Then he died and was buried, and I stayed in

‘Ammooriyyah as long as Allah willed I should stay, then some merchants of BanuKalb passed by me and I said to them: Will you take me to the land of the Arabs and I will give you these cows and sheep of mine? (his lifes earnings he is willing to give) They said:

Yes. So I gave them the cows and sheep, and they took me there, but when they brought me to Waadi al-Qura they wronged me and sold me as a slave to a Jewish man. When I was with him I saw the palm trees, and I hoped that this was the land that my companion had described to me, but I was not sure. Whilst I was with him, a cousin of his from Banu Qurayzah came to him from Madina, and he sold me to him, and he took me to Madina (Allah’s Plan - only He knows:

perhaps you dislike something but He can make much good in it).

By Allah, as soon as I saw it, I recognized it from the description

given to me by my companion. I stayed there, and Allah sent His Messenger, who stayed in Makkah as long as he stayed, and I did not hear anything about him because I was so busy with the work of a slave. Then he migrated to Madina, and by Allah, I was at the top of a palm tree belonging to my master, doing some work on it, and my master was sitting there. Then a cousin of his came and stood beside him, and said: May Allah kill Banu Qaylah! By Allah, right now they are gathering in Quba’ to welcome a man who has come from Makkah today, and they say that he is a Prophet. When I heard that, I began to shiver so much that I thought I would fall on top of my master. I came down from the tree and started saying to that cousin of his: What are you saying, what are you saying? My master got angry and he struck me with his aist and said: What has it got to do with you? Go back to your work! I said: Nothing; I just wanted to make sure of what he was saying. I had something that I had collected, and when evening came, I went to the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) when he was in Quba’, and I entered upon him and said to him:

I have heard that you are a righteous man and that you have companions who are strangers and are in need. This is something that I have to give in charity, and I see that you are more in need of it than anyone else. I brought it near to him and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said to his companions: “Eat,” but he refrained from eating. I said to myself: This is one (the airst condition is fulailled:

he does not take charity). Then I went away and collected some more. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ moved to Madina (from Quba), then I came to him and said: I see that you do not eat (food given in) charity; this is a gift with which I wish to honour you. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ ate some of it and told his companions to eat too. I said to myself: This is two. Then I came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ when he was in Baqee’ al-Gharqad, where he had attended the funeral of one of his companions and he was wearing two shawls and was sitting among his companions. I greeted him with salaam then I moved behind him, trying to look at his back to see

the Seal that my companion had described to me. When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ saw me going behind him, he realized that I was trying to aind conairmation of something that had been described to me, so he let his rida’ drop from his back, and I saw the Seal and recognized it. Then I embraced him, kissing (the Seal) and weeping, and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said to me (he found what he was searching for - what he left for it, what he suffered for it…

imagine his state when he found him): “Turn around.” So I turned around and I told him my story as I have told it to you, O Ibn ‘Abbas.

The Messenger of Allah ﷺ wanted his companions to hear that.

Then Salmaan was kept busy with the work of a slave, until he had missed attending Badr and Uhud with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ.

He said: Then the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said to me: “Draw up a contract of manumission, O Salmaan.” [a contract of freedom: that he would give something in return for freedom] So I drew up a contract of manumission with my master in return for three hundred palm trees which I would plant for him, and forty uqiyahs.

The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said to his companions: “Help your brother.” So they helped me with the palm trees, one man gave thirty small trees and another gave twenty, and another gave aifteen, and another gave ten [these were the Ansar], i.e., each man gave according to what he had, until they had collected three hundred small trees for me. Then the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said to me: “Go, O Salmaan, and dig the holes where they are to be planted.

When you have ainished, come to me and I will plant them with my own hand.” So I dug the holes for them, and my companions helped me, then when I had ainished, I came to him and told him. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ came out with me and we started to bring the trees close and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ planted them with his own hand [tree plantation]. By the One in Whose hand is the soul of Salmaan, not one single tree among them died. So I had paid off the trees but there still remained the money. A piece of gold the size of an egg was brought to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ from one of his

campaigns. He said: “What happened to the Persian who had a contract of manumission?” [how the Prophet (s) was concerned about his Companions] I was summoned to him and he said: “Take this and pay off what you owe, O Salmaan.” I said: How could this pay off everything I owe, O Messenger of Allah? He said: “Take it, and Allah will help you to pay off what you owe.” So I took it and weighed it for them, and by the One in Whose hand is the soul of Salmaan, it was forty uqiyahs, so I paid them their dues and I was set free. I was present with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ at Khandaq, and after that I did not miss any major event with him.

- And Khandaq - the trench was dug at his suggestion - Look at the perfect order in which Imam Bukhari has

mentioned the companions. Salman Farsi is the last companion mentioned in this Cahpter.

- Lesson for us: Whena person recognizes the truth, then no matter how hard one has to try and what price one has to pay to take it, to adhere to it - then so be it… do not give up the truth for any thing. These were the people because of whose struggles we have ISlam today… what all he endured… what all he suffered.

- Salman Farsi lived a very long life.. more than 200 years

according to a narration…. more than ten masters… then his life as a slave.. and then Islam…

- He was made the brother of AbudDardaa (r).

284:ﺚﻳﺪﺣ

ﻮُﺑَأ ﺎَﻧَ َﱪْﺧَأ ٍد ﱠماَﺣ ُﻦْﺑ ﻰَﻴْﺤَﻳ ﺎَﻨَﺛﱠﺪَﺣ ٍكِرْﺪُﻣ ُﻦْﺑ ُﻦ َﺴَﺤْﻟا ﻲِﻨَﺛﱠﺪَﺣ - 3948 َﴗﻴِﻋ َ ْينَﺑ ٌةَ ْﱰَﻓ َلﺎَﻗ َن َماْﻠ َﺳ ْﻦَﻋ َن َماْﺜُﻋ ِبيَأ ْﻦَﻋ ِلَﻮْﺣَ ْﻷا ٍﻢ ِﺻﺎَﻋ ْﻦَﻋ َﺔَﻧاَﻮَﻋ

ٍﺔَﻨ َﺳ ِﺔَﺋﺎِﻣ ﱡﺖ ِﺳ َﻢﱠﻠ َﺳَو َماِﻬْﻴَﻠَﻋ ُﻪﱠﻠﻟا ﱠﲆ َﺻ ٍﺪﱠﻤَﺤُﻣَو

- Narrated Salman: The interval (the time in which no Messenger was sent) between Jesus and Muhammad ﷺ was six hundred years.

ﻆﻓﺎﺤﻟا نﺎﺤﻄﻟا ىﴫﺒﻟا ﲆﻋ ﻮﺑأ ، ﳻوﺪﺴﻟا يرﺸﺑ ﻦﺑ كرﺪﻣ ﻦﺑ ﻦﺴﺤﻟا ﻮـﺑأ

:Kunyah

:Nisbah

Name

ﻆﻓﺎﺤﻟا،نﺎﺤﻄﻟا

:Laqab

- In these 600 years the original teachings of Isa (a) basically disappeared: only a handful of people were upont the original religion as we see in the story of Salman Farsi (r).

- Here we complete half of Sahih Bukhari.

- Someone asked her: Until when will your classes continue?

She said, forever. When it comes to worldly education - once you have your degree and you start working somewhere you stop studying… but there are people who never stop learning…

- His focus

- Those who go out in the way of Allah are very precious people: they should not be left lost, forgotten or ignored…

pay attention to them and think about their welfare, growth. If one of us has taken a step back…. then do we offer them help? Do we worry about them? Or do we think - ok, if not you then someone else! Astaghairullah… how can we think about letting our companions go? Let them fall?

WE have to encourage each other to be patient and to adhere to the truth. The Prophet (s) is so concerned about his companions: personally going to help them… when the gold comes he thinks about his companion… not his personal life…

- we have to think about our companions… even angels are eager to know about those believers who are absent from the mosque

يِزﺎَﻐَﻤْﻟا بﺎَﺘِﻛ

What is meant by Maghazi

نﻮﻜـﻳ نأ ﻦـﻣ ﻢـﻋأ ﻢـﻫﺪﺼـﻗو ﻪﻠﺒـﻗ ﻦـﻣ ﺶﻴﺠـﺑ وأ ﻪﺴﻔﻨـﺑ رﺎﻔﻜـﻟا ﷺ ﻲﺒﻨـﻟا ﺪﺼـﻗ ﻦـﻣ ﻊـﻗو ﺎـﻣ ﺎﻨـﻫ يزﺎﻐـﳌﺎـﺑ داﺮﳌاو •

[یرﺎﺒﻟا ﺢﺘﻓ] قﺪﻨﺨﻟاو ﺪﺣأ ﻞﺜﻣ ﻞﺧد ﻰﺘﺣ ﺎﻫﻮﻠﺣ ﻲﺘﻟا ﻦﻛﺎﻣﻷا ﱃإ وأ ﻢﻫدﻼﺑ ﱃإ

- Ghazwah is a battle in which the Prophet (s) participated himself.

- Sariyah is an expedition that he (s) sent and did not participate

- The Prophet (s) did not just play the role of being a commander in chief where he just organized - rather there were battles in which he participated in the actual aight also.

ِةَ ْير َﺴُﻌْﻟا ْوَأ ِةَ ْير َﺸُﻌْﻟا ِةَوْﺰَﻏ بﺎَﺑ

I: The expedition of al-'Ushayra, or 'Usayra

ﱠﻢُﺛ َءاَﻮْﺑَ ْﻷا َﻢﱠﻠ َﺳَو ِﻪْﻴَﻠَﻋ ُﻪﱠﻠﻟا ﱠﲆ َﺻ ﱡﻲِﺒﱠﻨﻟا اَﺰَﻏ ﺎَﻣ ُلﱠوَأ َقﺎَﺤ ْﺳِإ ُﻦْﺑا َلﺎَﻗ َةَ ْير َﺸُﻌْﻟا ﱠﻢُﺛ َطاَﻮُﺑ

Ibn Ishaq said, "The airst expedition which the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, made was to al-Abwa', then Buwat, and then al-'Ushayra."

- Abwaa: a place - and it was called such because many diseases would spread there - this is where the mother of the Prophet (s) died. Its a village near Madina

- Buwat another village

- Asheerah is a place near Yanbu’

- All of them were in the airst year after Hijrah.

- ”ہریشع روا طاوب ،ءاوبا"Three separate expeditions

- When Prophet ﷺ reached Abwa`, he sent `Ubaidah bin Harith with 80 men thus he fought with one of the group of Quraish, they shoot arrows on each other, Sa`d bin Abi Waqqas threw the (airst) arrow. And he was the aisrt man who shoot arrow in Allah’s cause.

- It has been mentioned that “`Ushairah” was the third battle.

- In Makkah the muslims were not allowed to retaliate - they were commanded to hold their hands back and not aight.

- After the migration to MAdina they were allowed to aight back

- They were weak in Makkah unable to defend themselves, and also - this shows us that battle is the last resort

- A doctor does not send for surgery right away….. but as a last resort after trying other ways of treatment.

- In our religion also: we are taught - use every way and means to teach people - but if there comes a time where the oppressors are continuing in their oppression - and you have tried every way to stop him… then as a last resort aight the oppressor. So that there can be peace.

- There have been many battles and battles continue till today - for political, worldly reasons… Muslims are usually blamed as blood thirsty, and Islam is also demonized like that… whereas if you look at world history - there have been so many battles: muslims were not there in world wars - and everyone knows about how horrible these wars were.

- In Islam - war is the last resort - a necessary step to stop the oppressors.

- Muslims had left Makkah - to be at peace in MAdina… but

twhen the mushrikin came after them… what other choice did they have but to aight back?

- The battle of ASheerah: airst battle - in which the Prophet (s) went out himself. He went with 150-200 companions and appointed AbuSalamah b. AbdulAsad as leader in Madina.

285:ﺚﻳﺪﺣ

ْﻦَﻋ ُﺔَﺒْﻌ ُﺷ ﺎَﻨَﺛﱠﺪَﺣ ٌﺐْﻫَو ﺎَﻨَﺛﱠﺪَﺣ ٍﺪﱠﻤَﺤُﻣ ُﻦْﺑ ِﻪﱠﻠﻟا ُﺪْﺒَﻋ ﻲِﻨَﺛﱠﺪَﺣ - 3949 ﱡﻲِﺒﱠﻨﻟا اَﺰَﻏ ْﻢَﻛ ُﻪَﻟ َﻞﻴِﻘَﻓ َﻢَﻗْرَأ ِﻦْﺑ ِﺪْﻳَز ِﺐْﻨَﺟ َﱃِإ ُﺖْﻨُﻛ َقﺎَﺤ ْﺳِإ ِبيَأ َتْوَﺰَﻏ ْﻢَﻛ َﻞﻴِﻗ َةَ ْﴩَﻋ َﻊ ْﺴِﺗ َلﺎَﻗ ٍةَوْﺰَﻏ ْﻦِﻣ َﻢﱠﻠ َﺳَو ِﻪْﻴَﻠَﻋ ُﻪﱠﻠﻟا ﱠﲆ َﺻ ْوَأ ُةَ ْير َﺴُﻌْﻟا َلﺎَﻗ َلﱠوَأ ْﺖَﻧﺎَﻛ ْﻢُﻬﱡﻳَﺄَﻓ ُﺖْﻠُﻗ َةَ ْﴩَﻋ َﻊْﺒ َﺳ َلﺎَﻗ ُﻪَﻌَﻣ َﺖْﻧَأ

ُ ْير َﺸُﻌْﻟا َلﺎَﻘَﻓ َةَدﺎَﺘَﻘِﻟ ُتْﺮَﻛَﺬَﻓ ُ ْير َﺸُﻌْﻟا

Narrated Abu 'Ishaq: Once, while I was sitting beside Zaid bin Arqam, he was asked, "How many Ghazwat did the Prophet ﷺ undertake?" Zaid replied, "Nineteen." They said, "In how many Ghazwat did you join him?" He replied, "Seventeen." I asked, "Which of these was the airst?" He replied, "Al-`Usayra or Al-`Ashira.”

- Asheerah was the airst battle that Zayd b. Arqam participated in - but actually there was Abwaa and Buwaat before Asheerah.

ٍرْﺪَﺒِﺑ ُﻞَﺘْﻘُﻳ ْﻦَﻣ َﻢﱠﻠ َﺳَو ِﻪْﻴَﻠَﻋ ُﻪﱠﻠﻟا ﱠﲆ َﺻ ﱢﻲِﺒﱠﻨﻟا ِﺮْﻛِذ بﺎَﺑ

Chapter: The Prophet’s ﷺ prediction about who would be killed at Badr

- Before the Battle the Prophet (s) informed the companions about who from their enemies would be killed where.

- (خ) ٍﺪﱠﻤَﺤُﻣ ُﻦﺑ ِﻪﻠﻟا ُﺪْﺒَﻋ ٍﺮَﻔْﻌَﺟ ﻮُﺑَأ ﱡيِﺪَﻨ ْﺴُﳌا

286:ﺚﻳﺪﺣ

ُﻦْﺑ ُﻢﻴِﻫاَﺮْﺑِإ ﺎَﻨَﺛﱠﺪَﺣ َﺔَﻤَﻠ ْﺴَﻣ ُﻦْﺑ ُﺢْﻳَ ُﴍ ﺎَﻨَﺛﱠﺪَﺣ َن َماْﺜُﻋ ُﻦْﺑ ُﺪَﻤْﺣَأ ﻲِﻨَﺛﱠﺪَﺣ - 3950 ِﻪﱠﻠﻟا َﺪْﺒَﻋ َﻊِﻤ َﺳ ُﻪﱠﻧَأ ٍنﻮُﻤْﻴَﻣ ُﻦْﺑ وُﺮْﻤَﻋ ﻲِﻨَﺛﱠﺪَﺣ َلﺎَﻗ َقﺎَﺤ ْﺳِإ ِبيَأ ْﻦَﻋ ِﻪﻴِﺑَأ ْﻦَﻋ َﻒ ُﺳﻮُﻳ ِﻦْﺑ َﺔﱠﻴَﻣُ ِﻷ ﺎًﻘﻳِﺪ َﺻ َنﺎَﻛ َلﺎَﻗ ُﻪﱠﻧَأ ٍذﺎَﻌُﻣ ِﻦْﺑ ِﺪْﻌ َﺳ ْﻦَﻋ َثﱠﺪَﺣ ُﻪْﻨَﻋ ُﻪﱠﻠﻟا َ ِﴈَر ٍدﻮُﻌ ْﺴَﻣ َﻦْﺑ

ٍﻒَﻠَﺧ

It is related that 'Abdullah ibn Mas'ud said, "Sa'd ibn Mu'adh was a friend of Umayya ibn Khalaf.

- Sa’d b. Muadh was from the Ansar - was shot an arrow in Khandaq and died as a result of that wound. Umayyah b.

Khalaf was from Makkah - a leader there.

َﺔﱠﻴَﻣُأ َﲆَﻋ َلَﺰَﻧ َﺔﱠﻜَ ِبم ﱠﺮَﻣ اَذِإ ٌﺪْﻌ َﺳ َنﺎَﻛَو ٍﺪْﻌ َﺳ َﲆَﻋ َلَﺰَﻧ ِﺔَﻨﻳِﺪَﻤْﻟﺎِﺑ ﱠﺮَﻣ اَذِإ ُﺔﱠﻴَﻣُأ َنﺎَﻛَو

When Umayya passed through Madina, he would stay with Sa'd and when Sa'd passed through Makka, he would stay with Umayya.

َﲆَﻋ َلَﺰَﻨَﻓ اًﺮِﻤَﺘْﻌُﻣ ٌﺪْﻌ َﺳ َﻖَﻠَﻄْﻧا َﺔَﻨﻳِﺪَﻤْﻟا َﻢﱠﻠ َﺳَو ِﻪْﻴَﻠَﻋ ُﻪﱠﻠﻟا ﱠﲆ َﺻ ِﻪﱠﻠﻟا ُلﻮ ُﺳَر َمِﺪَﻗ ﱠماَﻠَﻓ َﺔﱠﻜَ ِبم َﺔﱠﻴَﻣُأ

When the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, arrived in Madina, Sa'd went to perform 'umra and he stayed with Umayya in Makka.

ِﺖْﻴَﺒْﻟﺎِﺑ َفﻮُﻃَأ ْنَأ ﱢﲇَﻌَﻟ ٍةَﻮْﻠَﺧ َﺔَﻋﺎ َﺳ ِﱄ ْﺮُﻈْﻧا َﺔﱠﻴَﻣُ ِﻷ َلﺎَﻘَﻓ

He said to Umayya, 'Look for a time when people have withdrawn so that I can perform tawaf.’

- He didnt want to go out when there would be a lot of people:

as the Quraysh / people of MAkkah were hostile to muslims.

And Sa’d had embraced ISlam.

اَﺬَﻫ ْﻦَﻣ َناَﻮْﻔ َﺻ ﺎَﺑَأ ﺎَﻳ َلﺎَﻘَﻓ ٍﻞْﻬَﺟ ﻮُﺑَأ َماُﻬَﻴِﻘَﻠَﻓ ِرﺎَﻬﱠﻨﻟا ِﻒ ْﺼِﻧ ْﻦِﻣ ﺎًﺒﻳِﺮَﻗ ِﻪِﺑ َجَﺮَﺨَﻓ ْﻢُﺘْﻳَوَأ ْﺪَﻗَو ﺎًﻨِﻣآ َﺔﱠﻜَ ِبم ُفﻮُﻄَﺗ َكاَرَأ َﻻَأ ٍﻞْﻬَﺟ ﻮُﺑَأ ُﻪَﻟ َلﺎَﻘَﻓ ٌﺪْﻌ َﺳ اَﺬَﻫ َلﺎَﻘَﻓ َﻚَﻌَﻣ ﺎَﻣ َناَﻮْﻔ َﺻ ِبيَأ َﻊَﻣ َﻚﱠﻧَأ َﻻْﻮَﻟ ِﻪﱠﻠﻟاَو ﺎَﻣَأ ْﻢُﻬَﻧﻮُﻨﻴِﻌُﺗَو ْﻢُﻬَﻧوُ ُﴫْﻨَﺗ ْﻢُﻜﱠﻧَأ ْﻢُﺘْﻤَﻋَزَو َةﺎَﺒ ﱡﺼﻟا

ًماِﻟﺎ َﺳ َﻚِﻠْﻫَأ َﱃِإ َﺖْﻌَﺟَر

He took him out close to midday and Abu Jahl encountered them. He asked, 'Abu Safwan, who is this with you?' He replied, 'This is Sa'd.' Abu Jahl said to him, 'Do you think you can perform tawaf of the Ka'ba in safety when you have given shelter to the heretics (hes referring to the muslims) and you have stated that you will help and support them? By Allah, were it not that you were with Abu Safwan, you would not return safe to your family!'

ﱡﺪ َﺷَأ َﻮُﻫ ﺎَﻣ َﻚﱠﻨَﻌَﻨْﻣَ َﻷ اَﺬَﻫ ﻲِﻨَﺘْﻌَﻨَﻣ ْ ِﱧَﻟ ِﻪﱠﻠﻟاَو ﺎَﻣَأ ِﻪْﻴَﻠَﻋ ُﻪَﺗْﻮ َﺻ َﻊَﻓَرَو ٌﺪْﻌ َﺳ ُﻪَﻟ َلﺎَﻘَﻓ ِﺔَﻨﻳِﺪَﻤْﻟا َﲆَﻋ َﻚَﻘﻳِﺮَﻃ ُﻪْﻨِﻣ َﻚْﻴَﻠَﻋ

Sa'd said to him, raising his voice, 'By Allah, if you prevent me from this, I will prevent you from something which will be harder for you: travelling through Madina!'

- I will not even let you pass by Madina safely

يِداَﻮْﻟا ِﻞْﻫَأ ِﺪﱢﻴ َﺳ ِﻢَﻜَﺤْﻟا ِبيَأ َﲆَﻋ ُﺪْﻌ َﺳ ﺎَﻳ َﻚَﺗْﻮ َﺻ ْﻊَﻓْﺮَﺗ َﻻ ُﺔﱠﻴَﻣُأ ُﻪَﻟ َلﺎَﻘَﻓ

Umayya said to him, 'Sa'd, do not raise your voice to Abu'l- Hakam. He is the master of the people of the valley.'

َﻢﱠﻠ َﺳَو ِﻪْﻴَﻠَﻋ ُﻪﱠﻠﻟا ﱠﲆ َﺻ ِﻪﱠﻠﻟا َلﻮ ُﺳَر ُﺖْﻌِﻤ َﺳ ْﺪَﻘَﻟ ِﻪﱠﻠﻟاَﻮَﻓ ُﺔﱠﻴَﻣُأ ﺎَﻳ َﻚْﻨَﻋ ﺎَﻨْﻋَد ٌﺪْﻌ َﺳ َلﺎَﻘَﻓ اًﺪﻳِﺪ َﺷ ﺎًﻋَﺰَﻓ ُﺔﱠﻴَﻣُأ َﻚِﻟَﺬِﻟ َعِﺰَﻔَﻓ يِرْدَأ َﻻ َلﺎَﻗ َﺔﱠﻜَ ِبم َلﺎَﻗ َكﻮُﻠِﺗﺎَﻗ ْﻢُﻬﱠﻧِإ ُلﻮُﻘَﻳ

Sa'd said, 'Let me alone, Umayya! By Allah, I heard the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, say that they will kill you (meaning the muslims will kill Umayya)!’ He asked, 'In Makka?' He replied, 'I do not know.' Umayya was very alarmed by that.

- because he knew that the Prophet (s) was true and what he said was going to come true!

َلﺎَﻗ ﺎَﻣَو ْﺖَﻟﺎَﻗ ٌﺪْﻌ َﺳ ِﱄ َلﺎَﻗ ﺎَﻣ ْيَﺮَﺗ ْﻢَﻟَأ َناَﻮْﻔ َﺻ ﱠمُأ ﺎَﻳ َلﺎَﻗ ِﻪِﻠْﻫَأ َﱃِإ ُﺔﱠﻴَﻣُأ َﻊَﺟَر ﱠماَﻠَﻓ يِرْدَأ َﻻ َلﺎَﻗ َﺔﱠﻜَ ِبم ُﻪَﻟ ُﺖْﻠُﻘَﻓ ﱠ ِﲇِﺗﺎَﻗ ْﻢُﻬﱠﻧَأ ْﻢُﻫَ َﱪْﺧَأ اًﺪﱠﻤَﺤُﻣ ﱠنَأ َﻢَﻋَز َلﺎَﻗ َﻚَﻟ

When he returned to his family, he said, 'Umm Safwan! Do you know what Sa'd said to me?' She asked, 'What did he say to you?' He said, 'He claims that he heard Muhammad assert that they will kill me. I asked him whether it was in Makka and he said, "I do not know."'

َﺔﱠﻜَﻣ ْﻦِﻣ ُجُﺮْﺧَأ َﻻ ِﻪﱠﻠﻟاَو ُﺔﱠﻴَﻣُأ َلﺎَﻘَﻓ

Umayya said, 'By Allah, I will not leave Makka!'

َجُﺮْﺨَﻳ ْنَأ ُﺔﱠﻴَﻣُأ َهِﺮَﻜَﻓ ْﻢُﻛَيرِﻋ اﻮُﻛِرْدَأ َلﺎَﻗ َسﺎﱠﻨﻟا ٍﻞْﻬَﺟ ﻮُﺑَأ َﺮَﻔْﻨَﺘ ْﺳا ٍرْﺪَﺑ ُمْﻮَﻳ َنﺎَﻛ ﱠماَﻠَﻓ

"When it was the Day of Badr Abu Jahl called out the people, 'Go and join your caravan!' Umayya did not like to go out,

ُﺪﱢﻴ َﺳ َﺖْﻧَأَو َﺖْﻔﱠﻠَﺨَﺗ ْﺪَﻗ ُسﺎﱠﻨﻟا َكاَﺮَﻳ ﺎَﻣ ﻰَﺘَﻣ َﻚﱠﻧِإ َناَﻮْﻔ َﺻ ﺎَﺑَأ ﺎَﻳ َلﺎَﻘَﻓ ٍﻞْﻬَﺟ ﻮُﺑَأ ُهﺎَﺗَﺄَﻓ َﻚَﻌَﻣ اﻮُﻔﱠﻠَﺨَﺗ يِداَﻮْﻟا ِﻞْﻫَأ

but Abu Jahl came to and said, 'Abu Safwan! If the people see that you have stayed behind, and you are one of the nobles of the people of the valley, they will stay behind.'

َﺔﱠﻜَ ِبم ٍيرِﻌَﺑ َدَﻮْﺟَأ ﱠﻦَﻳِ َﱰ ْﺷَ َﻷ ِﻪﱠﻠﻟاَﻮَﻓ ﻲِﻨَﺘْﺒَﻠَﻏ ْذِإ ﺎﱠﻣَأ َلﺎَﻗ ﻰﱠﺘَﺣ ٍﻞْﻬَﺟ ﻮُﺑَأ ِﻪِﺑ ْلَﺰَﻳ ْﻢَﻠَﻓ

Abu Jahl kept at him until he said, 'As you have overcome me, by Allah, I will buy the best camel in Makka.'

ﻲِﻨﻳِﺰﱢﻬَﺟ َناَﻮْﻔ َﺻ ﱠمُأ ﺎَﻳ ُﺔﱠﻴَﻣُأ َلﺎَﻗ ﱠﻢُﺛ

Then Umayya said, 'Umm Safwan, prepare my provisions.'

ﱡ ِبيِ ْثرَﻴْﻟا َكﻮُﺧَأ َﻚَﻟ َلﺎَﻗ ﺎَﻣ َﺖﻴ ِﺴَﻧ ْﺪَﻗَو َناَﻮْﻔ َﺻ ﺎَﺑَأ ﺎَﻳ ُﻪَﻟ ْﺖَﻟﺎَﻘَﻓ

She said to him, 'Abu Safwan, have you forgotten what your Yathribi brother told you?'

ﺎًﺒﻳِﺮَﻗ ﱠﻻِإ ْﻢُﻬَﻌَﻣ َزﻮُﺟَأ ْنَأ ُﺪﻳِرُأ ﺎَﻣ َﻻ َلﺎَﻗ

He said, 'No, but I only mean to travel a short distance with them.'

- They’re not letting me stay so I have to go….

ُﻪﱠﻠﻟا ُﻪَﻠَﺘَﻗ ﻰﱠﺘَﺣ َﻚِﻟَﺬِﺑ ْلَﺰَﻳ ْﻢَﻠَﻓ ُهَيرِﻌَﺑ َﻞَﻘَﻋ ﱠﻻِإ ًﻻِﺰْﻨَﻣ ُلِﺰْﻨَﻳ َﻻ َﺬَﺧَأ ُﺔﱠﻴَﻣُأ َجَﺮَﺧ ﱠماَﻠَﻓ

ٍرْﺪَﺒِﺑ ﱠﻞَﺟَو ﱠﺰَﻋ

When Umayya went out, he used to hobble his camel wherever he camped and he continued to do that until Allah, the Mighty and Majestic, killed him at Badr.”

- So this is how the the kuffar of Makkah came out for BAdr…

- This incident explains the background of the battles / the hostilities between the kuffar of Makkah and the muslims in Madina.