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(1)

Ȼɪɵɤ Ɇ. Ɇ. ɂɧɨɹɡɵɱɧɵɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɜ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦ ɬɟɤɫɬɟ (ɧɚ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɟ ɪɨɦɚɧɨɜ

ɗ. ɋɚɮɚɪɥɢɢɅ. Ɇɨɪɪɨɭ).

ȼ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɝɥɨɛɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɦɟɠɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɦ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɧɚɪɨɞɨɜ. ɉɢɫɚɬɟɥɢ, ɫɥɟɞɭɹ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɦ ɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɢɹɦ,

ɨɬɤɪɵɜɚɸɬ ɞɥɹ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɱɢɬɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɢ ɛɵɬɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɟɣ, ɱɬɨ ɜɥɟɱɟɬ ɡɚ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɛɟɡɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɨɣ ɥɟɤɫɢɤɢ ɜ ɬɟɤɫɬɟ

ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ. ȼɫɬɚɬɶɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɸɬɫɹɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɚɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɢ ɢɧɨɹɡɵɱɧɨɣ ɥɟɤɫɢɤɢɜ

ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯɪɭɫɫɤɨɹɡɵɱɧɵɯɢɚɧɝɥɨɹɡɵɱɧɵɯɬɟɤɫɬɚɯ.

Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɵɟɫɥɨɜɚ: ɢɧɨɹɡɵɱɧɵɟɫɥɨɜɚ, ɛɟɡɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɚɹɥɟɤɫɢɤɚ, ɷɤɡɨɬɢɡɦɵ, ɜɚɪɜɚɪɢɡɦɵ.

Bryk M. M. Foreign Words in Literary Text (based on Novels of E. Safarli and L. Morrow).

The studying of other nationalities and their cultures becomes very important as a result of globalization and development of international communication. Literature has always been the reflection of time and culture. Modern writers describe peculiarities of life and daily routine of people from other countries, which causes the use of foreign words in their texts. As a rule, foreign words in literary texts are stylistic means, which create national atmosphere and demonstrate the level of the author’s knowledge. In most cases, foreign words, which are used to denote the specific things of foreign culture, do not have equivalents and need special presentation in order to avoid misunderstanding and to express the idea they are supposed to convey. Becoming an essential part of the literary text, these lexical units very often adopt the image of the recipient language and function according to its phonetic and grammar rules. Depending on the degree of this adaptation foreign words can be divided into barbarisms and exotisms. The article deals with the analysis of usage and adaptation of foreign words in the space of modern Russian and English literary texts.

Keywords: foreign words, non-equivalent lexis, exotisms, barbarisms.

ɍȾɄ 811.111:811.161.2

ȼɚɣɧɨɪɟɧɽȱ. ɉ.

ɇɚɰɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɢɣɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɿɱɧɢɣɭɧɿɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ ɿɦɟɧɿɆ. ɉ. Ⱦɪɚɝɨɦɚɧɨɜɚ

Ʉ

ɄɈɈɅɅɈɈɄɄȺȺɐɐȱȱȲȲ ɁɁ ɄɄȺȺɍɍɁɁȺȺɅɅɖɖɇɇɈɈɘɘ ȾȾɈɈɆɆȱȱɇɇȺȺɇɇɌɌɈɈɘɘ““ȿȿɎɎȿȿɄɄɌɌ””

ȼ

ȼ ȺȺɇɇȽȽɅɅȱȱɃɃɋɋɖɖɄɄȱȱɃɃ ɌɌȺȺ ɍɍɄɄɊɊȺȺȲȲɇɇɋɋɖɖɄɄȱȱɃɃ ɆɆɈɈȼȼȺȺɏɏ

ɍɫɬɚɬɬɿ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɨ ɡɿɫɬɚɜɧɢɣ ɚɧɚɥɿɡɤɨɥɨɤɚɰɿɣ ɡ ɤɚɭɡɚɥɶɧɨɸ ɞɨɦɿɧɚɧɬɨɸ “ɟɮɟɤɬ” ɭ ɞɜɨɯ

ɧɟɛɥɢɡɶɤɨɫɩɨɪɿɞɧɟɧɢɯ ɦɨɜɚɯ. ɍɬɨɱɧɟɧɨ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ ɩɨɧɹɬɬɹ “ɤɨɥɨɤɚɰɿɹ”, ɜɢɨɤɪɟɦɥɟɧɨ ɬɚ

ɿɞɟɧɬɢɮɿɤɨɜɚɧɨɬɢɩɢɤɨɥɨɤɚɰɿɣɡɥɟɤɫɟɦɨɸ effect ɜɚɧɝɥɿɣɫɶɤɿɣɬɚɥɟɤɫɟɦɨɸɟɮɟɤɬɜɭɤɪɚʀɧɫɶɤɿɣɦɨɜɚɯ.

Ɂɚɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦɢ ɞɢɫɬɪɢɛɭɬɢɜɧɨɝɨɚɧɚɥɿɡɭɤɨɥɨɤɚɰɿɣɡ ɤɚɭɡɚɥɶɧɨɸɞɨɦɿɧɚɧɬɨɸ “effect” ɜ ɚɧɝɥɿɣɫɶɤɿɣ

ɦɨɜɿ ɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ ɫɿɦ (7) ɬɢɩɿɜ ɤɨɥɨɤɚɬɢɜɧɢɯ ɫɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɶ, ɚ ɡ ɤɚɭɡɚɥɶɧɨɸ ɞɨɦɿɧɚɧɬɨɸ “ɟɮɟɤɬ” ɜ

ɭɤɪɚʀɧɫɶɤɿɣɦɨɜɿ – ɞɟɜ’ɹɬɶ (9) ɬɢɩɿɜ. Ɉɬɪɢɦɚɧɿɞɚɧɿɫɜɿɞɱɚɬɶɩɪɨɧɚɹɜɧɿɫɬɶɫɩɿɥɶɧɢɯɿɜɿɞɦɿɧɧɢɯɬɢɩɿɜ

ɤɨɥɨɤɚɰɿɣ ɭ ɦɨɜɚɯɡɿɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɹ, ɡɧɚɧɧɹ ɹɤɢɯɫɩɪɢɹɬɢɦɟ ɡɚɩɨɛɿɝɚɧɧɸɩɨɦɢɥɨɤ ɩɪɢ ɩɟɪɟɤɥɚɞɿ ɭ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɿ

ɮɨɪɦɭɜɚɧɧɹɿɧɲɨɦɨɜɧɨʀɤɨɦɭɧɿɤɚɬɢɜɧɨʀɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɰɿʀ.

Ʉɥɸɱɨɜɿ ɫɥɨɜɚ: ɤɨɥɨɤɚɰɿɹ, ɤɚɭɡɚɥɶɧɚ ɞɨɦɿɧɚɧɬɚ, ɬɢɩɢ ɤɨɥɨɤɚɰɿɣ ɿɡ ɥɟɤɫɟɦɨɸ ɟɮɟɤɬ,

ɿɧɲɨɦɨɜɧɚɤɨɦɭɧɿɤɚɬɢɜɧɚɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɰɿɹ.

Ⱥɧɬɪɨɩɨɰɟɧɬɪɢɱɧɢɣ ɩɿɞɯɿɞ ɞɨ ɚɧɚɥɿɡɭ ɥɿɧɝɜɿɫɬɢɱɧɢɯ ɬɚ ɟɤɫɬɪɚɥɿɧɝɜɿɫɬɢɱɧɢɯ ɹɜɢɳ, ɩɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɢɯ ɡ ɦɨɞɢɮɿɤɚɰɿɽɸ ɛɚɡɨɜɢɯ ɨɫɧɨɜ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɥɨɝɿʀ ɧɚɭɤɨɜɢɯ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɟɧɶ, ɜɢɡɧɚɱɚɽ ɩɟɪɟɯɿɞ ɜɿɞ ɥɿɧɝɜɿɫɬɢɤɢ “ɿɦɚɧɟɧɬɧɨʀ”, ɨɪɿɽɧɬɨɜɚɧɨʀ ɧɚ ɪɨɡɝɥɹɞ ɦɨɜɢ “ɜ ɫɚɦɿɣ ɫɨɛɿ ɿ ɞɥɹ ɫɟɛɟ”, ɞɨ ɥɿɧɝɜɿɫɬɢɤɢ ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɥɨɝɿɱɧɨʀ, ɹɤɚ ɩɟɪɟɞɛɚɱɚɽ ɜɢɜɱɟɧɧɹ ɦɨɜɢ ɭ ɬɿɫɧɨɦɭɡɜ’ɹɡɤɭɡ ɥɸɞɢɧɨɸ, ʀʀ ɦɢɫɥɟɧɧɹɦ, ɫɜɿɞɨɦɿɫɬɸ, ɞɭɯɨɜɧɨ-ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɧɨɸɞɿɹɥɶɧɿɫɬɸ [5, ɫ. 8].

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ɜɢɜɱɟɧɧɹ ɤɚɭɡɚɥɶɧɢɯ ɜɿɞɧɨɲɟɧɶ ɜ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɿ ɤɚɪɬɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɧɚɜɤɨɥɢɲɧɶɨʀɞɿɣɫɧɨɫɬɿ ɧɨɫɿɹɦɢ ɪɿɡɧɢɯ ɦɨɜ [10, ɫ. 88]. ɋɚɦɟ ɬɚɤɿ ɪɨɡɜɿɞɤɢ, ɹɤɿ ɽ ɞɨɬɢɱɧɢɦɢ ɞɨ ɪɨɡɜ’ɹɡɚɧɧɹ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ ɜɡɚɽɦɨɡɜ’ɹɡɤɭ ɦɨɜɢ ɿ ɦɢɫɥɟɧɧɹ, ɦɨɜɢ ɬɚ ɫɜɿɞɨɦɨɫɬɿ [4; 6; 7; 8], ɜɯɨɞɹɬɶ ɞɨ ɤɨɥɚ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɢɯɞɥɹɥɿɧɝɜɿɫɬɢɱɧɨʀɧɚɭɤɢɩɪɚɰɶ.

Ⱦɨɫɥɿɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɤɚɭɡɚɥɶɧɢɯ ɜɿɞɧɨɲɟɧɶ ɛɟɡɩɨɫɟɪɟɞɧɶɨ ɩɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɟ ɡ ɩɨɞɚɥɶɲɢɦ ɜɢɜɱɟɧɧɹɦ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɿʀ ɤɚɭɡɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ ɬɚ ɤɚɭɡɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɭ ɹɤ ɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨ-ɥɨɝɿɱɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɭ, ɳɨ ɪɟɩɪɟɡɟɧɬɭɽ ɰɸ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɿɸ ɭ ɫɜɿɞɨɦɨɫɬɿ ɿɧɞɢɜɿɞɚ [9, ɫ. 73–74]. Ɉɬɠɟ, ɤɚɭɡɚɥɶɧɿɫɬɶ ɜɢɜɱɚɥɚɫɹ ɜ ɛɚɝɚɬɶɨɯ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɚɯ: ɨɩɢɫɭɜɚɥɢɫɹ ɤɚɭɡɚɥɶɧɿ ɩɪɢɣɦɟɧɧɢɤɢ ɬɚ ɫɩɨɥɭɱɧɢɤɢ (ɇ. ȯ. Ʌɟɦɿɲ, ȿ.-Ɉ. ɏɚɚɝ), ɤɚɭɡɚɥɶɧɿ ɜɿɞɧɨɲɟɧɧɹ ɚɧɚɥɿɡɭɜɚɥɢɫɹ ɧɚ ɪɿɜɧɿ ɩɪɨɫɬɨɝɨ (ȼ. ȼ. ɀɞɚɧɨɜɚ, Ɍ. Ⱥ. əɳɟɧɤɨ, ɿɧɲɿ) ɿ ɫɤɥɚɞɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɱɟɧɶ (Ɉ. ɉ. Ɂɟɥɟɧɫɶɤɚ, ɇ. Ɇ. Ʉɨɪɛɨɡɟɪɨɜɚ, ɇ. ȯ. Ʌɟɦɿɲ, ɿɧɲɿ), ɧɚ ɪɿɜɧɿ ɬɟɤɫɬɭ (Ɇ. Ɉ. ɉɚɯɨɦɨɜɚ, Ʌ. ȼ. ɒɤɨɞɢɱ), ɚ ɬɚɤɨɠ ɡ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɡɨɪɭ ɮɭɧɤɰɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɿɞɯɨɞɭ (Ɉ. Ɇ. Ⱥɦɚɬɨɜ, Ɉ. ȼ. Ȼɨɧɞɚɪɤɨ, Ɋ. Ɇ. Ɍɟɪɟɦɨɜɚ), ɪɟɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɪɨɡɪɨɛɥɹɥɚɫɶ ɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɤɚ ɤɚɭɡɚɬɢɜɧɢɯ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɿɣ (ȼ. ɉ. ɇɟɞɹɥɤɨɜ, Ƚ. Ƚ. ɋɢɥɶɧɢɰɶɤɢɣ, Ɉ. ɉ. Ʉɨɦɚɪɨɜ) ɬɨɳɨ. Ⱦɨ ɛɟɡɩɨɫɟɪɟɞɧɿɯ ɤɨɧɫɬɢɬɭɟɧɬɿɜ (=ɤɚɭɡɚɥɶɧɿɞɨɦɿɧɚɧɬɢ) ɤɚɭɡɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɭ, ɫɥɿɞɨɦɡɚ ɇ. ȯ. Ʌɟɦɿɲ [9, ɫ. 73–79], ɜɿɞɧɨɫɢɦɨ ɬɚɤɿ: ɩɪɢɱɢɧɭ, ɩɿɞɫɬɚɜɭ, ɭɦɨɜɭ, ɩɨɫɬɭɩɤɭ, ɦɟɬɭ, ɟɮɟɤɬ, ɜɢɫɧɨɜɨɤ, ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ, ɧɚɫɥɿɞɨɤ, ɡɚɫɿɛ. ɉɪɨɩɨɧɨɜɚɧɚ ɪɨɡɜɿɞɤɚ ɩɪɢɫɜɹɱɟɧɚ ɜɢɫɜɿɬɥɟɧɧɸ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɿɤɢ ɫɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɹ (ɤɨɥɨɤɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɨɬɨɱɟɧɧɹ) ɤɚɭɡɚɥɶɧɨʀ ɞɨɦɿɧɚɧɬɢ “ɟɮɟɤɬ” ɹɤ ɫɤɥɚɞɨɜɨʀ ɤɚɭɡɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɭ, ɜɢɹɜɥɟɧɧɹɹɤɨʀ ɜ ɧɚɜɤɨɥɢɲɧɿɣɞɿɣɫɧɨɫɬɿ ɽɡɚɜɠɞɢɭɧɚɨɱɧɟɧɢɦɞɥɹɫɩɨɫɬɟɪɿɝɚɱɚ.

Ɇɟɬɚ ɫɬɚɬɬɿɩɨɥɹɝɚɽɜɿɞɟɧɬɢɮɿɤɚɰɿʀɤɨɥɨɤɚɰɿɣɡɤɚɭɡɚɥɶɧɨɸɞɨɦɿɧɚɧɬɨɸ “ɟɮɟɤɬ” ɜɚɧɝɥɿɣɫɶɤɿɣɬɚɭɤɪɚʀɧɫɶɤɿɣɦɨɜɚɯ.

Ɂɚɜɞɚɧɧɹ:

– ɭɬɨɱɧɢɬɢɞɟɮɿɧɿɰɿɸɩɨɧɹɬɬɹɤɨɥɨɤɚɰɿɹ;

– ɜɢɨɤɪɟɦɢɬɢ ɡɿɫɥɨɜɧɢɤɿɜɚɧɝɥɿɣɫɶɤɨʀ ɬɚɭɤɪɚʀɧɫɶɤɨʀɦɨɜ ɤɨɥɨɤɚɰɿʀɡ ɥɟɤɫɟɦɚɦɢ effect ɬɚɟɮɟɤɬ;

– ɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɢɬɢɩɢɤɨɥɨɤɚɰɿɣɭɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɭɜɚɧɢɯɦɨɜɚɯ.

Ɂɝɿɞɧɨ ɡ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹɦ Ɉ. ɋ. Ⱥɯɦɚɧɨɜɨʀ, ɫɥɨɜɨ ɭ ɫɥɨɜɧɢɤɭ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɟ ɜ ɣɨɝɨ ɮɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɿ, ɬɨɛɬɨ ɩɨɡɚ ɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɨɦ, ɛɟɡ ɩɟɜɧɨʀ ɦɨɜɥɟɧɧɽɜɨʀ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɿʀ [15]. ɉɪɨɬɟ, ɜ ɞɿɣɫɧɨɫɬɿ ɥɸɞɢɧɚ ɨɩɟɪɭɽ ɧɟ ɨɤɪɟɦɢɦɢ ɫɥɨɜɚɦɢ, ɚ ʀɯ ɤɨɦɛɿɧɚɰɿɹɦɢ, ɜ ɹɤɢɯ

ɞɟɧɨɬɚɬɢɜɧɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɤɨɧɨɬɚɰɿɹɦɢ ɧɚ ɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɱɧɨɦɭ,

ɝɪɚɦɚɬɢɱɧɨɦɭ, ɫɢɧɬɚɤɫɢɱɧɨɦɭ ɬɚ ɥɟɤɫɢɱɧɨɦɭ ɪɿɜɧɹɯ. Ɉɬɠɟ, ɤɨɠɧɚ ɥɟɤɫɟɦɚ ɦɚɽ ɫɜɿɣ ɧɚɛɿɪɡɧɚɱɟɧɶ, ɧɚɨɫɧɨɜɿɹɤɢɯɜɨɧɚɦɨɠɟɭɬɜɨɪɸɜɚɬɢɤɨɥɨɤɚɰɿɣɧɿɫɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɹ.

ɍ ɫɭɱɚɫɧɿɣ ɥɿɧɝɜɿɫɬɢɰɿ ɧɟ ɿɫɧɭɽ ɽɞɢɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɝɥɹɞɭ ɧɚ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ ɬɟɪɦɿɧɚ

ɤɨɥɨɤɚɰɿɹ. Ɍɪɚɞɢɰɿɣɧɨ ɩɿɞ ɤɨɥɨɤɚɰɿɹɦɢ ɪɨɡɭɦɿɸɬɶ “ɧɟɜɢɩɚɞɤɨɜɭ ɫɩɨɥɭɤɭ ɞɜɨɯ ɬɚ ɛɿɥɶɲɟ ɥɟɤɫɢɱɧɢɯ ɨɞɢɧɢɰɶ, ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɭ ɞɥɹ ɦɨɜɢ ɡɚɝɚɥɨɦ (ɬɟɤɫɬɿɜ ɛɭɞɶ-ɹɤɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɭ), ɬɚɤɿɩɟɜɧɨɝɨɬɢɩɭɬɟɤɫɬɿɜ (ɱɢɧɚɜɿɬɶɜɢɛɿɪɤɢɬɟɤɫɬɿɜ)” [12].

(3)

ȱɫɧɭɸɬɶ ɬɚɤɨɠ ɿɧɲɿ ɩɿɞɯɨɞɢ ɞɨ ɤɥɚɫɢɮɿɤɚɰɿʀ ɤɨɥɨɤɚɰɿɣ. ɇɚɩɪɢɤɥɚɞ, ȿ. Ȼɹɥɟɤ ɩɪɨɩɨɧɭɽ ɪɨɡɪɿɡɧɹɬɢ ɬɪɢ (3) ɝɨɥɨɜɧɿ ɝɪɭɩɢ ɤɨɥɨɤɚɰɿɣ: 1 – ɞɿɽɫɥɿɜɧɨ-ɿɦɟɧɧɿ ( verbal-nominal), 2 – ɚɬɪɢɛɭɬɢɜɧɿ (attributive), 3 – ɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɨɜɿ (adverbial), ɤɨɠɧɚ ɡ ɹɤɢɯ, ɭ ɫɜɨɸ ɱɟɪɝɭ, ɩɨɞɿɥɹɽɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɩɿɞɝɪɭɩɢ [3, ɫ. 230]. Ⱦɨɫɥɿɞɧɢɰɹ ɿɧɬɟɪɩɪɟɬɭɽ ɤɨɥɨɤɚɰɿɸ ɹɤ “ɫɬɚɥɟɫɥɨɜɨɫɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɹɡɩɨɫɬɿɣɧɢɦɢɟɤɜɿɜɚɥɟɧɬɚɦɢɜɦɨɜɿɩɟɪɟɤɥɚɞɭ” [3, c. 231].

Ɇ. Ȼɟɧɫɨɧ, ȿ. Ȼɟɧɫɨɧ ɬɚ Ɋ. ȱɥɫɨɧ ɩɪɨɩɨɧɭɸɬɶ ɤɥɚɫɢɮɿɤɭɜɚɬɢ ɝɪɚɦɚɬɢɱɧɿ ɬɚ ɥɟɤɫɢɱɧɿɤɨɥɨɤɚɰɿʀ, ɩɪɢ ɱɨɦɭ ɝɪɚɦɚɬɢɱɧɿ ɤɨɥɨɤɚɰɿʀ ɧɚɪɚɯɨɜɭɸɬɶɩɨɧɚɞ ɞɜɚɞɰɹɬɶ ɲɿɫɬɶ (26) ɬɢɩɿɜ ɤɨɦɛɿɧɚɰɿɣ: N+Prep, N+toV, N+that- clause, Prep+N, Adj+Prep, PredAdj+toV, Adj+that-clause ɬɚ ɞɟɜ’ɹɬɧɚɞɰɹɬɶ (19) ɞɿɽɫɥɿɜɧɢɯ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪ (V-patterns) [16, c. 54–58]. ɍ ɫɜɨɸ ɱɟɪɝɭ ɥɟɤɫɢɱɧɿ ɤɨɥɨɤɚɰɿʀ ɧɟ ɦɿɫɹɬɶ ɝɪɚɦɚɬɢɱɧɢɯ ɟɥɟɦɟɧɬɿɜ ɬɚ ɨɩɢɫɭɸɬɶɫɹ ɫɶɨɦɚ (7) ɬɢɩɚɦɢ: V+N / Pron (Prep-phrase), Adj+N, N+V, N+N, Adj+Adj, V+Adv [16, c. 59–60].

ɋɥɿɞ ɡɚɭɜɚɠɢɬɢ, ɳɨ ɜɢɳɟɩɨɞɚɧɚ ɤɥɚɫɢɮɿɤɚɰɿɹ ɥɟɤɫɢɱɧɢɯ ɤɨɥɨɤɚɰɿɣ ɡɧɚɣɲɥɚ

ɩɪɨɞɨɜɠɟɧɧɹɜɪɨɡɪɨɛɤɚɯɪɿɡɧɢɯɚɜɬɨɪɿɜ, ɧɚɩɪɢɤɥɚɞ, ɋ. Ȼɚɪɱ [14].

ɍ ɫɬɚɬɬɿ ɩɿɞ ɤɨɥɨɤɚɰɿɽɸ ɪɨɡɭɦɿɽɦɨ ɦɿɧɿɦɚɥɶɧɭ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɭ ɨɞɢɧɢɰɸ, ɳɨ ɫɤɥɚɞɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɡ ɞɜɨɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɿɜ: ɛɚɡɨɜɨɝɨ ɿ ɜɿɥɶɧɨɝɨ. ɉɪɢ ɰɶɨɦɭ ɜɿɥɶɧɢɣ ɮɨɪɦɭɽ ɥɿɜɨɛɿɱɧɭɚɛɨɩɪɚɜɨɛɿɱɧɭɫɩɨɥɭɱɭɜɚɧɿɫɬɶɛɚɡɨɜɨɝɨɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚ.

ɉɟɪɟɞɭɸɱɢ ɜɥɚɫɧɟ ɚɧɚɥɿɡɭ ɤɨɥɨɤɚɰɿɣ ɡ ɤɚɭɡɚɥɶɧɨɸ ɞɨɦɿɧɚɧɬɨɸ “ɟɮɟɤɬ” ɧɚ ɦɚɬɟɪɿɚɥɿ ɫɥɨɜɧɢɤɿɜ ɚɧɝɥɿɣɫɶɤɨʀ ɬɚ ɭɤɪɚʀɧɫɶɤɨʀ ɦɨɜ, ɜɿɞɡɧɚɱɢɦɨ ɮɚɤɬ ɫɩɿɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɯɨɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɥɟɤɫɟɦ effect ɿ ɟɮɟɤɬ. ȼ ɚɧɝɥɿɣɫɶɤɿɣ ɦɨɜɿ effect ɽ ɡɚɩɨɡɢɱɟɧɧɹɦ ɡ ɥɚɬɢɧɢ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɫɬɚɪɨɮɪɚɧɰɭɡɶɤɭ ɦɨɜɭ (ɡɚɮɿɤɫɨɜɚɧɚ ɭ ɬɪɢɧɚɞɰɹɬɨɦɭ ɫɬɨɪɿɱɱɿ): ɫɩɨɱɚɬɤɭ ɡɿ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹɦ “execution or completion (of an act)” (ɜɢɤɨɧɚɧɧɹ ɚɛɨ ɡɚɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɹ (ɞɿʀ / ɚɤɬɭ)), ɭ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɿ “impression produced on the beholder” (ɜɪɚɠɟɧɧɹ, ɫɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɟɧɚ ɫɩɨɫɬɟɪɿɝɚɱɚ) ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɽɬɶɫɹɡ 1736 ɪɨɤɭ, ɚ ɹɤ “sense in stage effect, sound effect, etc.” (ɜɿɞɱɭɬɬɹɜɿɞ ɫɰɟɧɿɱɧɨɝɨ, ɡɜɭɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɟɮɟɤɬɭ ɬɨɳɨ) ɜɩɟɪɲɟ ɡɚɮɿɤɫɨɜɚɧɟ ɭ 1881 ɪɨɰɿ [22]. ȼ ɭɤɪɚʀɧɫɶɤɿɣ ɦɨɜɿ ɫɥɨɜɨ ɟɮɟɤɬ ɩɨɯɨɞɢɬɶ ɜɿɞ ɥɚɬɢɧɫɶɤɨɝɨ effektus “ɜɢɤɨɧɚɧɧɹ, ɞɿɹ, ɜɩɥɢɜ, ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ”, ɩɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɟ ɡ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɨɦ efficɿɨ “ɜɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɹɸ, ɜɢɤɨɧɭɸ, ɩɪɢɡɧɚɱɚɸ, ɞɨɜɨɞɠɭ” (efficere – “ɪɨɛɢɬɢ, ɫɩɪɢɱɢɧɸɜɚɬɢ”), ɭɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɦ ɡɚ ɞɨɩɨɦɨɝɨɸ ɩɪɟɮɿɤɫɚ ex-(>ef-ɜɧɚɫɥɿɞɨɤɚɫɢɦɿɥɹɰɿʀ) “ɡ-” ɜɿɞɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚfacio “ɪɨɛɥɸ” [18].

ɉɪɚɮɨɪɦɚɞɥɹɨɛɨɯɥɟɤɫɟɦɽɫɩɿɥɶɧɨɸ, ɨɫɤɿɥɶɤɢɫɤɥɚɞɚɽɬɶɫɹɡɩɪɟɮɿɤɫɭex, Ɲ, ec-(“ɡ, ɜɿɞɞɚɥɟɧɢɣ, ɞɚɥɟɤɨ”) < PIt. *ez, *eks (“ɡ”) < PIE *h1egh, *h1eghs (“ɡ”) ɬɚ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ

facere (faciǀ “ɪɨɛɢɬɢ”) < PIt. *fak-i, *fek / *fak (“ɡɪɨɛɢɬɢ, ɡɪɨɛɢɜ”) < PIE *dheh1-

(“ɡɪɨɛɢɜ”); *dhh1-k- (“ɪɨɛɢɬɢ”), *dhh1-k-i [9, ɫ. 133].

ɐɿɤɚɜɨ, ɳɨ ɜ ɚɧɝɥɿɣɫɶɤɿɣ ɦɨɜɿ ɥɟɤɫɟɦɚ effect ɦɚɽ ɩɨɞɜɿɣɧɭ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɨɦɨɜɧɭ ɩɪɢɧɚɥɟɠɧɿɫɬɶ, ɬɨɛɬɨ ɽ ɹɤ ɿɦɟɧɧɢɤɨɦ, ɬɚɤ ɿ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɨɦ, ɚ ɜ ɭɤɪɚʀɧɫɶɤɿɣ ɦɨɜɿ – ɥɢɲɟ ɿɦɟɧɧɢɤɨɦ. Ⱥɤɰɟɧɬɭɽɦɨ, ɳɨ ɭ ɫɬɚɬɬɿ ɩɪɨɚɧɚɥɿɡɨɜɚɧɨ ɤɨɥɨɤɚɰɿʀ, ɹɤɿ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɬɶ ɬɿɥɶɤɢ ɿɦɟɧɧɢɤɢ (ɜ ɨɛɨɯ ɦɨɜɚɯ). Ɍɚɤɨɠ ɡɚɭɜɚɠɢɦɨ, ɳɨ ɫɤɥɚɞɨɜɨɸ ɤɨɥɨɤɚɰɿʀ ɧɟ ɜɜɚɠɚɽɦɨ ɚɪɬɢɤɥɿɚɧɝɥɿɣɫɶɤɨʀɦɨɜɢɱɟɪɟɡʀɯɜɿɞɫɭɬɧɿɫɬɶɜɭɤɪɚʀɧɫɶɤɿɣɦɨɜɿ.

Ɂ ɞɢɫɬɪɢɛɭɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɿɡɭ ɞɚɧɢɯ ɫɥɨɜɧɢɤɨɜɢɯ ɫɬɚɬɟɣ ɹɤ ɚɧɝɥɿɣɫɶɤɨʀ, ɬɚɤ ɿ ɭɤɪɚʀɧɫɶɤɨʀ ɦɨɜ ɨɱɟɜɢɞɧɨ, ɳɨ ɤɚɭɡɚɥɶɧɚ ɞɨɦɿɧɚɧɬɚ “ɟɮɟɤɬ” ɦɨɠɟ ɭɬɜɨɪɸɜɚɬɢ

ɝɪɚɦɚɬɢɱɧɿ [14] ɥɿɜɨɛɿɱɧɿ / ɩɪɚɜɨɛɿɱɧɿ ɫɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɹ ɡ ɩɟɜɧɢɦɢ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚɦɢ, ɩɪɢɤɦɟɬɧɢɤɚɦɢ, ɩɪɢɣɦɟɧɧɢɤɚɦɢ, ɡɚɣɦɟɧɧɢɤɚɦɢ, ɫɩɨɥɭɱɧɢɤɚɦɢ, ɜɜɨɞɢɬɢ ɩɿɞɪɹɞɧɿ ɪɟɱɟɧɧɹ, ɚ ɬɚɤɨɠɥɟɤɫɢɱɧɿ [13], ɳɨ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɸɬɶɫɹ ɞɥɹɨɩɢɫɭ ɪɿɡɧɢɯ ɜɢɞɿɜɟɮɟɤɬɭ ɜ ɚɤɚɞɟɦɿɱɧɨɦɭ ɞɢɫɤɭɪɫɿ (ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɿɱɧɨɦɭ, ɦɟɞɢɱɧɨɦɭ, ɞɿɥɨɜɨɦɭ ɬɨɳɨ), ɞɟɬɚɥɶɧɢɣ ɪɨɡɝɥɹɞɹɤɢɯɧɟɜɢɡɧɚɱɚɽɬɶɫɹɦɟɬɨɸɬɚɡɚɜɞɚɧɧɹɦɢɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɟɧɧɹ.

(4)

ɬɨɳɨ); 4) “techniques used when making sth” (ɬɟɯɧɿɤɢ, ɳɨ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɸɬɶɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɿʀ ɩɟɜɧɢɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɿɜ) [23]. ɉɨɞɿɛɧɟ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɨ ɬɚɤɨɠ ɭ Macmillan Dictionary: “effect…a change that is produced in one person or thing by another~effect on / upon: Scientists are studying the chemical’s effect on the environment.~have an effect on something: Any change in lifestyle will have an effect on your health.~have some / little / no effect: The NAFTA agreement has had little effect on the lives of most Americans.~an adverse / beneficial effect (=a bad / good effect): East German companies were suffering the adverse effects of German economicunion.~reduce / counter the effect(s) of something: Relaxation can reduce the negative effects of stress on the immune system” [21].

ɍ ɫɥɨɜɧɢɤɚɯɭɤɪɚʀɧɫɶɤɨʀ ɦɨɜɢ [19; 20] ɩɨɞɚɧɨ ɬɚɤɟ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ ɥɟɤɫɟɦɢ ɟɮɟɤɬ: “1. ɋɢɥɶɧɟ ɜɪɚɠɟɧɧɹ, ɜɢɤɥɢɤɚɧɟ ɤɢɦ-, ɱɢɦ-ɧɟɛɭɞɶ. 2. Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ, ɧɚɫɥɿɞɨɤ ɹɤɢɯ-ɧɟɛɭɞɶ ɩɪɢɱɢɧ, ɫɢɥ, ɞɿɣ, ɡɚɯɨɞɿɜ. 3. ɩɟɪɟɜ. ɦɧ. Ɂɚɫɨɛɢ, ɩɪɢɣɨɦɢ, ɩɪɢɫɬɨɫɭɜɚɧɧɹ, ɡɚɞɨɩɨɦɨɝɨɸ ɹɤɢɯɫɬɜɨɪɸɽɬɶɫɹɜɪɚɠɟɧɧɹ, ɿɥɸɡɿɹɱɨɝɨ-ɧɟɛɭɞɶ. 4. Ɏɿɡɢɱɧɟɹɜɢɳɟ” [19; 20].

Ɂɿɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɱɢ ɜɢɳɟɧɚɜɟɞɟɧɿ ɫɥɨɜɧɢɤɨɜɿ ɞɟɮɿɧɿɰɿʀ, ɦɨɠɧɚ ɡɪɨɛɢɬɢ ɜɢɫɧɨɜɨɤ ɩɪɨ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɿɱɧɭ ɿɧɬɟɪɩɪɟɬɚɰɿɸɥɟɤɫɟɦ effect ɬɚ ɟɮɟɤɬ ɜɨɛɨɯɦɨɜɚɯ, ɚɥɟɩɨɞɿɛɧɟ ɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɱɧɟ ɧɚɜɚɧɬɚɠɟɧɧɹ ɧɟ ɞɚɽ ɤɨɪɟɤɬɧɨɝɨ ɭɹɜɥɟɧɧɹ ɩɪɨ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹ ɚɧɚɥɿɡɨɜɚɧɢɯ ɥɟɤɫɢɱɧɢɯ

ɨɞɢɧɢɰɶ ɜ ɚɧɝɥɿɣɫɶɤɿɣ ɬɚ ɭɤɪɚʀɧɫɶɤɿɣ ɦɨɜɚɯ ɡ ɦɟɬɨɸ ɧɚɜɱɚɧɧɹ ɿɧɲɨɦɨɜɧɨʀ

ɤɨɦɭɧɿɤɚɬɢɜɧɨʀɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɰɿʀɬɚɩɪɢɩɟɪɟɤɥɚɞɿ. ȼɢɪɿɲɟɧɧɸɨɤɪɟɫɥɟɧɨʀɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɢɫɩɪɢɹɽ ɞɢɫɬɪɢɛɭɬɢɜɧɢɣ ɚɧɚɥɿɡɤɨɥɨɤɚɰɿɣɡɤɚɭɡɚɥɶɧɨɸɞɨɦɿɧɚɧɬɨɸ “ɟɮɟɤɬ” ɭ ɦɨɜɚɯɜɢɜɱɟɧɧɹ. Ɂɚɞɥɹ ɩɿɞɜɢɳɟɧɧɹ ɨɛ’ɽɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɿ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɿɜ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɚɧɚɥɿɡ ɡɞɿɣɫɧɸɽɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɦɚɬɟɪɿɚɥɿɬɪɶɨɯɫɥɨɜɧɢɤɿɜɡ ɤɨɠɧɨʀɡɦɨɜ.

Ʉɨɥɨɤɚɰɿʀɡɤɚɭɡɚɥɶɧɨɸɞɨɦɿɧɚɧɬɨɸ “effect” ɜɚɧɝɥɿɣɫɶɤɿɣɦɨɜɿ.

ɍ The BBI Combinatory Dictionary of English ɡɚɝɚɥɶɧɚ ɿɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɿɹ ɩɪɨ “effect”

ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɬɚɤɢɦ ɱɢɧɨɦ: “effect n. [‘efficacy’] [‘influence’] 1. to have, to produce an e. on 2. to heighten an e. 3. to take e. (the drug took e.) 4. to feel an e. (I feel the e. of the narcotic) 5. to mar; negate, nullify; sleep off the e. (of smt.) 6. an adverse; beneficial; salutary; calculated; cumulative; deleterious, harmful; desired; dramatic; exhilarating; far-reaching; hypnotic; limited; marginal; minimal; net; practical; profound e. 7. a domino; greenhouse (‘warming of the earth’s surface’); halo (‘overly favorable judgement based on irrelevant factors’); knock-on (BE) (‘additional’); placebo; retroactive; ripple (‘gradually spreading influence’); side e. 8. an e. wears off 9. to little e. [‘operation’] 10. to put into e. (to put new regulations into e.) 11. to go into, take e. (when does the new law take e.?) 12. in e. (the ordinance is still in e.) [‘desired impression’} 13. for e. (she said that purely for e.) [‘meaning’] 14. to the e. (he said smt. to the e. that he might be late; words to that e.) [‘reality’] [‘practice’] 15. in e.” [24].

ȼɢɳɟɧɚɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ ɦɚɬɟɪɿɚɥ ɫɜɿɞɱɢɬɶ, ɳɨ ɤɚɭɡɚɥɶɧɚ ɞɨɦɿɧɚɧɬɚ “ɟɮɟɤɬ” ɜɯɨɞɢɬɶ ɞɨ ɫɤɥɚɞɭ ɤɨɥɨɤɚɰɿɣ, ɞɟ ɥɿɜɨɛɿɱɧɚ ɫɩɨɥɭɱɭɜɚɧɿɫɬɶ ɪɟɩɪɟɡɟɧɬɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɰɿɥɨɸ ɧɢɡɤɨɸ ɞɿɽɫɥɿɜ ([V + Neffect]), ɧɚɩɪɢɤɥɚɞ, to have an effect, to produce an effect, to feel the effect, to mar

an effect. Ɍɚɤɨɠɜɨɧɚ ɭɬɜɨɪɸɽɤɨɥɨɤɚɰɿɣɧɿɫɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɹɡɬɚɤɢɦɢɩɪɢɤɦɟɬɧɢɤɚɦɢ ([Adj + Neffect]), ɹɤ an adverse effect; beneficial effect; salutary effect; calculated effect; cumulative effect; deleterious effect, harmful effect; desired effect; dramatic effect; exhilarating effect; far– reaching effect; hypnotic effect; limited effect; marginal effect; minimal effect; net effect; practical effect; profound effect ɬɨɳɨ.

Ɉɤɪɟɦɭ ɝɪɭɩɭ ɫɤɥɚɞɚɸɬɶ ɤɨɥɨɤɚɰɿʀ ɡ ɩɪɢɣɦɟɧɧɢɤɚɦɢ in, for, into ([Prep +Neffect]). ɋɥɿɞ ɡɚɡɧɚɱɢɬɢ, ɳɨ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɩɪɢɣɦɟɧɧɢɤɨɦ into, ɹɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɜɠɢɜɚɸɬɶɫɹ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚto put, to come.

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Ʉɨɥɨɤɚɰɿʀ ɞɥɹ ɥɟɤɫɟɦɢ effect ɭ Macmillan Dictionary [21] ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɬɶ ɩɪɢɤɦɟɬɧɢɤɢ, ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ, ɩɪɢɣɦɟɧɧɢɤɢɬɚ ɨɤɪɟɦɿɫɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɹ.

Ʌɿɜɨɛɿɱɧɿ:

ɚ) ɡ ɩɪɢɤɦɟɬɧɢɤɚɦɢ: [Adj+ Neffect]: “adverse, beneficial, cumulative, damaging,

detrimental, dramatic, harmful, immediate, knock-on, major, negative, positive, profound, serious, significant, substantial~… an appearance or reaction that is deliberately produced, for example by a writer, artist, or musician:The bold colours in this room create a dramatic effect” [21];

ɛ) ɡɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚɦɢ: [V + Neffect]: “get/produce/achieve an effect: Students should learn how they can achieve different stylistic effects in their writing” [21];

ɜ) ɡ ɩɪɢɣɦɟɧɧɢɤɚɦɢ: [Prep +Neffect]: into: “The law came into effect on New Year’s Day~ for: ‘Still...’she said and paused for effect in effect: In effect, this means we’ll all have to work longer hours for the same pay ~effect from”; with “with effect from: Trade sanctions have been imposed with effect from April 1” [21];

ɝ) ɡ ɜɤɚɡɿɜɧɢɦɢ ɡɚɣɦɟɧɧɢɤɚɦɢ: [to Prondem +Neffect]: “to this/that effect used for showing that you are giving a general idea of what someone said instead of their actual words: Harry murmured something to the effect that they would all meet Margaret soon enough. Then Sally said, ‘Who is this then?’ or words to that effect” [21].

ɉɪɚɜɨɛɿɱɧɚ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɤɨɥɨɤɚɰɿɹɦɢ ɡ ɩɪɢɣɦɟɧɧɢɤɚɦɢ [Neffect + Prep]: “effect of the possible serious side: effects of this drug”, “effect from: The new timetable” [21].

ȼɚɪɬɨ ɡɚɭɜɚɠɢɬɢ, ɳɨ ɥɿɜɨɛɿɱɧɿ ɣ ɩɪɚɜɨɛɿɱɧɿ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɢ ɡ ɩɪɢɣɦɟɧɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɜɢɪɚɠɚɸɬɶ ɪɿɡɧɿ ɜɿɞɦɿɧɧɢɤɨɜɿ ɡɜ’ɹɡɤɢ, ɳɨ ɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɤɨɜɨ ɦɚɸɬɶ ɛɭɬɢ ɜɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɿ ɩɪɢ ɩɟɪɟɤɥɚɞɿ.

ʈɪɭɧɬɭɸɱɢɫɶ ɧɚ ɦɚɬɟɪɿɚɥɿ, ɡɚɮɿɤɫɨɜɚɧɨɦɭ ɜ Oxford Collocation Dictionary [23], ɬɚɤɨɠɜɢɹɜɥɟɧɨɥɿɜɨɛɿɱɧɿɬɚɩɪɚɜɨɛɿɱɧɿɬɢɩɢɤɨɥɨɤɚɰɿɣɡɥɟɤɫɟɦɨɸ “effect”.

Ⱦɨɥɿɜɨɛɿɱɧɢɯɜɿɞɧɨɫɹɬɶɫɹ:

– ɚɬɪɢɛɭɬɢɜɧɿ ɤɨɥɨɤɚɰɿʀ [Adj+ Neffect]: “decisive, dramatic, far-reaching, important, marked, powerful, profound, significant, strong | marginal, minimal, modest, negligible | chief, main, major, principal | full The full effects of the new tax have not yet

been felt. | apparent, appreciable, detectable, discernible, measurable, noticeable, visible

| likely, possible, potential, predictable, probable | subtle | disproportionate | residual | adverse, catastrophic, crippling, damaging, debilitating, deleterious, destructive, detrimental, devastating, disastrous, harmful, ill, negative, serious, traumatic, undesirable, unfortunate the crippling effect of sanctions on the economy He didn't seem to have suffered

long-term, permanent | domino, knock-on, ripple, spin-off Any delay in delivery of

materials will have a knock-on effect throughout the production process. (see also side effect) | practical | aggregate, combined, cumulative, net, overall | qualitative, quantitative

| cohesive | divisive | deterrent, disincentive The deterrent effect of the death penalty has

long been questioned. Heavy taxation has a disincentive effect. | calming, hypnotic,

greenhouse policies to reduce emissions of gases which cause the greenhouse effect;

dramatic, start ling, striking, stunning | maximum, optimum | | overall The overall effect of

the painting is overwhelming the desired I found that by adding white I could achieve the

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ɩɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ ɹɤɿɫɧɨʀ / ɟɦɨɰɿɣɧɨʀ / ɮɿɡɢɱɧɨʀɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɟɮɟɤɬɭ, ɧɚɩɪɢɤɥɚɞ: maximum – ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɢɣ, long-lasing – ɞɨɜɝɨɬɪɢɜɚɥɢɣ, dramatic – ɜɪɚɠɚɸɱɢɣ;

– ɞɿɽɫɥɿɜɧɿ ɤɨɥɨɤɚɰɿʀ [V + Neffect]: “bring about, exert, have, produce The drug

| ameliorate, cushion, lessen, minimize, mitigate, reduce, soften to minimize the effects of

economic change | cancel out | counter, counteract, offset | compound, magnify, maximize

| avoid | be worried about, fear | underestimate | ignore; come into The new regulations

come into effect next month give (sth), have The stage lighting gives the effect of a moonlit scene. | achieve, create | enhance, heighten | mar, spoil” [23].

Ɂ ɧɚɜɟɞɟɧɢɯɿɥɸɫɬɪɚɰɿɣ ɦɨɠɧɚɡɪɨɛɢɬɢɜɢɫɧɨɜɨɤ, ɳɨ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚɬɚɤɨɠɩɨɽɞɧɚɧɿ ɭ ɝɪɭɩɢ ɡɚɥɟɠɧɨ ɜɿɞ ɡɦɿɫɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɧɚɜɚɧɬɚɠɟɧɧɹ ɟɮɟɤɬɭ, ɹɤɢɣ ɜɢɧɢɤɚɽ ɚɛɨ ɦɚɽ ɜɢɧɢɤɧɭɬɢ ɹɤɧɚɫɥɿɞɨɤ;

– ɩɪɢɣɦɟɧɧɢɤɨɜɿ ɤɨɥɨɤɚɰɿʀ [Prep +Neffect]: “in ~ The border closure meant, in

effect, that no trade took place between the countries. ~ Some laws from the eighteenth century are still in effect. | with … ~ The plague struck London again with devastating effect.

~ The bank has cut interest rates with immediate effect. | ~ on/upon The dry weather had an

adverse effect on the potato crops. | for … ~ ‘You know why I'm here?’ Doug paused for maximum effect. | to … ~ She uses animal sounds to startling effect in her music”.| into bring sth into, put sth into The recommendations will soon be put into effect” [23]. ȼɿɞɡɧɚɱɢɦɨ, ɳɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹɥɟɤɫɟɦɢ “effect” ɜɰɿɣɝɪɭɩɿɤɨɥɨɤɚɰɿɣɧɚɛɥɢɠɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɞɨɫɥɨɜɚ “ɱɢɧɧɢɣ” (in effect);

– ɡɚɣɦɟɧɧɢɤɨɜɿ ɤɨɥɨɤɚɰɿʀ [to Prondem +Neffect]: “to this/that ~ They told us to go away, or words to that effect” [23]; [PronNeg +Neffect] ɭ ɫɢɧɨɧɿɦɿɱɧɨɦɭ ɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɿ: “to little/no effect The air-conditioning came on, to little effect” [23];

– ɫɩɨɥɭɱɧɢɤɨɜɿ ɤɨɥɨɤɚɰɿʀ [Conj + Neffect]: “cause and effect key historical

concepts such as cause and effect” [23].

ɉɪɚɜɨɛɿɱɧɚ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɤɨɥɨɤɚɰɿɹɦɢ ɡ ɩɪɢɣɦɟɧɧɢɤɚɦɢ [Neffect + Prep]: “spread | last | wear off : How soon will the effects of the drug wear off?” [23]; ɡɿ ɫɩɨɥɭɱɧɢɦ ɫɥɨɜɨɦ which (ɹɤɟ ɦɨɠɟ ɜɢɩɭɫɤɚɬɢɫɹ), ɳɨ ɩɪɢɽɞɧɭɽ ɩɿɞɪɹɞɧɟ ɪɟɱɟɧɧɹ [Neffect + (which-clause) [Pronpers]]: “aim at: That is precisely the effect I was aiming at” [23] ĺThat is precisely the effect (which) I was aiming at”.

Ɉɬɠɟ, ɡɚ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦɢ ɞɢɫɬɪɢɛɭɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɿɡɭ ɬɪɶɨɯ ɫɥɨɜɧɢɤɿɜ ɚɧɝɥɿɣɫɶɤɨʀ ɦɨɜɢ [21; 23; 24] ɿ ɩɨɞɚɥɶɲɨɝɨ ʀɯ ɡɿɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɹ ɛɭɥɨ ɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ ɫɩɿɥɶɧɿ ɬɚ ɜɿɞɦɿɧɧɿ ɬɢɩɢ ɤɨɥɨɤɚɰɿɣ ɡ ɤɚɭɡɚɥɶɧɨɸ ɞɨɦɿɧɚɧɬɨɸ “effect”, ɚ ɫɚɦɟ: ɩ’ɹɬɶ (5) ɬɢɩɿɜ ɤɨɥɨɤɚɰɿɣ ɡ ɥɿɜɨɛɿɱɧɨɸ ɫɩɨɥɭɱɭɜɚɧɿɫɬɸɿ ɞɜɚ (2) – ɡ ɩɪɚɜɨɛɿɱɧɨɸ. ɋɩɿɥɶɧɢɦɢ ɽ ɬɪɢɥɿɜɨɛɿɱɧɿ ɬɢɩɢ ɤɨɥɨɤɚɰɿɣ: [V + Neffect], [Adj + Neffect], [Prep + Neffect], ɨɫɤɿɥɶɤɢ ɜɨɧɢ ɧɚɹɜɧɿ ɭ ɜɫɿɯ ɬɪɶɨɯ ɫɥɨɜɧɢɤɚɯ, ɹɤɿ ɩɿɞɥɹɝɚɥɢ ɚɧɚɥɿɡɭ. ɐɿɤɚɜɨ, ɳɨ ɛɭɥɨ ɜɢɹɜɥɟɧɨ ɞɜɚɧɚɞɰɹɬɶ (12) ɫɩɿɥɶɧɢɯ ɚɬɪɢɛɭɬɢɜɧɢɯ ɤɨɥɨɤɚɰɿɣ ɡ ɥɿɜɨɛɿɱɧɨɸ ɫɩɨɥɭɱɭɜɚɧɿɫɬɸ ([Adj + Neffect]: adverse, beneficial, cumulative, harmful, far-reaching, dramatic, devastating, disastrous, immediate, knock-off, profound, serious); ɩ’ɹɬɶ (5) ɞɿɽɫɥɿɜɧɢɯ ([V + Neffect]: to have, to feel, to make, to produce, to take); ɬɪɢ (3) ɩɪɢɣɦɟɧɧɢɤɨɜɢɯ ([Prep +Neffect]: in, into, for), ɳɨ ɞɚɽ ɩɿɞɫɬɚɜɢ ɩɪɟɡɟɧɬɭɜɚɬɢ ʀɯ ɹɤ ɤɨɥɨɤɚɰɿɣɧɿ ɩɪɨɬɨɬɢɩɢ ɡ ɤɚɭɡɚɥɶɧɨɸ ɞɨɦɿɧɚɧɬɨɸ “effect” ɜɚɧɝɥɿɣɫɶɤɿɣɦɨɜɿ.

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ɿɧɬɟɪɩɪɟɬɚɰɿɹ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɤɨɥɨɤɚɰɿɣ ɭ ɝɚɥɭɡɟɜɢɯ ɫɥɨɜɧɢɤɚɯ ɫɬɜɨɪɸɽ ɩɨɥɟ ɞɥɹ ɨɤɪɟɦɨɝɨ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɟɧɧɹ.

Ʉɨɥɨɤɚɰɿʀɡɤɚɭɡɚɥɶɧɨɸɞɨɦɿɧɚɧɬɨɸ “ɟɮɟɤɬ” ɜɭɤɪɚʀɧɫɶɤɿɣɦɨɜɿ.

Ɂɚɭɜɚɠɢɦɨ, ɳɨ ɜ ɭɤɪɚʀɧɫɶɤɿɣ ɦɨɜɿ ɪɨɡɦɚʀɬɬɹ ɤɨɥɨɤɚɰɿɣ ɡ ɤɚɭɡɚɥɶɧɨɸ ɞɨɦɿɧɚɧɬɨɸ “ɟɮɟɤɬ” ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɨ ɧɚɛɚɝɚɬɨ ɛɿɞɧɿɲɟ. Ɂ-ɩɨɦɿɠ ɩɪɨɚɧɚɥɿɡɨɜɚɧɢɯ ɧɚɦɢ ɤɨɥɨɤɚɰɿɣɧɢɯɫɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɶɜɢɞɿɥɟɧɨɬɚɤɿɥɿɜɨɛɿɱɧɿɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɢ:

– ɡɚɣɦɟɧɧɢɤɨɜɿ [Pronpers + Nɟɮɟɤɬ], ɞɟ ɿɦɟɧɧɢɤɭ ɟɮɟɤɬ ɩɟɪɟɞɭɽ ɨɫɨɛɨɜɢɣ ɡɚɣɦɟɧɧɢɤ ɭ ɞɚɜɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɜɿɞɦɿɧɤɭ: “ə ɬɚɤ ɤɨɪɨɬɤɨ ɨɩɢɫɭɸɨɫɬɚɧɧɸ ɫɰɟɧɭ, ɳɨ ɬɿɥɶɤɢ

ɪɿɡɤɟ, ɝɪɭɛɟ ɫɥɨɜɨ ɜɢɤɥɢɱɟ ɩɨɬɪɿɛɧɢɣ ɦɟɧɿ ɟɮɟɤɬ” [19, c. 492] ɚɛɨ ɭɧɿɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɢɣ ɡɚɣɦɟɧɧɢɤ (ɳɨ ɭɡɚɝɚɥɶɧɸɽ) [Pronuniv + Nɟɮɟɤɬ]: “ȼ ɩɟɪɲɿɣ ɿ ɨɫɬɚɧɧɿɣ ɩɚɪɿ ɪɹɞɤɿɜ

ɡɿɛɪɚɧɨɬɭɬ [ɭɜɿɪɲɿ] ɤɿɥɶɤɚɫɢɥɶɧɢɯɫɥɭɯɨɜɢɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɿɜ – ɪɟɜɜɟɥɢɤɨʀɪɿɤɢ, ɫɜɢɫɬɿɜɢɬɬɹ

ɜɿɬɪɭ, ɤɪɢɤɫɢɱɿɜ, ɫɤɪɢɩɞɟɪɟɜɚ – ɜɫɟ ɟɮɟɤɬɢɱɢɫɬɨɦɭɡɢɤɚɥɶɧɿ” [19, c. 492];

– ɩɪɢɤɦɟɬɧɢɤɨɜɿ [Adj + Nɟɮɟɤɬ]: “ȼɢɫɨɤɢɣ ɟɤɨɧɨɦɿɱɧɢɣ ɟɮɟɤɬ ɞɚɽ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɿ

ɡɚɫɬɨɫɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɜ ɦɚɲɢɧɨɛɭɞɭɜɚɧɧɿ ɬɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɥɢɬɬɹ, ɬɨɱɧɢɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɿɜ ɲɬɚɦɩɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɣ

ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɲɥɚɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɡɜɚɪɸɜɚɧɧɹ”; “ȼɢɛɭɯ ɧɟ ɞɚɜɚɜ ɩɨɬɪɿɛɧɨɝɨ ɟɮɟɤɬɭ” [19, c. 492]; “ɟɤɨɧɨɦɿɱɧɢɣɟɮɟɤɬ” [17; 19, c. 268; 20];

– [Conjword + Nɟɮɟɤɬ], ɞɟ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɤɚɭɡɚɥɶɧɨɸ ɞɨɦɿɧɚɧɬɨɸ ɫɬɨʀɬɶ ɫɩɨɥɭɱɧɢɤɨɜɟ ɫɥɨɜɨ, ɡɚ ɞɨɩɨɦɨɝɨɸ ɹɤɨɝɨ ɞɨ ɝɨɥɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɱɟɧɧɹ ɩɪɢɽɞɧɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɩɿɞɪɹɞɧɟ: “ȼɿɧ ɫɬɚɜ

ɞɭɦɚɬɢ ɩɪɨ ɬɟ, ɹɤɢɣ ɟɮɟɤɬ ɜɢɤɥɢɱɟ ɣɨɝɨ ɤɧɢɠɤɚ, ɤɨɥɢ ɜɨɧɚ ɜɢɣɞɟ ɡ ɞɪɭɤɭ” [19, c. 492];

– ɩɪɢɣɦɟɧɧɢɤɨɜɿ [Prep + Nɟɮɟɤɬ]: “ȼɢɪɿɲɟɧɨ ɛɭɥɨ… ɜɡɹɬɢɫɹ ɡɚ ɜɥɚɲɬɭɜɚɧɧɹ

ɥɹɥɶɤɨɜɨɝɨɬɟɚɬɪɭ ɡ ɞɟɤɨɪɚɰɿɹɦɢ, ɟɮɟɤɬɚɦɢɬɚɜɫɹɤɨɸɬɟɚɬɪɚɥɶɧɿɫɬɸ” [19, c. 492] ɉɪɚɜɨɛɿɱɧɿɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɢɽɬɟɠ ɧɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɢɦɢ:

– ɡ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɨɦ ɩɿɫɥɹ ɤɚɭɡɚɥɶɧɨʀ ɞɨɦɿɧɚɧɬɢ “ɟɮɟɤɬ” [Nɟɮɟɤɬ+V]: “ȼɿɧ ɫɬɚɜ

ɞɭɦɚɬɢ ɩɪɨ ɬɟ, ɹɤɢɣ ɟɮɟɤɬ ɜɢɤɥɢɱɟ ɣɨɝɨ ɤɧɢɠɤɚ, ɤɨɥɢ ɜɨɧɚ ɜɢɣɞɟ ɡ ɞɪɭɤɭ” [19, c. 492];

– ɡ ɿɦɟɧɧɢɤɨɦ ɭ ɪɨɞɨɜɨɦɭ ɜɿɞɦɿɧɤɭ [Nɟɮɟɤɬ+Ngen]: “ȿɮɟɤɬ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɧɨɫɬɿ”; “ȿɮɟɤɬ ɦɭɥɶɬɢɩɥɿɤɚɬɨɪɚ” [17, c. 268; 20];

– ɡɱɚɫɬɤɨɸ [Nɟɮɟɤɬ+Part]: “… ɟɮɟɤɬɢ ɱɢɫɬɨ ɦɭɡɢɤɚɥɶɧɿ” [19, c. 492];

– ɡ ɽɞɧɚɥɶɧɢɦ ɫɩɨɥɭɱɧɢɤɨɦ [Nɟɮɟɤɬ+Conjcop]: “ɡ ɞɟɤɨɪɚɰɿɹɦɢ, ɟɮɟɤɬɚɦɢ ɬɚ

ɜɫɹɤɨɸɬɟɚɬɪɚɥɶɧɿɫɬɸ” [19, c. 492].

Ɉɬɠɟ, ɞɥɹ ɤɚɭɡɚɥɶɧɨʀ ɞɨɦɿɧɚɧɬɢ “ɟɮɟɤɬ” ɜ ɭɤɪɚʀɧɫɶɤɿɣ ɦɨɜɿ ɧɚɦɢ ɜɢɨɤɪɟɦɥɟɧɨ ɩ’ɹɬɶ (5) ɥɿɜɨɛɿɱɧɢɯɬɢɩɿɜɤɨɥɨɤɚɰɿɣɿɱɨɬɢɪɢ (4) ɩɪɚɜɨɛɿɱɧɿ. ɉɪɨɬɨɬɢɩɧɨɸɽɥɢɲɟɨɞɧɚ – [Adj + Nɟɮɟɤɬ], ɨɫɤɿɥɶɤɢɜɨɧɚɧɚɹɜɧɚɭ ɜɫɿɯɬɪɶɨɯɫɥɨɜɧɢɤɚɯ, ɹɤɿɩɿɞɥɹɝɚɥɢɚɧɚɥɿɡɭ.

ɉɿɞɫɭɦɨɜɭɸɱɢ, ɡɚɡɧɚɱɢɦɨ, ɳɨ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɿ ɜɢɜɱɟɧɧɹ ɤɨɥɨɤɚɰɿɣ ɡ ɤɚɭɡɚɥɶɧɨɸ ɞɨɦɿɧɚɧɬɨɸ “ɟɮɟɤɬ” ɜ ɚɧɝɥɿɣɫɶɤɿɣ ɬɚ ɭɤɪɚʀɧɫɶɤɿɣ ɦɨɜɚɯ ɛɭɥɨɿɞɟɧɬɢɮɿɤɨɜɚɧɨ ɩ’ɹɬɶ (5) ɥɿɜɨɛɿɱɧɢɯ ɬɢɩɿɜɤɨɥɨɤɚɰɿɣɜɨɛɨɯɦɨɜɚɯ, ɡ ɹɤɢɯɞɜɚ (2) ɽɫɩɿɥɶɧɢɦɢ ([Adj + Neffect/ɟɮɟɤɬ], [Prep + Neffect/ɟɮɟɤɬ]), ɿ ɞɜɚ (2) ɬɚ ɱɨɬɢɪɢ (4) ɩɪɚɜɨɛɿɱɧɢɯ. Ɉɬɪɢɦɚɧɿ ɞɚɧɿ ɫɜɿɞɱɚɬɶ ɩɪɨ

ɞɨɰɿɥɶɧɿɫɬɶ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹ ɤɨɥɨɤɚɰɿɣɧɨɝɨ ɩɿɞɯɨɞɭ ɭ ɧɚɜɱɚɧɧɿ ɿɧɲɨɦɨɜɧɨʀ

ɤɨɦɭɧɿɤɚɬɢɜɧɨʀ ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɰɿʀ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɿɜ, ɳɨ ɬɚɤɨɠ ɫɩɪɢɹɬɢɦɟ ɩɨɥɿɩɲɟɧɧɸ ɹɤɨɫɬɿ ɩɟɪɟɤɥɚɞɭ, ɨɫɤɿɥɶɤɢ ɫɚɦɟ ɜ ɤɨɥɨɤɚɰɿɹɯ ɹɤ ɦɿɧɿɦɚɥɶɧɢɯ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɢɯ ɨɞɢɧɢɰɹɯ ɜɢɹɜɥɹɽɬɶɫɹɫɩɟɰɢɮɿɤɚɛɭɞɨɜɢɤɨɠɧɨʀɨɤɪɟɦɨʀɦɨɜɢ.

ɍ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɿ ɜɛɚɱɚɽɦɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɭ ɤɨɥɨɤɚɰɿɣ ɿɡ ɤɚɭɡɚɥɶɧɨɸ

ɞɨɦɿɧɚɧɬɨɸ “ɟɮɟɤɬ” ɧɚɛɚɡɿɞɢɫɤɭɪɫɿɜɪɿɡɧɢɯɬɢɩɿɜ.

Ʌ ɿ ɬ ɟ ɪ ɚ ɬ ɭ ɪ ɚ:

1. Ȼɨɛɤɨɜɚ Ɍ. ȼ. Ɍɟɨɪɟɬɢɤɨ-ɦɟɬɨɞɨɥɨɝɿɱɧɿ ɩɿɞɯɨɞɢ ɞɨ ɜɢɜɱɟɧɧɹ ɤɨɥɨɤɚɰɿɣ ɭ ɫɭɱɚɫɧɨɦɭ ɦɨɜɨɡɧɚɜɫɬɜɿ / Ɍ. ȼ. Ȼɨɛɤɨɜɚ // ȼɿɫɧɢɤɄɇɅɍ. ɋɟɪɿɹ “Ɏɿɥɨɥɨɝɿɹ”. – 2014. – Ɍ. 17. – ʋ 2. – C. 14–22.

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3. Ȼɹɥɟɤɗ. Ʉɨɥɥɨɤɚɰɢɹɤɚɤɟɞɢɧɢɰɚɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɚ / ɗ. Ȼɹɥɟɤ // Cuadernos de Rusística Española. – 2004. – ʋ 1. – C. 223–231.

4. ȼɿɧɨɤɭɪ ɇ. Ⱥ. ȼɧɭɬɪɿɲɧɹɮɨɪɦɚɿɦɨɬɢɜɨɜɚɧɿɫɬɶɬɟɪɦɿɧɿɜ / ɇ. Ⱥ. ȼɿɧɨɤɭɪ // ȱɫɬɨɪɿɹ, ɫɬɚɧɿɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɢ ɪɨɡɛɭɞɨɜɢɭɤɪɚʀɧɫɶɤɨʀɬɟɪɦɿɧɨɥɨɝɿʀ. – Ʉ. : ɇɚɭɤɚ, 1992. – C. 57–65.

5. ɂɪɢɫɯɚɧɨɜɚ Ɉ. Ʉ. Ɋɟɱɟɜɵɟ ɤɥɢɲɟ: ɷɬɢɤɟɬ ɢɥɢ ɧɟɱɬɨ ɛɨɥɶɲɟɟ? / ɈɥɶɝɚɄɚɦɚɥɭɞɢɧɨɜɧɚ ɂɪɢɫɯɚɧɨɜɚ. – ɓɟɰɢɧ : ɂɡɞ-ɜɨɍɧ-ɬɚɫɥɚɜ. ɮɢɥɨɥɨɝɢɢ “JĊzyk. Czáowiek. Dyskurs”. – ɓɟɰɢɧ, 2013.

6. Ɂɚɝɧɿɬɤɨ Ⱥ. ɉ. Ɏɿɥɨɫɨɮɫɶɤɿ ɨɫɧɨɜɢ ɫɭɱɚɫɧɨɝɨ ɥɿɧɝɜɿɫɬɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɿɡɭ [ȿɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɢɣ ɪɟɫɭɪɫ] / Ⱥ. ɉ. Ɂɚɝɧɿɬɤɨ. – Ɋɟɠɢɦɞɨɫɬɭɩɭ : http://litmisto.org.ua/?p=679

7. Ʉɭɛɪɹɤɨɜɚ ȿ. ɋ. əɡɵɤ ɢ ɡɧɚɧɢɟ: ɇɚɩɭɬɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹɡɧɚɧɢɣɨɹɡɵɤɟ: ɑɚɫɬɢɪɟɱɢɫɤɨɝɧɢɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ. Ɋɨɥɶɹɡɵɤɚɜɩɨɡɧɚɧɢɢɦɢɪɚ / ȿɥɟɧɚɋɚɦɭɢɥɨɜɧɚɄɭɛɪɹɤɨɜɚ. – Ɇ. : “ȿɞɢɬɨɪɢɚɥɍɊɋɋ”, 2004. – 560 ɫ.

8. Ʉɭɪɝɭɬ Ʌ. ɉ. Ɏɭɧɤɰɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɨ-ɝɪɚɦɚɬɢɱɧɚ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɿɹ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɢ ɬɚ ɧɚɫɥɿɞɤɭ / Ʌ. ɉ. Ʉɭɪɝɭɬ // Ɇɨɜɧɿ ɿ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɭɚɥɶɧɿɤɚɪɬɢɧɢɫɜɿɬɭ / ɜɿɞɩ. ɡɚɜɢɩ. ɞ. ɮ. ɧ., ɩɪɨɮ. Ⱥ. Ⱦ. Ȼɽɥɨɜɚ. – Ʉ. : ɇɚɰɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɢɣɭɧɿɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ ɿɦɟɧɿɌɚɪɚɫɚɒɟɜɱɟɧɤɚ. – 2002. – ʋ 7. – ɋ. 285–290.

9. Ʌɟɦɿɲ ɇ. ȯ. ȼɟɪɬɟɪɚɥɶɧɿ ɬɢɩɢ ɤɚɭɡɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ ɭ ɫɩɨɪɿɞɧɟɧɢɯ ɦɨɜɚɯ : ɦɨɧɨɝɪɚɮɿɹ / ɇɚɬɚɥɿɹ ȯɜɝɟɧɿɜɧɚ Ʌɟɦɿɲ. – ɀɢɬɨɦɢɪ : ȼɢɞ-ɜɨɀȾɍɿɦɟɧɿȱ. Ɏɪɚɧɤɚ, 2015. – 508 ɫ.

10. Ʌɟɦɿɲɇ. ȯ. Ʉɚɬɟɝɨɪɿɹɤɚɭɡɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ ɬɚɫɩɟɰɢɮɿɱɧɿɫɬɶʀʀɥɿɧɝɜɿɫɬɢɱɧɨʀɪɟɚɥɿɡɚɰɿʀ / ɇ. ȯ. Ʌɟɦɿɲ // Studia Linguistica : [ɡɛ. ɧɚɭɤ. ɩɪ.]. – Ʉ. : ȼɢɞ. ɞɿɦȾɦɢɬɪɚȻɭɪɚɝɨ, 2013. – ȼɢɩ. 7. – ɋ. 87–93.

11. ɆɚɰɶɤɨɅ. ȱ. ɋɬɢɥɿɫɬɢɤɚɿɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɚɭɤɪɚʀɧɫɶɤɨʀɦɨɜɢ / Ʌ. ȱ. Ɇɚɰɶɤɨ, Ɉ. Ɇ. ɋɢɞɨɪɟɧɤɨ, Ɉ. Ɇ. Ɇɚɰɶɤɨ. – Ʉ. : ȼɢɞ-ɜɨ “ȼɢɳɚɲɤɨɥɚ”, 2003 – C. 296.

12. Ʌɟɜɱɟɧɤɨ Ɉ. Ƚɟɧɞɟɪɧɿ ɨɫɨɛɥɢɜɨɫɬɿ ɭɤɪɚʀɧɫɶɤɨʀ ɯɭɞɨɠɧɶɨʀ ɩɪɨɡɢ (ɡɚ ɞɚɧɢɦɢ ɚɧɚɥɿɡɭ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɧɨɫɬɿ ɤɨɥɨɤɚɰɿɣ ɭ ɬɟɤɫɬɚɯ 60-80-ɯɬɚ 2000-ɯ ɪɨɤɿɜ) [ȿɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɢɣ ɪɟɫɭɪɫ] / Ɉ. Ʌɟɜɱɟɧɤɨ, ə. Ȼɭɬɟɥɶɫɶɤɢɣ. – Ɋɟɠɢɦɞɨɫɬɭɩɭ : http://levchenko.eu/images.pdf

13. Bahns J. Lexical collocations: a contrastive view [Electronic Resource] / J. Bahns // ELT Journal 47 (1). – 1993. – P. 56-63. – Mode of Access : https://academic.oup.com/eltj/article-abstract/47/ 1/56/618464/Lexical-collocations-a-contrastive-view

14. Bartsch S. Structural and Functional Properties of Collocations in English: A Corpus Study of Lexical and Pragmatic Constraints on Lexical Co-occurrence [Electronic Resource] / Sabine Bartsch. – Gunter Narr Verlag, 2004. – Mode of Access : https://benjamins.com/#catalog/journals/ijcl.10.2.08nes/details

Ʌ ɟ ɤ ɫ ɢ ɤ ɨ ɝ ɪ ɚ ɮ ɿ ɱ ɧ ɿ ɞ ɠ ɟ ɪ ɟ ɥ ɚ:

15. ȺɯɦɚɧɨɜɚɈ. ɋ. ɋɥɨɜɚɪɶ ɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɬɟɪɦɢɧɨɜ / Ɉ. ɋ. Ⱥɯɦɚɧɨɜɚ. – [2-ɟɢɡɞ., ɫɬɟɪ.]. – Ɇ., ɍɊɋɋ, 2004. – 571 ɫ.

16. ȻɟɧɫɨɧɆ. Ʉɨɦɛɢɧɚɬɨɪɧɵɣɫɥɨɜɚɪɶɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚ / Ɇ. Ȼɟɧɫɨɧ, ɗ. Ȼɟɧɫɨɧ, Ɋ. ɂɥɫɨɧ. – Ɇ. : Ɋɭɫ. ɹɡ., 1990. – 286 ɫ.

17. ȼɟɥɢɤɢɣɬɥɭɦɚɱɧɢɣ ɫɥɨɜɧɢɤɫɭɱɚɫɧɨʀɭɤɪɚʀɧɫɶɤɨʀɦɨɜɢ / [ɭɤɥɚɞ. ɿɝɨɥ. ɪɟɞ. ȼ. Ɍ. Ȼɭɫɟɥ]. – Ʉ. : ȱɪɩɿɧɶ : ɉɟɪɭɧ, 2001. – 1440 ɫ.

18. ȿɬɢɦɨɥɨɝɿɱɧɢɣɫɥɨɜɧɢɤ ɭɤɪɚʀɧɫɶɤɨʀ ɦɨɜɢ : ɭ 7 ɬ. / [ɝɨɥ. ɪɟɞ. Ɉ. ɋ. Ɇɟɥɶɧɢɱɭɤɬɚ ɿɧ.]. – Ʉ. : ɇɚɭɤɨɜɚ ɞɭɦɤɚ, 1982. – Ɍ. 2 : Ⱦ–Ʉɨɩɰɿ. – 573 ɫ.

19. ɋɥɨɜɧɢɤ ɭɤɪɚʀɧɫɶɤɨʀɦɨɜɢ : ɜ 11 ɬ. / [ɪɟɞ. ɤɨɥ. : ȱ. Ʉ. Ȼɿɥɨɞɿɞ (ɝɨɥ. ɪɟɞ.) ɬɚ ɿɧ.]. – Ʉ. : ɇɚɭɤɨɜɚɞɭɦɤɚ, 1970. – Ɍ. 2 : Ƚ–ɀ. – 550 ɫ.

20. ɍɤɪɚʀɧɫɶɤɢɣɬɥɭɦɚɱɧɢɣɫɥɨɜɧɢɤ [ȿɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɢɣɪɟɫɭɪɫ]. – Ɋɟɠɢɦɞɨɫɬɭɩɭ : http://eslovnyk.com/ 21. Macmillan Dictionary [Electronic Resource]. – Mode of Access : https://www.macmillandictionary.com/ 22. Online Etymology Dictionary [Electronic Resource]. – Mode of Access : http://www.etymonline.com

23. OXFORD Collocation Dictionary [Electronic Resource]. – Mode of Access : http://oxforddictionary.so8848.com/search1?word=effect

24. The BBI Combinatory Dictionary of English [Electronic Resource]. – Mode of Access : https://benjamins.com/#catalog/books/z.bbi/main

R e f e r e n c e s :

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2. Borisova Ye. G. Frazeologicheskoye znacheniye v ustoychivykh slovosochetaniyakh [Phraseological significance in set word combinations] / Ye. G. Borisova, O. V. Zakharova // Filologicheskiye nauki. – 1994. – ʋ 4. – C. 77–84.

3. Byalek E. Kollokatsiya kak yedinitsa perevoda [Collocation as a unit of translation] / E. Byalek // Cuadernos de Rusística Española. – 2004. – ʋ 1. – C. 223–231.

4. Vinokur N. A. Vnutrishnya forma i motyvovanistމ terminiv [Inner Form and Motivation of Terms] / N. A. Vinokur // Istoriya, stan i perspektyvy rozbudovy ukrayinsމkoyi terminolohiyi. – K. : Nauka, 1992. – C. 57–65.

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ȼɚɣɧɨɪɟɧɟ ɂ. ɉ. Ʉɨɥɥɨɤɚɰɢɢ ɫ ɤɚɭɡɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɨɦɢɧɚɧɬɨɣ “ɷɮɮɟɤɬ” ɜ ɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɨɦ ɢ

ɭɤɪɚɢɧɫɤɨɦɹɡɵɤɚɯ.

ȼɫɬɚɬɶɟɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɫɪɚɜɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣɚɧɚɥɢɡɤɨɥɥɨɤɚɰɢɣɫɤɚɭɡɚɥɶɧɨɣɞɨɦɢɧɚɧɬɨɣ “ɷɮɮɟɤɬ” ɜ

ɞɜɭɯ ɧɟɛɥɢɡɤɨɪɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɹɡɵɤɚɯ. ɍɬɨɱɧɟɧɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɹ “ɤɨɥɥɨɤɚɰɢɹ”, ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɵ ɬɢɩɵ

ɤɨɥɥɨɤɚɰɢɣ ɫ ɥɟɤɫɟɦɨɣ effect ɜ ɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɨɦ ɢ ɥɟɤɫɟɦɨɣ ɟɮɟɤɬ ɜ ɭɤɪɚɢɧɫɤɨɦ ɹɡɵɤɚɯ. ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ

ɞɢɫɬɪɢɛɭɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɤɨɥɥɨɤɚɰɢɣ ɫ ɤɚɭɡɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɨɦɢɧɚɧɬɨɣ “effect” ɜ ɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɨɦ ɹɡɵɤɟ

ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ ɫɟɦɶ (7) ɬɢɩɨɜ ɤɨɥɥɨɤɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɣ, ɚ ɫ ɤɚɭɡɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɨɦɢɧɚɧɬɨɣ “ɟɮɟɤɬ” ɜ

ɭɤɪɚɢɧɫɤɨɦɹɡɵɤɟ – ɞɟɜɹɬɶ (9) ɬɢɩɨɜ. ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟɞɚɧɧɵɟɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɸɬɨɧɚɥɢɱɢɢɨɛɳɢɯɢɪɚɡɧɵɯ

ɬɢɩɨɜ ɤɨɥɥɨɤɚɰɢɣ ɜ ɹɡɵɤɚɯ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ, ɡɧɚɧɢɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɩɨɦɨɠɟɬ ɢɡɛɟɠɚɬɶ ɨɲɢɛɨɤ ɩɪɢ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɟ ɜ

ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹɢɧɨɹɡɵɱɧɨɣɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɨɣɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɰɢɢ.

Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɵɟɫɥɨɜɚ: ɤɨɥɥɨɤɚɰɢɹ, ɤɚɭɡɚɥɶɧɚɹɞɨɦɢɧɚɧɬɚ, ɬɢɩɵɤɨɥɥɨɤɚɰɢɣɫɥɟɤɫɟɦɨɣɷɮɮɟɤɬ,

ɢɧɨɹɡɵɱɧɚɹɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɚɹɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɰɢɹ.

Vainorene I. P. Collocations with Causal Dominant “Effect” in English and Ukrainian.

The paper deals with the contrastive analysis of collocations with the causal dominant “effect” in two far-related languages. The objective was achieved through specifying of the definition of “a collocation”, and both detecting and identifying the types of collocations with the lexeme “effect” in English and the lexeme “ɟɮɟɤɬ” in Ukrainian. Because of distributional analysis of collocations with the causal dominant “effect” in English there have been defined seven (7) types of collocations while with the causal dominant “ɟɮɟɤɬ” in Ukrainian – nine (9) types of collocations. The obtained data show that the languages under contrasting have common and specific types of collocations, the awareness of which can help to avoid mistakes in the process of foreign language communicative competence formation as well as in the process of translation.

Keywords: a collocation, a causal dominant, types of collocations with lexeme effect, a foreign language communicative competence.

ɍȾɄ 811.111

Ⱦɢɲɥɟɜɚɋ. Ɇ.

ɇɚɰɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɢɣɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɿɱɧɢɣɭɧɿɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ ɿɦɟɧɿɆ. ɉ. Ⱦɪɚɝɨɦɚɧɨɜɚ;

ȾɢɲɥɟɜɚȽ. ȼ.

ɇɚɰɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɢɣɚɜɿɚɰɿɣɧɢɣɭɧɿɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ

ɋ

ɋȼȼɈɈȯȯɊɊȱȱȾȾɇɇȱȱɋɋɌɌɖɖ ɊɊȿȿȺȺɅɅȱȱɁɁȺȺɐɐȱȱȲȲ ɋɋɂɂɇɇɌɌȺȺɄɄɋɋɂɂɑɑɇɇɂɂɏɏ ɄɄɈɈɇɇɋɋɌɌɊɊɍɍɄɄɐɐȱȱɃɃ Ɂ

Ɂ ȾȾȱȱȯȯɋɋɅɅɈɈȼȼȺȺɆɆɂɂ ȻȻȺȺɀɀȺȺɇɇɇɇəə ȼȼ ȺȺɇɇȽȽɅɅȱȱɃɃɋɋɖɖɄɄȱȱɃɃ ɆɆɈɈȼȼȱȱ

ɋɬɚɬɬɸ ɩɪɢɫɜɹɱɟɧɨ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɟɧɧɸ ɪɟɱɟɧɶ ɡ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚɦɢ ɛɚɠɚɧɧɹ ɜ ɽɞɧɨɫɬɿ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ,

ɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɿ ɤɨɦɭɧɿɤɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɿɜ. ȼɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ ɫɦɢɫɥɨɜɿ ɮɭɧɤɰɿʀ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɿɜ ɮɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨʀ

ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɢ ɪɟɱɟɧɶ ɡ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚɦɢ ɛɚɠɚɧɧɹ, ɜɢɹɜɥɟɧɨ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɢ ɪɟɚɥɿɡɚɰɿʀ ɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɤɢ ɪɟɱɟɧɧɹ ɧɚ

ɫɢɧɬɚɤɫɢɱɧɨɦɭ ɪɿɜɧɿ, ɩɪɨɚɧɚɥɿɡɨɜɚɧɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɦɨɞɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ ɪɟɱɟɧɶ ɡ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚɦɢ ɛɚɠɚɧɧɹ ɬɚ

ɜɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɨɬɟɤɫɬɨɬɜɿɪɧɿɜɥɚɫɬɢɜɨɫɬɿɰɢɯɪɟɱɟɧɶ.

Ʉɥɸɱɨɜɿɫɥɨɜɚ: ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ ɛɚɠɚɧɧɹ, ɥɟɤɫɢɱɧɿ, ɦɨɪɮɨɥɨɝɿɱɧɿ, ɫɢɧɬɚɤɫɢɱɧɿ ɡɚɫɨɛɢ ɜɢɪɚɠɟɧɧɹ,

ɦɨɞɚɥɶɧɨ-ɩɪɚɝɦɚɬɢɱɧɢɣɚɫɩɟɤɬ, ɦɟɬɚɤɨɦɭɧɿɤɚɬɢɜɧɿɮɭɧɤɰɿʀɪɟɱɟɧɶ.