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ВСЕРОССИЙСКАЯ о л и м п и а д а ш к о л ь н и к о в ПО АНГЛИЙСКОМУ ЯЗЫКУ уч. г. Ш КОЛЬНЫЙ ЭТАП КЛАССЫ

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____________ __________________________________ — :jji(^CbJJL ВС ЕРО С С И Й С К А Я о л и м п и а д а ш к о л ь н и к о в ПО А Н ГЛ И Й С К О М У Я ЗЫ К У 2020-2021 уч. г. Ш КО Л ЬН Ы Й ЭТАП. 9-11 К Л АССЫ

LISTENING Time: 10 minutes (10 scores)

For items 1— 10 listen to a dialogue and decide whether the statem ents 1— 10 are TRUE according to the text y o u hear (A), or FALSE (B), or the information on the statem ent is N O T STATED in the text (C). You w ill hear the text twice.

1* M ike has returned from a gam e o f golf. 2. M ike is going to Shaldon.

ф !3 3. The clock is slow. + С 4. The clock is very old.

h 5. M ike likes the smell o f egg and ham pie.

.-4 & 6. It will take m ore than thirty minutes to have the egg and ham pie ready. -i Ъ 7. M ike asks for a m ushroom omelette.

^

8

.

The mother offers some pork pie.

~\C 9. M ike didn’t like the taste o f cheese and tomatoes.

10

.

M ike's last phrase is a joke.____________________________________________________________ Transfer yo u r answers to the answer sheet!

READING Time: 40 minutes (15 scores)

R ead the passage below and answer questions 1-15.

W ERE DINOSAURS A FAILURE?

There is a strong tendency among many people to think o f the dinosaur as a failure. It’s true, o f course, that the species did die out. And, in relation to the long existence o f the earth, the disappearance o f the dinosaur was a rather sudden one. N o one is quite sure why they disappeared; and since they haven’t been around for some 75 m illion years, it’s a little difficult to come up with an explanation that is any more than partially acceptable. One o f the most commonly-held theories is that the dinosaur couldn’t adapt. The question very few seem to ask, however, is, “C ouldn’t adapt to w hat?”

The dinosaur was the dominant earth species for over one hundred m illion years. Surely within any period o f such great length there had to be considerable adaptation. One o f the yardsticks we can use as a basis for judgm ent is to examine the num ber o f dinosaur extremes. How many orders and sub-orders were there within the dinosaur species? W ithout going into statistics, I can assure you that there Were plenty. They ran from the chicken-sized Compsognathus on up to the more familiar - and much bigger - Brontosaurus.

Now let’s apply this same yardstick to man. In the one million years or so that w e ’ve been around, only four racial extremes have finally evolved; and I think y o u ’ll agree that they can hardly be considered 'extremes'. W hen it comes to pure biological differences, the distinctions among the Australoid, M ongoloid, Caucasoid and N egroid races are rather superficial. On the basis o f the num ber o f extremes, it appears that man, not the dinosaur, has shown the least variety in adapting.

As a matter o f fact, m an is not nearly the perfect creature he likes to imagine he is. Evolution, in fact, has played a couple o f nasty tricks on us. To begin with, it has left us with an

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appendix that in other animals serves a definite digestive purpose but which, in man, seems to do nothing other than catch a stray orange pit or something, becom e inflamed, and need surgical removal.

Our sinuses serve the im portant function o f elim inating unnecessary bone structure and thereby making one’s head light enough so that it can be easily supported by the rest o f the body. In man, how ever, the sinuses frequently becom e infected due to im proper drainage, thus causing annoying m edical problem s. Some specialists point out that if m an did not insist upon walking only on his hind legs instead o f on all four like other anim als, his sinuses would drain properly because that is the w ay they are built to drain.

And finally w e com e to the great affliction o f mankind, the com m on aching back. M an is bom with a straight, unstressed (that is, not under pressure) spine; and if he never learned to w alk upright, his spine w ould rem ain that w ay and he probably w ouldn’t have any backaches. B ut once m an does begin to walk, his spine, in order to perm it the upright position, becom es stressed with an inw ard curve. Sometimes the stresses prove too great, and injuries are the result.

O f course, as a species, m an is still undergoing a variety o f evolutionary changes. W e are becom ing taller, grow ing less hair and fewer teeth, and developing larger skulls, and w e may eventually lose one or m ore toes and an equal num ber o f fingers. In fact, we are becom ing m ore and m ore specialized and, if anything, less able to adapt. I f these trends continue, the people o f the future will be a m ost unattractive group, at least by today’s standards. However, attractiveness isn ’t particularly im portant to racial success or failure. A s unpleasant as the Tyranosaurus m ight have looked to us, or w e to him, he probably looked fine to another Tyranosaurus.

W hat is m ost im portant, though, is this inability o f ours to adapt from within. A w hile ago, a 'scientific theory' w hich w as really a joke, claim ed that m an had com e from some place other than earth and had arrived here fairly w ell along in his developm ent. It was, o f course, nonsense and never m eant to be otherwise, but some o f the 'proofs' w ere rather interesting. To state them briefly: (1) m an can’t breathe under water, so he can’t survive w ithout artificial aid on m ost o f the earth’s surface; (2) extrem e exposure to this atm osphere’s natural radiation (sunlight) will kill him; (3) w ithout protection m an cannot survive the earth’s norm al tem perature changes; and (4) normal earth gravity severely limits his activities. Hence, the 'theory' claimed, m an couldn’t possibly have developed in a place so naturally unsuited to the way he is made. I f you stop to think about it, y o u ’ll see that all o f these environmental lim itations - and m ore - do really exist, and that man cannot survive outside rather narrow environmental limits.

It’s this inability to adapt that m ay provide the causes for our own racial extinction. I f we cannot adapt enough to fit our environm ent, then w e must, as w e are doing, keep changing our environment to m ake it fit us; and it is that changing that is creating serious problems.

For example, it’s all very good to develop a light, portable cave called a tent; but tents have a way o f becom ing less portable and turning into more perm anent structures called houses. And not being content to let w ell enough alone, we m ust then begin to control the climate in these houses. So far so good, but w hen you extend this idea o f changing and controlling nature to include your total environm ent - and we are headed in this direction - how many delicate balances are you disturbing? And, m ore important, w hat will be the long-range effect o f these

Всероссийская олимпиада школьников по английскому языку 2020-2021 уч. г.. Ш кольный этап. 9-11 классы

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disturbances? W e’re all aware, I think, o f the terrible dangers in the polluting o f air and water. But aren’t we also taking a great risk w hen w e set out to destroy a particular species o f annoying insect or to bring in an animal new to the area in order to destroy another species o f animal? Perhaps, thus far, w e ’ve been fortunate and haven’t quite com pleted the destruction o f our own ecology, but each tim e w e upset the balance, no m atter in how small a way, w e increase the risk. A nd sooner or later w e are going to m ake that one all-im portant m istake.

Incidentally, it m ay w ell be that w e ’ve made the m istake already. W e are now discovering that our survival m ay w ell depend upon the solution o f several problem s all related to the same question: Will m an kill him self through overpopulation? W e have m ore people being born, more babies and children staying alive and growing up (because o f better feeding and medical care), more adults living longer than ever before. W e have reduced the death rate trem endously - but not the birth rate.

A t the present rate o f population growth, scientists tell us, the earth (which already has millions o f people living in crowded conditions that m ost A m ericans can’t begin to imagine and which already has m illions o f people starving %o death) will eventually not have enough living space or food for anyone.

To get back to m y original question, “W ere Dinosaurs a Failure?”, considering the fact that they were around for som ething over a hundred m illion years and w e ’ve been here for only slightly more than one m illion, I think that any answer is at least 99 m illion years too early. In the long run, it may be that the dinosaur, com pared with man, was a great, glow ing success. Task 1. Questions 1-7

Do the follo w in g statem ents agree with the information given in the text?

In boxes 1-7 on yo u r answer sheet, circle: A (TRUE) i f the statem ent agrees with the information given in the text; В (FALSE) i f the statem ent contradicts the information given in the text.

1. D inosaurs’ dying out is frequently put down to their inability to get adjusted to the new conditions on the earth.

Л

4-2. The presence o f a w ide range o f various dinosaur types proves that this species w ent through a considerable adjustm ent period. Щ

3. On the basis o f the num ber o f extremes, it appears that the dinosaur has shown the least variety in adapting in com parison w ith man. Д ^ "

4. A n appendix in m an serves a definite digestive purpose. JL

5. As a species, m an is becom ing m ore and more attractive as a result o f num erous evolutionary changes. &

<r-6. Since people are unable to get adjusted to their natural habitat, they are desperately trying to m ake it fit them, w hich invariably leads to grave consequences. J h

7. O f all the delicate balances m an is disturbing, the air pollution seems the m ost long-lasting and thus the m ost dangerous т

Task 2. Questions 8-15

Choose option А, В, С which best fits according to the text. Circle the correct letter in boxes 8- 15 on your answer sheet.

8.

There ... about the reason for the disappearance o f the dinosaur.

Всероссийская олимпиада школьников по английскому языку 2020-2021 уч. г.. Ш кольный этап. 9-11 классы

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Всероссийская олимпиада школьников по английскому языку 2020-2021 уч. г.. Школьный этап. 9-11 классы

Л ) are m any theories B. is general agreem ent C. is no inform ation

9. Dinosaurs lived on the earth ... m an has existed so far. A. about h a lf the length o f tim e that

\ @ about 100 tim es longer than

С» for an unknow n b ut longer period than

10. Every tim e w e change the balance o f nature, w e increase ... . A. the population

B. a particular species ^ ) t h e risk to ourselves

11. According to experts, unless the earth’s birth rate is reduced considerably there w ill not be . .

A. enough food ^

B. enough living space

enough living space or food

12. There were ... extrem es in the types and sizes o f dinosaurs. A a great many

B. very few C. only four

13. In com parison w ith the racial extrem es o f the dinosaurs, the differences am ong the races o f m a n k in d . .

A. are very great

,A; (]§?) amount to practically nothing C. don’t exist at all

14. M any o f m ankind’s aches and pains are thought to be caused by ... . A. our m ental attitudes

our upright position our lack o f sleep

15. The m ore civilized people becom e, the ... they adapt to their environment. B. more

C. m ore intelligently

Transfer your answers to the answer sheet! USE OF EN GLISH

Time: 30 minutes (20 scores) Task 1. Questions 1-10

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fo rm a w ord that fits in the space in the same line. There is an example at the beginning (0). Всероссийская олимпиада школьников по английскому языку 2020-2021 уч, г.. Ш кольный этап. 9-11 классы Example: 0 decision HOM E GYM

W hen you have m ade the (0).. to begin exercising, l r DECIDE you need m ore than ju st enthusiasm - you need to use (1). ^ EQUIP which is high quality, safe and (2). .The Classic Hom e ^ RELY Cycle is a basic m odel w ith a (3). distance m eter and timer. M ECHANIC il) It has a strong construction and enclosed flywheel for (4 )... ^ SAFE and both the seat and handlebars are (5 )... to different , - , , "

v ' fitjj ADJUST

(6 )... so the user can pedal in the m ost com fortable position.^ HIGH W ith a rowing m achine you can (7) ... the arms and legs as ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ STRONG w ell as exercise the back. Brisk row ing is ju st as (8 )... for £ ^ EFFECT burning calories as running at 11 km an hour. The (9). o f Ш REASON priced Classic R ow er has a seat w hich moves smoothly (1 0 )... the"

whole rowing program m e, and is suitable for all hom e exercisers. Ц ^гда

THROUGH П,о<Л

Task 2. Questions 11-20

For items 11-20, com plete the second sentence so that it has a sim ilar m eaning to the fir s t sentence, using the w ord given. D o not change the w ord given. Use fro m three

to fiv e words. There is an example at the beginning (0). Example: 0. The pool isn ’t deep enough to swim in. too

The p o o l... ...swim in. is too shallow to

11. It w on’t help if you w orry about it. point

There is about it.

12. I ju st can’t decide w here to go on holiday, mind

I ju st can’t where to go on holiday.

13. M ake sure you kill all the germs by boiling the water, so

The w ater m u s t...*?.?.:...LA.i ....to kill all the germs. 14. I can’t believe you stayed so calm,

tem per ^

I ’d A ^ £ . /?$£... fr I ’d been in your shoes. 15. I hope you haven’t got flu coming on. down i , 1 U/i' >fi

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16. H e ’s really keen to start his new job. forward

H e’s really. l°J.£(!*$... CW&fd. £.?. .$P. . ;*#his new job. 17. Could you m ove up so that w e can sit down too? room

Could sit down too?

18. There will have to be a change in his attitude or he w o n ’t continue to work here, order

There w ill have to be a change in his attitude ...k.'.in...to w ork here. 19. Although it w as snow ing heavily, they decided to go for a ride.

sPite uw

-They decided to go for a rid e Л .Ч Л У .? ...the snow.

20. I didn’t realize your office was so far from the bus stop, such

I didn’t realize your office ..кНМЪ... ... way from the bus stop.

Всероссийская олимпиада школьников по английскому языку 2020-2021 уч. г.. Ш кольный этап. 9-11 классы

Transfer your answers to the answer sh eet! W RITING

Time: 40 minutes (15 scores)

Write a short review o fy o u r fa vo u rite p la y by William Shakespeare fo r yo u r school magazine.

Write the title o f the p la y at the beginning on a separate line (words are not counted in this linej.

Rem em ber to m ention in your review: • why you like the play;

• w hich character in the play you w ould m ost like to m eet and why; • why you should stage the play at your school theatre.

W rite 100 -140 words.

jp b • Transfer your review to the answer sheet!

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ВС ЕРО С С И Й С К А Я О ЛИ М П И АДА Ш КО Л ЬН ИКО В П О А Н ГЛ И Й С К О М У ЯЗЫ КУ 2020-2021 уч. г.

Ш КО Л ЬН Ы Й ЭТАП. 9-11 КЛАССЫ

LISTENING Time: 10 minutes (10 scores)

For items 1

10 listen to a dialogue and decide whether the statements 1

10 are TRUE according to the text yo u hear (A), or FALSE (B), or the information on the statem ent is N O T STATED in the text (C). You will hear the text twice.

5 1. M ike has returned from a game o f golf. ft 2. M ike is going to Shaldon.

ft 3. The clock is slow. С4. The clock is very old.

J 5. M ike likes the smell o f egg and ham pie.

J 6. It will take more than thirty m inutes to have the egg and ham pie ready. 0> 7. M ike asks for a m ushroom omelette.

4

8

.

The mother offers some pork pie. I

d 9. M ike didn’t like the taste o f cheese and tomatoes.

; 10. M ike's last phrase is a joke._____________________ ______________________________________

Transfer your answers to the answer sheet!

__

READING Time: 40 minutes (15 scores)

R ead the passage below and answer questions 1-15.

W ERE DINOSAURS A FAILURE?

There is a strong tendency among many people to think o f the dinosaur as a failure. It’s true, o f course, that the species did die out. And, in relation to the long existence o f the earth, the disappearance o f the dinosaur w as a rather sudden one. N o one is quite sure why they disappeared; and since they haven’t been around for some 75 m illion years, it’s a little difficult to come up with an explanation that is any more than partially acceptable. One o f the most commonly-held theories is that the dinosaur couldn’t adapt. The question very few seem to ask, however, is, "‘C ouldn’t adapt to w hat?”

The dinosaur was the dom inant earth species for over one hundred m illion years. Surely within any period o f such great length there had to be considerable adaptation. One o f the yardsticks we can use as a basis for judgment is to examine the num ber o f dinosaur extremes. How many orders and sub-orders were there within the dinosaur species? W ithout going into statistics, I can assure you that there were plenty. They ran from the chicken-sized Compsognathus on up to the more familiar - and much bigger - Brontosaurus.

Now let’s apply this same yardstick to man. In the one million years or so that w e’ve been around, only four racial extrem es have finally evolved; and I think y o u ’ll agree that they can hardly be considered 'extremes'. W hen it comes to pure biological differences, the distinctions among the Australoid, M ongoloid, Caucasoid and N egroid races are rather superficial. On the basis o f the num ber o f extremes, it appears that man, not the dinosaur, has shown the least variety in adapting.

As a m atter o f fact, m an is not nearly the perfect creature he likes to imagine he is. Evolution, in fact, has played a couple o f nasty tricks on us. To begin with, it has left us with an

(8)

appendix that in other animals serves a definite digestive purpose but which, in man, seems to do nothing other than catch a stray orange pit or something, becom e inflamed, and need surgical removal.

Our sinuses serve the important function o f eliminating unnecessary bone structure and thereby making one’s head light enough so that it can be easily supported by the rest o f the body. In man, however, the sinuses frequently become infected due to im proper drainage, thus causing annoying m edical problems. Some specialists point out that if man did not insist upon walking only on his hind legs instead o f on all four like other animals, his sinuses would drain properly because that is the way they are built to drain.

And finally we com e to the great affliction o f mankind, the com m on aching back. M an is bom with a straight, unstressed (that is, not under pressure) spine; and if he never learned to w alk upright, his spine would rem ain that way and he probably w ouldn’t have any backaches. B ut once man does begin to walk, his spine, in order to perm it the upright position, becomes stressed with an inward curve. Sometimes the stresses prove too great, and injuries are the result.

O f course, as a species, m an is still undergoing a variety o f evolutionary changes. We are becoming taller, grow ing less hair and fewer teeth, and developing larger skulls, and we may eventually lose one or m ore toes and an equal num ber o f fingers. In fact, we are becoming more and more specialized and, if anything, less able to adapt. I f these trends continue, the people o f the future will be a m ost unattractive group, at least by today’s standards. However, attractiveness isn’t particularly im portant to racial success or failure. As unpleasant as the Tyranosaurus m ight have looked to us, or we to him, he probably looked fine to another Tyranosaurus.

W hat is m ost important, though, is this inability o f ours to adapt from within. A while ago, a 'scientific theory' w hich was really a joke, claimed that man had come from some place other than earth and had arrived here fairly well along in his development. It was, o f course, nonsense and never m eant to be otherwise, but some o f the 'proofs' were rather interesting. To state them briefly: (1) m an can’t breathe under water, so he can’t survive w ithout artificial aid on m ost o f the earth’s surface; (2) extreme exposure to this atm osphere’s natural radiation (sunlight) will kill him; (3) without protection m an cannot survive the earth’s normal tem perature changes; and (4) normal earth gravity severely limits his activities. Hence, the 'theory' claimed, man couldn’t possibly have developed in a place so naturally unsuited to the way he is made. If you stop to think about it, y o u ’ll see that all o f these environmental limitations - and m ore - do really exist, and that man cannot survive outside rather narrow environmental limits.

It’s this inability to adapt that may provide the causes for our own racial extinction. I f we cannot adapt enough to fit our environment, then we must, as we are doing, keep changing our environment to make it fit us; and it is that changing that is creating serious problems.

For example, it’s all very good to develop a light, portable cave called a tent; but tents have a w ay o f becom ing less portable and turning into more perm anent structures called houses. And not being content to let well enough alone, we m ust then begin to control the climate in these houses. So far so good, but w hen you extend this idea o f changing and controlling nature to include your total environm ent - and we are headed in this direction - how many delicate balances are you disturbing? And, more important, w hat will be the long-range effect o f these

Всероссийская олимпиада школьников по аш лиичшму лзш м .. . ..-Ш кольный этап. 9-11 классы

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Всероссийская олимпиада школьников по английскому языку 2020-2021 уч. г Школьный этап. 9-11 классы

disturbances? W e’re all aware, I think, o f the terrible dangers in the polluting o f air and water. But aren’t we also taking a great risk when we set out to destroy a particular species o f annoying insect or to bring in an animal new to the area in order to destroy another species o f animal? Perhaps, thus far, w e’ve been fortunate and haven’t quite com pleted the destruction o f our own ecology, but each tim e w e upset the balance, no matter in how small a way, we increase the risk. And sooner or later w e are going to make that one all-im portant mistake.

Incidentally, it m ay w ell be that w e ’ve made the m istake already. W e are now discovering that our survival may well depend upon the solution o f several problem s all related to the same question: Will man kill him self through overpopulation? We have more people being born, more babies and children staying alive and growing up (because o f better feeding and medical care), m ore adults living longer than ever before. We have reduced the death rate tremendously - but not the birth rate.

At the present rate o f population growth, scientists tell us, the earth (which already has millions o f people living in crowded conditions that most Am ericans can’t begin to imagine and which already has millions o f people starving to death) will eventually not have enough living space or food for anyone.

To get back to my original question, “W ere Dinosaurs a Failure?”, considering the fact that they were around for som ething over a hundred million years and w e’ve been here for only slightly m ore than one m illion, I think that any answer is at least 99 million years too early. In the long run, it may be that the dinosaur, com pared with man, was a great, glowing success.

Task 1. Questions 1-7

Do the fo llow ing statem ents agree with the information given in the text?

In boxes 1-7 on your answer sheet, circle: A (TRUE) i f the statem ent agrees with the information given in the text; В (FALSE) i f the statem ent contradicts the information given in the text.

1. D inosaurs’ dying out is frequently put down to their inability to get adjusted to the new conditions on the earth.

j 4 2. The presence o f a w ide range o f various dinosaur types proves that this species went through a considerable adjustm ent period.

j A 3. On the basis o f the num ber o f extremes, it appears that the dinosaur has shown the least variety in adapting in com parison with man.

4. A n appendix in m an serves a definite digestive purpose.

5. As a species, m an is becom ing more and more attractive as a result o f num erous evolutionary changes.

6. Since people are unable to get adjusted to their natural habitat, they are desperately trying to make it fit them, which invariably leads to grave consequences.

y- J . O f all the delicate balances man is disturbing, the air pollution seems the most long-lasting and thus the most dangerous.

Task 2. Questions 8-15

Choose option А, В, С which best fits according to the text. Circle the correct letter in boxes 8- 15 on your answer sheet.

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Всероссийская олимпиада школьников по английскому языку 2020-2021 уч. г.. Ш кольный этап. 9-11 классы

are many theories B. is general agreem ent C. is no information

9. Dinosaurs lived on the earth ... m an has existed so far. A. about h a lf the length o f tim e that

B. about 100 tim es longer than

C. for an unknown but longer period than

10. Every tim e we change the balance o f nature, we increase .... A. the population

B. a particular species (C,! the risk to ourselves

11. According to experts, unless the earth’s birth rate is reduced considerably there will not

B. very few C. only four

13. In comparison w ith the racial extremes o f the dinosaurs, the differences among the races o f mankind . .

A. are very great

В amount to practically nothing C. don’t exist at all

14. M any o f m ankind’s aches and pains are thought to be caused by ... . A. our mental attitudes

«• our upright position C. our lack o f sleep

15. The more civilized people become, the ... they adapt to their environment. be . .

A. enough food

B. enough living space

living space or food

12. There were ... extrem es in the types and sizes o f dinosaurs. (A^ a great many

B. more

C. more intelligently

Transfer your answers to the answer sheet! USE OF ENGLISH

Time: 30 minutes (20 scores) Task 1. Questions 1-10

For items 1-10, read the text below. Use the w ord given in capitals at the end o f each line to

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/

fo rm a w ord that fits in the space in the same line. There is an example at the beginning (0).

Всероссийская олимпиада школьников по английскому языку 2020-2021 уч. г.. Ш кольный этап. 9-11 классы

Example:

0 decision

HOM E GYM

W hen you have m ade the (0).. to begin exercising, ^ , DECIDE you need m ore than ju st enthusiasm - you need to use (1). EQUIP !V-i which is high quality, safe and (2). .The Classic Home ^; I RELY Cycle is a basic model w ith a (3). distance m eter and timer. M ECH A N IC*/ It has a strong construction and enclosed flywheel for (4 )... SAFE h j and both the seat and handlebars are (5 )... to different A DJUST « ik (6 )... so the user can pedal in the m ost com fortable position. HIGH ч W ith a row ing m achine you can (7) ... the arms and legs as reh>-&>n STRONG well as exercise the back. Brisk row ing is just as (8) ... for E F F E C T ; ve. burning calories as running at 11 km an hour. The (9). REASON a priced Classic Row er has a seat which moves smoothly (10) ... the

whole row ing program m e, and is suitable for all home exercisers.

TH ROUGHa^t

Task 2. Questions 11-20

For items 11-20, complete the second sentence so that it has a sim ilar meaning to the fir s t sentence, using the w ord given. Do not change the w ord given. Use fro m three

to fiv e words. There is an example at the beginning (0). Example: 0. The pool isn ’t deep enough to swim in. too

The p o o l...swim in. is too shallow to

11. It w on’t help if you worry about it. point

There is about it.

12. I ju st can’t decide w here to go on holiday, mind

I ju st can’t w here to go on holiday.

13. M ake sure you kill all the germs by boiling the water.

so I i

The water m ust . ..k ...k c u k d ...to kill all the germs. 14. I can’t believe you stayed so calm.

te “ P*r r. . * W *

I ’d .h ^ ..i£ S .t....m I ’d been in your shoes. 15. I hope you haven’t got flu coming on.

down _ ,

(12)

/

*

Всероссийская олимпиада школьников по английскому языку 2020-2021 уч. г.. Школьный этап. 9-11 классы

16. H e’s really keen to start his new job. forward

H e’s really... his new job. 17. Could you move up so that w e can sit down too? room

Could you... to sit down too?

18. There will have to be a change in his attitude or he w on’t continue to work here, order

There will have to be a change in his a ttitu d e... to work here. 19. Although it was snowing heavily, they decided to go for a ride,

spite

They decided to go for a rid e ... the snow.

20. I didn’t realize your office was so far from the bus stop, such

I didn’t realize your o ffic e .... ... way from the bus stop. Transfer your answers to the answer sheet!

W RITING Time: 40 minutes

(15 scores)

Write a short review o f your favourite p lay by William Shakespeare fo r your school magazine.

Write the title o f the p la y at the beginning on a separate line (words are not counted in this lin e/

Remember to m ention in your review: • why you like the play;

• which character in the play you would most like to meet and why; • why you should stage the play at your school theatre.

W rite 100 -140 words.

Transfer your review to the answer sheet!

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(13)

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ВС ЕРО С С И Й С К А Я О Л И М П И АДА Ш КО Л ЬН ИКО В ПО А Н ГЛ И Й С К О М У Я ЗЫ К У 2020-2021 уч. г.

Ш КО Л ЬН Ы Й ЭТАП. 9-11 КЛАССЫ

LISTENING Time: 10 minutes (10 scores)

For items 1— 10 listen to a dialogue and decide whether the statem ents 1— 10 are TRUE according to the text y o u hear (A), or FA LSE (B), or the information on the statem ent is N O T STATED in the text (C). You w ill hear the text twice.

Ъ 1. M ike has returned from a gam e o f golf. i 2. M ike is going to Shaldon.

10 3. The clock is slow.

C- 4. The clock is very old.

IV 5, M ike likes the smell o f egg and ham pie.

A-6. It will take m ore than thirty minutes to have the egg and ham pie ready. f>} 7. M ike asks for a m ushroom omelette.

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8

.

The m other offers some pork pie.

С 9. M ike didn’t like the taste o f cheese and tomatoes.

fV io . M ike's last phrase is a joke.____________________________________________________________ Transfer yo u r answers to the answer sheet!

REA D IN G Time: 40 m inutes (15 scores)

R ea d the passage below an d answ er questions 1-15.

W ERE DINOSAURS A FAILURE?

There is a strong tendency am ong many people to think o f the dinosaur as a failure. It’s true, o f course, that the species did die out. And, in relation to the long existence o f the earth, the disappearance o f the dinosaur was a rather sudden one. N o one is quite sure why they disappeared; and since they haven’t been around for some 75 m illion years, it’s a little difficult to come up w ith an explanation that is any more than partially acceptable. One o f the m ost commonly-held theories is that the dinosaur couldn’t adapt. The question very few seem to ask, however, is, “C ouldn’t adapt to w hat?”

The dinosaur w as the dom inant earth species for over one hundred m illion years. Surely w ithin any period o f such great length there had to be considerable adaptation. One o f the yardsticks we can use as a basis for judgm ent is to exam ine the num ber o f dinosaur extremes. H ow many orders and sub-orders were there w ithin the dinosaur species? W ithout going into statistics, I can assure you that there w ere plenty. They ran from the chicken-sized Compsognathus on up to the m ore fam iliar - and much bigger - Brontosaurus.

N ow let’s apply this same yardstick to man. In the one m illion years or so that w e ’ve been around, only four racial extrem es have finally evolved; and I think y o u ’ll agree that they can hardly be considered 'extremes'. W hen it comes to pure biological differences, the distinctions among the Australoid, M ongoloid, Caucasoid and N egroid races are rather superficial. On the basis o f the num ber o f extremes, it appears that man, not the dinosaur, has shown the least variety in adapting.

(14)

appendix that in other animals serves a definite digestive purpose but which, in man, seems to do nothing other than catch a stray orange pit or something, becom e inflamed, and need surgical removal.

Our sinuses serve the im portant function o f elim inating unnecessary bone structure and thereby m aking one’s head light enough so that it can be easily supported by the rest o f the body. In man, how ever, the sinuses frequently becom e infected due to im proper drainage, thus causing annoying m edical problem s. Some specialists point out that if m an did not insist upon w alking only on his hind legs instead o f on all four like other animals, his sinuses w ould drain properly because that is the w ay they are built to drain.

And finally w e com e to the great affliction o f mankind, the com m on aching back. M an is bom with a straight, unstressed (that is, not under pressure) spine; and if he never learned to w alk upright, his spine w ould rem ain that w ay and he probably w o uldn’t have any backaches. But once m an does begin to walk, his spine, in order to perm it the upright position, becom es stressed with an inw ard curve. Sometimes the stresses prove too great, and injuries are the result.

O f course, as a species, m an is still undergoing a variety o f evolutionary changes. W e are becom ing taller, grow ing less hair and fewer teeth, and developing larger skulls, and w e may eventually lose one or m ore toes and an equal num ber o f fingers. In fact, w e are becom ing m ore and more specialized and, if anything, less able to adapt. I f these trends continue, the people o f the future will be a m ost unattractive group, at least by today’s standards. However, attractiveness isn’t particularly im portant to racial success or failure. A s unpleasant as the Tyranosaurus m ight have looked to us, or w e to him, he probably looked fine to another Tyranosaurus.

W hat is m ost im portant, though, is this inability o f ours to adapt from within. A while ago, a 'scientific theory' w hich w as really a joke, claim ed that m an had come from some place other than earth and had arrived here fairly well along in his developm ent. It was, o f course, nonsense and never m eant to be otherwise, but some o f the 'proofs' w ere rather interesting. To state them briefly: (1) m an can’t breathe under water, so he can’t survive w ithout artificial aid on m ost o f the earth’s surface; (2) extrem e exposure to this atm osphere’s natural radiation (sunlight) will kill him; (3) w ithout protection m an cannot survive the earth’s norm al tem perature changes; and (4) normal earth gravity severely limits his activities. Hence, the 'theory' claimed, m an couldn’t possibly have developed in a place so naturally unsuited to the way he is made. I f you stop to think about it, y o u ’ll see that all o f these environmental lim itations - and m ore - do really exist, and that man cannot survive outside rather narrow environmental limits.

It’s this inability to adapt that m ay provide the causes for our own racial extinction. I f w e cannot adapt enough to fit our environm ent, then w e must, as w e are doing, keep changing our environm ent to m ake it fit us; and it is that changing that is creating serious problems.

For example, it’s all very good to develop a light, portable cave called a tent; but tents have a w ay o f becom ing less portable and turning into m ore perm anent structures called houses. And not being content to let well enough alone, w e m ust then begin to control the climate in these houses. So far so good, but w hen you extend this idea o f changing and controlling nature to include your total environm ent - and w e are headed in this direction - how many delicate balances are you disturbing? And, m ore important, w hat will be the long-range effect o f these

Всероссийская олимпиада школьников по английскому языку 2020-2021 уч. г.. Ш кольный этап. 9-11 классы

(15)

disturbances? W e’re all aware, I think, o f the terrible dangers in the polluting o f air and water. But aren’t we also taking a great risk w hen w e set out to destroy a particular species o f annoying insect or to bring in an animal new to the area in order to destroy another species o f animal? Perhaps, thus far, w e’ve been fortunate and haven’t quite com pleted the destruction o f our own ecology, but each tim e w e upset the balance, no m atter in how small a way, w e increase the risk. And sooner or later w e are going to m ake that one all-im portant m istake.

Incidentally, it m ay w ell be that w e ’ve m ade the m istake already. W e are now discovering that our survival may w ell depend upon the solution o f several problem s all related to the same question: Will m an kill him self through overpopulation? W e have m ore people being bom , m ore babies and children staying alive and growing up (because o f better feeding and medical care), m ore adults living longer than ever before. We have reduced the death rate trem endously - but not the birth rate.

A t the present rate o f population growth, scientists tell us, the earth (which already has millions o f people living in crow ded conditions that m ost A m ericans can’t begin to imagine and w hich already has m illions o f people starving,to death) w ill eventually not have enough living space or food for anyone.

To get back to m y original question, “W ere Dinosaurs a Failure?”, considering the fact that they were around for som ething over a hundred m illion years and w e ’ve been here for only slightly more than one m illion, I think that any answer is at least 99 m illion years too early. In the long run, it may be that the dinosaur, com pared w ith man, was a great, glowing success.

Task 1. Questions 1-7

Do the follo w in g statem ents agree with the information given in the text?

In boxes 1-7 on yo u r answer sheet, circle: A (TRUE) i f the statem ent agrees with the information given in the text; В (FALSE) i f the statem ent contradicts the information given in the text.

1. D inosaurs’ dying out is frequently put down to their inability to get adjusted to the new conditions on the earth. Я |_

2. The presence o f a w ide range o f various dinosaur types proves that this species w ent through a considerable adjustm ent period. Ц —

3. On the basis o f the num ber o f extremes, it appears that the dinosaur has shown the least variety in adapting in com parison w ith man. Го b

4. A n appendix in m an serves a definite digestive purpose. !0 —

5. As a species, m an is becom ing m ore and more attractive as a result o f num erous evolutionary changes.

i-6. Since people are unable to get adjusted to their natural habitat, they are desperately trying to m ake it fit them, w hich invariably leads to grave consequences. ^ —'

7. O f all the delicate balances m an is disturbing, the air pollution seems the m ost long-lasting and thus the m ost dangerous. E)

Task 2. Questions 8-15

Choose option А, В, С which best fits according to the text. Circle the correct letter in boxes 8- 15 on your answer sheet.

8

.

There ... about the reason for the disappearance o f the dinosaur.

Всероссийская олимпиада школьников по английскому языку 2020-2021 уч. г.. Школьный этап. 9-11 классы

(16)

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[М are m any theories B. is general agreem ent C. is no inform ation

9. Dinosaurs lived on the earth ... m an has existed so far. A. about h a lf the length o f tim e that

<4 уф about 100 tim es longer than

C. for an unknow n but longer period than

10. Every tim e w e change the balance o f nature, w e increase .... A. the population

B. a particular species

Всероссийская олимпиада школьников по английскому языку 2020-2021 уч. г.. Ш кольный этап. 9-11 классы

< f Ф

11. According to experts, unless the earth’s birth rate is reduced considerably there w ill not be . .

A. enough food

enough living space

Cj enough living space or food

12. There w ere ... extrem es in the types and sizes o f dinosaurs. . J- (a i a great many

B. very few C. only four

13. In com parison w ith the racial extremes o f the dinosaurs, the differences among the races o f m ankind . .

A. are very great

”jb|Sy amount to practically nothing C. don’t exist at all

14. M any o f m ankind’s aches and pains are thought to be caused by ... . —- (Kp our mental attitudes

B. our upright position c . our lack o f sleep

15. The m ore civilized people becom e, the ... they adapt to their environment. Less

B. more

C. more intelligently

___________________Transfer your answers to the answer s h e e t!________________________ USE O F E N G L IS H

Time: 30 minutes (20 scores) Task 1. Questions 1-10

For items 1-10, read the text below. Use the w ord given in capitals at the end o f each line to

4 the risk to ourselves

(17)

fo rm a w ord that fits in the space in the same line. There is an example at the beginning (0). Example:_______ Всероссийская олимпиада школьников по английскому языку 2020-2021 уч. г.. Ш кольный этап. 9-11 классы 0 decision HOM E GYM

W hen you have m ade the (0).. to begin exercising, « DECIDE

you need m ore than just enthusiasm - you need to use (1). Л

fou; prr&ni EQUIP which is high quality, safe and (2). .The Classic Hom e л . у- , ,

4 J w П 11 й blf RELY

Cycle is a basic model w ith a (3). distance m eter and timer. , M ECHANIC It has a strong construction and enclosed flywheel for (4 )... ^ ^ ^ SAFE and both the seat and handlebars are (5 )... to different . , , , ^

(\(\\ ADJUST

(6 )... so the user can pedal in the m ost com fortable p o sitio n ., , , , „

Kit О, Л ь J HIGH W ith a row ing m achine you can (7 )... the arms and legs as , ,

& J w & H r U e t -Ьи STRONG

w ell as exercise the back. Brisk row ing is just?as (8 )... for ^ EFFECT burning calories as running at 11 km an hour. The (9). , ,, REASON

о • ’ Л

priced Classic R ow er has a seat w hich moves smoothly (1 0 )... the whole row ing program m e, and is suitable for all hom e exercisers, j l r0u

THROUGH J % \,

Task 2. Questions 11-20

For items 11-20, com plete the second sentence so that it has a sim ilar m eaning to the fir s t sentence, using the w ord given. D o not change the w ord given. Use fro m three

to fiv e words. There is an example at the beginning (0). Example: 0. The pool isn ’t deep enough to swim in. too

The p o o l.. ,J& r... swim in. is too shallow to

11. It w on’t help if you worry about it. point

There i s ... about it. tio 1 fit 'A/Of4' ^ ^ 12. I just can’t decide w here to go on holiday,

mind

I just can’t ..ftvQM. . . 11Ж. №ih'4 where to go on holiday. 13. Make sure you kill all the germs by boiling the water,

so | .

The water mu s t . ...L. J 1..У...to kill all the germs. 14. I can’t believe you stayed so calm,

temper ; o^r

T d . W . k . k S i . i f F d been in your shoes. 15. I hope you haven’t got flu coming on. down

(18)

Всероссийская олимпиада школьников по английскому языку 2020-2021 уч. г.. Ш кольный этап. 9-11 классы

16. H e’s really keen to start his new job.

forward , H a i t i ;

H e ’s really...10.Й.L i . ...his new job. 17. Could you move up so that we can sit down too? room

Could уои.ГММУ<;...Ш?/?Я....£..Q.C...k i to sit down too?

18. There will have to be a change in his attitude or he w on’t continue to w ork here, order

There will have to be a change in his attitude ...to w ork here. 19. Although it was snow ing heavily, they decided to go for a ride,

spite

They decided to go for a rid e ....1 ) i. ;Q|the snow.

20. I didn’t realize your office was so far from the bus stop,

such ч ,

I didn’t realize your o f f i c e . . . . ...А Н .М ... ...Iff&JL.way from the bus stop. Transfer your answers to the answer sheet!

W RITING Time: 40 minutes

(15 scores)

Write a short review o f yo u r favourite p la y by William Shakespeare fo r you r school magazine.

Write the title o f the p la y at the beginning on a separate line (words are not counted in this lin e/

Remember to m ention in your review: • why you like the play;

• which character in the play you would m ost like to m eet and why; • why you should stage the play at your school theatre.

W rite 100-140 words.

Transfer your review to the answer sheet!

^

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V

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ipecac >

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f

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in

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0

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kis Wo\Ur , KaniMs

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O u j o b o v m r r , e . l i b K o * > H s G e r t r u d e .

References

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