Instruction Cache Checkpoints Using Phase Tracking and Prediction

"!"#%$ &'!)(+*,.-0/1&32 4-02546&)798:*,(;<!)=)(; >@?A2 /1"4CBD#3/1&)7E(;5>F/1 GH?#)46G (;&JI

!)(+*,KLM G 4N#O!)254PG (+#346&'!)(+*,*1Q?R#)*1QS46)"*1#T?U/1$ VWKX5#3/15YN*,Z%K

B254[\46]F*1#)^`_=/1V;VA(;P)!)/1 G (;5>\!)/1V;V+4N#P!)2a/1`4Nb14N#6KB254N#)4(c/1`4Nb14N#d>1#3*e_T(; >(;]fa/1VgI

/1 &'4f:4N!h_A4N46.]i46]F*1#)^jfa/1 G5_T(cG5!)2[/1aGH8 #)*E&'46)"*1#"8:4N46G 6KR$ 4C!"*i!)2546"4G (;b14N#)>,(;5>@#3/k!"46]F*,"!

/k8 8aVc(;&N/k!)(+*, F/k#)4V;(;]i(+!"46Glf9^m]F46]F*1#)^l8:4N#)Qn*1#%]i/1 &'41KpoR/k#3(;*,$ /k>1>1#)463)(+b14\!"46&%2 (;q9$546F!"*r2 (;G54

]F46]F*1#3^V;/k!"46 &'^j2 /6b14G5*, 4V;(;!"!)V+4T!"*i2 (cG54T!)2 (c>,/k8sKA-OV+46/k#3V+^19_A4t_T(cV;Va54N46Gjf:4N!"!"4N#O*18 !)(;](+Y6/k!)(+*,

!"46&32a (;q9$546!"*f #3(;G5>14!)254i>,/k8lfu4N!h_A4N46r8 #)*E&'46)"*1#@/1 Gr]F46]F*1#)^"8:4N46G NKjvQM$5!)$5#)4(;!_T(;V;VUf:4

546&'46)3/k#)^[QS*1#T$ 0!"*[$ G54N#3)!)/1 Gj8 #)*1>1#3/1]w8/k!"!"4N#3 /1 Gf:462 /eb9(;*1#/k!#3$ j!)(;]F41 )*i!)2 /k!O_=4P&N/1

4Nx&N(+46<!)V+^m$5!)(;Vc(+YN4by/k#3(;*,$ F*18 !)(;](+Y6/k!)(+*,m!"46&%2 (;q9$546NKz?{/1)!#)46"46/k#%&32}|g~Nk€2 /1[)$5>1>146"!"46G!)2 /k!

8 #)*1>1#%/1]H‚ƒ!"46aG[!"*@2 /eb14t&'^E&NV;(;&T8a/k!"!"4N#3 =*1Q„4'…E46&N$5!)(+*,„KRBT254N^F!"46 Gj!"*4'…E46&N$5!"4C(;8a2 /1"46N9_T2 (c&32

#)4N8:46/k!*†b14N#!)(;]i41KA‡!T(;O8:*,)3(+faV+4!"*4Nx&N(;46!)V+^&N/k8 !)$5#341&NV;/1)3(+Qn^/1 GH8a#)46G (;&'!O8a2a/1"4fa/1"46G.8 #)*kI

>1#3/1]ˆfu462a/6bE(+*1#/k!#3$ !)(c]F4|g~6‰y€ŠK

‹4P8 #3*18u*,)4P$ )(; >i?2 /1"4dBW#%/1&)7E(;5>/1 G?R#)46Ga(;&'!)(+*,H!"*jf #3(;G >14C!)254]F46]i*1#)^>,/k8sKO‹4

(;<!"#)*EG $ &'4!)254v&'*, &'4N8 !\*1Q "!"#3$a&'!)(+*,Œ-0/1&32 4r-02546&)798:*,(;<!)H!)2 /k!H4'…E8aV+*,(+!8 #)*1>1#%/1]f:462 /6bE(+*1#

!"*Ž8 #)4NQS4N!)&32(;<!"*Ž!)254‡a"!"#3$ &'!)(+*,-0/1&%2541KB254(;<!)$ (+!)(+*,f:462 (; G!)2 (;j)&32546]i4v(;!)2a/k!.)(; &'4

8a2 /1)4fu462a/6bE(+*1#\&N/1‘f:48 #346G (;&'!"46G„_A4r&N/1‘4'’:46&'!)(+b146V+^“8 #)4'IŠQS4N!)&32”(; "!"#3$a&'!)(+*, H/1&N&'*1#3G (c5>m!"*

8a2 /1)4!"#3/1 3(+!)(+*, NK\‹4/1Vc"*8a#)*18:*,"4[/•54N_–(;]F8 #)*†b146Gr?A2 /1"4?R#)46Ga(;&'!)(+*,`/k#%&32 (+!"46&'!)$ #)4[f/1"46G

*,j8a2 /1"4#3$ 5I—V+465>1!)2 NKU‹4tf:4N>,(;[f<^j"!)$ G5^E(;5>d/1 G4Nbk/1V;$ /k!)(c5>82 /1"4fu462a/6bE(+*1#O(;˜5?™=-šy7XU?

f:46 &32a]i/k#)7ENKRB254C*1fa)4N#)b146G.8a2a/1"4Cf:462 /6bE(+*1#T(;!)2546H4'…E8aV+*,(+!"46GHf9^&'#)46/k!)(;5>i "!"#%$ &'!)(+*,\-0/1&%254

-02546&37<8:*,(;<!)!)2 /k!F$ "4j8 #)4NQS4N!)&32 (; >fa/1)46G`*,l8a2 /1)4j&%2 /15>146NKv4N!)/1(;V+46GŽ)(c]$ Vc/k!)(+*,v*1Q›ab14j*1Q

!)254˜E?A™=-œšy7XU?f:46 &%2 ]i/k#)7Et)25*e_!)2a/k!t$a)(;5>[‡ )!"#3$ &'!)(+*,v-0/1&%254-02546&)798:*,(;<!)t>,(+b146C$ t/1

¸5¹

ºD­„¤­:¤AªC»¢¨R±¨A¤·R­„¤

¼w½'¾:¿†ÀJÁSÀÀ%Â

¸:Ã

Án½J½J¿yĽ'Å.½'¾u¿jÆFÇ'È<Ä:„È<½J¿iÉWÈ<ÊyÂ:Ëc½

¹

Å9Ì

Í ÅEÇ%½J¾ŽÎtÈ9Ç%ÅEËSÁnτÈHÐa½'È<½'¿ÑPÏ:ÁnÒ9¿yÇJÀ%Án½ ¹

ÁSÏvӄÈ9Ç3½'ÁSÈ9Ë{ÀJÈ<½'ÁnÀ%̗È9Êe½'ÁSÅ9ÏÅ9ÌA½J¾:¿

ÇJ¿†Ô Â:ÁSÇ%¿

Ã

¿yÏ5½'À̊ÅEÇt½'¾u¿[Õ@¿†ÖEÇJ¿†¿FÅ9Ì

× È9À%½J¿yÇdØdÌOÐʆÁS¿†Ï:Êy¿

¬[«WÙz²=¨¦1¯ §`ÚU©5ªŠ¯¤©E¯

Û È9ËS¿†ÁSÖE¾

Ü9ÝEÝ5Þ

ß ²²§«aàW¯·œájâOã

äå6æçAè5é=êkå%èHäêeë9ìcí äå6æRîtì;ï ð'ñ6ï<òó5å)ñNñ6ô

äå6æõUê1ö ÷„ädæaó5å%ê1ï5øNù,ï

ú

ô ê1ì;åOù1û{üè5ëEì;í"ù1å)ý

ú

! #"$

%&'&'(*)+,)'-&'/.#&021!345'63'879;:=<>@?45A!BDC97E'FGIH,JGDALKMN'-& O2P <QGR4=GDSTGDJGD-:=<QGVUW&S5<QGDA34

3XYZ'['QGIGI45'[8\]UO^YVO`_baGI[4=GIGc'ed#3f?g)Q:hGI4RPQSIiGD'STG&'-8Yb'Q['QGIGI45c'Q[jXk453flP m(nYZ'Q[c'QGIGI45'Q[

d#3AAGI[GKpo'iJGI4q0=i:Hj3X(r&-Q45&0DKpc'/7psst,Ou%&'&'v<&0w1!GIGD'x&[45&-)&p:hG#0h:=)-QGD'v:w'E:=<GRd#3f?)Q:hGI4

P SIiGD'STGyaGI?&p4=:=fGD'z:j&p:F34=:=<{dW&p4=3Ac'&8P,:=&p:hG6o'iJGI450=i:|HK}m&AiGDi[<~K}Fd€0=c'STGx&AA‚7psst,OxP <QG

.@AcAQ4=GDSTGDiJG:=<QGj(*&0h:hGI4R3X‚P SIiGD'STG-QGI[4=GIG'ƒdW3f?)Q:hGI4RP SIiGD'STGXk453f„FjdVP o….@:=<:=<QG-QGIX†GD'0hG

‰{Š‹2ŒZŽr‘u’“”Œ–•—

˜W™b™=š›œQ™=ž=›I™bŸ2 #œ¡¢8¡‡i£ ›@™hœ/™=š¤¥ £ƒ¦ œ,¢8§†œ¨b© ‡iˆ ‡¥Q©yª›™=š›žh™h¨=›D¥©™=še¤¥¢«›D¥¢Q¨5¤¥¬T›

™hœ«ž=¬I¬T›Dž=žh§]¡¡i­«¬Tœª®¡i›I™h›E™=š ‡žR™=¤ž £}¯

°

›T± ™jŸ@ #œ¡¢²¡

‡£

›y™hœ™=š¤¥

£

ªy­*®¤p¨=›D¥z™=ž§†œ¨j™=šQ›

‡

¨E¬Tœ¥z™

‡

¥zœžž=Q®®!œ¨=™¤¥¢²ªœ™

‡iˆ ¤;³

™

‡

ϴ

¯

ŸW¬Tœ¡¢*¥Qœ™Vš¤

ˆ

›y¨=›D¤¡

‡

ž=›D¢ªx­ƒ©œ¤¡žR 

‡

™=šQœQ™R™=šQ›

‡

¨V¡iœ

ˆ

›x¤¥¢›D¥¬TœQ¨5¤p©›Dª›D¥v™

¯

Ÿž ‡¥¬T›I¨=›D¡i­r™=š¤¥ £ ªx­{¤¢ ˆ ‡žhœ¨E´¨ ¯8µ ¤¡u¶Q¨5¤¥Q·Iœ¥¸§kœ¨x© ‡iˆ,‡¥Q©ª›«¤¥{œ®®!œ¨=™=¥ ‡™­r™hœ

 #œ¨ £   ‡™=š{š ‡ª ¯ Ÿ@ #œ¡¢{¤¡cžhœ¹¡‡i£ ›6™hœ¹™=š¤¥ £ ´¨ ¯6º‡¥¬T›D¥z™E¶Q¨=›I›Dš¸¤¥¢{´¨ ¯» ¢Q W¤p¨5¢{´¤ ˆ ‡žj§†œ¨

¤p©¨=›I› ‡¥©™hœ¼!›jœ¥¹ªy­eª¤ž=™h›I¨D½^žV™=šQ›Dž ‡žV¬Tœªª ‡™h™h›I›x¤¥¢¹šQ›D¡® ‡¥Q©6ª›x¬Tœª®g¡i›I™h›E™=š ‡žW #œ¨ £}¯

¾

­¹š›D¤p¨=™h§k›D¡™V©¨5¤p™

‡

™=¢›x™hœ8´¨

¯V»

¨

‡

¬E¿@œ™h›D¥v¼!›I¨=©e¤¥¢*´¨

¯@¦

¨5›I©œ¨=­*À

¯Á

­,¨5¢¹§†œ¨™=šQ›

‡

¨

‡

¥

ˆ

¤¡c¤p¼¡i›6ž=Q©©›Džh™

‡

œ¥žE¤¥¢Âž5Q®®!œ¨=™™=šQ¨=œQ©šQœ™Eªx­Ã©¨5¤¢¤p™h›8žh™=¢

‡

›Dž

¯

¶

‡

¥¤¡¡i­¹Ÿ bœ¡¢{¡

‡i£

›

Æ ÇÉÈËÊÍÌnÈËʅÎ

ÏWÐkÑDÒ«ÓÔÕ@ІÖgזØÚÙ,Ñ ÛÐ

ÏWÐkÑDÒ«ÓÔÜbÝÞw߆Ù,Ñ ÛІÐ]Ð

à áDâ ÒÄØ;Ó~ã‚×äÒ;ÐkÓ â à

å æ

Ýä;ç~ÖØ;Óg×

â

ãbè6éxêÝÑDÙ

æ

Ù êÝzÛІÓØ ë

ì,íî ï#ð ñIòóñjô#õDö÷

Å

óiøùøúwûZù=øüù5÷ýþ íEíEíjíEíEíjíxíEíEíjíEíEíjíxíEíEíjíEíEíjíxíEíEíjíEí ÿ

ì,íì ÷ óñxûZö÷þhõ–ù5÷ñ,ó ü«÷rïWòc÷þ=þ=óñI÷ óø„íxíEíEíjíEíEíjíxíEíEíjíEíEíjíxíEíEíjíEí

ì,íì,íî ôW÷þ=óñxô#òø,ñóþ

ù5ó

óø÷òið þ=óþ íEíEíjíEíEíjíxíEíEíjíEíEíjíxíEíEíjíEí

ì,íì,íì øý÷ óñI÷òcòiðïRö÷pù5÷ñ õIù5óDóQü÷pù=üõ ñI÷òiõEûuù5øüù5÷ý ô#õDö÷ Å óiøùËíEíjíEí

ì,í ð÷ýóñEûbö÷þhõ–ù5÷ñ! ó Qü÷*ûuù=õ"ócñ óiø íxíEíEíjíEíEíjíxíEíEíjíEíEíjíxíEíEíjíEí î$#

ì,í ,íî ð%÷ýóñjûbö÷þhõ&–ù5÷ñ! ó Qü íjíEíEíjíxíEíEíjíEíEíjíxíEíEíjíEíEíjíxíEíEíjíEí îDì

ì,í ,íì ð%÷ýóñjûbö÷þhõ/ïWòc÷þ=þ=óñI÷

óø íEíjíxíEíEíjíEíEíjíxíEíEíjíEíEíjíxíEíEíjíEí î"

ì,í ,í ð%÷ýóñjûbö÷þhõxûZù=õ"óñ óiø8íjíEíEíjíxíEíEíjíEíEíjíxíEíEíjíEíEíjíxíEíEíjíEí î"

ì,í ,íÿ '(%)*õ"ü

ö,+-ñTø%ó ü/.r÷pù!ø Å ûuù=õ"ócñ øù«íEíEíjíxíEíEíjíEíEíjíxíEíEíjíEí î10

2 Ü/êÙ43yÝ â ã‚ÐkãwÝQÒÄÙréEØ;Ùzã‚ІäÒÄÓØƒÝ â ã áDâ ÑIÒÄØpזäÒÚÐ†Ó â 3yÝäpê–Ù53/ê–Ùzä;ç76uÓ}Ðâ ÒÚÑ à98

,íî :õIõ"¹ú†øù@÷:õ$;€ûZö÷þhõEûuù=õ"óñ óiø<ù5ñ5öó õDñ

Qù=õ íEíEíjíxíEíEíjíEíEíjíxíEíEíjíEí î"

,íì =:@õ$;?> ý/@ù=ø

Å õ"ûbö÷þhõEûuù5õ"óñ ó Qü/ù5ñ5öó õDñ Qù=õA÷þ=õ"ø¹ûuù5õ"óñ óiø:øQõDþ"B

VöQõyïR÷ó ÷ õEûZù=õ"óñ øùWíEíxíjíEíEíjíEíEíjíxíEíEíjíEíEíjíxíEíEíjíEíEíjíxíEíEíjíEí ìì

,í >Cþ

ùñ óø*ïW÷ñ5öQõïWöQõDñ9@!øó þ$BD>C ù=ø%ñ

óø÷E{øù! ó Qü{íjíEíEíjíxíEíEíjíEí ì

ë FÐHG{ז߆ÝQÒÚÐ†Ó âJI ÙzÒÚêÓ~ãwÓg߆ÓgÖK Ý â ãMLeÙ,ÑÄזßkÒÄÑ 2à

ÿQíî óýNò÷ óø,.¹õ öQø%Qøòiøüð íEíxíjíEíEíjíEíEíjíxíEíEíjíEíEíjíxíEíEíjíEíEíjíxíEíEíjíEí î

ÿQíì 'VõDþò

þV÷Oócþ=ñ$þ=þ=óø íEíEíxíjíEíEíjíEíEíjíxíEíEíjíEíEíjíxíEíEíjíEíEíjíxíEíEíjíEí ì

P 3yÓ â äz߆זÑÄÐ†Ó â Ý â

ã”Õ–×ÒÚ×Ø;ÙRQ ÓgØÚç ë

å

,íî ï#øñIòó QüS'VõDý«÷pù!,þÍíjíEíEíxíjíEíEíjíEíEíjíxíEíEíjíEíEíjíxíEíEíjíEíEíjíxíEíEíjíEí ÿvì

,íì T ù=õE{øù! íxíjíEíEíjíEíEíxíjíEíEíjíEíEíjíxíEíEíjíEíEíjíxíEíEíjíEíEíjíxíEíEíjíEí ÿvì

X Y[Z]\ ^`_ a Ycbed fhgiZ

jk l m

W noAVqpsr!t%W uwvSxyo"zp1VW{r|{}~[p"Vo kc€‚

pqƒwW „…W „|Wu†‡o$rn„|{} l$ˆˆ

nW‰ ‰ W{u‹ŠŒ{nnW†‡†‡o"

W u„!†‡rŽŠŒ†!W{u„

l$ˆ‘kkkAkkk&kAkkkAkkkAk&kkkAkkkAk&kkkAkkkAk&kkkAkk ’

jk j “

rŠzW †‡o"ŠŒ†!Žwrp‰•”rpn/o$~–{r!—}˜{r‚p™,{%wo$ruRšwŽw›yo$r…šwŠ$p‰ psr‚œr{ŠŒo"„!„!{r

kAk&kkkAkk ž

jk Ÿ “

rŠzW †‡o"ŠŒ†!Žwrp‰”wrpn/o$~–{r!— }¡{r†!zo¢š†!ps†!W ŠRœ-zp„!o

m

rpŠ!—%W uwv£pu¥¤|‰ p„!„!W¦§Š$ps†!W{u

š%Š¨zwo"n/o

kAkkk&kAkkkAkkk&kAkkkAkkkAk&kkkAkkkAk&kkkAkkkAk&kkkAkk ©

jk«ª “

rŠzW †‡o"ŠŒ†!Žwrp‰U”wrpn/o$~–{r!—}¡{r-†!zwo¬tupn­W Š…œ-zp„‡o

m

rpŠ!—%W uwvNpu‹¤|‰ p„!„!W¦§Š$ps†!W{u

š%Š¨zwo"n/o

kAkkk&kAkkkAkkk&kAkkkAkkkAk&kkkAkkkAk&kkkAkkkAk&kkkAkk ll

jk ’

œ-zp„‡o

m

rpŠ!—%W uwvpu®¤[‰ p„!„!W ¦Š$ps†!W{u<¯uW†

l"Ÿq‘°kkAkkkAk&kkkAkkkAk&kkkAkk l"Ÿ

jk ±

™RW uW nNŽn²uŽn³xyo$r‚{}›zp„‡o"„‚†!zps†´uo$o"O†‡{‹xyo³Š$ps›†!Žwro"RVo$r¨„!Ž„(†!zwoNpn{Žuµ†{}

›r!{vr¨pn¶oŒƒ%o"Š$Žw†!W{u<†!zwo$t<ŠŒ{·Vo$rS

l"Ÿq‘¸kkkAk&kkkAkkkAk&kkkAkkkAk&kkkAkk l"’

jk¹ž “

rŠzW †‡o"ŠŒ†!Žwrp‰•”rpn/o$~–{r!—}˜{r…†!zo³™Opsr—{1V,œ-zp„‡oœr!o"W ŠŒ†!W{uOš%Š¨zwo"n/o

kkkAkk l"±

jk © º

Žu *»

o"uwv†!zO¼-uŠŒ{%W uwv™Rpsr!—{1V,œ-r!o"W ŠŒ†‡{rN

l"Ÿq‘`kAkkkAk&kkkAkkkAk&kkkAkk l"©

Ÿk l

œ-zp„‡o

m

rpu„!W†!W {u„[W u<„‡~‚W n

k&kAkkkAkkkAk&kkkAkkkAk&kkkAkkkAk&kkkAkk jsˆ

Ÿk j º

Žu » o"uwv†!z®¤–{n/›psrW„‡{u}˜{r(œ-zp„‡o l"Ÿ W u<„‡~‚Wn kkkAk&kkkAkkkAk&kkkAkk j%l

Ÿk Ÿ m

zwo½(o$~¿¾Cn/›r{1Vo"R¤[puW ps†‡oœczp„‡oœro"W ŠŒ†‡{r

kkkAk&kkkAkkkAk&kkkAkk jŸ

Ÿk«ª

™O{W ¦o"<œ-zp„!o&œr!o"W ŠŒ†!W{u

“ rŠzW †‡o"ŠŒ†!Žwr!oŽ„!Wuwv/œr!o"WŠŒ†!W{u<½‚{%wo"„ kAk&kkkAkk jqª Ÿk ’ œro"W ŠŒ†!W{u<½({o"„…~‚W†!zr¨Žu  ‰o"uwv†!z‹{} ± }¡{r‚œ-zp„‡o

Ÿ kAk&kkkAkkkAk&kkkAkk jqª

Ÿk ±

¼ÀŠ$Wo"uŠŒt‹{}Á†!zouwo$~¿W n/›r!{1Vo"R¤|puW ps†‡oAœczp„‡o&œ-r!o"W ŠŒ†‡{r

kAkkkAk&kkkAkk j±

Ÿk¹ž “

rŠzW †‡o"ŠŒ†!Žwrp‰/”wrpno$~c{r!—?}˜{r5œ-r!o$}˜o$†!Š¨zW uwvhŽ„!WuwvM¾Cu„‡†‡rŽŠŒ†!W{u¤|pŠzwoM¤[zwo"Š—



›y{W u9†!W uwv

kAkkk&kAkkkAkkk&kAkkkAkkkAk&kkkAkkkAk&kkkAkkkAk&kkkAkk jž

Ÿk ©

¾Cu„‡†‡rŽŠŒ†!W {uO¤[pŠzwo/¤[zwo"Š—9›y{W u9†!W uwv/¯uW†

kAk&kkkAkkkAk&kkkAkkkAk&kkkAkk j© ªwk l n/vrWÃ‹½‚{r¨np‰ WÄ$o"<¾  ¤[pŠ¨zwo³™RW „!„‡o"„ kÅkkAk&kkkAkkkAk&kkkAkkkAk&kkkAkk ŸŸ ªwk j n/vrWÃ¾  ¤|pŠzwo³™RW „!„!o"„&Æ¡›r!o$}¡o$†!ŠzOV„ k uw{  ›r!o$}¡o$†!Šz§Ç k‹kAk&kkkAkkkAk&kkkAkk Ÿqª ªwk Ÿ pnn/›•È-œ-zp„!o m

rpu„!W†!W{u„[W u,†!zwoA¾ÉuW†!W p‰ WÄ"ps†!W {u<š%†!psvo

k§k&kkkAkkkAk&kkkAkk Ÿ’ ªwk«ª pnn/›•È-œ-zp„!o m rpu„!W†!W{u„[W u,†!zwo¼Dƒ%o"Š$Žw†!W{uRš%†!psvoµÆ l Ç k‹k&kkkAkkkAk&kkkAkk Ÿ± ªwk ’ pnn/›•È-œ-zp„!o m rpu„!W†!W{u„[W u,†!zwo¼Dƒ%o"Š$Žw†!W{uRš%†!psvoµÆ j Ç k‹k&kkkAkkkAk&kkkAkk Ÿž ªwk ± pnn/›•È-½‚{r¨np‰ WÄ$o"¾ 

¤[pŠzo&nW „!„!o"„&Æ¡~‚W†!z¾CuW†!W p‰WÄ"ps†!W{u‹›zp„‡o·Ç

kÊkAk&kkkAkk Ÿ©

ªwk¹ž

pnn/›•È-½‚{r¨np‰ WÄ$o"¾



¤[pŠzo&nW „!„!o"„&ÆH„‡—%W›<¾ÉuW†!W p‰ WÄ"ps†!W {u›§zp„‡o·Ç

k`kAk&kkkAkk Ÿ© ªwk © „‡~‚Wnž  ¤[pŠ¨zwo³n­W „!„‡o"„ k–kAkkk&kAkkkAkkkAk&kkkAkkkAk&kkkAkkkAk&kkkAkk ŸË

ÎwÏ Ð$Ñh҇Ó

ÍÔ<՝Ö-×Ø Ò!ÙڕÛ

ØÜ

Ò

ÍÝ!ÍÞÜ

Ò

ÍÜÝ!×

ÙßDà%Ù"á$â

Ý!ÍÞÜRã%Ý!Øsä

ÙÏ?ÏÏAÏ&ÏÏÏAÏÏÏAÏ&ÏÏÏAÏÏ ÎÑ

ÎwÏ ÐÐåÙ"æâ

Øsç

Ù

Õ-èêéÉë[Ø

á

×

Ù

ÔÍ

Ò҇Ù"Ò$ϐÏÏ&ÏAÏÏÏAÏÏÏAÏ&ÏÏÏAÏÏÏAÏ&ÏÏÏAÏÏÏAÏ&ÏÏÏAÏÏ ÎÑ

ÎwÏ Ð"ìJÙ"æâ

Øsç

Ù

Õcí(Þ

Û

ÔØî Í ï Ù"ð

è*éÉë|Ø

á

×

Ù

Ô­Í

ô õ[ö]÷ ø`ù ú ûýü þcÿiö

ó !ó! " ó$#!%&ó'(%)**,+-!ó.0/$1 '243"%&(

567 89

;:

ó !ó!#<%&ó'(%)**,1!ó.=>*%&

@ ACBEDGFIHKJ L

MONQPERTSVU W XYP[Z\SQN

]_^`^a*bcedgfhjikdl*hlb(dl*mhlgn)^op1ql*rst_puba*v^aoIhsn)b4w^qx1fb(d7byba*z ?({ o^s|l*md}~€a*^

n)b(d*d^a<dpubb(wd"‚bbp_ardrstƒwahoIhl*rnhffz}…„†s‡n)^s|lahdl!ob(oI^a*z4d*pˆbb(w1d‰w^qx1f'b-^sf'z0byba*z4d*byb(s

l^Šlb(sOzb(had}Œ‹mba*b‡rdghsObybaIta*^i!rstŽroƒx1hfhsn)b4xubli‰bb(sob(o^az‘x1hswi!rwl*m’hswŒpa*^

n)b(d*d^aId*pˆbb(w“}”‹mb(db4w1r'yba*trst•ahlb(dgrop1fzŽhsOroIpˆb(s1wrst_ob(oI^a*z–i"hff-—?)˜™ w1qbšl^Ži!mr›nm

o^dl"hpp1f›rnhl*r'^sd\i!rffxˆb$frošr'lb(wx`zšob(o^a*zšpˆbav>^aošhsn)b}=‹mrd\mhd"sb(n)b(d*d*rl*hlb(w‡l*mb-q1db<^v

htta*b(d*dr'yb,lb(nmsrœ`qb(d"l^0m1rwb6ob(o^a*z‡fhlb(sn)z}

‹ahwr'l*r'^shf›f'znhnmb(d•mh(yb’xubb(s[qdb(wTl^a*b(w1qn)bŠl*mb–ropžhn)l^vob(oI^a*zEf›hlb(sn)z}

Ÿ

hnmb(d7i‰^a*‚”xˆb(nhq1dbI^v‰li‰^a*b(hd^s1d h¢¡$‹£b(opu^ahf=f'^9nhfr'l¤z•hsw–xˆ¡6¥`p1hl*rhf…f^`nhfrlz}I¦<^ji"h§

whjz`d-o^9wbas_qs1r¨©pa*^9n)b(d*d^awb(dr'tsdmhjyboqf'l*rp1f'b6f'byb(fd!^v=nhnmb(d}ª"ql<o^dl!p1a*^tahoId<dl*rff

dpub(swŒh•f^l^v!l*rob‡dl*hffrst^sOob(o^a*z’hnn)b(d*db(d}’„†s’p1ha*l*rnq1fhaƒ„«sdlaqn)l*r'^s

Ÿ

hnmboIr›d*db(d

nhsab(d*qf'lrsdr'tsr'¬1nhs|lgpuba*v>^aoIhsn)b_f'^d*d*b(dIrsKmr'tm1f'z‘p1rpˆb(f›rsb(w–p1a*^`n)b(dd^ad•—®­

™

}°¯Emb(shs

rsd*laqn)l*r'^s’nhnmboIrdd,^9nnqad =r›sdlaqn)l*r^s–rd*d*qb0rddl*hff'b(w’v^ah”pubar'^9wŠb(œ`qhf‰l^•l*mb‡nhnmb

oIrddfhlb(sn)z}±‹mr›d±rdrs_n)^s|lahdl-l^0w1hl*hšnhnmbƒoIrddb(d i!mba*b,mhawi‰ha*b7dnmb(wq1frstImb(fp1d"l^

p1ha*l*fz0mrwb-l*mb,oIrd*d±f›hlb(sn)z}

²

sb‰^v1l*mb±o^d*lpu^p1q1fhalb(nmsrœ`qb(d³qdb(wl^7mrwb\ob(o^az,fhlb(sn)zrd³nhnmb±pabv>bl*nm9

rst}‹mb€r›wb(hxub(mrs1w6nhnmb"pa*bvbl*nm1rst!rdl^<p1a*b(wrn)lhs1w7pa*bvbl*nm‡´µrs|l^!l*mb"nhnmb¡“rsƒhwyhsn)b 

·¸¹$º)»¼½¾1¿'ºÀÂÁ`º(Ã|ĺ(Å¢Æ*Ǽ¿£È=¹*ºÉºÆ*Ê˺¹Ì!ɺÆ*Ê˔Æ*˺½IÇÌ*ÌÇÅÍÎ1¿'¸9Ê*ϼÅЕ¾¹*ºÉºÆ*Ê˕Æ*˺ź)»`Æ-̺(Ã`ĺ(Å9Ñ

Æ*Ǽ¿±Îž¿'¸`ÊϒÒ<˺(Ő¼ŠÎ1¿¸`ÊÏO½šÇÌ*̺(ÌÇŐÆ*˺ʼÊ˺À±Ò!ËÇ¿'ºÁ`ƹÇкÈ=¹*ºÉºÆ*Ê˺¹ÌÀ±¾¹*ºÉºÆ*ÊËÓÆ*˺ź)»9Æ

ÔÅ Ô Î1¿'¸9Ê*Ï9Ì!¼Éƺ¹7¼0ʼÊ˺½IÇÌ*Ì!¸`ÊÊĹÌÕ<Ö!˺(̺,ƺ(ÊËÅÇÃ`ĺ(Ì-½IÇ'ÍË|Æ-ŸÆ-Ê)¸½¾ž¿'ºÆº(¿'×_ËÇк,½º(½¸¹*×

¿¼Æº(ÅÊ)×Յ؊º$źº(Ð4¼,Ì*Ê˺(½º<Æ*˼Æ\¾1¹*º(ÐÇÊ)Æ*Ì=ʼÊ˺$Î1¿'¸9Ê*Ï9Ì=¹*º(Ã`ÄÇ'¹º(ÐIÇÅÆ*˺<ÉÄÆ*Ĺ*ºÀ|¼Å1ÐI¾¹*ºÉºÆ*Ê˺(Ì

Æ*˺(½kÇŚ¼ÐÙ§¼ÅÊ)ºÀ̸ƒÆ*˼ƉÆ*˺×Ò!Ç¿¿Îˆº!¾¹*º(̺(Å|Æ\ÇŚÆ*˺$ʼÊ˺-Ò!˺(ŚÆ*˺<¾1¹*¸Í¹¼½kźº(Ð̉Ç'ÆՅÖËÇÌ

Ò!Ç¿›¿\Ê)¸½¾ž¿'ºÆº(¿'בº(¿›Ç½IÇżƺ4Æ*˺¿¼Æº(ÅÊ)׌¸É-͸ÇÅ͎Ƹ–½I¼ÇÅK½º(½I¸¹*ב¸¹Æ¸–¿'¸Ò\º¹0¿'ºÙº(¿±Ê¼Ê˺(Ì(Õ

ÖËǛÌ"¹*º(Ã|Ä1Ç'¹*º(Ì"¼IÊ¿'º(¼¹-ÄÅк¹Ì*Æ*¼ÅÐÇÅ̓¸É³¾¹*¸Í¹¼½ÚÎuº(˼jÙ`Ǹ¹!¼ÅЇº)»9º(ÊÄÆ*Ç'¸ÅÌ*º(Ã|ĺ(Å1Ê)ºÕ

Û<Å1к¹ÌÆ*¼ÅÐ1ÇÅÍI¾¹¸Í¹¼½Ü¾1¼Æƺ¹ÅÌ6¼ÅЕÎuº(˼(Ù9Ç'¸¹6¼Æ$¹ÄŕÆ*ǽºgÇÌ-Æ*˺Ϻ×Ƹ‡ºÝšÊÇ'º(Å|Æ

ÄÆ*Ç¿›Ç'Þ(¼Æ*Ç'¸ÅŽ¸É±Ù¼¹Ç'¸ÄÌ6¸¾1Æ*ǽIÇ'Þ(¼Æ*Ç'¸Å‘ƺ(ÊËÅ1ÇÃ|ĺ(ÌÕ4ȳ¼Ìƹ*º(̺(¼¹ÊËTߨàáâ‰Ë¼ÌƒÌ*ÄÍͺ(Ìƺ(ВÆ*˼ƃ¾¹*¸Ñ

͹¼½IÌ\ͺ(ź¹¼¿›¿'׃ƺ(Å1КƸ˼(Ùº-Ò!Çк(¿×ƒÐǨãuº¹*º(Å|Æ=Îuº(˼(Ù9Ç'¸¹‰ÐĹÇÅÍ$Ð1Ǩ㈺¹º(Å¢Æ=¾ž¼¹*Æ*̀¸ÉuÆ*˺(ǹ€º)»9º(ÊÄ9Ñ

Æ*Ç'¸ÅÂՅ丹*º‰Ì*¾ˆº(ÊÇå1ʼ¿¿'×$Ç'Æ£Ë1¼ÌÎuºº(ÅÌ*˸jÒ<Å,Æ*˼ƾ¹*¸Í¹¼½I̺)»`º(ÊÄƺ"¼Ì³¼<Ì*º¹Ç'º(Ì£¸É¾1˼̺(Ì"ߨàáÀ9ààæâ©Õ

ȳ¼ÌÆ$кå1ÅÇ'Æ*ǸÅÌÇÅÐ1Çʼƺ,Æ*˼Æ$¼0¾1˼̺ÇÌ<¼Å”ÇÅ|ƺ¹*Ù¼¿¸É…º)»9º(ÊÄÆ*Ç'¸ÅŽÐĹÇÅÍÒ!ËǛÊ˔¼0½º(¼ÌĹ*º(Ð

½ºÆ¹Ç›Ê¹*º(½š¼ÇÅÌ4¹*º(¿¼Æ*Ç'Ùº(¿×ÓÌÆ*¼Î1¿'ºÕèç«Åèߨàà)â©À-Æ*ËÇÌ4Çк(¼’Ò‰¼Ì‡º)»9¾1¼Åк(ÐEƸÇÅ1Ê¿Äк¼¿›¿-ÌǽIÇ¿¼¹

̺(Ê)Æ*Ç'¸Å1Ì6¸É"º)»`º(ÊÄÆ*ǸőÇ'¹*¹º(̾uº(Ê)Æ*Ç'Ùºg¸É‰Æº(½I¾ˆ¸¹¼¿…¼Ð§é¼Ê)º(Å1Ê)×Õ0ê"ÄÆ7Æ*˺šÏº×”¾u¸ÇÅ|Æ$Æ*˼Æ,½ÄÌÆ7Îuº

ÄÅк¹ÌƸ`¸`ЃÇ̓Æ*˼ÆÆ*˺‰¾1˼̺\Îuº(˼(Ù9Ç'¸¹³Ìºº(ŃǛÅ,¼Å|×,½ºÆ¹Çʉ¼Æ³¼Å¢×7ÍÇÙº(Å,Æ*ǽIº\ÇÌÐÇ'¹*º(Ê)Æ*¿×-¹º(¿¼Æº(Ð

Ƹ_Æ*˺IÊ)¸9кIÆ*Ë1¼Æ,ÇÌ$Îuº(ÇÅ͇º)»9º(ÊÄƺ(ÐÂÕIç«Åß¨à(ë§â©À³Á˺¹*҉¸|¸9ÐÂÀºÆ,¼¿=Ë1¼(Ùº0Ê)¸½IºšÄ¾ŠÒ!Ç'Æ*ˊ¼Ä1ÅÇ'åº(Ð

¾¹*¸åž¿ÇÅͼ¹ÊËÇ'ƺ(Ê)Æ*Ĺ*ºÆ*˼Æ-ºÝšÊÇ'º(Å|Æ*¿'×ʼ¾Æ*Ĺ*º(Ì(ÀˆÊ¿¼ÌÌ*Ç'åº(Ì<¼ÅÐ_¾¹º(ÐÇÊ)Æ*̾žË¼Ìº,Ξ¼Ìº(Ð_¾¹¸Í¹¼½

Îuº(˼(Ù9Ç'¸¹¼Æ<¹ÄÅ4Æ*ǽºÕ

ç†ÅŽÆ*Ë1ÇÌ$Æ*˺(Ì*ÇÌ(À“Ò\º¾1¹*¸¾u¸ÌºI¼Ì*Ê˺(½ºIÆ*˼Æ7Ò<Ç¿¿Ä̺¾1˼Ì*º¾¹*º(ÐÇÊ)Æ*ǸŔ¼Æ,¹ÄÅ|Æ*ǽºgƸ

Ê)¹*º(¼Æº_ç«ÅÌƹÄÊ)Æ*Ç'¸Åì"¼Ê˺Ê˺(ÊÏ|¾u¸ÇÅ|Æ*ÌÆ*˼ƚº)»`¾1¿¸Ç'ƃ¾1¹*¸Í¹¼½5Îuº(˼jÙ`Ç'¸¹Æ¸Š¾1¹*ºÉ>ºÆ*ÊːÇÅ|ƸŠÆ*˺

ç«ÅÌƹÄÊ)Æ*ǸŌì"¼Ê˺ՊÖ˺0ǛŢÆ*ÄÇÆ*Ç'¸Å–Îuº(ËÇÅ1ЊÆ*ËÇÌÌ*Ê˺(½º4ǛÌ,Æ*˼ÆgÌ*ÇÅ1Ê)ºš¾1˼Ì*º(̃ƺ(Å1БƸŽ¹*º¾uº(¼Æ

ɵ¼Ç'¹¿'ז¸Éƺ(ÅKÐĹÇÅ͕¼Ž¾1¹*¸Í¹¼½ ÔÌgº)»9º(ÊÄÆ*Ç'¸ÅÂÀ\Ò\º_ʼŐº)㈺(Ê)Æ*Ç'Ùº(¿×ŒÐºÆº¹½IÇź–íµÄÌ*ǛÅ͕Æ*˺4¾žË¼Ìº

¾¹*º(Ð1ÇÊ)Ƹ¹æî€Å¸Æ"¸Å¿'×IÒ!˺(Ś҉º6ƹ¼ÅÌ*ÇÆ*Ç'¸ÅšÆ¸¼gÐǨãuº¹*º(Å|Æ\¾žË¼ÌºÀ9Î1ÄÆ"¼¿Ì¸gÆ*˺$¾1˼Ì*º<Æ*˼Æ"҉º6Ò!Ç¿¿

º(Å|ƺ¹‰ÇÅ|ƸՀï$ÅÊ)ºÒ‰º!Ï9ŸÒÓÆ*ËÇÌ(ÀÒ\º-ʼÅI¾¹º)Ñ©É>ºÆ*ÊË0ÇÅ1ÌƹÄÊ)Æ*Ç'¸Å1̅¼ÊÊ)¸¹ÐÇÅ̓Ƹ7¾1˼Ì*ºÆ¹¼ÅÌ*ÇÆ*Ç'¸ÅÌÕ

ÖËǛÌ"Ò!Ç¿¿ž¾u¸Æº(Å¢Æ*Ǽ¿›¿'ךº(¿Ç›½IÇżƺ6¼¿¿“ǛŢƺ¹Ñ©¾žË¼Ìº$ç†Å1ÌƹÄÊ)Æ*Ç'¸Åì±¼Ê˺Ê)¸¿Ð_½IÇÌ̺(ÌÕ

Ö˺6ɸ¿¿'¸Ò!ÇÅͼ¹*º6Æ*˺,Ê)¸Å¢Æ¹Ç'Î1ÄÆ*Ç'¸Å1Ì"¹*º¾u¸¹*ƺ(ÐÇÅÆ*ËǛÌ"Æ*˺(Ì*ÇÌÕ

ðOñ

źÒòǽ¾¹*¸Ùº(ÐȀ˼Ì*º,È=¹*º(Ð1ÇÊ)Æ*Ç'¸Å

ñ

¹ÊËÇƺ(Ê)Æ*Ĺ*º

ðOñ

ôõö-÷ø*ùúûü'ý(úþ*ü÷û0÷ÿ£þ*õö$þ*õö*ü‰ü"ú"ÿ÷'÷ "õúþöøö)øüˆö1ú|ùø*÷1û\÷ø

!ü'þ*õIø*öuö)þ€þ÷`þ*úþ*ü!úû! #"`û1ú$Iü&%\õúö'(ú*ü)úþ*ü'÷ûúû%=ø*ö1ü)þ*ü'÷ûIô£öõû1ü*+ö "õú-,

þöøóÿ>÷.ö7÷û–ú0/<ö1%€õ1úö!%=øöü)þ*ü'÷ûŠô£öõû1ü*+öþ*õúþ2$Iúöö÷ÿ±üûõöø*ö(û¢þ3ø÷ùøú$

uö(õú49ü'÷ø 65†þ\þ*õö(û4ü›û¢þø*÷.)ö\þ*õö')÷û)öþ"÷ÿúû75«ûþø8)þ*ü'÷û±úõö2"õö+u÷üû|þ"úû7ö)øü9uö

õ÷: üþ;úû<uö*ö‘þ÷=ø*öÿöþõKüû|þ÷þ*õö>5«ûþø)þ*ü'÷û?±úõö @"õú1þöø;A=ø*öö(û|þþ*õö09ü$B,

úþ*ü÷ûC$öþ*õ÷.÷'÷ù"ŠúûCüö$ø*ö'þ >"õ1úþöø;DE$F$Iúøü'ýö$þ*õö!)÷ûü'÷û-÷ÿ"þ*õü

K LNMPORQFSUT V

W XZY\[^]`_badc e f g h i Xkjml W lni Xpo qa`_

r3s8t uPv2wyxzwR{\|}B~€z&‚ƒ„†…‡‚ˆ‰&‚ˆ~ŠŒ‹

yŽŽ8‘’F“”•–—?”†•™˜.•š›-”•=œ–<ž‘“•“Ÿm &ž-•¡@”•–—m”††”ž-Ž›žU—œ£¢¤•Ž•–¥”F“”‘•“

¦§•™˜.•š›-”œ9–ˆ¨€©¤•œ––œ–-7ª&œ9”ž@”ž-•>«¬–œ9”œG‘­œ9®‘”œ9–¯ŽB”ž-•“”‘Ž”›-<ž‘“•¨6ª&žœšž°œ“2›“•—†”¯“•”

›-±”ž-•—‘”‘>“”Ž8›š™”›-Ž•“‘–—²•–•Ž‘­­9¡7Ž•³‘Ž•2”ž-•B“¡.“”•’N¦´Ž#•™˜µ•š›”œ9–ˆŸ3¶'–š™•2ª·•;š™’³­9•”•

«¬–œ9”œ‘­œ®‘”œ9–;‘–—B•–¥”•ŽyŽŽ‘’ƒ•™˜.•š›-”œ9–ˆ¨¥”ž-•Ž•‘Ž•“”œG­­+“›-©-¸¹ž‘“•“º”2©I•·¦H›–—ˆŸ6yŽŽ8‘’F“

‘Ž•ªŽœ9””•–œ–F‘’.—›­‘Žy¦»‘“žœ–ˆ¨¥¦H”•–>‘“(‘;“•”¦ˆ¦»›–š™”œ–“š‘­­•—Fª&œ9”žœ–‘;­+¼¨µ‘–—Fªž-•Ž•

•‘šž¯¦»›–š™”œ–²š‘­­“”ž-•Ž3¦»›–š™”œ9–“#‘‘œ–±ª&œ9”žœG–²­9µ“&‘–—=“>–?½£¾¾™¿¹Ÿ3ÀPž•–²ŽŽ‘’F“3‘Ž•

ªŽœ””•–>œ–>”žœ“·’F‘––•Ž¨.”ž-•¡!ž‘Á•Â‘;“”Ž–-š™¡µš­œGš&”Ž•–—!¦º•™˜µ•š›-”œ–ˆŸ€«Ã–¯½£¾Ä¿¹¨œ9”ª·‘“§—•’–.¸

“”Ž‘”•—¯”ž‘”3’F“”3ŽŽ‘’F“3“žªƒš™¡µš­Gœš2©¤•ž‘ÁµœŽ#‘š™Ž““3ÁőŽœ›“3‘Žšžœ”•š™”›-Ž‘­Æ¦´•‘”›Ž•“'­œ9Ǖ

È·Ž‘–š8ž=Ž•—œš™”œ–ˆ¨ˆÉ§‘šž-•Æ•Ž¦HŽ’F‘–š™•¨ˆÊy‘­›•Ž•—œš™”œ9–¼¨I‘–—=Ë#——-Ž•““#yŽ•—œš™”œ9–ˆŸÂÉ·¡.š­œš

©¤•ž‘Á.œ9Ž3š‘–²©¤•—-•Ì–-•—±‘“#‘>Ž•¤•‘”‘©­9•;Ž'“’•”œ’•“•Á•–¯‘!¤•Žœµ—œGš3‘””•Ž–=”ž‘”3š‘–±©¤•

“••–²”ž-Ž›-ž-›””ž-•ÂŽŽ‘’EÍΓ•™˜.•š›-”œ9–¼ŸÏ-Ž#•™˜.‘’F­9•¨Ï6œ9›-Ž•2еŸ¾2“ž-:ª&“”ž•Â”œ’•ÂÁ‘Ž¡.œ–-

©¤•ž‘Á.œ9Ž¦€”ž-•BÑ.Ò·É§ÓÔFŽŽ‘’Nª(‘Á•©”‘œ–-•—±¦´Ž’Õ½£¾Ä¿¹ŸÀC•Bš‘–=“••;”ž‘”&ª(‘Á•B•™˜.žœ9©œ9”“

”Öª·C—œ“”œG–š™”«¬·Éם³‘””•Ž–“¨y‘=­9ªØ«¬·Éٝž‘“•>¦Ð0‘–—<‘=žœ9ž†«¬·Éٝž‘“•!¦ÚµŸ= ž-•“•”Öª·

‘””•Ž–“Ž•I•‘”#”ž-Ž›ž-›-”3œ9”“&•™˜.•š›-”œ9–¼Ÿ;Ñ.œ’Fœ­G‘Ž‘””•Ž–“3‘Ž•B‘­“•™˜-žœ9©œ9”•—²©+¡²”ž-•ŽÂ‘Ž¸

Ý6Þ9ßà-áâãµäåæBç&ÞèâFéêáë.Þì-ß0í¤âîêéµÞ9ïá;ïð(ñ·êéâä²òóÖêÅô.Þõ;Þõ2ÞGìCöâáèFõ;ïðÂå÷÷²èFÞGøøÞ9ïìCù™ïèFè!Þ9ööâú

Þìõöáàù™öÞ9ïìõÙû£å÷ü

ý

âêöÞì-ß>ïéâá'öÞèâäþÿö3Þõ

ý

ïõõÞ9íøâ'ð´ïá3àõöïêà-öïè!êöÞùêøø9ë²ÞGú-âì¥öÞð´ë7öîÞõ

ý

îêõâ2í¤âîêé.Þ9ïáäçî-â

âë

ý

ïÞì+öÂöîêö;èàõö2íIâ>àìú-âáõöï+ï.úCÞõÂöîêö2öî-â

ý

îêõâFí¤âîêéµÞ9ïáõââì@ÞGì@êì+ë¯èFâöáÞùFêöBêì¥ë

ßÞ9éâì?öÞèFâ0ÞõBúÞ9áâù™öø9ë@áâøêöâú?öï†öî-âEù™ï.ú-âEöîêöFÞõí¤âÞì-ß=â™ô.âùà-öâú(Þ äâä

ý

îêõâ7í¤âîêé.Þ9ïáêö

êì+ë

ý

ïÞì+öÞìê

ý

áïßáêèÎõ·â™ô.âùà-öÞ9ïìEõâµà-âìù™â3ùêì7í¤âÞú-âì+öÞâú>íµëFâ™ô.êè!ÞìÞì-ß;öî-â3ù™ïµú-â#í¤âÞì-ß

â™ô.âùà-öâúˆäyþÃö§ùêìêøGõïBíIâ3õêÞú>öîêö

ý

îêõâ#í¤âîêéµÞïá·ùêì7í¤â#ð´ïàìú>êìú7ùøêõõÞâú>í+ë!â™ô.êèFÞGìÞì-ß

ïìø9ë>öî-âÂáêöÞïõÞì7ñ&îÞGùî0úÞ Iâáâì+ö(áâßÞ9ïìõïð6ù™ï.ú-âÂêáâ2íIâÞGì-ßBâ™ôµâùà-öâú²ïéâá#öÞèâä

"!$#%'&()*&+-,/.012'34&

çîÞõ!õâù™öÞ9ïì

ý

áïé.Þú-âõ>ê@íáÞ9âð#ïéâáé.Þ9âñ ïðÂî-ïñ

ý

îêõâ²öáêù Þìß<êìú ùøêõõÞ5ùêöÞ9ïì

Þõú-ïì-â7õöêöÞùêøøëä76 öâùîìÞ5+àâùêøøâú98(êõÞù:8(ø9ï.ù 9; ÞõöáÞ9íà-öÞïì†êìêø9ë.õÞõ7û£åå™ü§öîêöÞõàõâú

öï¯ú-âöâáèFÞìâFöî-â7ù™ëµùøÞGùFí¤âîêé.Þ9ïá;ïðêì<ê

ýý

øÞùêöÞ9ïì@Þõ2ú-âõù™áÞ9í¤âúˆä<6#ì@Þì+öáï.úàù™öÞ9ïì@ïì°î-ï:ñ

ý

áïßá8êè\í¤âîêé.Þ9ïá ÞGõˆùîêáêù™öâá8Þ=âú;êìú2ùøêõõÞâú3íêõâúÂïìÂïíõâáéâú

ý

@BADCFEG>HIKJMLONQPRC7A5CSEG>HITJMLUA5VRJWVGXYEAZ[C\ZM]^XYZ[CSEA5C`_aZ[_bVRGYcdGX>_aEAZ[C7eQAEfgA5C<J:hbHZMiMH'JMj<kmlaZMHEfaG

H'GV_bLEVhgHGVGCSEGn"A5CWEfbADVEfaGVA5VoaEfaG%LGCaiMEf<ZM]pEfbG%A5CSEG>HITJML$A5V*JMVV_gjqGnEZ1rGts>u1jtA5L5L5AZ[C

ADCbVEH'_bXYEA5Z[CbV>k

@vhwfbJMVGMNPxhwfbJMVGtA5VyJ"VG>E%ZM]*A5CFEG>H'ITJML5VmeQAEfbA5CzJ"hbHZMiMH'JMj<{|VmGYcdGX>_aEAZ[C9EfbJKEyfbJ}IMG:V'A5j1A5L5JKH

rGfbJ}I`A5ZMHo~HG>i[JKH'nbLGV'VqZM]EGjqhZMH'JML*JMnTJMXYGCbXY€Mk‚^VVGCSEA5JML5L€veQfbJKE1EfgA5V1jqGJMCbVƒA5V1EfgJKEƒJ

hwfbJMVGmX>JMC<H'GJKhbhGJKHQjy_gLEAhgLGREA5jqGV*EfaHZ[_ai[fWEfaG%hbHZMiMH'JMj{|V*GYc`GX>_aEA5Z[Ck

@B„^fbJMVG†…$H'JMX'‡`ADCaiƒJMCbnzˆ~L5JMV'VA‰gX>JKEAZ[CŠN^„‹fgJMVGy…ŒH'JMX‡dA5Cai:JMCbn\ˆL5JMVVA‰wX>JKEAZ[CrbHGJK‡dVRnaZ}eQC\J

hgHZMiMH'JMj{|V4A5CFEG>H'ITJML5V~ZM]pGYcdGX>_aEAZ[C"ADCFEZqhgfgJMVGVeQAEfV'A5j1A5L5JKH~rGfbJ}I`AZMH}k

@B„^fbJMVG„HGngA5XYEAZ[CN*„^fbJMVG„HGnbADXYEAZ[C"naG>EG>HŽj1A5CaGV4eQfbJKERhgfbJMVG†EfaGCaGYcdERA5CSEG>HIKJML$e4A5L5LŠrG

iMH'Z[_ahGn<A5CSEZqrgJMVGnZ[CEfbGmhgfbJMVGrGfbJ}I`A5ZMHEfbJKEQfbJMVrG>GC<VG>GC<A5CEfaGhwJMVE>k

U‘2“’ ”W•–K—“˜9”™›š2˜[œ‚ž—“– ŸM¡F—›¢£2Ÿ[—›š$¤¦¥z¤•™O§–K—“–

¨

Cv©ªsMsY«›o¬afaG>HeZSZdnog„pG>HGL5jtJMC"JMCbn7ˆ~JML5naG>HQfgJIMGXYZ[jqG†_bh<eQAEf­JtVEJKEA5X%EGX'fbCgA5®S_bGmEZ

nbAIdA5naGhbH'ZMiMH'JMj1VmA5CSEZ<hgfgJMVGV>o$rwJMVGn¯Z[C¯°~JMVADXt°~LZdX‡zP4CgJML€`V'A5V>k1P±°~JMVA5Xt°~LZdX‡zA5V%JhgAGXYG1ZM]

XYZdnaGEfbJKE*GYcdGX>_aEGV*]²HZ[j³VEJKHEEZ1‰gCbADVfo`eQAEfJqVA5Cbi[LGGCFEH€WJMCbnGYcaAEhZ[A5CSE>k2…*faG]²HG®S_bGCbX>AGV

eQAEfWe4fbA5X'fWrwJMVA5XrgLZdX‡dV*JKHG%GYc`GX>_aEGn­A5CJqhbH'ZMiMH'JMjogA5V_gVGn<JMVQJqj1G>EH'A5XEZtX>LDJMVVA]²€ƒA5CSEG>HIKJML5V

A5CSEZyhwfbJMVGV>k2…*faG4H'JKEAZ[CbJML5G4rGfbA5CgnqEfbA5VA5VEfgJKEEfbG4rGfbJ}I`AZMHZM]$JyhbHZMiMH'JMj´JKEJMCF€ti[AIMGC:hZ[ADCFE

A5V†nbAHGXYEL5€\H'GL5JKEGnvEZ\EfbG:XYZdnaG:EfbJKE†ADV%rGA5Cai"GYc`GX>_aEGnŠk7°~JMVADXƒ°~LZdX‡dV†hbHZ}IdA5naG:_bV†eQAEfžEfbA5V

A5Ca]²ZMH'j1JKEA5Z[CkpPµhbH'ZMiMH'JMjoFe4faGCqH'_bC]²ZMH^JyXYG>HEJMA5CƒJMjqZ[_bCSEZM]EA5jqG*eQADL5LdGYc`GX>_bEG4JmXYG>HEJMADCtC`_bj¶

rG>H*ZM]UrgJMVA5XrwLZ`X'‡`Vk‹·mCaZ eQA5CaiqEfbADVi[AIMGVQ_gV*J1VCbJKhwVfaZMEZM]UEfbJKE4ADCFEG>HIKJML5VGYcdGX>_aEAZ[C"rGfbJIdAZMHk

¨

E‹hbHZ I`ADnaGV‹IKJML5_bJKrwLGQA5Ca]²ZMH'j1JKEA5Z[CqZ[C:eQfaG>HGRA5C1EfaGRXYZ`nbG4EfaG4hbHZMiMH'JMj´A5VVhGCbnbA5CbiA5EV‹EA5j1GMk°^€

XYZ[L5LGXYEADCaiEfaGqrgJMVADXyrwLZ`X'‡\ngA5VEH'Arw_aEAZ[CbVQZM]^E¸e^Z\A5CFEG>H'ITJML5VoE“eZ"VG>hgJKH'JKEGtGYc`GX>_aEA5Z[CžVCbJKhwVfaZMEV

JKHGyZMrbEJMA5CaGnogeQfbA5XŽf<X>JMC"EfbGC<rG%XYZ[jqhgJKH'Gn<EZƒnbG>EG>H'j1A5CaGyfaZ}e¹VA5j1A5LDJKHEfaGmE“eZWA5CFEG>H'ITJML5VQJKHGMk

¨

]ŒEfaGmV'CbJKhgVfaZMEVJKH'GmVA5j1A5LDJKHEfbGCWEfaGVGmE¸e^ZtADCFEG>HIKJML5VVhGCbnWJKrZ[_aEEfaGmV'JMjqG%JMjqZ[_bCSEZM]pEA5jqG

A5CWEfaGyVJMjqGmVGXYEAZ[CgV*ZM]UXYZ`naGMk

°~JMVA5X†°L5Z`X'‡"nbA5VEHŽArg_aEAZ[CJMCgJML€`V'A5V*eZMH‡dVRADC<EfaG†]‘Z[LDLZ}eQADCaitj1JMCbCbG>Hk4…ŒZ:XŽfbJKH'JMXYEG>H'A5º>G

EfaG<hgHZMiMH'JMjo~Jž°~JMVA5X"°L5Z`X'‡v»2GXYEZMHWA5V1XYH'GJKEGnkµP¼°~JMVA5X"°L5Z`X'‡v»2GXYEZMH¯½¾°~°»¿1A5V1J¯V'A5Cai[LG

nbA5j1GCbVAZ[CbJMLA5CSEG>iMG>HJKHH'J€EfgJKE4fbJMV4JMC<GCSEH€]‘ZMH4GJMX'f­rgJMVA5XmrgLZdX‡A5CEfaG%hbHZMiMH'JMjk~…*faG%hbHZK¶

Á

Instruction

Fetch

Exception

rename

Decode, rename, dispatch

Recovery

mispredict

Branch

recovery

head

OOO issue

Execution

Retire

tail

Branch

Predictor

Instruction

Cache

Issue Queue (IQ)

Physical

Register

File

Functional

Units

Free List

Arch

Map

Rename

Map

Shadow

Maps

ROB/

Active

List

ÂUÃÄ[ÅaÆÇ%È`ÉÊÈ`ËÌQÆ'͎ÎbÃÏÇÍYÏÅaƎÐMъÂaÆ'ÐMÒqÇ>ÓÔMÆÕWÖ²ÔMÆQÐt×"Ô`ØaÇ>Ǝ٭ÚdÅaÛÇ>ÆQÚdÍ>ÐMÑ5ÐKÆQ܋ÆÔdÍYÇÝÝÔMÆ

ÛgÐKÆÏÃDÍ>ÅbÑ5ÐKÆ*ÞgÐMÝ'Ã5ÍmÞgÑ5Ô`Í'ÕWÃDÙ<ÏÎadžÍYÔMÆÆÇÝÛÔ[ÙbØbÃDÙaÄ1Ã5ÙSÏÇ>ÆßTÐMћÉ*Ì~Ï4ÏÎaÇyÇÙbØ<ÔMÖ2ÇÐM͎ÎzÃ5ÙSÏÇ>ÆßTÐMћàbÏÎadžÞgÐMÝÃ5Í

ÞgÑÔdÍÕqßMÇÍYÏÔMÆÖ²ÔMÆ~ÏÎbÐKÏ~Ã5ÙFÏÇ>Æ'ßTÐMÑÃ5ÝÙaÔMÆ'Ò1ÐMÑ5Ã5á>ÇØ1Þ`â1ØbÃßdÃ5ØbÃ5ÙaÄÇÐM͎ÎWÇÑÇÒqÇÙSÏ^Þ`âqÏÎaÇRÏÔMÏÐMÑÝÅbÒãÔMÖ$ÐMÑ5Ñ

ÇÑÇÒqÇÙSÏÝÃ5Ù"ÏÎaÇßMÇÍYÏÔMÆÉ%ä*ÎbÃDÝ*Ä[ÃßMÇÝÅbÝRÐ:ÛbÆÔMÛÔMÆÏÃÔ[Ù"ÔM֍ÏÎaÇÞgÐMÝÃDÍmÞgÑÔdÍÕ"ÇYå`ÇÍ>ÅaÏÃ5Ô[ÙÉyæÙbÍYdžÏÎaÇ

ç~ÐMÝÃ5Íç~ÑÔdÍÕ:è2ÇÍYÏÔMÆ'Ý4֑ÔMÆ*ÐMÑ5ÑÏÎbÇmÃ5ÙFÏÇ>Æ'ßTÐMÑ5ÝÎgÐMÝÞÇ>ÇÙÍYÔ[Ñ5ÑÇÍYÇ>ÏØàbÃÏ*ÃDÝ^ÛÔ[ÝÝ'ÃÞgÑÇRÏÔ1ÍYÔ[ÒqÛgÐKÆÇ%ÏÎaÇÒà

ÐMÙbØzÍ>Ñ5ÐMÝ'ÝÃÖ²âÏÎaÇÒéÃ5ÙSÏÔÛgÎbÐMÝÇÝ>ÉyÂpÃ5Ä[ÅaÆÇ1È`ÉÊÈWÝÎaÔ ÓQÝÏÎaÇqÐKÆ'Í'ÎgÃÏÇÍYÏÅaÆ'ÐMÑUÖ²Æ'ÐMÒqÇ>ÓÔMÆÕ"ÔMÖ~ÐWÒqÔdØaÇ>Æ'Ù

ÝÅaÛÇ>Æ'Ý'Í>ÐMÑ5ÐKÆÛbÆÔdÍ>ÝÝÔMÆÉqÂUÃÄ[ÅaÆ'ÇtÈ`ÉÊêØaÇÝÍYÆ'Ã5ÞÇÝÎbÔ}ÓëÞgÐMÝ'Ã5ÍÞgÑÔdÍÕ7ØbÃ5ÝÏƎÃÞgÅaÏÃÔ[ÙgÝ*Ö²ÔMÆ%Ã5ÙSÏÇ>ÆßTÐMÑDÝmÃ5ÙzÐ

ÛbÆÔMÄMƎÐMÒÐKÆdžÍYÔ[Ñ5ÑÇÍYÏÇØ\֑Æ'Ô[ÒÐtÒtÃ5ÍYÆÔ[ÐKÆ'͎ÎbÃÏÇÍYÏÅaÆ'ÐMьÝÏÐMÙbØaÛÔ[Ã5ÙSÏÞ`â<ÅbÝÃ5ÙaÄ1ЃÝÅaÛÇ>Æ'ÝÍ>ÐMÑDÐKÆ*ÛbÆÔdÍYÇÝíì

ÝÔMÆÉ4ÚaÃ5ÙbÍYÇmÔ[ÙbÑ5â:ÞwÐMÝÃ5ÍÞgÑ5Ô`Í'Õ:ÛgÆÔMîgÑÇÝÔM֍ÃDÙFÏÇ>ÆßKÐMÑ5Ý4ÐKÆÇyÙaÇ>ÇØbÇØàwÐ:ÝÃ5ÒqÛwÑÇÝÅaÛÇ>Æ'ÝÍ>ÐMÑ5ÐKÆ4Ö²ÅgÙbÍYÏÃÔ[ÙbÐMÑ

ÝÃ5҆ÅbÑ5ÐKÏÔMÆ~Í>ÐMÙ:ÞÇQÇÒqÛgÑ5Ô}âMÇØzï¾ÐMÝÔMÛbÛÔ[ÝÇØtÏÔqÅbÝ'Ã5ÙaÄ%ІÏÃ5Ò1ÃDÙaÄ%ÝÃ5҆ÅbÑ5ÐKÏÔMÆYðŽÉUäQÎaÇ4ç~ÐMÝÃ5Íç~ÑÔdÍÕt܋ÆÔKì

îgÑÇ>ÆRÔMÞbÏÐMÃ5ÙgÝÞgÐMÝÃ5ÍyÞgÑÔdÍÕ"ÃDÙa֑ÔMƎÒ1ÐKÏÃÔ[٭֑ÆÔ[ÒñÏÎaÇqÍYÔ[ÒqÛwÃ5ÑÇ>ÆÐKÏmÍYÔ[ÒqÛgÃ5ÑdžÏÃ5ÒqÇMÉmÌ~ÏƎÅbÙ"ÏÃDÒqÇMàÏÎaÇ

ÝÅaÛÇ>Æ'Ý'Í>ÐMÑ5ÐKÆÖ²ÅgÙbÍYÏÃÔ[ÙbÐMÑ2ÝÃDÒyÅbÑDÐKÏÔMÆmÛbÆÔ ß`Ã5ØbÇÝÏÎaÇtç~ÐMÝÃ5ÍtçÑ5Ô`Í'Õ7܋ÆÔMîgÑÇ>Æ}à$ÜòóÃDÙa֑ÔMƎÒ1ÐKÏÃÔ[ÙzÐKÞÔ[ÅaÏ

Ç>ßMÇ>Æâ:ÍYÔ[Ò1Ò1ÃÏÏÇØÃ5ÙgÝÏÆ'ÅbÍYÏÃÔ[يɌô/ÃÏ΃ÏÎaÇÎaÇÑÛ:ÔM֊ÏÎaÇÞgÐMÝÃ5ÍQÞgÑÔdÍÕtÃDÙa֑ÔMƎÒ1ÐKÏÃÔ[كÛbÆÔ}ßdÃ5ØaÇ؃Þ`â1ÏÎaÇ

÷Yø[ù1ù1ú5ûûüý­ú5þgÿûb÷Yûúø[þ bú5ÿQþbùüQú5ÿ4ûaüþbÿüýMÿMþ­úDþbýaü<ú5þSûøtûaüMÿ'ú5÷ød÷2ü÷Yûø

Mþbýtûaü4÷Yø'üÿø[þbýbú5þüþSû 1ú5ÿ^ú5þb÷üù1üþFûüý!" ø[þaü#dú5þbýgú5÷Kûú5þû$Kû~÷Yø[þSûø%&'Mÿ(ü)M÷*aüý:ûbú5ÿ

'MÿúD÷+'ød÷:ø[þb÷Yü

BASIC BLOCK VECTOR (BBV)

Number of entries in a BBV basic blocks in an application

If # basic blocks = n, then size of BBV = n

Super Scalar Architecture with Static Phase Classification

Basic Block Current

information inst PC

(Compile (Run Time)

Time)

index into corresponding basic block in BBV (Run Time)

0 1 2 … … … n-2 n-1

Compiler support

for basic block

profiling

information

Basic Block

Profiler

Super Scalar

Functional

Simulator

Basic Block Vector

,.-0/%123546879;: 2*<=$-0>3)<>1$2?@A,2?BC3DE2FHGIE2J>=3LK>?M>-N<POQ=$?R35ST2*?<FU-NV/W?V$XZY@N?RR-0['<?M>-0E%V

KU<*=3)BC3

YE%BC\'?M2*-NV/^]?R-N<_]@0E<Fa`b3)<>E2RC-NRXE%V3!c"da<?@N<1'@N?M>-NV/3)-0>=32e>=$3_fQ1$<@N-NX3)?VgX$-NRih

>?V$<3!E2j>=3!k?V$=$?M>>?VlX$-NR>?V$<36!Sm=3nfo1'<@N-NX3)?VpX$-qR>?V$<3n<?Vpcr3CGsE%1$V$Xpcd>23)?M>-NV/^3)?<*=

t

3)<>E2 ?Ru?AR-NV$/%@03 \rE%-NV">-qV!vwhxX$-NBn3)V$R-0E%V$?@&R\'?<36oS =3X'-NR>?V$<3cr3>xD33)Vy>xDEC\zE%-qV{>R-NRR-NBC\&@0d

>=3CR|1$?M23C2EE>+EGQ>=$3AR1$B}EGR|1$?M23)R)6Sm=3nk?V$=$?M>>?VaX'-NR>?V$<3AE%VJ>=3CE>=32j='?V$XJ-NR+>=3

X$-NR>?V$<3Acz3>~DQ33)Va>xDE^\rE%-NV{>R+-0Go>=3CE%V$@0d^\&?M>=$R+dE%1a<?Vp>?MF3?M23\&?M2?@N@03)@€>E>=3C?‚U3)R6CSm=$-NR

=$?Ro>=3 ?X

t

?V{>?M/3+>=$?M>-0>bD3)-0/%=$RoX'-„ƒz323)V$<3)Ro-NVn3)?<=_X$-NBC3)V$R-0E%VCBCE23 =$3)?

t

-N@0d^…scr3)-NV/j<@0E%R32-NV

>=3+hxX$-NBC3)V'R-0E%VyXE3)RmVE>u/3>mdE%1?V{dy<@0E%R32 -qVy>=3†d{hxX'-NBC3)V$R-NE%V&‡*6bSm=3jk?V'=$?M>>?VX$-qR>?V$<3

-NR<E%BC\'1>3)X_cdR1$BBn-NV/j>=$3?Mc'RE%@N1>3

t

?@N1$3wEG>=$3w3)@03)Bn3)V{>ihˆD -qR3R1c$>2?<>-0E%V_EG>~DQE

t

3)<>E2R)6

‰Š>D?RuGsE%1$V$X_-NVp‹„Œ)4‚Ž>=$?M> k?V$=$?M>>?V^X$-qR>?V$<3)Ru?<<12?M>3)@Nd23\$23)R3)V{>3)Xy>=$3jX$-„ƒr323)V$<3)R-NV_>=3

]?R-N<n]@0EU<Fp`b3)<>E2*R?V'Xg=3)V$<3!-NR†>=3!\$23Gs3223)XpBC3>=EUXaDw=3)Va<E%BC\'?M23)Xg>E^>=$3!fo1'<@N-NX3)?V

•p–—N˜$™%š0›˜"œ$žr›ŸCžr› x¡››)˜£¢a•˜$¤£¥£¦s›)•§*¨L©©ª«¨$•–Cžr››)˜5˜¬Ÿn•šq—0­›)¤P ¬g–œ$® ¬£¯“°y±£²m¨$—N–

˜œ$ežr›Ÿ§•˜ ¨›)˜žr›œ$–›)¤^ ¬y§¬%C³'•MŸ›¨¬“¡;§š0¬%–›)šN´_Ÿ›)šN•M ›)¤ ~¡Q¬—N˜" ›ŸµM•šN–m¬¶b›·U›)§œ —0¬%˜J•MŸ› ¬

¬%˜›e•˜$¬ ¨›Ÿ)±(¸Š¶’ ¨$›e¹•˜$¨'•M  •˜¤$—N– •˜$§›e—N–u§š0¬%–›Ÿm ¬¢Uº$ ¨›—N˜{ ›Ÿµ‚•šN–m ›)˜$¤ ¬nžr›j–—N—NšN•MŸ)ºU•˜$¤

—0¶’ ¨›jµM•šNœ›)–m•MŸ›j§šN¬%–›Ÿ  ¬!¥C ¨›)˜ ¨›´_ ›)˜$¤ ¬nžr›j¤$—0»z›Ÿ›)˜" ±

©•–—N§©šN¬§¼nªb›)§ ¬Ÿ •˜$•š0´U–—N–Q¡•–Q½'Ÿ– Q—q˜{ Ÿ¬U¤$œ$§›)¤_—N˜¾„¯¯¿—N˜n¬Ÿ¤$›Ÿ ¬½'˜$¤_–›)§ —0¬%˜'–Q¬¶

§¬U¤›A ¨$•M †§š0¬%–›)š0´Ÿ›³$Ÿ›)–›)˜"  ¨›A›·›)§œ —N¬%˜p–›)À"œ$›)˜$§›A¬¶o ¨›A›)˜" —0Ÿ›A³$Ÿ¬™Ÿ•^±j²m¨$—N–—N–žr›)§•œ$–›

¤› •—NšN›)¤!–—qœ$šq•M —0¬%˜n¬¶T•˜!›)˜" —0Ÿ›žz›)˜'§¨$n•MŸ¼C •M¼›)–u•š0¬ ¬¶³$Ÿ¬§›)––—N˜™e³r¬Á¡Q›Ÿ•˜$¤_ —NC›±o¶s ›)˜

 —NC›)–AŸ›)–›)•MŸ§¨$›)–n–—Nœ$šN•M ›y¬%˜$š0´Ã•³'•MŸ C¬¶  ¨$›³$Ÿ¬™Ÿ•Ä¦s¶s¬Ÿn›·•C³'š0›y ¨›½$Ÿ*– A¥ž&—NšNšN—0¬%˜l—N˜UÅ

– Ÿœ'§ —0¬%˜$–*°(—N˜C¬Ÿ¤›Ÿ ¬A–³r››)¤œ³! ¨› ³$Ÿ¬§›)––)±.©œ  ¨›–—Nœ$šN•M ›)¤–›)§ —0¬%˜!¤$¬"›)–˜¬ Q˜$›)§›)––•MŸ—NšN´

Ÿ›³$Ÿ›)–›)˜{ C ¨$›_›·U›)§œ —0¬%˜£žz›)¨'•)µU—0¬ŸC¬¶  ¨›³'Ÿ¬™Ÿ•±ÃÆp›¨$•“µ›–››)˜P¶sŸ¬%Ä¾„¯¢¿u ¨$•M n¤$—0»z›Ÿ›)˜" 

³'•MŸ –o¬¶r ¨›m³$Ÿ¬™Ÿ*•Ç¨$•“µ›w¤$—„»r›Ÿ›)˜" (›·U›)§œ —0¬%˜nžr›)¨$•“µ—N¬Ÿ–±(Ȭj¡› ˜››)¤n ¬½'˜$¤C–›)§ —N¬%˜$–o¬¶Ž§¬U¤›

—N˜y ¨›e³$Ÿ¬™Ÿ•É ¨'•M m¡ —NšNšz•§§œŸ•M ›)šN´Ÿ›³$Ÿ›)–›)˜" m§¬%C³'šN› ›j³$Ÿ¬™Ÿ•Êžz›)¨'•)µU—0¬Ÿ)±

¸Š˜Ë¬Ÿ¤$›Ÿ_ ¬5¤› ›Ÿ*n—N˜› ¨›)–›p–›)§ —0¬%˜'–y¬¶§¬U¤›º†È¨›Ÿ¡¬"¬U¤Žº ̀›Ÿ›)šN•˜Ë•˜'¤WÍu•šN¤›Ÿ

—N˜" Ÿ¬U¤$œ$§› ¨›p˜¬ —0¬%˜Ë¬¶•P²€•MŸ™› ^©•–—N§p©š0¬U§¼Lªb›)§ ¬ŸÃ¦Î²m©©Qªj°*± ²m¨'—N–!—q–_˜$¬ ¨$—N˜™Ãž'œ _ ¨›

˜¬Ÿ•šN—0­›)¤pž'•–—N§Až'š0¬U§¼J›·U›)§œ —0¬%˜a¶sŸ›)Àœ›)˜$§—0›)–j¬¶u ¨›n›)˜" —0Ÿ›n³$Ÿ¬™Ÿ•±y²m¨$•M e—N–)º ¨›!—q˜{ ›ŸµM•š

š0›)˜™ ¨£¶I¬Ÿ! ¨›²€•MŸ™› !©•–—N§©šN¬§¼5ªb›)§ ¬Ÿ_—N–n ¨›š0›)˜™ ¨£¬¶ ¨$›^›)˜{ —NŸ›^³$Ÿ¬™Ÿ*•±Ï²m¨$›•—N

¬¶ ¨›^– œ$¤´Ã—N–A ¬a½'˜'¤Ã•p©•–—q§©šN¬§¼Ãªb›)§ ¬Ÿ! ¨$•M §š0¬%–›)š0´ln•M §*¨›)–n ¨$› •MŸ™› !©©ª±Q²m¨$—N–

¡ —Nšqšu ¨›)˜ÏŸ›³$Ÿ›)–›)˜" _ ¨$•M _–›)§ —0¬%˜Ë¬¶j ¨›³$Ÿ¬™Ÿ•Ð ¨$•M y§š0¬%–›)š0´£n•M §*¨›)–§¬%C³'šN› ›³$Ÿ¬™Ÿ•

›·U›)§œ —0¬%˜žr›)¨$•)µU—0¬Ÿ)±+²m¨›Ÿ›¶s¬Ÿ›ºr ¨›A²’•MŸ™› +©•–—q§©š0¬U§¼ªb›)§ ¬Ÿe—N–§¬%C³'•MŸ›)¤¡ —0 ¨ ¨›C©•–—N§

©š0¬U§¼ªb›)§ ¬Ÿ–†¬¶•šNš.—N˜{ ›Ÿµ‚•šN–+—N˜ ¨›A³$Ÿ¬™Ÿ•±² ¨›C—N˜{ ›Ÿµ‚•š. ¨$•M †§š0¬%–›)š0´n•M §*¨›)–j§¬%C³&š0› ›

³$Ÿ¬™Ÿ*•É›·›)§œ$ —0¬%˜^¡ —qšNšzžz›† ¨$›j¬%˜›j ¨$•M ¨$•–u ¨›š0›)•– w¹•˜$¨$•M  •˜¤$—N– •˜'§›†¡ ¨›)˜^§¬%C³&•MŸ—N˜™

—0 u¡ —N ¨y ¨›e²€•MŸ™›  ©•–—N§j©š0¬U§¼yªb›)§ ¬Ÿ+•˜$¤^¨›)˜'§›j—N– ¨›j¬%˜›e ¨$•M  ˜››)¤$–m ¬nžr›j–—Nœ$šN•M ›)¤Ž±

Ñ.ÒIÑbÒIÑ ÓpÔ(ÕÖT×ËØ&Õ%Ù~ÚUØrÛ~ÛÝÜHÞ_ßoØzà{ØrÚÕá$à"وâ$ÙxãoäÏå Øzà{äáÏæ.ÚU؎ۈáÃçà%ÖTäà%ØŽ× èyá'ß(Ø$ébÙxÖà

Æ˗N ¨ ¨›¨$›)š0³^¬¶b©©Qª+–—0  —N– ³z¬%––—0ž'š0›+ ¬_•˜$•š0´­›j³$Ÿ¬™Ÿ•êžr›)¨$•)µU—0¬Ÿw•˜'¤¨›)˜$§›¤$—N–iÅ

§¬“µ›Ÿu§¬%nn¬%˜³'•M  ›Ÿ*˜$–( ¨$•M QŸ›³r›)•M o¬Áµ›ŸQ ¨›§¬%œŸ–› ¬¶Ž³$Ÿ¬™Ÿ•Ç›·›)§œ —N¬%˜Ž±b¸Š˜•¤$¤$—0 —0¬%˜n ¨›Ÿ›

—N–•šN–¬C•A˜››)¤_¶s¬Ÿm§šN•––—0¶s´U—N˜™e ¨$›)–›+³'•M  ›Ÿ˜$–u–¬A ¨$•M  ¨$—q–—q˜¶I¬Ÿ*n•M —0¬%˜_§•˜yžz›+œ$–›)¤_¶s¬Ÿuµ‚•MŸ*—0¬%œ$–

¬³$ —N—0­)•M —0¬%˜$–±.²m¨›Ÿ›¶I¬Ÿ›º ¬e½&˜$¤C¬%œ ¨¬“¡Ë—N˜{ ›Ÿµ‚•šN–o¬¶r›·›)§œ —N¬%˜Ÿ›)šq•M ›  ¬e›)•§*¨_¬ ¨›Ÿ•©•–—N§

ð$ñNòóôõ$ö÷†ør÷óxù÷÷)õúôòñNö†úû0üUöýyþb÷)öóüÿ†ôMó ñNõ"ó÷ÿMôûôõ$ð^úôòñNöjúû0üUöýyþb÷)öóüÿ†ôMó ñNõ"ó÷ÿMôû iõ

üÿð÷ÿóüÿü^òñnñNûqôMÿQñNõ"ó÷ÿMôûNòñNõ{óüCô$ôò÷+ôó÷)ö$õ$ñ÷†öôûNû0÷)ðû'òó÷ÿñNõñNò$ò÷)ð û$òó÷ÿ

ñNõð$ññNð$÷)òôò÷ó†ü rü%ñNõ"óò†ñNõ"óü!ÿü'òeò$ö"aó$ôMó#rü%ñNõ{óò+ùwñ0ó$ñNõJô$ÿülôMÿ÷nòñnñqûNôMÿ+óü^ü%õ÷

ôõüó÷ÿ!%só÷$C÷óÿñNö&$ò÷)ð'÷ÿ÷_ñNòjø'ôòñNönø'ûNüöý÷(U÷)ö)óñ0ü%õ'sÿ÷*÷)õ$ö(+†ôõ$ð,zü%ñqõ{óòñNõað$ñ.-z÷ÿ÷)õ"ó

ÿü&òôMÿ÷yð'ñ/-z÷ÿ÷)õ{óIÿü ü%õ$÷yôõ$üó÷ÿ*0iõ21î*354 ó÷_öû$òó÷ÿñNõ6C÷ó$üð7$ò÷)ðlùôòAý89C÷)ôõ'ò)

: $ñqòuùôò;$ÿ÷)ö÷)ð$÷)ð^ø$òñNõCÿ*ôõ$ðüêûqñNõ÷)ôMÿ<$ÿü5=i÷)öóñ0ü%õü%õó$÷ð$ôMóô!ò÷ówñNõ'ñ0óñNôûNû. : ÷jÿ÷)ôòü%õ

süÿó'ñNò+ñNò ør÷)öô$ò÷ó$÷Aöü>'û0÷(ñ0ó9^üQó÷Cöû$òó÷ÿ*ñNõ?'ÿüø'û0÷*}ñNõ$öÿ÷)ôò÷)òwùwñ0óó$÷Añqõ$öÿ÷)ôò÷AñNõ

ó÷Aõ@eør÷ÿ ü(ð'ñC÷)õ$òñNü%õ$òA%sü(ó÷ð$ôMóô_ò÷ó+CBûNòü!ó÷eÿ$õ^óñn÷eü(ó÷öû$òó÷ÿ*ñNõôû.üÿ*ñ0ó

ñNòjð'ñ0ÿ÷)öóû.pð÷)r÷)õ$ð÷)õ"ó†ü%õaó$÷!õeør÷ÿjümð'ñC÷)õ$òñNü%õ$ò)?DüÿAöû$òó÷ÿñNõ^úúþò*E€ó$÷!õeør÷ÿjü

ð$ñn÷)õ$òñ0ü%õ$òñNòuó$÷jõ@ør÷ÿuü’ø&ôòñNö+ø'û0üUöýUò)FDüÿ ó÷j÷(Gz÷ÿ*ñC÷)õ"óôûŽð$ôMóô>$ò÷)ðñqõ01î*354 ó÷jõH

ør÷ÿuü’ø&ôòñNöø'û0üUöýUòuÿôõ÷)ò<Iÿü 3IKJL óü îï3 EïMN : $ñNòuñNòüøUñ0ü$òû.!ô÷ÿyûNôMÿ÷†ùüÿýñqõCò÷ó

ôõ$ðaöôõ'õüójør÷Aüz÷ÿ*ôMó÷)ðaü%õ>Owôõ$ðüQP’ñNõ÷)ôMÿSR(ÿü5=i÷)öóñ0ü%õgñNò†ó÷ÿ÷)süÿ÷>$ò÷)ðpóüöÿ÷)ôMó÷_ôõ÷ù

û0üÁùTxð$ñC÷)õ'òñ0ü%õ$ôû€ò'ôö÷nñNõ"óüùU$ñqö"ùQ÷'ÿü5=i÷)öó†ó$÷nð$ôMóôG>O ôõ$ð$üVPTñNõ÷)ôMÿ#Roÿü5=i÷)öóñNü%õpø$ÿ÷)ôMýUò

ðüÁù õnó÷wð$ôMóôò÷óQñqõ{óüû0ü“ù÷ÿQð$ñC÷)õ$òñ0ü%õ'ôûNñ0ó9eù ñ0óüóQö"$ôõ%ñqõjó÷U'õ$ð÷ÿû.UñNõC$ÿür÷ÿóñN÷)ò(ôõ$ð

òññNûNôMÿñ0óWñNõsüÿ"nôMóñNü%õ!ó$÷eð$ôMóônöôMÿÿ"

úôòñNöúûNüöýjþb÷)öóüÿoôõ$ôû.UòñNò’ùôòX'ò÷)ðeóüZY'õ'ðeôõAñNõ"ó÷ÿ‚ôûñNõó÷[$ÿüÿôHó$ôMó.öû0ü%ò÷)û.

ÿ÷)$ÿ÷)ò÷)õ{óòeó÷öü&û0÷ó÷>$ÿüÿ*ô ør÷*$ô*Uñ0üÿ*?Šõ\1î*3K4 E’ó$ñqòjñNò#]ÿó÷ÿjñ$ÿü^÷)ðaøüø$óôñqõ$ñNõ

$û0óñ.'ûN÷jòñ$ûNôMóñ0ü%õ$rü%ñNõ"óò_%Îñ`÷;_$ûNóñ.'û0÷†ñNõ"ó÷ÿMôûNòmó$ôMó+öû0ü%ò÷)û_ÿ÷)$ÿ÷)ò÷)õ"ówöü&û0÷ó÷A$ÿüÿô

÷(U÷)ö)óñ0ü%õa+T : $ñNò(ñNòQðü%õ÷møCöû$òó÷ÿ*ñNõ†ó÷úôòñNö úû0üUöýAþb÷)öóüÿòuñNõ"óüSÿü'ò)E{ù;÷ÿ÷)ñNõnòñnñNûNôMÿ

ñNõ"ó÷ÿMôûNòQôMÿ÷Cÿür÷)ð_ñqõ{óüó÷†òôC÷†öû$òó÷ÿ*Eôõ'ð_ñqõ{ó÷ÿMôûNòQó$ôMóuôMÿ÷†õüóuòñnñqûNôMÿoóüA÷)ôö"^üó÷ÿ

ôMÿ÷>&ûNôö÷)ðgñNõgð$ñ/-r÷ÿ÷)õ{ójöû$òó÷ÿò)cb üÁù ô^ÿ÷)$ÿ÷)ò÷)õ"óôMóñ.÷_ñNõ{ó÷ÿ"‚ôû Iÿü ÷)ôö"Pöû$òó÷ÿñNò#'ñNöý÷)ð

ôõ$ðË÷(U÷)ö)ó÷)ð : ÷pñNõ"ó÷ÿ‚ôûó$ôMóñNòyöû0ü%ò÷)òóóü5ó÷pö÷)õ{óÿü%ñNð üôPöû$òó÷ÿ^ñNò_ó÷Jü%õ÷Jó$ôMó

öû0ü%ò÷)û7ôMóö"÷)ò!ó÷ør÷*$ôdñNüÿnü†ó$ôMó!öû$òó÷ÿ!ôõ'ðe÷)õ$ö÷ñNò'ñNöý÷)ðLôò_ôaÿ÷)'ÿ÷)ò÷)õ"óôMóñ.÷fsüÿ

ó$ôMóuöû$òó÷ÿ* güó÷†õ@ør÷ÿQü€ñNõ"ó÷ÿ‚ôûqòQó'ôMóõ$÷÷)ð!óüAør÷÷(÷)ö)ó÷)ðñNõüÿ*ð÷ÿóüCüø$óôñNõyôAöû0ü%ò÷

ÿ÷)$ÿ÷)ò÷)õ{óôMóñNü%õCüzöü>'û0÷ó÷T$ÿüÿ*ô;ør÷*$ô*Uñ0üÿ(ñNò.÷*$ôûóü†ó÷mõør÷ÿbüzöû'òó÷ÿò.ó÷T$ÿüÿô

$ôòuør÷÷)õ^ð'ñ.ñqð÷)ð!ñqõ{óü

hZikj lnm_oHp<qsr"tvuxwHpTy{z}|~pTt€AroH‚sp<oHƒ„u\~zFƒ>r"tX…r"†;o

ˆ‰Š^‹UŒ#‰ŽKXŽK‘’)ŽK‘.ŠŒˆ“(”‰‘.•‘.’(–G’)‘’—aŽK“)˜"ŒˆŠ™‰Žˆ“—•“*‰Ž*šG‘.Š˜*›Xœ;.‰Šž‰#‰‘ˆŸ‘Œ™ Š˜"¡>ŽK‘.ŠŒ

‘ˆcˆ“)™]`¢‰“)˜“£ŽK˜“£¡Š˜“6ŠŠ˜Œ‘‘.“*ˆŠ¤ŽK.–7Š‘¡>‘.¥*ŽK‘.ŠŒˆ?•Žˆ“*¦§ŠŒx‰Žˆ“6•“*‰Ž*šG‘.Š˜

‘.™#‰Žˆ“¦“)“*’(‘ŠŒ§ŽŒ¦x’)Žˆ"ˆ‘.¨’)ŽK‘.ŠŒ§’)ŽŒ§•“¦ŠŒ“£¦˜‘Œž©˜"Œ\‘¡“6‹U‰“*Œx‰“f˜Šž˜"Ž¡„‘ˆ

“(”G“*’)‘Œž›\ª“*’(‘.ŠŒe«›­¬0¦“*ˆ’(˜"‘.•“*ˆHŽŒ\®ZŒ‘Œ“&¯ ‰Žˆ“°±˜"Ž’²G‘Œž0ŽŒ¦\³Žˆˆ‘¨’)ŽK‘.ŠŒ'ˆ’"‰“*¡>“fŽˆ

˜ŠŠˆ“*¦‘Œf´

‡

¬5µ¶›—œ;¦¦‘.‘.ŠŒŽ.–A‘.FŽˆŠS˜“*ˆ“*Œ@ˆFŽŒ&ŽK˜"’"‰‘“*’(˜“<‰ŽK “)·?’)‘.“*Œ@.–H˜“*¦‘’(ˆ¸a‰Žˆ“

•Žˆ“*¦0˜Šž˜"Ž¡s•{“*‰Ž*šG‘.Š˜SŽˆA‘¡>.“*¡“*Œ@“*¦©‘Œe´

‡

¬5µ¶›!ª“*’(‘.ŠŒ,«›­¬f‘ˆ#¦‘.šG‘¦“*¦£‘Œ@Š‰“™ Š.Š^‹U‘Œž

‰˜“)“Hˆ•aˆ“*’(‘.ŠŒˆ)¢¸¹ ‡dº<»

–GŒŽ¡>‘’_¯ ‰Žˆ“_°±˜"Ž’²G‘Œž¢F¹`« ºU»

–GŒŽ¡>‘’A¯ ‰Žˆ“³TŽˆˆ‘.¨a’)ŽK‘.ŠŒŽŒ¦7¹`¬

º

»

–ŒŽ¡>‘’f¯ ‰Žˆ“f¯ ˜“*¦‘’(‘ŠŒ›2¼X‘ž˜“«›¾½'˜Š^š‘¦“*ˆ?Ž,¡?‘’(˜ŠŽK˜"’‰‘.“*’(˜"ŽU™¿˜Ž¡“)‹ Š˜"²¤™¿Š˜c‰“

ŠŒ‘Œ“¯ ‰Žˆ“°±˜"Ž’²G‘Œž'ŽŒ¦§³Žˆˆ‘.¨’)ŽK‘ŠŒeˆ’"‰“*¡“›ÁÀ?ž‘.š“*ˆcˆ?ŽŒ§‘¦“*Ž0Š™S‰Šd‹Ã‰“fa‰Žˆ“

˜"Ž’"²‘Œž?¡“)‰ŠG¦Š.Šž–$’)ŽŒ•“S‘¡a.“*¡“*Œ@“*¦&ŠŒŽ¡ŠG¦“)˜"Œˆ{“)˜ˆ’)ŽŽK˜˜ŠG’(“*ˆˆŠ˜*›

#instructions in

Branch PC

Instruction

Basic Block

Fetch

Exception

rename

Decode, rename, dispatch

Recovery

mispredict

Branch

recovery

head

OOO issue

Execution

Retire

tail

Branch

Predictor

Instruction

Cache

Issue Queue (IQ)

Physical

Register

File

Functional

Units

Free List

Arch

Map

Rename

Map

Shadow

Maps

ROB/

Active

List

Phase

Tracking and

Classification

Unit

#instructions

Counter

ĸÅ.ÆÇÈÉ$Ê˾ÌÍ?Î;È"Ï"ÐÅÑÉ*Ï(ÑÇÈ"ÒÓ[ÄÈ"ÒÔÉ)Õ[ÖÈ×,Ø ÖÈÑÐÉcÙCÚGÛÒÔ>ÅÏcÜ ÐÒÝÉ&Þ±È"ÒÏ×GÅÛÆ£ÒÛߤàÓÒÝÝ"Å.áÏ)ÒKÑÅ.ÖÛ

å¸æ¿ç—æ9è é©ê—ë ìí§îWï0ðcñFìò5ó7ôCõìï8ö¸îWëF÷

øÂùúû"üý)û<þú?ÿþûý ýý.úûþý ÿúÿcü þûþ.úù úûUýÿû"úù!

ù@þý)û!"# þ${ýúþùý*ü&%(') $ù¿úû"Kþ.úù*"# þ+ý<ÿ(ú,ý*ÿ(þý*ü.-/ý þý0ûú û"1 ¸ûùùù

-/.þú,þ þýý&ú+Hÿ(ú,"..ý)û2%(34 ú* ú,"ý ÿ/5.úÿ6 7"8 ,8þ02ý4 ý-[ý)û)ù þûÿ(þ.úù 9-/ý*ù

ÿ(ú,".Kû"ý*ü,þúúþý)û %;:úþý8 ÿ..úGÿ Aùý)ý*ü þú;ý8-[ý ,ý*ü<ÿ)ÿ(úû"üù þúþý&ù6"ý)ûSú

ù þûÿ(þ.úù 0ù!þý"=%73 ÿ.ú, ýûú>!"8Kþ.úùú?. ÿ.úGÿ@ <þý_ùA"#ý)û<ú$ù þûÿ(þ.úù

ý)þB-[ý)ý*ù8ûùÿý %XøküýCDûùÿý EùHþý/ûú û"F ?-[ý FþýUÿ(ú,ù@þFúþýUù6"ý)ûFú

ù þûÿ(þ.úù (ý)þG- ý)ý*ùHûùÿý 9 —þûÿý*ü&%E') Fÿ(ú,ù@þE ,ý I FþýJ K)ýUúýÿH ÿ).úGÿ. ú

þKþ).þÿù=ý4- ý ,ý*ü=ÿ)ÿ(úû"üù! ,C%9:ùÿ(ýCþý"ý)þûÿCú+ùC 7 I ÿJ.úGÿcü þûþ.úù

úù@þý)ûL [ÿ(úGüýfÿ ÿKþúùM . ý*ü\úùC'úùM-/KþN .ýù! £ýO>Gý*ÿþý*ü&%P')ýÿ ÿLQ

þ.úù@û"úÿ(ý / Tÿ(ú,"..ý)þýCHùûýKþý*ücþúùACHKû"ÿ.þý*ÿ(þûR"ý)þûÿ8STýSÿÿý# úGÿKþ.þBCcúû

ûùÿUûý*üÿ(þ.úùU þûKþý CVùüWý*ùÿ(ý?ÿùWý. ý*üW fÿ(úüý.ûú.ý)û úûLKûC6ù Hùü ;ú

Kû"ü-IKûýùü ú þB-7KûýAúþ"8KKþ.úù %

')ýKûÿ.þý*ÿ(þûý?úTþýcü!CGù"8ÿ* ý>þûÿý)û* úX-UùYù[Z( ,ûý ä %]\6%')ý3Cÿ^Q

ÿ"DKþúû. *6þ.ý@-/.þM_ ä ý*ù@þû.ý HþKþ. þúûý .W "ù úþúUþýcýO>Gý*ÿþ.úùM ý`Aý*ùÿ(ýcú

þýSÿû"ûý*ù8þ0ûúù Dù@þý)ûa%?')ý5 þ)Zúúþbûù@þTþ.ý þúû"ý ) þ05 ýý.úû/ùü=

ùý*ù@þûC= úûUýý)ûC=5 ýSþKþ4 )ý)ý*ùc ý)ý*ù;ùüfûý*ÿ(ú ùK)ý*üc6Ccþý ýAÿ dCù! .Kû"ÿeQ

þý*ÿ(þûý%U')ý@ù!5þ#þú£þýNKû"ÿ.þý*ÿ(þû"ý@ SþýHûùÿ<f7g1ùü,þý$ù6"ý)û_ú/ù þûÿ(þ.úù

ýO>Gý*ÿþý*üW ùÿ(ý_þý* þ/ûùÿh-7 ý)ý*ù&%')ýûùÿhfIgi ;úþùý*üc ûú,"ÃþýD !ý)û ÿKû

 ý)þÿjù.þ%8')ýúùC6úþý)û#üü.þ.úù(ý*ÿ(ý>úIKû"ü!-7Kûý>þKþ Sùý)ý*üý*ü&+ ÿ(ú,ù8þý)û_þKþ

ÿ(ú,ù@þ þýZùA"#ý)û úkù þûÿ(þ.úù ?ý)þG- ý)ý*ù@ûùÿý %?')ý/ûùÿ@f7gl Eû þ ÿ(úùAý)ûþý*üù@þú

?ù6"#ý)û)ý)þB-[ý)ý*ù ã ùü[mon#m55ÿý)þ 4ùüþ 0ý J ý*üfþúNùüýO>@ù@þú?þý#3Cÿ)ÿ"#Kþúû

þ.ý%p$>ý)û"ý*ù@þ /ùjq

ã

_Lr$2ý* ! ý þý*ü6þKþ_

ä

5ÿý)þ Kûý* !s&ÿ.ý*ù8þCþú$ü þù , @ýOQ

þB-[ý)ý*ù85 ý %$p?ý)ûC_ý*ù@þûC.ùHþý)3Cÿ)ÿ"DKþúûFþýUÿ(úù8þù ?#ÿ(ú,ù@þý)ûEý<ÿ(úûû"ý búùüù!

þú.Dÿý)þS úû05 ÿJ.úGÿV%?') [ÿ(ú,ù@þý)û) 7ùÿ(ûý"ý*ù@þý*üWStAC&þý#ùA"ý)û[úkù þûÿ(þ.úù 9ù

þý ÿ/úÿ!VFýý)ûCcþ"ýZÿ(úù8þûú,ý*ù@þý)û þý#ÿ(úûû"ý búùüù! # ÿJ.úGÿu%?')ý3Cÿ)ÿ"#Kþúû

þ.ýJ ý*ü.ùþý4vZùùýIf9 ý/'±ûÿ6ù ùüNg7 ÿKþ.úù. "ÿý"ý4 $ù.ú ú, FþúAþý/w7 ÿ

w7.úGÿHx—ý*ÿ(þúû;þKþ/-I ) ý*ü=ù$þý#:þKþÿfE ý#g0 aÿKþ.úù@ ÿý">ý% øÂþ0 ,ý ) þý ÿ

.úGÿ¤ü þûþ.úùj¿úû&þýÿû"ûý*ù8þûúù! Wù8þý)ûLa% øÂþN"D þ8ýfùúþý*ü\þKþNAC7ûý*üÿù!

þýDûùÿUfIg þú!ùA"#ý)ûJý)þG- ý)ý*ù

ã

ùüW_

ä

~!€c6~‚~ƒ„=…E‚†b€c‡0ˆ‚††ƒ‰5„‚~ƒŠ,‹M†„€Œ.€Ž)!€@‚‹‘Š,Œ’ˆƒ‹!€‚*“ŠL”•€„O~ƒŠ,‹l‚ˆ–Šƒ~Œ—ƒ†.˜†b€‘

~bŠ@€‘˜„O€D~!€.‘ƒŒ8€‹†ƒŠ,‹‚ˆƒ~B™HŠšE~!€.‘‚~‚@†b€~Ž/!€D‚†ƒ‹!–H†„€Œ.€.ƒ†J‚@‘!€–€‹€‚~b€.šdŠŒ›Šš

‚‹‘Š,Œœ“ŠL”•€„O~ƒŠ,‹R$ž‹‘€OŸƒ‹–ƒ‹A~bŠ#~!€ 4„„˜Œ#˜ˆ‚~bŠ7~‚¡ˆ€‚‹‘Nƒ‹„O€Œ.€‹A~ƒ‹!–#~!€4„OŠ€†b“¢Š,‹‘£

ƒ‹!–„OŠ,˜‹¤~b€Dƒ†~!€8Š,‹ˆ™cŠ“¢€‚~ƒŠ,‹W~‚~#‹€€‘†~bŠ;¡¢€.“¢€štŠŒ.€‘UštŠ€¥€™Wƒ‹†b~b˜„O~ƒŠ,‹Wƒ‹W~!€

€OŸ€„˜!~ƒŠ,‹;†€¦A˜!€‹„O€

Accumulator Past Footprints

Branch PC

# Instructions

In Basic Block

H

+

Index

§+¨©,ª!«¬­6®]¯6°9±9²³´b¬µk«³¶·¨¸!©N³¸¹;º7»³´´¨¼¶³½¨¾,¸=¿4¸¨½ÀeÁÂLÃ

Ä(ÅdÆ$ÅdÄ ÇWÈ$ÉEÊ&ËÍÌGÎ[ÏHÐ?Ê&ÑLÒlÓ@ÔÕÊ&ÑÑLÌÕÖIÎÊu×,ÌÕØÙÉ

Ú/Û½b¬«)½²!¬Ü«¾¼»¨¸©#¨¸A½b¬«Ý³»R²³´7¬»³Ü´¬¹&Þ!½²!¬¨¸A½b¬«Ý³»&ß#ª´½0àu¬¶»³´´¨¼¬¹&®$µ)²³½)¨´Þ!¨½

ßDª´b½(ࢬI³»»¾6¶³½b¬¹át¾«$©«¾,ªÜu¬¹uâÙ¨¸¤½b¾³Ü³«½¨¶ª»³«kÜ5²³´b¬®(µ)²¨´k«¬ã6ª¨«¬´(³²¨´b½b¾«ä¾ Û Ü³´½+Ü5²³´b¬

¨¸ Û¾«ß8³½¨¾,¸8å/²¨¶²¨´9´b½b¾«¬¹N¨¸½²!¬4ܳ´b½ Û¾6¾½bÜ«¨¸A½E²¨´b½b¾«ä.½³à»¬®?µ/²!¬ Ú ¶¶ªßDª»³½b¾«IÝL³»ª¬´ Û¾«

³#ܳ«½¨¶ª»³«E¨¸A½b¬«ÝL³»u³«¬J¼«´b½I¶O¾,¸¤Ý¬«½b¬¹=¨¸¤½b¾D³ Û¾A¾½bÜ«¨¸A½ Û¾«I½²!¬¶O¾««¬´bÜ¢¾,¸¹¨¸!©¨¸A½b¬«Ý³»a®$µ)²¨´

é)ê!ë#ì¢ëíbîJíïðñïíê!òî4îêïîóïðcì¢ë#òìîïôð!ëõhôí)îêëDóOò,ö.ñ5÷ëîbëDø4óóùöDù÷ïîbòúîïì÷ë*õïîïUûTïí4îêôí

ïóóù!úïîbë÷üúëñúëíbëð¤îí(îêë7óOòõ!ëIîêïî$ý7ïí(ëOþ6ëóù!îbëõuÿ7ù!î$ôî(ôí(ð!òî$ð!ëóOëííïúü#ïðõ*ôí+ôö.ñúïóOîôóï÷

îbò=íbîbòúë*îê!ë*ëðAîôúë.óOò,ð¤îbëðAîíò9îê!ë.øJóóùöDù÷ïîbòúïíïtòAòîbñúôð¤îíbò@îêïîôîóïðUì¢ëDóOò,ö.ñ5ïúëõ

ý/ôîê@ñ5ïíbîï÷ù!ëí žî)ôí7ëð!ò,ù,ê;îbòíbîbòúë#óOò,ö.ñúëííëõôðtòúö8ïîôò,ðtúò,ö îê!ë#øJóóùöDù÷ïîbòú/îêïî

íbîô÷÷5ñúòôõ!ëí)ï.íðïñíê!òî0ò(îê!ëóOòõ!ëîêïî)ýIïí/ëOþ6ëóùîbëõ

é)êôídò6òîbñúôðAî/óïðcì¢ëóï÷óù÷ïîbëõcì6üóOò,ðóïîbëðïîôð@îê!ëDö.ò,íbî4íô,ðô5óïð¤î/íôeþ=ìôîí)ò

ëïóê<ëðAîbúü[ôðWîê!ëNøJóóùöDù÷ïîbòúDîïì÷ë@é)êôíñúò6ôõëíïLècìAü6îbëhûìôîí=ëðAîbúôëí ç

ìôîí Lèì6ü6îbëíÿtòAòîbñúôðAî$ëð¤îbúü*îêïîIóïð8ì¢ë/íbîbòúëõôð.îêë)ñïíbî!tò6òîbñúôðAîEêôíîbòúü#îïì5÷ë#"ðóOë

îê!ëhøJóóùöDù÷ïîbòúHêïíNìuëëðúëõùóOëõ ôð¤îbòjï$tòAòîbñúôð¤î %0ôîNð!ëëõí8îbò<ì¢ë;óOò,ö.ñïúëõ ý/ôîêñïíbî

tòAòîbñúôð¤îíDíbòhîêïîDîê!ëHóùúúëðAîDôðAîbëú&ï÷9óïðjì¢ëNó÷ïííôëõ<ôðAîbòhïcñêïíbëUé)ê!ëNñïíbîdò6òîbñúôð¤î

êôíîbòúü=îïì÷ëDóOò,ð¤îïôðí4ï'tòAòîbñúôð¤î(dòú4ë ëúüñ5êïíbëDîêïî4êïí/ì¢ëëðhíbëëðUïðõ;úëóOò,ðô)ëõ4é)ê!ë

óù!úúëð¤î*tòAòîbñúôð¤î*ëóOîbòúDôíóOò,ö.ñïúëõ[ý/ôîêhëïóê+dò6òîbñúôðAî,ëóOîbòúDôðhîê!ë.îïì5÷ë-.Eîêëúë8ôíï

ö8ïîóê%AîêëJóù!úúëð¤î?ôðAîbëú&ï÷ôíEó÷ïííôëõ.îbòì¢ë)ôð.îêë/íïö.ëJñêïíbë/ïíEîê!ë)ñïíî#tòAòîbñúôð¤îëóOîbòú

.?îê!ëúë*ôí4ð!òHöïîóê%&îê!ëðUïHð!ëý ñêïíbë*êïí4ì¢ëëðcõëîbëóOîbëõøJðhëðAîbúü/tòú4îêôí4ð!ëý ñêïíbë*ôí

óOúëïîbëõ=ôðîê!ë/ñ5ïíbî0tò6òîbñúôðAî9êôíbîbòúü*îïì÷ëïðõóùúúëðAî0tòAòîbñúôðAîEôíIïííô,ð!ëõNîbòDîêôí?ëðAîbúüEø

ð!ëý21Eêïíë3•õcôíJîê!ëð,ôëðcîbòHîêôí)ñêïíbë(4?þ6ñ¢ëúôö8ëð¤îíJôð65eç87$êïëDíù9ëíbîbëõUîêïî:<;Nôí4ï

úëïíbò,ðïì÷ëðAùöì¢ëú7òÙëðAîbúôëíIîêïî)óïð@ì¢ëíbîbòúëõ=ôðNîê!ëñïíîtò6òîbñúôðAîIêôíbîbòúü8îïì5÷ëôðòúõ!ëú

îbò@õôíbîôð9,ùôíê@ì¢ëîBýIëëðhñêïíbëí>=(ô,ù!úë-?@Híêò2ý/íJîêïîôîJôí/ñ¢ò,ííôì÷ëîbòHóïñîùúëòëú3<;BA ò

îê!ëñúòúïöCoí0ëOþëóù!îôò,ð;ôkýIëîbúïóED@îê!ëîbòñ<;ñêïíbëí0ôð@ëïóêcïññ÷ôóïîôò,ðF5eç<7G

Gî7öDùíbîEì¢ëð!òîbëõHîêïîIHJüðïö8ôó(19êïíbëKJ7÷ïííôLóïîôò,ðôí9ïðï÷òò,ùíIîbò#îê!ëó÷ùíîbëúôð

îbëóêðôLM6ù!ëîêïî0ýIïí)ëö.ñ÷òXüëõ=ôð@îê!ëíbîïîôóñêïíbëó÷ïííô5óïîôò,ð=íóêëö.ë#=!òúöôð.ïdò6òîbñúôð¤î

ò&îê!ë/óùúúëðAî9ôðAîbëú&ï÷ïðõ8óOò,ö8ñïúôð#ôî?ý/ôîêñïíbî!tò6òîbñúôðAîíEôíEíôö8ô÷ïú$îbò-úò,ùñôðôðAîbëú&ï÷í

ôðAîbò.ñêïíbëí#ûtòúJó÷ùíîbëúíÿ9ìïíbëõò,ð=îê!ëó÷ùíbîbëúôð.ï÷òúôîêö

=(ôðõôð9ï@ö8ïîóê[ôðcîêëDñ5ïíbî*dò6òîbñúôðAîêôíbîbòúü=îïì5÷ë*úëMAùôúëíï@óOò,ö.ñïúôíò,ðcò9îê!ë

óù!úúëð¤îNëóOîbòúHý/ôîêMîêë=ñïíbîOëóOîbòúí é0ýIòYôðAîbëú&ï÷í.ò4ëOþ6ëóù!îôò,ðîêïîêïë/ëúü íôö8ô÷ïú

tòAòîbñúôð¤îíóïð[ìuë.óOò,ðíôõ!ëúëõWï=ö8ïîóê[ë ëðYîê!ò,ù,êUîê!ëüUïúë8ð!òîëOþ!ïóOî÷ühëMAùï÷.é)ê!ëúë tòúë%

ïö.ëîbúôó.îêïîDõ!ë ð!ëíó÷ò,íbëð!ëííòúíôö8ô÷ïúôîGü;ì¢ëîBýIëëðFëóOîbòúí*ð!ëëõíîbò;ì¢ë8õ!ë ðëõNé)êôíôí

ð!òîêôð8ìù!îJîê!ë#õôíbîïðóOë#îê!úëíê!ò,÷õ>P6ëîbîôðHïQï÷ù!ëKtòú4îê!ëDõôíbîïðóOëîêúëíê!ò,÷õcð!ëëõíJîbòNì¢ë

UVWYXZ&[]\?^@_?`/aVLb9VLcX9cdbeXfc3gh[ Zij(kml9nop[oq&l9n<qOb[ [rsqpi$gh[t n<k9q&XZE[rsu[ ZEo&X9oq&l[]ncOiYX9bBqNij

k9Z&iWZncv[xw?[t X9q&ViYb]q&l[ yztxiu[ ZN{}|~<

Vj!q&l9[rfVLopq&nb9tx[q&lZ&[o&l9iY€LrVLo*op[ q*qpieigh[qpiei]l9VLWYl‚mq&l9[b$VLbBqp[ ZEu8n€Lo,ƒ>VLq&lr9V„…[ Z&[beq*gh[l9nu†ViZ*ƒ>VL€L€

gh[Qt €Lno&oEV‡9[rFVLbeqpi/q&l9['o&ncN['kfl9nop[^ˆ‰b+oEX9tEl6n/t nop[zn<k9kf€y†VLbWikfq&VLcOVŠn<q&ViYbfo:qpi‹n/kfl9nop[Qq&l9n<q

l9nou<n<Z&y†VLbW‹g…[lfnu†ViZ-ƒ(Vq&l9VLbŒVq&op[€jcQVWYlBqk9ZEiu[]r[ qpZEVcN[bBq&n€G^$ˆ.bŒiZEr[ ZNqpi$opqpZVŽ[ngmn€Lnb9tx[

gh[ qƒ[ [bq&l9[]qƒi‚nFr9VLo&q&nb9tx[]q&lZ&[oEliY€Lr‘ijN|]cOV€L€LViYbsl9noQg…[ [bop[ qQVLb‘q&l9[/o&VLcX9€Ln<q&ViYbsZX9b9o ^

’ iYb9oEVLr[ ZEVLb9WQq&l[j“ntxqKq&l9n<q:[ntEl+VLbBqp[ ZEu8n€l9no:n€L[bWq&lij(| ”]cQVL€L€LViYb•‚mnr9VLo&q&nb9tx[q&lZ&[o&liY€rij

|QcQVL€L€LViYb$Vb9r9VLt n<qp[o3q&l9n<qnr9V}„h[ Z&[b9tx[QVbFq&l['kfl9nop['g…[lfnu†ViZ3ƒ>V€L€gh['r[ qp[txqp[rsVj:| ”B–—ij˜q&l[

[xw†[t Xqp[r/VLbfopqpZEX9txq&ViYbfon<ZE[3VLbr9V}„h[ Z&[beq˜k9Z&ikhiZ&q&ViYbfo ^

™šœ›šœ› $žŸ# ¡£¢R¤F¥¦! §8¨Œ¥'©Y¨fª0¢¤?«Y¢G¬­Ÿ

® l9VLoop[txq&ViYbr9[o&txZEVgh[oliƒ¯kflfnop[:t €Lno&o&V‡mt n<q&ViYb'VbjœiZcOn<q&ViYbzt nbzgh[,X9o&[r'qpiNkfZ&[r9VLtxq

q&l[-kfl9nop[‚mq&l[-b[xw†q,k9Z&i‡f€LVbWNVLbBqp[ ZEu8n€­ƒ>VL€L€hgh[-t €no&o&V‡9[r/VLbBqpi^˜ˆ.q(Vo>VLcNkhiZ&q&nbeqj°iZ,XfoqpiŽ?biƒ

kfl9no&[#tEl9nb9W[o ‚Yopi>q&lfn<q­ƒ[0t nbn<k9kf€y*ik9q&VLcQVŠn<q&ViYb9ogmnop[r3iYb3q&l[#kml9nop[!ƒ[#ƒ>V€L€<qpZEnb9o&VLq&ViYb3VLbeqpi^

¶·Q¸ ¹ºF»h· ¼&½°¾¼E¿À¹<¼&·Á ´Â*Ã(Ä ¹<»9Å&ÆLºÇÅ&È·OÉEÆÊ ·O¾½Å&È· Ä ¹<Å&¹]¸ ¹¸È·ÁË Â:Ì,Í ºf¹¿OÆL¸»9¼&¾†¸x·É&Ép¾¼3¶>Æ Ä Å&È ¹ Ä ¹<»9Å&¹<Å&ÆL¾Yº/¹º Ä Ép¾O¾YºÎϲÆLÇYм&·3Ë?ÎÒÑNÉEȾ¶>É(Ⱦ¶ÓÅ&È·3Ô0È9¹Ép·3Ô#¼&· Ä ÆL¸xÅ&ƾYº/É&¸EÈ·¿O·3ÆLºeÅp· ¼E¹¸xÅ&É>¶(ÆÅ&È]¹ ¿N¾ Ä

· ¼EºÉ&лh· ¼EÉ&¸ ¹Õ¹<¼­»9¼&¾†¸x·É&Ép¾¼¹º

Ä Å&È·IÔ#Èf¹Ép·˜Ö˜ÕL¹É&É&Æ×m¸ ¹<Å&ƾYºØ¸EÈ·¿N· Ä ·É&¸x¼ÆÙh· Ä ÆLº-Å&È·»9¼&· چƾYÐ9É Ép·¸xÅ&ƾYº•Î˜ÛRÅ(ÇYÆÚ·É(ÐfÉ>¹Q¿QÆL¸x¼&¾Y¹<¼E¸È9ÆÅp·¸xÅ&мE¹Õ­Ú?ÆL· ¶Ü¾½!Ⱦ¶ÜÅ&È·Ô#È9¹Ép·Ô!¼&· Ä ÆL¸xÅp¾¼(¸ ¹ºÙh·3¿N¾ Ä ·ÕLÕ· Ä

¾YºÅp¾»¾½²¹OÉEлh· ¼EÉ&¸ ¹ÕL¹<¼˜»9¼E¾?¸x·É&É&¾¼Î

Classified

Phase Id

#instructions in

Branch PC

Instruction

Basic Block

Fetch

Exception

rename

Decode, rename, dispatch

Recovery

mispredict

Branch

recovery

head

OOO issue

Execution

Retire

tail

Branch

Predictor

Instruction

Cache

Issue Queue (IQ)

Physical

Register

File

Functional

Units

Free List

Arch

Map

Rename

Map

Shadow

Maps

ROB/

Active

List

Phase

Tracking and

Classification

Unit

#instructions

Counter

Run-Length

Encoded Markov

Predictor

ݲÞLßYàá&â3ã?äÒåeæ0ç(áEèé9Þêpâèxê&àáEëì­ÝáEëíNâ îïá&ðzñœïá>ê&éâ-òë<á&ðïó]ô0é9ëõpâ3ô#á&âö9ÞLèxê&ÞïY÷]ø†èéâíNâ

ô#é9ëõ&â>ù9á&âöfÞLèxê&ÞïY÷OÞLõ0ö9Þ}úhâ á&â÷eê!ñœáEïYíûù9áEâö9ÞLèxê&ÞïY÷Nïñïê&é9â áë<áEèé9Þêpâèxê&àáëìfùfë<áëíNâ êpâ áEõIìLÞðâ

ü áEë÷fèEé]ùfá&âö9ÞLèxê&ÞïY÷ë÷fö]ó<ëìLàâKù9áEâö9ÞLèxê&ÞïY÷ä0ý˜î0ï'ùfÞâèxâõ>ïñލ÷ñœïáíOë<ê&ÞïY÷]ë<á&â÷âèxâõ&õ&ë<áEþñ°ïá>ùmé9ëõpâ

ù9á&âöfÞLèxê&ÞïY÷ÿIýé9â3ìLëõpêô0é9ëõpâ‰ö]õpâ â÷]ë÷fö/ã˜ýé9âK÷eà9í ü â á˜ïñê&ÞLíNâõ˜ù9áÞïá˜êpïQ÷ïîÜê&é9ë<ê>ÞLêé9ëõ

ü â â÷+õpâ â÷sÞL÷6ë]á&ïî°áà9÷ ìâ÷ßê&éä]ç ò/ë<áEðïó+ùfá&âö9ÞLèxêpïáÞLõKùhâ á&ñ°âèxê&ìþ$õ&à9Þêpâö+ñœïáõ&à9èé+ùfá&âö9ÞLè

ê&ÞïY÷9õÿ?ëõIÞê&õù9á&âöfÞLèxê&ÞïY÷Oïñ­ê&éâ:÷â?êIõpê&ë<êpâ*î>ÞLììföâ ùhâ÷9öQïY÷'ê&é9â*ìëõpê0õpâ êIïñ­õ&ê&ë<êpâõ˜ê&é9ë<êIé9ëóâ

ü

â â÷

õpâ â÷äýé9â˜áEë<ê&ÞïY÷9ëìâ ü âé9ލ÷9öà9õ&ÞL÷ß:ë3òë<á&ðïóNù9á&âö9ÞLèxêpïá!ލõê&é9ë<ê!ùféfëõpâ ü âé9ëó†Þïá!ÞLõ!èé9ë<áEëèxêpâ áEÞ âö

!#"$%'&('&)*+*-,.%/0"1#$21#13415%6879 #/0,!*2:;$<#"= !!"$%'>0#"13:$?"=/

@%:1A !/:>:B:BA,DCE$%"=,F*2G,.:#"HI2/JK"1!BL2M1#*C4#N*"$O>P !*G91D%Q/H="*$R"=/>1#$+BQ/:B

2$R1R .$$,!*2S%T%:**U#GB#WV.Q/:1#>,.QX&(Q:1Y$%:>21#$RZ$"=,!*2[,.:#"HI2/R#"= #/:>:B#?"

!#"$[>0#"13JK"1#B\#$%[$%:>21#$R#"=]&)*+*^>1D1IP[%_,.$%"=,!*6N`I'&([1Q:BE%_&)/0"= EP

$%:>21!$a>1D1DP#P#$b$"=,!*29,.:#"HI2/b15%S"R$+13*29$%"=%6ac#/b#+$-&(d>Q"1NP#$%)"Oe)P#1fXgh:13

i

1!>IB#+13Sjk"=/lHm-/0:B#>%/:6U79/:"$%1@/Z#$Z$b,.:>Q"P#$%J/0P#1fX*:13?+$("O !"=/0"[Q%Q/M#"=

lQQ !$)%/0">l'U>1#$%"1D) F#"$%,.:#"HI2/6ac/)n" !*J!2^ !"$%op1D%Q/Hq"*+$9#":HS"**,.Q:1

>Q*"$$02r#:B\1D%'G$"[ !#"$%Js:1\/0P!1fX*2:13\$t:uIP#"*U%4opI6?79#+$d F"=/0"Q%Q/OG"=l:$

$P/0]#"=)>1#$%"1D9 !!"$%],.:#":H2/)$M>Q"= !P/:B_"$d"[$13* F#"$%6

vKwyxUwz {\|b}K~)€!}-ƒ‚„†…<}b‡ˆU‰aŠX}aŒ‹Ž5ƒˆ!‘“’G€F‰aŠX‡I‚ˆƒ

79<,!"$+>B:"N,.:#1#B4 #/0:B#>%/$t#"=O2]P#$%:$"/0P!1fX*2:13”:1#>B:B”HQ/0$021

-S#$%%/0C'%N1!Bn_15%N"G

#/:B!>%/—

pq˜™6U79#djT"=/0lHG"=,F*2)>1#$+$%$-š&bSr#:*B#$:J5""=3Sr#:*B["1!BG"Rmb#"$%d›œBr!:*B6K79

1 FPU%R"=/0>0!2%:>P/t$-#dma!"$%)›B[>QP//:1Da !/r!*1#3t+15%Q/H="*sž@,!"1:B[@/Ÿ

ma!"$%t Z*+"$$2r!>Q"=1[¡d1!2aB:$>/¢2,.:B[1[$%:>1NoI6–pI6–o£¢J#"1#BGd1IP#O,.Q/a:$a #/02/a%S1¤&J

#$Rma#"$%G›œBE!"$,.Q:1E$%Q:1A1E"'/¤&ž@/¢P#1fX*2:13£¢6G79:$%GX&(k1 FP$]"=/G@:BE1D%T"k#"$

¥P#1#>216'79#?*2¤&bQ/S/0BQ/O,!2$M#?#"$A¥P#1#>21\ !/HBG"1Y1#B#n\+15%kG #/0:B#>21

"=,!*26-7)]#23Q/(/0BQ/M,!$b !/HBt"S"=36a¦§:1NQ/$Z"S"=3[["=>0ƒJ#]ma#"$›B1N

jk"=/lHG7^"=,!*2M !/HB:$-"R #/:B#+>21<.)1na !!"$%M&bd&)**I%/0"1!$221[+15%6K¦§:1[Q/0)$

"<"=3[[$0$QJ>QP//:1DMma#"$›B'$ZP#$%:B'"$9]1nI9mb#"$%t›B6-79t #/:B!>%/M$MP B#"=%:BN1

1#*2C'š&bN>Q>Q"$21#$QJ

£9&):1TQ/<$)"N>0#"1#3<+1_Sma#"$%S›BJF"1#B”o£9&):1kQ/O+$d"?"=3

["=>¢6a¨1?:1D%/CN$Z1#$%Q/%:BN1D%<jT"=/l¤HN7^"=,!*2&):1NQ/0t+$("<>¢#"131?]ma#"$d›BJ

$%O#"=(a>Q"1G,.9 !/:B#>%:BGd1na+d"=/P!1#B6Kc/Zd$%:>1!B?P B#"=%d>Q"$%J) #/0:B#>%/

$dP B#"=%:B'&):1TQ/R+$)"["=3["=>¢k,.:>Q"P#$R,F$%Q/H:Bk/0P#1_*2:1#3T["C_#":H<>0#"1#3:B6

›15%Q/H="*$)&)Q/#O$"Sma#"$R›B'I>Q>QP#/0$d$QHQ/0"*h+:$)1T"[/¤&“1Q:Bk1),.R$%/:BT1T

Markov Table

Phase Id

tag

ID

1

0

Last

Id

Run

Count

=

+ 1

0

H

­K®2¯°±²R³I´

¬Iµ(¶

°#·¸X¹h²:·¯º»'¼a·!½¾I¿#®+·¯[ÀTÁ=±Â¾¤Ã_Ä-±²:¿!®½º%¾±OÅ