Note Mineral Basics.doc

Unit 2 – Minerals I. Mineral Basics

A) Characteristics of Minerals – Minerals must be all of the following: 1) Solid

2) Element or Compound 3) Naturally occurring 4) Inorganic (nonliving) B) How Minerals form:

1) Crystallization –Melted rock material [magma or lava] (or gases) turning into solids. 2) Evaporation – Minerals left behind when water vaporizes (evaporates).

3) Precipitation – Minerals that settle out as solids after being dissolved. C) Rocks vs Minerals

1) Rocks are one or more minerals mixed together. The minerals in rocks hold their original properties.

2) Minerals – have the properties listed above (A 1-4)

D) Most Minerals form from the crystallization of melted rock material (magma or lava). 1) Most minerals solidify by about 600o_{C (1,100}o_F).

--Above 600 o_{C some mineral start to melt.}

2) Nearly all minerals are melted by about 1200o_{C (2,200}o_F).

-- As the temp’ of a magma drops below 1200o_{C some minerals start to crystallize.}

E) Composition of Minerals

1) Elements – Substances made with certain atomic structures (atoms have a certain number of protons).

- Elements cannot be changed into simpler forms of matter.

2) Compounds – Two or more elements with their atoms bonded. - Can only be separated by a chemical reaction.

F) Atoms – Smallest particle of matter with the properties of an element OR Basic unit of an element. + Made of:

1) Nucleus = Center of the atom, containing protons and neutrons. 2) Protons = Positively charged particle in the nucleus of the atom. 3) Neutron = Neutrally charged particle in the nucleus.

Unit – Minerals

I. Outcome 2: Mineral Basics –

I. Outcome 2: Mineral Basics –

What makes a mineral a mineral?

I. Mineral Basics

A) Characteristics of ALL

Minerals. – ALL Minerals must

be:

1) a Solid

2) Element or Compound

3)

A) Characteristics of Minerals –

Minerals must be ALL of the

following:

1) a Solid

2) Element or Compound

3) Naturally occurring

Unit 2 – Minerals I. Mineral Basics

A) Characteristics of Minerals – Minerals must be all of the following: 1) Solid

2) Element or Compound 3) Naturally occurring 4) Inorganic (nonliving)

1) Solid

2) Element or Compound 3) Naturally occurring 4) Inorganic (nonliving)

B) How Minerals form:

1)

Crystallization

–

Melted rock

B) How Minerals form:

1) Crystallization –Melted rock material [magma or lava] (or gases) turning into solids.

2) Evaporation – Minerals left behind when water vaporizes (evaporates).

3)

Precipitation

–

Minerals that

settle out as solids after being

2) Evaporation – Minerals left behind when water vaporizes (evaporates). 3) Precipitation – Minerals that settle out as solids after being dissolved.

C) Rocks vs Minerals

1) Rocks are one or more minerals

mixed together.

2) Minerals – have the

properties listed

C) Rocks vs Minerals

1) Rocks are one or more minerals mixed together. The minerals in rocks hold their original properties.

2) Minerals – have the properties listed above (A 1-4)

D) Most Minerals form from the

crystallization

of melted rock

D) Most Minerals form from the crystallization of melted rock material.

1) Most minerals are solids at

about 600

o

_{C (1,100}

o

_F).

--Above 600

o

_{C some mineral start}

1) Most minerals solidify by about 600o_{C (1,100}o_F).

--Above 600 o_{C some mineral start to melt.}

1) Most minerals solidify by about 600o_{C (1,100}o_F).

--Above 600 o_{C some mineral start to melt.}

2) Nearly all minerals are melted by about

1200

o

_{C (2,200}

o

_F).

2) Nearly all minerals are melted by about 1200o_{C (2,200}o_F).

-- As the temp’ of a magma drops below 1200o_{C some minerals start to crystallize.}

E) Composition of Minerals

Each mineral has its

own

crystal structure

E) Composition of Minerals:

Each mineral has its own crystal structure and

specific composition.

Each Mineral is either an

element

or a

compound

.

DE) Composition of Minerals:

Each mineral has its own crystal structure and

specific composition.

Each Mineral is either an element or a

compound.

1) Elements –

Substances made with

specific atomic

1) Elements – Substances made with certain

atomic structures (their atoms have a specific

number of protons).

- Elements cannot be

changed into simpler

forms of matter.

- A list of ALL elements =

Periodic Table of

1) Elements – Substances made with certain atomic

structures (their atoms have a specific number of

protons).

- Elements cannot be changed into simpler forms of

matter.

- A list of ALL elements = Periodic Table of Elements (pg

646)

2) Compounds

– Two or

2) Compounds – Two or more elements with

their atoms bonded.

-

Can only be

separated by chemical

reactions which will

2) Compounds – Two or more elements with

their atoms bonded.

- Can only be separated by a chemical reaction

which will break the atoms’ bonds.

- Individual elements in

the compound don’t hold

their original properties.

Compound examples:

NaCl (salt)

,

H

2

O

, sugar (C

6

H

12

O

6

),

F) Atoms

– Smallest

particle of matter with

the properties of an

F) Atoms – Smallest particle of matter with the

properties of an element OR

Basic

unit of an element.

F) Atoms – Smallest particle of matter with the

properties of an element OR Basic unit of an

element.

+ Made of:

1) Nucleus

= Center of

the atom, containing

protons (+)

and

1) Nucleus = Center of the atom, containing

protons and neutrons.

2) Protons

=

Positively

charged particles in

the nucleus of the

1) Nucleus = Center of the atom, containing

protons and neutrons.

2) Protons = Positively charged particle in the

nucleus of the atom.

3) Neutron

=

Neutral (

no

charge

) particle in the

2) Protons = Positively charged particle in the

nucleus of the atom.

3) Neutron = Neutrally charged particle in the

nucleus.

4) Electron

= Negatively

P+P+

P+P+

N

N

N